Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental education – South Africa – Western Cape'

1

Le, Grange Lesly L. L. "Pedagogical practices in a higher education context : case studies in environmental and science education." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/19380.

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Thesis (PhD) -- Stellenbosch University, 2001.
Stellenbosch University. Faculty of Education. Dept. of Curriculum Studies.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: My study investigates opportunities that may currently be available to enable the transformation of post-apartheid teacher education. I examine two case studies of my own professional practice. The first case study involves in-service education work that I performed with teachers in a local community, Grassy Park. The second case study represents work I performed with students in a pre-service education programme at the University of Stellenbosch. My study aims to: • Critically examine the implications of social issues, particularly environmental issues, for pedagogical practices generally and for South African pedagogical work in particular. • Critically review the changing socio-historical determinants of pedagogical practices in South African teacher education. • Investigate changing pedagogical practices by describing and reflecting on work done in my own professional contexts as a science/environmental teacher educator at a historically Afrikaner university. With respect to teacher education, Pendlebury (1998) argues that we are seeing shifts in public space, evaluative space, pedagogical space and institutional space from insulated space (hidden from public scrutiny) to a more porous space. In this study I am concerned with pedagogical space that, in Pendlebury's (1998:345) terms determines 'who may learn (or teach), how and what they learn (or teach), when and for how long and where'. I use these categories of Pendlebury (1998:345) together with Turnbull's (1997) perspectives on knowledge production as conceptual tools to frame my analyses of the cases. Although a significant part of my study focuses on classroom practices, I take pedagogy to have a much broader meaning that incorporates in Hernandez's (1997:11) terms 'all spaces in which knowledge is produced and identities are formed'. This research report offers a brief insight into the complexities of change at the micro-level of classroom practices. But, importantly also contextualises these micro-level pedagogical practices within broader socio-historical determinants and provides praxiological comments on postapartheid education policies. The research also initiates an investigation into the social organisation of trust in post-apartheid South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie studie ondersoek ek die geleenthede vir die transformasie van onderwyseropleiding in die post-apartheidsera. Ek bespreek twee gevallestudies uit my eie professionele praktyk. Die eerste gevallestudie handel oor die indiensopleiding van onderwysers in Grassy Park, 'n plaaslike gemeenskap. Die tweede gevallestudie handel oor die werk wat ek met studente in 'n voorgraadse onderrigprogram aan die Universiteit van Stellenbosch gedoen het. Die studie het die volgende ten doel: • 'n Kritiese ondersoek na die uitwerking van sosiale aspekte, met die klem op omgewingsaangeleenthede, op opvoedkundige praktyke in die algemeen en op die Suid- Afrikaanse opvoedkundige praktyk in die besonder. • 'n Kritiese oorsig oor die sosio-historiese veranderinge wat deeI vorm van die opleiding van Suid-Afrikaanse onderwysers. • 'n Ondersoek na veranderende opvoedkundige praktyke aan die hand van 'n beskrywing van en refleksie op my eie professionele werk as dosent in die wetenskap/omgewingsopvoeding aan 'n historiese Afrikaanse universiteit. Ten opsigte van onderwyseropleiding beweer Pendlebury (1998) dat verskuiwings in die publieke ruimte, evaluerende ruimte, pedagogiese ruimte en institusionele ruimte, plaasvind van 'n afgesonderde ruimte (verberg vir publieke waarnemimg/evaluasie) na 'n meer deursigtige ruimte. In hierdie studie fokus ek op die pedagogiese ruimte wat, volgens Pendlebury (1998:345), bepaal 'who may learn (or teach), how and what they learn (or teach), when and for how long and where'. Ek gebruik Pendlebury (1998: 345) se kategoriee saam met Turnbull (1997) se perspektiewe oor kennisproduksie as konseptuele raamwerk vir my analise van die twee gevallestudies. Alhoewel 'n beduidende gedeelte van my studie op klaskamerpraktyke fokus, moet die term pedagogie(k) volgens my 'n veel breer betekenis verband gesien word om ook Hernandez (1997: 11) se 'all spaces in which knowledge is produced and identities are formed' intesluit. Hierdie navorsingsverslag lig die komplekse aard van transformasie op die mikro-vlak van klaskamerpraktyke toe. Van groot belang is ook die kontekstualisering van opvoedkundige praktyke op mikro-vlak binne die breer sosio-historiese veranderlikes en lewer praktykverwante kommentaar op die opvoedkundige beleid van die post-apartheidsera. Die navorsing dien ook as vertrekpunt om sosiale vertroue in die post-apartheids-Suid-Afrika te ondersoek.

