Journal articles: 'Environmental commodities'

1

Weinrach, Jeff. "Environmental commodities." Environmental Quality Management 13, no. 2 (2003): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/tqem.10114.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

BROCKINGTON, DAN. "Ecosystem services and fictitious commodities." Environmental Conservation 38, no. 4 (November 3, 2011): 367–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892911000531.

Full text

Abstract:

There is a great deal of discussion in conservation about the possibility of quantifying and paying for the services to societies that nature performs. Functions such as carbon sequestration and water provision can be valued and payments made for them. Advocates argue that payments for ecological/environmental services (PES) will generate substantial sums, render environmental values legible to politicians and make protecting nature common sense to rational people.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Huang, Ju-Chin, Daigee Shaw, Yu-Lan Chien, and Min Qiang Zhao. "Valuing Environmental Resources through Demand for Related Commodities." American Journal of Agricultural Economics 98, no. 1 (September 14, 2015): 231–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aav053.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

MCCANN, RICHARD J. "ENVIRONMENTAL COMMODITIES MARKETS: âMESSYâ VERSUS âIDEALâ WORLDS." Contemporary Economic Policy 14, no. 3 (July 1996): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-7287.1996.tb00626.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Huenke, Alexander D. "Environmental Insurance Policies Are Negotiated Contracts and Not Commodities." Environmental Claims Journal 25, no. 3 (July 2013): 226–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406026.2013.814421.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Boyd, James, and Alan Krupnick. "Using Ecological Production Theory to Define and Select Environmental Commodities for Nonmarket Valuation." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 1 (April 2013): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500007590.

Full text

Abstract:

Economic analyses of nature must somehow define the “environmental commodities” to which values are attached. We articulate principles to guide the choice and interpretation of nonmarket commodities. We describe how complex natural systems can be decomposed consistent with “ecological production theory,” which, like conventional production theory, distinguishes between biophysical inputs, process, and outputs. We argue that a systems approach to the decomposition and presentation of natural commodities can inform and possibly improve the validity of nonmarket environmental valuation studies. We raise concerns about interpretation, usefulness, and accuracy of benefit estimates derived without reference to ecological production theory.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Starobin, Shana M. "Beekeepers Versus Biotech: Commodity Characteristics and Regulatory Interdependence in the Global Environmental Politics of Food." Global Environmental Politics 18, no. 2 (May 2018): 114–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00459.

Full text

Abstract:

This article examines the unexpected outcomes in a puzzling new empirical case—the success of a coalition of small-scale beekeepers, indigenous peasant social movements, and NGOs in thwarting a multinational biotechnology firm’s efforts to commercialize genetically modified (GM) soy in Mexico. Sparked by news of pending EU rules for honey imports “contaminated” with GM pollen grains, beekeepers and their allies leveraged a transnational regulatory focusing event to downscale the forums for contestation of Mexican transgenic policy to subnational levels—where actors vested in regionally valuable honey production became pitted against actors promoting the national commercialization of GM soy across Mexico. The coalition’s success not only depended on an effective political and legal strategy, as might be expected, but hinged crucially on the unique characteristics of the traded commodities themselves—honey and soy. The case reveals the complex socioecological, market, and regulatory dynamics at play in the cultivation of crops and commodities for consumption and sale into local and global markets. Going beyond the actors and interests involved, the case shows how the physical characteristics of commodities act as constraints to the set of possible institutional alternatives to effectively redress policy problems. Regulations contrived with focal commodities in mind, like soy, can have significant spillover effects to more peripheral commodities, like honey, and the interactions and interdependencies shared among commodities in natural and human systems may in fact foster new windows of opportunity for producers to pursue policy change and innovation at multiple levels of governance.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Havlík, P., F. Jacquet, Boisson J-M, S. Hejduk, and P. Veselý. "Mathematical programming models for agri-environmental policy analysis: A case study from the White Carpathians." Agricultural Economics (Zemědělská ekonomika) 52, No. 2 (February 17, 2012): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4996-agricecon.