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2

Glover, Dawn. "The evaluation of environmental learning support materials : a case study of the AAWARE teacher's guide." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008064.

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This evaluative case study investigates the use of a specific learning support materials (LSMs) package, Animal Awareness for World and Regional Education (AA WARE), in the natural sciences, intermediate phase. Schools with access to the resource were canvassed through questionnaires to assess overall use in relation to distribution via workshop versus hand delivery, class size, availability of alternate LSMs and lastly the level of exposure to the distributing organisation. Three case studies were undertaken at three different schools. Data was generated through observations and interviews with the teacher undertaking the lesson observed. The aim of the case studies was to gain greater insight into AAWARE in practice and the factors that facilitated the use of the resource by these teachers. The research indicates that while AAWARE has overcome some inhibitors of resource use, its potential within Outcomes-Based Education (OBE) and the Revised National Curriculum Statements (RNCS) has not been achieved so far, except in a few isolated cases. Factors enabling the use of the resource are its user-friendly design, availability in all three languages spoken by the majority of Western Cape learners and the integration with education policy. Workshops, although not necessary for the utilisation of AA WARE in part, could enhance the integrated nature of the resource and introduce teachers to the potential of using the resource as an entire unit as opposed to a collection of separate lesson plans. A relationship is seen between exposure to the distributing organisation, the personal interest in wildlife of the teacher and the use of AAWARE. Finally recommendations are provided to increase the use of AA WARE. It is suggested that the resource undergoes a more effective alignment to RNCS content (RNCS policy was not an issue) now that RNCS implementation is completed. Further workshops should be offered in the use of AA WARE. Lastly a long-term strategy should be developed to enthuse schools and teachers about the intentions, goals and appropriateness of the resource.

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Battersby, Jane Elizabeth. "A question of marginalization coloured identities and education in the Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10099.

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Bibliography: leaves 341-389.
The central aim of this research is to evaluate the claim by members of the Coloured population of the Western Cape that they are as socially and economically marginalized under the current government as they were under apartheid. The purpose of this is to contribute to the debate on post-apartheid social transformation and broader debates on the continued use of the notion of Colouredness in the South African context. The research findings are based on fieldwork carried out in four main high schools in Coloured communities in the Western Cape province. This thesis first establishes the broad theoretical, political and historical background of the research. This section of the thesis debates the nature of Colouredness and the existing theoretical frameworks for the analysis of Coloured identities. Following this Coloured experiences of post-apartheid education policy and provision are considered. Within this analysis the evidence for claims of marginalization is discussed and its nature and intention is assessed. From this basis, the thesis then investigates the reactions of pupils to this perceived marginalization, in terms of their attitudes towards education, their aspirations and their attitudes towards other pupils. A final part of the analysis considers the nature of school and community responses to pupils' reactions to their perceived marginalization. This section investigates not only the nature of the responses, but also seeks to provide explanations for these responses, using the theoretical frameworks of the earlier sections. Finally, this thesis draws conclusions based on the original questions posed and then points to the wider implications of this research in the South African political and international theoretical contexts.

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4

Walker, Clara Isabella. "Stewardship as an educational process of social learning and change: two case studies conducted in the Western Cape." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003657.

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Stewardship in South Africa, as it is being implemented within the framework of the Biodiversity Stewardship Programme (BSP), is an attempt by conservation agencies to engage landowners in the voluntary securing of parcels of biodiverse land, through signing a contract for a certain time period, not to develop the landscape in ways that will impact negatively on the biodiversity of the area in question. The focus of this study is the relationship between biodiversity stewardship and social learning, as I hope to ascertain how stewardship practices are helping to resolve the current problems of biodiversity loss in the Western Cape. The overall aim of this research is to gain an understanding of how, in its capacity as a conservation education process, the Cape Nature Stewardship Programme can foster social learning amongst the landowners involved in its implementation, by leading them to a better understanding of their environmental responsibilities. Data was generated through the use of interviews and informal discussions with participants together with document analysis, such as brochures, pamphlets and presentations. My approach to the analysis of my data was two-phased. In the first phase, I analysed the data generated from the interview process and from reviewing the documents the stewardship officials supplied me with. The second phase involved looking into the results of the two case studies, and formulating analytical statements which were then used to review the case evidence within a social learning perspective, derived from Wals (2007). In constructing an analytical framework for the interpretation of my data, I drew heavily on Wals' (2007) notion of social learning occurring in sequential activities. I used this insight as a lens through which to trace the educational effects of the implementation of the CNSP in the two case study areas.The research highlighted evidence that Stewardship initiatives should be based on the foundation of social learning and invest time and effort in building an environmental knowledge capital amongst the landowners involved. By equipping them with these necessary conservation skills, one creates a 'community of practice' where those individuals adopt a sustainability habitus contributing towards a change and environmental understanding and practises in field.

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5

Carstens, Carin. "Youth culture and discipline at a school in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/80048.

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Thesis (MEd)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
Bibliography
Internationally, contemporary youth struggle to make sense or meaning of their lives. That is so because they live in a world where they daily witness unsolvable problems of struggling economies, poverty, HIV, and religious and national conflict, and where they are generally treated with ambivalence and a threat to the existing social order. Youth also struggle because within the public imagination they exist on the fringe of society. Giroux (2012: 2) argues that youth are given few spaces where “they can recognise themselves outside of the needs, values, and desires preferred by the marketplace” and are mostly subjected to punitive and zero tolerance approaches when they behave in unacceptable ways. In South Africa presently, it is generally claimed that “discipline problems” amongst youth have become the most endemic problem in South African schools, with policy makers and educators daily complaining about the disciplinary problems within schools that affect how learners engage with learning. Equally, discipline as punitive coercion has been shown to be an unsuccessful educational method in dealing with youth (Porteus & Vally 1999). With the above schooling challenge in mind, this qualitative study explored the views of thirteen young learners at Avondale High School in the Western Cape on school discipline. Via semi-structured interviews, the youth were asked about their understandings of the rules, disciplinary structures, forms of authority and order at the school, how they interpreted the role of discipline, and how they thought this would influence the futures awaiting them. The goal of the study was to provide a multi-dimensional view of what youth regarded as discipline at one school, and to explore whether different learners adopted different meanings of ‘discipline’ according to the context of their individual lives. I show in the study - utilising the views of Emile Durkheim, Michel Foucault and Pierre Bourdieu - that school discipline needs to be thought of as more than punishment or structures of ordering per se if it is to play a productive role in the functioning of schools. Along with Yang (2009: 49) I suggest that only when schools recognise that discipline has multiple meanings and (limited) roles within their daily functioning, will the emancipatory and transformative possibilities of school discipline be unlocked. For that to happen, the voices and views of youth in schools have to be taken account of, and meaningful relationships developed between learners, educators, and school management.

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6

Luckay, Melanie B. "Implementation of social constructivist learning environments in grade 9 natural science in the Western Cape Province, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14752.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 199-222).
This study monitored the transformation of Grade 9 Natural Science classrooms toward social constructivist learning environments in three contexts described by socio-economic status (SES) (i.e., high, medium and low SES). The study further assessed the influence of social constructivist learning environments on three key student outcomes, namely, students' attitude toward science, achievement and gender equity. The present study employed a mixed-method approach, which took place in two main sequential data collection phases, namely, the quantitative data collection phase (QUAN) and the qualitative data collection phase (qual). This contemporary approach was employed to triangulate the quantitative data with the qualitative data, in order to provide credible and trustworthy answers to the following research questions, namely, 1) To what extent do teachers implement social constructivist-based learning environments, required by the revised National Curriculum Statement, in Grade 9 Natural Science classes? 2) Do different levels of congruence of students' experienced (i.e., actual) and preferred learning environments in selected Grade 9 classrooms occur and, if so, why? 3) Does the students' background, described in terms of their socio-economic status, influence their perceptions of their learning environment? 4) What is the influence of social constructivist-based learning environments in promoting student outcomes of attitude toward science, achievement, and gender equity in three socio-economic contexts? For the QUAN phase, a newly developed instrument, the'Social Constructivist Learning Environment Survey (SCLES)'was developed. The questionnaire assessed students' perceptions of six aspects of the learning environment. Four of the aspects were assessed using dimensions that were adopted and adapted from past learning environment questionnaires (namely, Scientific Investigations, Personal Relevance, Collaboration, Critical Voice and Uncertainty in Science). Two dimensions were developed specifically for the present study in order to contextualize the questionnaire to the requirements of the new curriculum (namely, Metacognition and Respect for Difference). The student outcome, Attitude toward Science, was taken directly from one of the Test of Science-Related Attitudes (TOSRA), and an achievement test was developed to assess the skills related to the drawing of straight line graphs, as well as predicting from and interpreting information from a straight line graph. iii After the pilot study of the questionnaire and subsequent modifications to it, data were collected from a random sample meticulously chosen to reflect the heterogenous nature of schools in the Western Cape Province. The sample was stratified according to the education districts that the schools were located in, and the SES of the schools. This method of selecting the sample'as recommended by Creswell (2003)'ensured a total random stratified sample of 1955 Grade 9 Natural Science students in one class in 52 schools representative of urban and public schools in the Western Cape Province, South Africa. The results show, first, that SCLES and the Attitude toward Science scale were valid and reliable, suggesting that SCLES can be used with confidence in Grade 9 Natural Science classes. Second, in order to describe the 52 classes using SCLES, a one-way MANOVA and effect sizes showed that students preferred a more positive learning environment than the one that they presently perceived on all six SCLES scales. These results highlight educationally important differences between students' perceptions of the actual and preferred learning environments in classrooms. Third, students' perceptions were compared by SES using a one-way MANOVA, as well as a Tukey HSD post hoc test. These results highlight that SES is a factor that is influential in describing differences between students' actual and preferred learning environment, as well as Attitude toward Science and achievement. Fourth, associations between SCLES, and the three student outcomes were examined. The scale Attitudes toward Science and the achievement test were examined using simple correlation and multiple regression analyses, while gender equity was examined using one-way MANOVA for repeated measures. These results crucially suggest that in order for teachers to maximize the student outcomes, they should be sensitive to dimensions perceived as important by students in different SES contexts, as there is no 'one size fits all' approach to teaching in a social constructivist learning environment. The study offers important implications and recommendations to teachers and policy-makers regarding social constructivist learning environments, as well as fruitful avenues for further research.