Full text

Abstract:

BEGRAB_PRO.1 – a mathematical programming model for BEef and GRAssland Biodiversity PRoduction Optimisation – elaborated for analysis of organic suckler cow farms in the Protected Landscape Area White Carpathians, the Czech Republic, is presented and applied to the analysis of jointness between several environmental goods. In this way, the paper complements recent studies on jointness between commodities and non-commodities. If these goods are joint in production, agri-environmental payments must be carefully designed because they do not influence only production of the environmental good they are intended for but also the production of other environmental goods. If jointness is negative, any increase in the payment for an environmental good leads to a decrease in production of other environmental goods.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Carey, M. "Commodities, Colonial Science, and Environmental Change in Latin American History." Radical History Review 2010, no. 107 (April 1, 2010): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/01636545-2009-042.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Suh, Sangwon. "Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological–economic model." Ecological Economics 48, no. 4 (April 2004): 451–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2003.10.013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Murakami, Shinsuke, Masahiro Oguchi, Tomohiro Tasaki, Ichiro Daigo, and Seiji Hashimoto. "Lifespan of Commodities, Part I." Journal of Industrial Ecology 14, no. 4 (July 19, 2010): 598–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2010.00250.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Wang, Lijie, and Jianjun Lu. "Analysis of the Social Welfare Effect of Environmental Regulation Policy Based on a Market Structure Perspective and Consumer." Sustainability 12, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12010104.

Full text

Abstract:

With the implementation of regulatory policies, some new problems are emerging, such as uneven governance effects, large differences in economic growth, and social welfare inequalities. In order to promote the sustainable development of both the economy and the environment, it is necessary to provide theoretical explanations for the above phenomena. Thus, this paper constructs a theoretical model of social welfare effects based on the Cournot model. Additionally, the scenario analysis method is used to analyze the social welfare effects of environmental control policies from the perspective of market structure and consumer preferences. The findings of the scenario analysis are as follows: (1) the social welfare effect of environmental subsidy policy is greater than the social welfare effect of environmental tax policy when the absolute difference between the external value of environmentally friendly goods and non-environmental goods is less than 7.4 units and (2) the implementation of environmental subsidy policies or environmental tax policies will improve social welfare when the market structure is a completely competitive market and when both of the externalities of environmentally friendly commodities and non-environmental commodities are not the same at intervals (0, 0.335) and (−0.335, 0). We conclude that (1) the government should consider externalities, market powers, and consumer preferences when implementing environmental regulation policies and (2) the government can achieve a trend toward the development of environmentally friendly goods by guiding consumer preferences and harnessing market power.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gocht, Werner, and Ulrich Petersen. "Minerals and the Common Fund for Commodities." Natural Resources Forum 18, no. 2 (May 1994): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-8947.1994.tb00883.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Tansakul, Natthasit, Sasithorn Limsuwan, Josef Böhm, Manfred Hollmann, and Ebrahim Razzazi-Fazeli. "Aflatoxins in selected Thai commodities." Food Additives & Contaminants: Part B 6, no. 4 (December 2013): 254–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19393210.2013.812148.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Wiesmeth, Hans. "Systemic Change: The Complexity of Business in a Circular Economy." Foresight and STI Governance 14, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 47–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17323/2500-2597.2020.4.47.60.

Full text

Abstract:

The transition to a circular economy is often associated with appropriate business models, which should, among other things, help to replace the conventional `end-of-life? concept regarding commodities with restoration and environmental design. This systemic change appears to be closely linked to the waste hierarchy: prevention of waste, reuse of old commodities and recycling of waste. The paper shows that there are various problems for businesses to maintain the waste hierarchy in the context of a circular economy. The intrinsic nature of environmental commodities and, in particular, societal path dependencies present some challenges. These societal path dependencies are related to the benefits of decentralized decision-making in a market economy. In the short term, appropriate environmental policies can help alleviate some of these problems, but in the long term, these societal path dependencies need to be reoriented. The paper contains practical examples of all the issues raised.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Whitaker, Thomas B. "Sampling Agricultural Commodities for Mycotoxins." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 83, no. 5 (September 1, 2000): 1245–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/83.5.1245.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Hays, Samuel P. "The New Environmental West." Journal of Policy History 3, no. 3 (July 1991): 223–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s089803060000628x.

Full text

Abstract:

Over the past three decades environmental objectives have emerged in the West with considerable strength and influence to reshape public attitudes. Until World War II agriculture and raw-materials extraction still dominated the region's economic and political views.' But in recent years the West has begun to change rapidly. New residents have brought with them new attitudes toward natural resources. Increasingly, those resources are thought of as an environment to enhance individual and regional standards of living rather than as material commodities alone. An indigenous environmental constitutency has become more vigorous in challenging the previously dominant extractive economy of lumber, grazing, and mining.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Glennie, P. D., and N. J. Thrift. "Modern Consumption: Theorising Commodities and Consumers." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 11, no. 5 (October 1993): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d110603.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Syahza, Almasdi, Djaimi Bakce, Mitri Irianti, Brilliant Asmit, and Besri Nasrul. "Development of Superior Plantation Commodities Based on Sustainable Development." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 16, no. 4 (August 26, 2021): 683–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.160408.