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7

Simpeh, Frederick. "Current maintenance strategies of university building facilities in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1048.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Technology: Construction Management (Facility Management) Department of Construction Management and Quantity Surveying In the Faculty of Engineering At the Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013
Universities generally have low budgets for building maintenance and this reality, often aggravated by further reductions, results in a decline in the condition and performance of buildings. This particular research investigated the current building maintenance strategies of Cape Peninsula University of Technology (CPUT). The aim of the research was to develop improvement, prioritisation and involvement strategies to guide the maintenance of the performance parameters of the lecture theatres to ensure a performance level that meets the satisfaction of students, thereby promoting their learning experience. A mixed research design was used for the main study. A “case study” approach was adopted. CPUT was selected and three lecture theatres were selected as the cases for the research study. An exploratory study was carried out at the initial stage of the study, helping to formulate the research question and objectives for the main study. Observations, interviews and questionnaires were used to collect the primary data for the main study. A total of 430 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 283 representing a response rate of 65.8% were duly completed and returned. Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) model together with both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyse the data. The findings revealed that the performance of lecture theatres affects learning experience, and that all identified performance parameters were important to students’ learning experience. However, lighting, structural safety, ventilation and cleanliness were more highly ranked than fire safety & exit and aesthetics. It also became evident that, while all the performance parameters appeared to be underperforming, the performance of structural safety and lighting seemed satisfactory in all the lecture theatres, whereas ventilation, temperature, fire safety & exit (particularly old lecture theatres) and sound control were clearly underperforming. Furthermore, the study revealed that students are not involved in the maintenance management process of the lecture theatres whereas their involvement could ensure their satisfaction. Students perceived that instituting maintenance coordinators would be the most effective way of ensuring their involvement, followed by placing suggestion box in the department, or possibly organising forums at departmental level. To achieve better lecture theatre performance, the CPUT maintenance department needs to improve on the HVAC system (ventilation and temperature), fire safety & exit (particularly old lecture theatres) and sound control but without neglecting the other performance parameters. A further study to include teaching staff, additional lecture theatres and more parameters is highly recommended as it will provide a broader perspective to further help the CPUT maintenance department better maintain the lecture theatres.

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8

Dion, Roger Eugene. "Researching the educational setting for quality data : the case of an 18-school research project in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21421.

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Bibliography: pages 48-50.
Through the analysis of an 18-school research project that was conducted in the Western Cape in 1994, the aim of this report is to emphasize the need for and importance of effectively researching the educational setting in order to obtain quality data. This task will take the form of a general discussion concerning "what information..." should be collected and "how..." it should be "collected, analyzed, and interpreted" from the perspective that it is "critical to remember that decision-makers require information to be provided promptly... in order to make informed policy decisions" (Ross & Postlethwaite, 1992:1-2).

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9

Esau, Charlene Alicia Gladys. "Prevention and management of occupational injuries at selected higher eduction institution in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1543.