Full text

Abstract:

Riau is an Indonesian province known for its large plantations. The plantation business makes the most significant contribution to the fiscal revenues of the province. This paper aims to innovate rural economy through the sustainable development of superior commodities in the plantation sub-sector of agriculture. Specifically, multi-criteria analysis (MCA) was performed to determine the superior commodities in each locality. The results show that the superior commodities include palm oil, rubber, coconut, cocoa, coffee, and sago. The development of these commodities could boost farmers’ income with the added value of planation products. On this basis, the fair use of land for all categories was highlighted from social, economic, and environmental perspectives, and recognized as essential to the development of sustainable plantations, which are integral to rural economy and land sustainability. The proposed development strategy for superior commodities in plantation is in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) in Riau Province, Indonesia.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Winter, Carl K., and Josh M. Katz. "Dietary Exposure to Pesticide Residues from Commodities Alleged to Contain the Highest Contamination Levels." Journal of Toxicology 2011 (2011): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/589674.

Full text

Abstract:

Probabilistic techniques were used to characterize dietary exposure of consumers to pesticides found in twelve commodities implicated as having the greatest potential for pesticide residue contamination by a United States-based environmental advocacy group. Estimates of exposures were derived for the ten most frequently detected pesticide residues on each of the twelve commodities based upon residue findings from the United States Department of Agriculture's Pesticide Data Program. All pesticide exposure estimates were well below established chronic reference doses (RfDs). Only one of the 120 exposure estimates exceeded 1% of the RfD (methamidophos on bell peppers at 2% of the RfD), and only seven exposure estimates (5.8 percent) exceeded 0.1% of the RfD. Three quarters of the pesticide/commodity combinations demonstrated exposure estimates below 0.01% of the RfD (corresponding to exposures one million times below chronic No Observable Adverse Effect Levels from animal toxicology studies), and 40.8% had exposure estimates below 0.001% of the RfD. It is concluded that (1) exposures to the most commonly detected pesticides on the twelve commodities pose negligible risks to consumers, (2) substitution of organic forms of the twelve commodities for conventional forms does not result in any appreciable reduction of consumer risks, and (3) the methodology used by the environmental advocacy group to rank commodities with respect to pesticide risks lacks scientific credibility.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Kristiawan, Kristiawan, and Maimunah Maimunah. "KAJIAN KARBON PADA PENGEMBANGAN PRODUK UNGGULAN BUAH-BUAHAN RAMAH LINGKUNGAN DI KABUPATEN TUBAN JAWA TIMUR." VIABEL: Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu-Ilmu Pertanian 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2020): 76–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.35457/viabel.v14i1.1006.

Full text

Abstract:

The determination of national and regional leading commodities is the first step towards agricultural development that is based on the concept of efficiency to achieve comparative and competitive advantage in the face of trade globalization. Commodity development that has a comparative advantage in terms of supply is characterized by its superiority in its growth in the biophysical, technological, and socio-economic conditions of farmers in a region. This is important because changes in the external environment through the process of globalization require local governments (provincial / district / city) to increase their competitiveness, so they are able to compete globally. The agricultural commodities in the GRDP structure contribute significantly to the economy in Tuban Regency. The purpose of this study is to describe the typolology of the leading producer of environmentally friendly fruit commodities based on land suitability, determine environmentally friendly superior commodities for fruits in Tuban Regency, analyzing the optimization of the farm management of the development of superior commodities of environmentally friendly fruits in Tuban. Quantitative analysis used in this study is the analysis of regional economic structures using the Location Quotient (LQ) approach, which is the approach used to determine the commodity in an area includes a base or non basis based on harvested area or quantity of production each year. While environmental aspects are approached through the calculation of biomass and carbon content and CO2 uptake of friendly superior fruit crops environment. The results of the study based on the Location Quotient (LQ) method show that the potential of star fruit, red guava and mango commodities in Tuban is classified as base, while citrus fruit is classified as non-base. Socially viable farming based on employment is star fruit farming and economically viable based on income is mango fruit farming and environmentally viable based on carbon biomass is mango fruit farming. Whereas socially, economically and environmentally viable farming is mango fruit. Based on the calculation of carbon biomass, the largest carbon biomass is obtained from mango fruit plants in the amount of 61,823.20 kg / ha. This is because the mango fruit plant has a larger stem than other commodity crops such as star fruit, red guava or orange. In addition, mango commodity plants have a relatively long age so that it has a relatively large carbon biomass. Besides being influenced by plants themselves, carbon biomass that is formed can also be influenced by quality in land management.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Atmaja, R. Ferry Bakti, and Seno Hadi Saputro. "Prospek Sistem Resi Gudang Untuk Meningkatkan Daya Saing Komoditas Lada." Widya Cipta: Jurnal Sekretari dan Manajemen 4, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31294/widyacipta.v4i1.7215.

Full text

Abstract:

It has become the hope for the people and the government of Bangka to re-cherish pepper commodities as before, the Warehouse Receipt System program is one of the efforts expected to fulfill that dream. This research is a qualitative study that seeks to answer the question of the ability of the prospect of the Warehouse Receipt System program in increasing the competitiveness of pepper commodities. Primary data collection techniques using interviews and questionnaires to pepper farmers located in Mendo Barat District, Bangka Regency. The results of the study stated that the WRS program has not been able to contribute to increasing the competitiveness of pepper commodities in terms of the functioning of the maximum market mechanism, maintained integrity of environmental carrying capacity for quality commodities / agricultural products, the establishment of legal certainty, and a competitive business world

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

David, Sergio Adriani, Claudio M. C. Inácio, and José António Tenreiro Machado. "Quantifying the Predictability and Efficiency of the Cointegrated Ethanol and Agricultural Commodities Price Series." Applied Sciences 9, no. 24 (December 5, 2019): 5303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9245303.

Full text

Abstract:

Ethanol is an energy commodity and a biofuel that has contributed to mitigate the use of fossil fuels. Nonetheless, the environmental benefits derived from the use of ethanol can occur at the expense of the agricultural commodities prices, affecting their volatilities and efficiency. This problem occurs because most of the raw materials currently used to produce biofuels, such as corn in the US, sugarcane in Brazil and oilseeds in Europe, are also important global commodities. This work adopts several mathematical tools, namely the Detrended Fluctuation Analysis, fractal dimension, and the Hurst and Lyapunov exponents. This set of tools measures the market efficiency and the prices’ predictability for the ethanol and some agriculture commodities that revealed price transmission (cointegration), in a previous work. The results show that, in general, the ethanol has a lower predictability horizon than the other commodities. Moreover, it is discussed a quantitative measure to assess the market performance, by means of the efficiency index. We observe that the ethanol efficiency is similar to the other agricultural commodities evaluated.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Dr. Akhilesh Tiwari and Dr. Amitabh Roy. "Consumers’ Buying Activities In Relative To Green Commodities." GIS Business 15, no. 1 (January 24, 2020): 253–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.26643/gis.v15i1.18377.

Full text

Abstract:

Environmental problem is a burning topic nowadays as almost every country’s government and society has started to be more aware about these issues. This leads to a tendency of green marketing used by the firm as one of the strategies in order to gain profit and protect the environment. Customer’s attitudes are changing towards the environment to encourage innovation for conservation and the benefits from this source of innovation are certain to survive our current generation. This paper also focuses on the success of efforts put by marketers in bringing green brands awareness in consumer’s mind. It further reviews consumer behavior and impact of marketing communication to identify how consumers are influenced to opt for greener products.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

ANWAR, Chairil, Marhawati MAPPATOBA, Syamsuddin HM, and Edhi TAQWA. "Determining Selected Prime Agriculture Commodities through Three Methods." Journal of Environmental Management and Tourism 12, no. 3 (June 4, 2021): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jemt.v12.3(51).07.