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Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology Occupational Health Nursing in the Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology 2015
Purpose of study: The purpose of this study was to explore the injury on duty prevention and management strategies that are currently used in different higher education settings. The study intended to shed light on specific areas of policy and practice discrepancies related to the disjuncture between employee interactions, regulated directives and organizational goals. Aims and objectives: One of the aims was to determine the types of work-related injuries that occur in HEI’s by verifying the injuries reported on Employers Reports of an Accident. A second aim was to examine strategies that have been put in place to prevent injuries in the workplace by reviewing policies and procedures related to injury prevention. The final aim was to examine systems in-place to manage occupational injuries by looking at staff health or employee wellness service flow charts or models used at the HEIs. Population and sample: Permanently employed personnel at two HEI’s in the Western Cape were participants in a multiple case study. The sample units consisted of health and safety representatives, human resources, maintenance personnel, estates and custodial, traffic services and departmental managers. Methodology: This study applied a mixed-method using a multiple case study design as an approach to the enquiry. Methods of data collection: Documents, questionnaires, and semi-structured interviews were be used to obtain data to answer the research questions. Process of analysis: Qualitative and quantitative themes will be analysed in a matrix. The three data sources were triangulated to validate the findings. Benefits of the study: Injury prevention benefits the employer and employee in many ways, including increased employee performance leading to increased productivity as well as cost savings. Main findings: Injuries that were reported are mostly musculoskeletal injuries; however other types of injuries may not be reported due to under reporting of injuries being common in this setting. Health and safety training and knowledge sharing was not well supported and injury prevention strategies were not optimized. The application of health and safety policies and procedures were not adequately communicated, enforced or monitored. Staff health and employee wellness strategies operate independently and do not facilitate a coordinated response to manage occupational injuries in this setting. Lack of monitoring, organizational support, training and knowledge sharing and communication were the four main challenges to injury prevention management systems. Conclusions: The implementation of an effective injury prevention and management programme could benefit the organization and translate into increased operational value (organizational quality). Key words: Higher Education Institutions, Occupational Injury prevention, Management of occupational injury.

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10

Borrageiro, Filomena. "Clinical learning environment and supervision : student Nurses experiences within private health care settings in the Western Cape." Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/86616.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2014.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Background - Student nurses indicated that the clinical environment was not conducive to learning because they were part of the ward staff ratio and clinical supervision was inadequate. Upon observations by the researcher and feedback from student nurses’ a study was planned to identify the clinical experiences and supervision. The study itself was conducted within private health care settings in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. Objectives - The objective of this study was to determine the experiences of student nurses of the clinical learning environment. To also identify the support and clinical supervision that the student nurses received from ward staff, clinical facilitators and lecturers. Methods and analysis - The CLES+T is a reliable and valid evaluation scale for the gathering of information on the clinical learning environment and supervision of student nurses. The CLES+T evaluation scale was completed by 234 student nurses within the selected sites. A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted by making use of the CLES+T evaluation scale. The CLES+T evaluation scale is subdivided into three main sections with additional sub-sections: (1) the Learning environment, (2) the Supervisory relationship and (3) the Role of the nurse teacher (lecturer). Results - The clinical learning environment was experienced as mostly positive by the student nurses; however the format and type of clinical accompaniment and supervision students received varied. Conclusion - This study gave valuable insights into the status of the clinical learning environment, the clinical accompaniment and supervision of student nurses which can be useful to the nursing school in order to enhance existing nursing programmes.

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11

Riffel, Alvin Daniel. "Effects of a dialogical argumentation based instruction on grade 9 learners' conceptions of a meteorological concept: Cold Fronts in the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, University of Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6262_1384164748.

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This study looks at the effects of a dialogical argumentation instructional model (DAIM) on grade 9 learners understanding of selected meteorological concepts: Cold fronts in the Western Cape of South Africa. Using a quasi-experimental research design model, the study employed both quantitative and qualitative (so-called &lsquo
mixed methods&rsquo
) to collect data in a public secondary school in Cape Town, in the Western Cape Province. A survey questionnaire on attitudes and perceptions towards high school as well as conceptions of weather was administered before the main study to give the researcher baseline information and to develop pilot instruments to use in the main study.

The study employed a dialogical instructional model (DAIM) with an experimental group of learners exposed to the intervention, and recorded differences from a control group which had no intervention. Learners from the two groups were exposed to a meteorological literacy test evaluation before and after the DAIM intervention. The results from the two groups were then compared and analysed according to the two theoretical frameworks that underpin the study namely: Toulmin&rsquo
s Argumentation Pattern - TAP (Toulmin, 1958) and Contiguity Argumentation Theory - CAT (Ogunniyi, 1997).

Further analyses were conducted on learners&rsquo
beliefs and indigenous knowledge, according to their conceptual understanding of weather related concepts used in the current NCS (National Curriculum Statement).
After completing the study some interesting findings were made and based on these findings certain recommendations were suggested on how to implement a DAIM-model into classroom teaching using Indigenous Knowledge (IK). These recommendations are suggestions to plot the way towards developing a science&ndash
IK curriculum for the Natural Sciences subjects in South African schools.

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12

Bosch, Ronel. "The perceptions of adolescents of an adventure-based education programme." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/591.