Full text

Abstract:

Local governments should be able to take pay attention to plan action in efficient way in developing economy of the regency, in order to optimise the economic advantages in the region and to encourage local economic growth. For this purpose, it should be considered to design development planning through selecting sub-sectors and prime products in further design plan of action for the region. This research aims to determine selective prime commodities and sub sector potential through three methods which areas: 1) Location Quotient Analysis, 2) Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) 3) Exponential Comparation Method /MPE. The results show that the plantation sub-sector is selected as sector basis of the economy with the value of LQ=1,3694 or LQ>1. In line with the plantation subsector which is nominated as the prime subsector in Tolitoli regency with weight priority value of 0.2927, then the cloves product is selected as prime commodity in the Region with the MPE total weight of 13.1416, and this commodity is nominated as commodity basis with the LQ value of 13.5754.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Marina, Marina, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto, and Masyhuri Masyhuri. "The Study of Leading Subsector and Leading Commodities of Agricultural in Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands Province." Agro Ekonomi 29, no. 1 (July 25, 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ae.30739.

Full text

Abstract:

Indonesian government is currently implementing regional development emphasizing on the characteristic and potential strength of each region. This program will be more optimal if conducted based on the introduction of the leading potential along with its use by maintaining the environmental sustainability. This research is aimed to (1) identify the basis/leading and non-basis/non-leading of agricultural sub-sector and its commodities; (2) to classify the pattern of sub-sector growth and agricultural commodities. The data used was time series consisting of secondary data from Anambas Islands Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) in accordance with the basic constant price in 2010 and the production value data of agricultural commodity during 2010-2015. The data analysis by Location Quotient (LQ) and Typology Klassen method. The analysis result shows that the sub-sectors of food crops, plantation, and fishery are the basis sub-sector (LQ > 1). The commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, water spinach, spinach, pineapple, banana, coconut, clove, cow (cattle) and kampong chicken are the basic commodities (LQ > 1). According to the analysis of Klassen Typology, the sub-sectors of food crops and plantation crops are included in leading and fast-growing classification (rik > riand Yik> Yi), while the commodities of wetland paddy, sweet potato, mustard, spinach, and coconut are included in the leading and fast-growing commodities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Lajis, Ahmad Firdaus B. "Realm of Thermoalkaline Lipases in Bioprocess Commodities." Journal of Lipids 2018 (2018): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5659683.

Full text

Abstract:

For decades, microbial lipases are notably used as biocatalysts and efficiently catalyze various processes in many important industries. Biocatalysts are less corrosive to industrial equipment and due to their substrate specificity and regioselectivity they produced less harmful waste which promotes environmental sustainability. At present, thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases have gained enormous interest as biocatalyst due to their stability and robustness under high temperature and alkaline environment operation. Several characteristics of the thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases are discussed. Their molecular weight and resistance towards a range of temperature, pH, metal, and surfactants are compared. Their industrial applications in biodiesel, biodetergents, biodegreasing, and other types of bioconversions are also described. This review also discusses the advance of fermentation process for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production focusing on the process development in microorganism selection and strain improvement, culture medium optimization via several optimization techniques (i.e., one-factor-at-a-time, surface response methodology, and artificial neural network), and other fermentation parameters (i.e., inoculums size, temperature, pH, agitation rate, dissolved oxygen tension (DOT), and aeration rate). Two common fermentation techniques for thermostable and alkaline tolerant lipases production which are solid-state and submerged fermentation methods are compared and discussed. Recent optimization approaches using evolutionary algorithms (i.e., Genetic Algorithm, Differential Evolution, and Particle Swarm Optimization) are also highlighted in this article.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

Hathaway, Michael. "Wild Commodities and Environmental Governance: Transforming Lives and Markets in China and Japan." Conservation and Society 12, no. 4 (2014): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.155583.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Peters, Glen P., and Edgar G. Hertwich. "A comment on “Functions, commodities and environmental impacts in an ecological–economic model”." Ecological Economics 59, no. 1 (August 2006): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.08.008.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Naeem, Muhammad Abubakr, Oluwasegun B. Adekoya, and Johnson A. Oliyide. "Asymmetric spillovers between green bonds and commodities." Journal of Cleaner Production 314 (September 2021): 128100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.128100.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

31

Kissinger, Meidad, Cornelia Sussmann, Caitlin Dorward, and Kent Mullinix. "Local or global: A biophysical analysis of a regional food system." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 34, no. 6 (February 12, 2018): 523–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1742170518000078.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractGrowing concern regarding environmental, social, economic and food quality outcomes of the modern global industrial food system as well as the implications of climate change on food security and food system sustainability have fomented interest in, and action to advance localized food systems. Environmental stewardship is an oft-touted benefit of food system localization. However, few studies have comparatively examined actual environmental benefits of local versus global supply systems and most focus on only one aspect (e.g., GHG emissions). The study reported here comparatively analyzes land, water, carbon and ecological footprints of a localized food supply and contemporary global food supply for the South-West British Columbia (Canada), bioregion (SWBC). The footprint family approach utilized allows measuring overall biophysical loads for the studied region. We quantified regional rates of reliance on imported biophysical services; measured the performances of specific food products grown locally in comparison with their imported counterparts; and identified those commodities that have better and worse local biophysical performances. For the SWBC bioregion, only 35% of the food consumed in the region is locally produced. Supplying the region's food demands requires 2 million hectares of land and 3 billion m3 of water, generating approximately 2.8 million tons of CO2e, with an eco-footprint of 2.5 million gha. Examining a large number of commodities grown and consumed in the bioregion revealed that only some commodities grown locally have absolute or significant biophysical advantages, while the rest have very little to no local advantage. Our analysis challenges the notion that local food systems are necessarily more environmentally sustainable from a biophysical resource use perspective and therefore may not represent the most compelling argument(s) for food system localization. We call for better and more comprehensive comparative analysis of existing and desired food systems as a mean to advance sustainability.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

32

Just, Richard E., Erik Lichtenberg, and David Zilberman. "PARTIAL VERSUS GENERAL STORAGE POLICY: COMMODITIES AND RESOURCES." Natural Resource Modeling 8, no. 3 (June 1994): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-7445.1994.tb00185.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

33

Himberg, K. K. "Coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls in some Finnish food commodities." Chemosphere 27, no. 7 (September 1993): 1235–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(93)90170-a.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

34

Collard, Rosemary-Claire, and Jessica Dempsey. "Life for Sale? The Politics of Lively Commodities." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 45, no. 11 (January 2013): 2682–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a45692.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

35

Boye, Yngve. "COLLECTING AND DISTRIBUTING COMMODITIES: APPROACHES TO APPROPRIATE SYSTEMS." Papers in Regional Science 12, no. 1 (January 14, 2005): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1435-5597.1964.tb01267.x.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

36

Singh, Niharika, Mamta Raghav, Shifa Narula, Simran Tandon, and Gunjan Goel. "Profiling of Virulence Determinants in Cronobacter sakazakii Isolates from Different Plant and Environmental Commodities." Current Microbiology 74, no. 5 (March 3, 2017): 560–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00284-017-1219-9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

37

Lee, John E., and Kenneth Baum. "Implications of low-input farming systems for the U.S. position in world agriculture." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 4, no. 3-4 (December 1989): 144–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002988.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractThe adoption of sustainable farming system practices by U.S. producers could affect the international competitive position of many agricultural commodities, including livestock. The adoption of such practices over the next several decades will depend on commodity policy legislation, environmental regulation, commodity price and acreage diversion incentives, and the success of ongoing GATT negotiations and trade liberalization. However, the extent and magnitude of these effects are dependent on the internalization and recognition of social costs of agricultural production by farmers and explicit tradeoffs between environmental degradation and agricultural profitability. Environmental externalities include soil loss, surface and ground water contamination by agricultural residuals, loss of wildlife habitat, and diminished aesthetic amenities. In effect, both public and private concerns about the marginal social environmental costs associated with production, when present, will influence the shape and location of commodity supply curves and the U.S. export capability. In turn, these supply curves, which define the production capacity of the U.S. to meet domestic and export demand, will determine our comparative competitive positions for different commodities in world markets.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

38

Shapot, D., and V. Malakhov. "The Impact of Commodities Export Prices on Perspectives of Russia's Economy Development." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 20, 2012): 84–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2012-4-84-96.

Full text

Abstract:

The article gives quantitative assessments of macroeconomic consequences of the deviations of commodities export prices from the levels expected by the Ministry of Economic Development of Russia. A method for evaluation of key macroeconomic indicators sensitivity to commodities export prices changes is developed. A dynamic optimization model for ready analysis of the export prices impact on the Russian economy development is submitted.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

39

Weinberger, Michelle, Nicole Bellows, and John Stover. "Estimating private sector out-of-pocket expenditures on family planning commodities in low-and-middle-income countries." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e004635. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004635.