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Van, der Schyff Sedick. "Men's attitudes and responses to the Gender Equity Strategy at South African Nylon Spinner Polymer Plant (2002-2004): Implications for an education and training intervention." University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This study investigated the attitudes and responses of male employees to the implemention of the Gender Equity Strategy and considered the implementation for the development of a gender education and training intervention. The study investigated the initial resistance to the introduction and implementation of the Gender Equity Strategy at the Polymer Plant by male employees.

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14

Baxter, Andrew James. "Late quaternary palaeoenvironments of the Sandveld, Western Cape Province, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13880.

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Summary in English.
Bibliography: leaves 263-292.
This thesis presents new palaeoenvironmental evidence from the semi-arid lowlands of the West Coast Sandveld, which prompts a fresh synthesis as to the nature of late Quaternary environmental changes in the southwestern Cape's fynbos biome. The study is centred on Verlorenvlei, a remote coastal lake and swamp system which is ideally situated to investigate the complex interactions between late Holocene climate change, vegetation change, sea-level fluctuation, lacustrine/estuarine/fluvial sedimentology and human activity in the Sandveld region. In addition, this region of the West Coast has provided Quaternary scientists with a rich archaeological record against which independent lines of palaeoecological evidence can be evaluated. In support of the study, a wide range of palaeoenvironmental techniques has been applied to sediments sampled from the Verlorenvlei area. Organogenic deposits have been radiocarbondated and subjected to pollen analysis and assorted sedimentological and geoarchaeological assessments. Preliminary fossil pollen data from Elands Bay Cave, assembled for the period following the Last Glacial Maximum until approximately the terminal Pleistocene, are suggestive of moister and possibly cooler conditions in the Sandveld at this time. This is in contrast to prevailing evidence from the summer rainfall region of the subcontinent. Particle size analysis and an assessment of the in situ fossil Mollusca from vibracores, derived from the estuarine reaches of Verlorenvlei, reveal substantive evidence for rapid sea-level fluctuations along the West Coast during the mid-Holocene. Further inland, several mid-Holocene higher sea-levels are reflected in the palynology of lacustrine cores derived from Grootdrift and Klaarfontein. Detailed pollen diagrams, presented from Grootdrift, Klaarfontein, Muisbosskerm and Spring Cave, reflect the regional vegetation history during several periods over the last 7 000 years. There is convincing evidence from these data that the first half of the Holocene - commensurate with the Holocene hypsithermal - was associated with reduced moisture availability, and hence arid conditions along the West Coast. By contrast, there is evidence from the latter half of the Holocene that conditions ameliorated in the Sandveld around 3 000 BP and that moisture was, at this time more freely available. Following a hiatus in sedimentation some time after 4 000 BP, marine conditions are no longer visible in Verlorenvlei, having been replaced by fresh water as the dominant hydrological regime. A high resolution palynological investigation of the Grootdrift wetland sediments has contributed to a detailed palaeolimnological reconstruction of the upper Verlorenvlei system since the time of colonial expansion into the area, some 300 years ago. The picture reveals a sequence of rapid ecological changes in the face of progressive human disturbance. Arising from these insights, a number of recommendations for the management of dryland aquatic ecosystems such as Verlorenvlei, are presented. The significance of these late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental changes, in terms of the biogeography of plants and animals and also in terms of human occupation of the region, is examined.

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15

Nekhwevha, Fhulufhuwani Hastings. "The 1985 school crisis in the Western Cape." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14286.

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Includes bibliography.
The thesis is an exploratory and primarily empirical study with the objective to construct a detailed chronology of the events of the 1985 school crisis particularly in African schools in the Western Cape and to reflect on the relationship between the school crisis and the organic crisis in South Africa and the Western Cape in particular. The data for the thesis were derived from primary and secondary documentary sources and in-depth interview material. A total of 51 interviewees were selected principally on the basis of the specific role they played particularly within the Department of Education and Training institutions as well as in community, political, workers', parents', teachers' and student organisations during the 1985 school crisis in the Western cape. Interviews were open-ended with a semi-structured interview schedule which consisted of topical headings. The thesis's theoretical framework was informed by Gramsci's Marxism am the key concepts employed in the analysis included Gramsci's notions of hegemony and organic crisis as well as Freire's concept of conscientisation. Utilising Gramsci's Marxism, the historical transformations in economic, political and ideological spheres which affected the development of student struggles and the crisis in the Department of Education and Training schools in 1985 were examined. Chapter 1 deals with .the 'Total strategy' as a form of state "formative action" to overcome the general crisis. It also documents in chronological order the main events of the school boycotts and both political and economic struggles on a national level from 1953 to 1984 and early 1985 in order to provide a sound background for the 1985 school crisis in the Western Cape. Chapter 2 which is offered as an empirical contribution to sociology of education covers a series of complex events and processes which constituted the core of the 1985 school crisis in the Western Cape in a chronological order. In the conclusion, Gramsci's concepts of 'hegemony' and 'organic crisis' supplemented by Freire's notion of conscientisation were directly utilised to analyse the slogan 'People's education for people's power'. One crucial observation explicit in the thesis am expressed through verbatim interview extracts was that the school crisis could only be resolved when the apartheid capitalist system in its entirety has been abolished.

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16

Govender, Kamal. "The effect of development on seasonal wetlands on the Cape Flats, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/14638.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 101-113).
Seven decades ago, the pre-eminent limnologist, Miss Edith Stephens described the Cape Flats as "a paradise for the aquatic biologist". At that time the area was characterised by numerous temporary or seasonal wetlands that filled and dried in concert with the seasons. Since Miss Stephen's observations, the number of seasonal wetlands on the Cape Flats has dwindled alarmingly and very few remain. This dissertation attempts to account for this and provide guidance for the management of the remaining seasonal wetlands. The dissertation shows how development (characterised by the urban and agricultural land-use) has radically altered the nature of seasonal wetlands and that Typha capensis can be used as an indicator of the ecological value or integrity of these wetlands. Two case studies have been selected to test this premise. The various interrelationships between vegetation, hydrology, nutrients, land-use and ecological value are explored and the proliferation of wetland communities of Typha capensis is shown to be an indicator of negative impacts on seasonal wetlands. The literature review indicates that the proliferation of Typha capensis signifies a decline in habitat diversity and biodiversity (species richness). Typha capensis has been shown to be influenced by streamflow and nutrient input (the plant thrives in shallow areas, permanently inundated with nutrient-rich waters). Therefore, changes to the total area occupied by Typha capensis can be used to illustrate how development has affected the hydrology, habitat diversity, biodiversity and ecological value of seasonal wetlands. The primary source of information was aerial photography, of varying scales, dated from the early 1940s to 2000 and acquired from the Department of Land Affairs: Land Surveys and Mapping. Identifying, mapping and interpreting land-use changes and changes to Typha capensis formed the basis of the research. Water chemistry information, obtained from the Scientific Services Department of the City of Cape Town, and an extensive literature review supplemented the photographic information. Zeekoevlei / Rondevlei wetland and the Khayelitsha wetlands are used as case studies. Together they have been affected by a significant range of impacts generated by different manifestations of development including Wastewater Treatment Works, high-income residential areas, catchment hardening, manipulation of drainage patterns, informal settlement, informal grazing, agricultural runoff and horticultural market gardens. The pattern of land-use change within the selected wetlands' catchments (Lotus River catchment and Kuils River catchment), the impacts of the observed land-use changes, and the impacts to Zeekoevlei / Rondevlei and the Khayelitsha wetlands with respect to seasonality, Typha capensis and ecological value are presented and discussed in detail. In general, urban areas have increased over time to dominate the two catchments. Agricultural areas were consolidated into a few areas while the areas of open space diminished rapidly. Surface and stormwater runoff from "hardened" catchments, irrigation of farmland, and treated effluent from Wastewater Treatment Works all drastically increased, In addition, the concomitant influx of nutrients (nitrates, nitrites and phosphorus) polluted the rivers and wetlands, making them eutrophic and promoting the proliferation of large stands of Typha capensis. The impact of these changes was the loss of seasonality, habitat diversity and biodiversity. Specific recommendations are made for the long term management of Zeekoevlei, Rondevlei and the Khayelitsha wetlands. The proposed management strategy is based on selected management objectives i.e. what is the wetland being managed for? It might not be possible to fully rehabilitate them to a pristine state but management as recreational areas, conservation areas and even educational areas is possible. Key points of the recommended management plans include: * maintaining the winter drawdowns at Zeekoevlei / Rondevlei; * implementation of a dredging and Typha clearing programme; * strategically placed reed beds to purify inflow; * a fire programme for the Khayelitsha wetlands; and * instating an environmental awareness course at the Khayelitsha wetlands. The importance of an Integrated Catchment Management Plan is emphasised. Catchments should be managed as a whole, recognising the relationships between planning, land-use and water resources.