Full text

Abstract:

IntroductionThe role of the private sector in family planning (FP) is well studied; however, few efforts have been made to quantify the role of private out-of-pocket (OOP) expenditures on FP commodities across low-and-middle-income countries (LMICs). Calculating OOP expenditures is important to illuminate the magnitude of these contributions and to inform discussions on how financial burdens can be reduced.MethodsEstimates of FP users and commodities consumed by women getting their FP methods from the private sector were made for 132 LMICs. Next, unit price data were compiled from to estimate the average price of commodities in the private sector at both a commercial and subsidised price point. These unit prices were applied to commodity consumption estimates to calculate total private OOP expenditures. Sensitivity testing was conducted.ResultsTotal estimated private OOP expenditures for FP commodities in 2019 was $2.73 billion across 132 LMICs. Spending on contraceptive pills accounted for 80% of this total, and just over three-quarters of expenditure came from upper-middle-income countries. OOP expenditures on subsidised commodities were small but accounted for 20% of expenditures in low-income countries. Non-subsidised unit prices were found to be between 5 and 20 times higher in upper-middle-income countries compared with low-income countries, although wide variation exists. For low-income and lower-middle-income countries, subsidies appear to be greatest for intrauterine devices (IUDs) and pills.ConclusionLarge OOP expenditures across all income levels highlight a need for financing approaches that ensure that a wide range of contraceptives are both accessible and affordable.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

40

Bergsma, K., S. Sargent, J. Brecht, and R. Peart. "AN EXPERT SYSTEM FOR DIAGNOSING CHILLING INJURY OF VEGETABLES." HortScience 26, no. 6 (June 1991): 697C—697. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.26.6.697c.

Full text

Abstract:

Temperature management is the most widely used method to extend the postharvest life of vegetables. Unfortunately, during less than optimal commercial conditions, certain commodities can be exposed to low, nonfreezing temperatures that may shorten their market life due to chilling injury (CI). CI is difficult to diagnose since not all commodities exhibit the same symptoms. Environmental factors may also affect the expression of CI The services of an expert are usually required to positively diagnose CI, however, experts are not always readily available, particularly during routine commercial handling. An expert system, a computer program that emulates a human expert's thought processes, will be developed to diagnose CI symptoms for several commodities. A prototype developed with Level5 Object, an expert system shell, will be presented. Diagnosis is determined by applying rules and certainty factors based on user responses to queries on the type and extent of visual symptoms. The applicability and advantages of this system will be discussed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

41

Mamada, Robert, and Charles Perrings. "Environmental Stochasticity, Cournot Competition and the Prisoner’s Dilemma." International Game Theory Review 22, no. 01 (September 11, 2019): 1950009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219198919500099.

Full text

Abstract:

The production of natural resource-based commodities is frequently affected by environmental uncertainty and the strategic response of producers to uncertainty. We ask when uncertainty induces cooperation. Using a model of Cournot competition under environmentally induced price uncertainty, we consider the conditions under which cooperation is favored over defection. We find that the probability of cooperation depends on the length of the time period over which production levels are adjusted to price shocks. When uncertainty is low, the probability of cooperation is monotonically increasing in the length of this adjustment period. When uncertainty is high, the probability of cooperation initially increases as the adjustment period lengthens, but beyond some threshold starts to fall. In this case, the expected outcome is defection. We consider the broader implications of these findings.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

42

Johansson, Emma, Stefan Olin, and Jonathan Seaquist. "Foreign demand for agricultural commodities drives virtual carbon exports from Cambodia." Environmental Research Letters 15, no. 6 (June 15, 2020): 064034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ab8157.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

43

Carr, Joel A., Paolo D’Odorico, Samir Suweis, and David A. Seekell. "What commodities and countries impact inequality in the global food system?" Environmental Research Letters 11, no. 9 (September 1, 2016): 095013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/11/9/095013.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

44

Young, Martin, and Francis Markham. "Coercive commodities and the political economy of involuntary consumption: The case of the gambling industries." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 12 (October 2, 2017): 2762–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x17734546.