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17

Madonsela, Benett Siyabonga. "Assessment of environmental exposure to air pollution within four neighbourhoods of the Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2825.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2019.
Background: A recent review on the effects of ambient air pollution on human health in sub-Saharan Africa, specifically calls for an urgent need for more epidemiological studies in developing countries due to a lack of data in these countries. Air pollution information on exposure is important for understanding and addressing its public health impact in developing countries. In many African countries, the spatial distribution of air pollutants has not been quantified even though air pollution is a global public health risk. The main goal of the study was to quantify and compare the seasonal spatial variation of household air pollution in the 4 Western Cape neighbourhoods. Methods: Weekly indoor and outdoor measurements of Particulate Matter (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Ozone (O3), Carbon monoxide (CO) and Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were conducted at 127 households in four informal settlement areas (Khayelitsha, Marconi-Beam, Masiphumulele and Oudtshoorn) during one month each in summer and winter. PM2.5 measurements were conducted using Mesa Labs GK2.05 (KTL) cyclone with the GilAir Plus Air Sampling Pump, Gases were measured using Passam passive samplers. Statistical analyses were performed using Stata V12. Simple linear regression was used to evaluate the relationship between continuous exposure levels and the respective predictor variables. These include distance to major roads, bus routes, open grills and waste burning sites. Results: The highest average weekly outdoor PM2.5 and NO2 concentrations for summer were recorded in Milnerton (8.76 µg/m3 and 16.32 µg/m3 respectively). However, the highest average concentrations during winter for PM2.5 were recorded in Oudtshoorn (PM2.5: 16.07 µg/m3), whilst the highest NO2, was recorded in Khayelitsha (NO2: 35.69 µg/m3). SO2 levels were consistently low during both seasons. Noordhoek generally recorded the lowest average levels for all pollutants. Winter average weekly concentrations were generally higher than the levels recorded in summer for all pollutants. In a sub-sample of indoor and outdoor measurements, the results were comparable for PM2.5, NO2 and CO. However, the results of Ozone (O3) showed relatively higher (~10 times) outdoor compared to indoor levels. Linear regression modelling results revealed that significant predictors of elevated exposure to PM2.5 were proximity to construction activities and open grills. Analysis demonstrated a clear dose-response relationship with distance, with open grills within 1000m associated with a 0.33 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5 to 6.77 µg/m3 at a distance of 25 meters. Results from the linear regression modelling revealed that significant predictors of exposure to NO2 were proximity to rapid transport bus stops, bus routes, taxi routes and major routes. Distance to rapid transport bus stops demonstrated an increase in NO2 between 0.09 µg/m3 (at 1km) to 2.16 µg/m3 (at 50m) during summer. A similar pattern was observed for taxi routes and bus routes displaying an increase of 6.26 μg/m3and 6.82 μg/m3 respectively within the proximity of 1000 meters.
MAUERBERGER Foundation Scholarship

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18

Hubbard, Nicola N. "Holocene settlement strategies in the Western Cape, South Africa : an environmental approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254006.

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19

Raliselo, 'Muso Andreas. "Camelthorn (Acacia erioloba) firewood industry in Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53318.

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Thesis (MFor)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The reliance of firewood demand on indigenous trees such as Acacia erioloba is a continuing phenomena despite the concern that over-exploitation of these resources will degrade the environment. This study tested the hypothesis that the cutting of A. erioloba in the Northern Cape is driven by (a) market demand in the Western Cape, (b) ignorance of the long-term ecological consequences and/or (c) ignorance of legislation along the chain of custody of this product. The assumption is that whoever is involved in the A. erioloba firewood industry (resource owner, trader or user) is neither aware of the protected status of the resource nor the negative consequences associated with the over-exploitation of the resource or they are driven by short term monetary gains. Therefore, there is a need to understand the needs of every participant in the chain and to further find out if there may be substitutes for A. erioloba firewood. The results of this study show that there is a market for firewood in the study area and that this demand is driven mainly by the availability rather than the quality of firewood. It will also be shown that Acacia mearnsii which is available in the study area is a better product than A. erioloba and therefore it can be a suitable replacement but consumers were found to bum almost everything that would give them embers. The most preferred firewood in the study area is A. cyclops. The concept of indigenous trees is not clearly understood by retailers and consumers. The major role players in the supply chain were found to be the retailers and the transport owners who may be targeted when firewood trade is to be stopped in the short-term. The results further highlighted the fact that the majority of consumers were aware that indigenous trees were protected in South Africa but the majority of retailers were not aware. The study recommends that firewood trade should be stopped completely by strict enforcement of the law or by the involvement of every role-player and/or that the trade should be regulated.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die fenomeen dat die aanvraag vir vuurmaakhout staatmaak op inheemse bome soos Acacia erioloba duur steeds voort ten spyte van die kommer dat oorbenutting van hierdie hulpbronne, ter versadiging van die behoeftes van 'n steeds toenemende populasie, die omgewing sal degradeer. Hierdie studie het die hipotese getoets dat die afsny van A. erioloba in