Full text

Abstract:

Coercive commodities are those goods and services that promote ‘akratic’ consumption – that consumption recognised by consumers themselves to be contrary to their own best interests, all things considered. The production of coercive commodities has become an increasingly significant economic project of fractions of the capitalist class. As a form of secondary exploitation, coercive commodities facilitate the extraction of surplus profits from the savings and assets of the working classes, thus impeding the accumulation of a workers’ hoard that may act as a potential blockage to value realisation in consumption. We use the example of commercial gambling to illustrate the political economy of coercive commodity production. The gambling production system is driven by a core dynamic between spatially fixed capital, the pressures of competition, and the technological generation of akrasia. The geographical expression of this dynamic is determined by the contingencies of the ‘harm maximisation’ policies of the state and the political efforts of individual capitalists to gain and reproduce monopoly power. Gambling production is effective as a form of secondary exploitation because, in addition to the profits accrued by exploiting labour, it extracts surplus profits by diverging sale price from value, by harnessing monopoly power, and by increasing the volume of consumption through akrasia. It is this extractive power, amplified by the consumer credit system, that forms the basis of the systemic utility of coercive commodities in late capitalist economies.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

45

Nagayama, Toshihiro, Maki Kobayashi, Hiroko Shioda, and Toshio Tomomatsu. "Gas Chromatographic Determination of Propamocarb in Agricultural Commodities." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 3 (May 1, 1996): 769–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.3.769.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract A simple and efficient gas chromatographic (GC) method is described for quantitative determination of propamocarb in agricultural commodities. Propamocarb is extracted into acetone–water (or acidified solvent for dry products) and then cleaned up by extraction with diethyl ether. The analyte is extracted from the aqueous fraction under basic conditions with diethyl ether and then analyzed by GC with nitrogen–phosphorus detection. The minimum detection limit is 0.01 μg/g in original samples (signal-to-noise ratio > 5). Recovery of propamocarb spiked at 0.1 μg/g into various samples is >75%, except for lettuce (41%).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

46

Bjorn, Andrew, Laura Declercq-Lopez, Sabrina Spatari, and Heather L. MacLean. "Decision support for sustainable development using a Canadian economic input–output life cycle assessment model." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2005): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l04-060.

Full text

Abstract:

The environmental and human health impacts of engineering activities have reshaped the way engineers make decisions. Increasingly, engineering decision-making is taking into consideration the full life cycle implications of engineering activities. This paper details the development and application of a national economic input–output-based life cycle assessment model, a tool for guiding engineering decision-making, for the Canadian economy. The model consists of 61 industries and 103 commodities and incorporates economic and environmental–resource data, including marginal resource consumption, energy use, releases of National Pollutant Release Inventory compounds, and emissions of greenhouse gases. The model is useful for evaluating various development strategies and analyzing the potential direct and indirect impacts of alternative public policies on the Canadian economy and environment. The model is applied to various sectors of the Canadian economy, and the life-cycle implications of demands for different commodities are determined, including demand for electricity and construction materials for highway design.Key words: life cycle assessment–analysis, sustainable development, economic input–output.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

47

Parry, J. P., and Arjun Appadurai. "The Social Life of Things: Commodities in Cultural Perspective." Man 23, no. 2 (June 1988): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2802852.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

48

Baletti, Brenda. "Territories, Commodities and Knowledges: Latin American Environmental Histories in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries (review)." Journal of Latin American Geography 4, no. 2 (2005): 116–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lag.2005.0037.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

49

Nicas, Mark. "Estimating Methyl Bromide Exposure Due to Offgassing from Fumigated Commodities." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 18, no. 3 (March 2003): 200–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10473220301358.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

50

KATSOUDAS, EUGENIA, and HOSSNY H. ABDELMESSEH. "Enzyme Inhibition and Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Methods for Carbamate Pesticide Residue Analysis in Fresh Produce." Journal of Food Protection 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2000): 1758–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-63.12.1758.

Full text

Abstract:

An acetylcholinesterase inhibition method was employed for detection of 21 carbamate pesticides in bananas, peaches, strawberries, and tomatoes. Each of these four agricultural commodities was spiked with 0.1 to 10 ppm of each of the 21 carbamates and individual detection levels were determined. Similar responses and detection limits were observed for all four produce when tested for a given carbamate. The detection levels ranged from 0.1 ppm for carbofuran and 3-hydroxycarbofuran to 6 ppm for promecarb and aldicarb sulfoxide. These results are generally at or below the tolerances established by the Environmental Protection Agency for these commodities. Positive samples from the enzyme inhibition screening were also analyzed with the carbaryl-specific enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit. The detection limits for carbaryl and carbofuran were 2.0 ppb and 8.0 ppb, respectively. The other carbamates did not exhibit cross-reactivity even at high ppb levels. Thus, the enzyme inhibition assay and ELISA are simple and fast screening procedures for the detection of carbamate pesticide residues in food commodities.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental commodities'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles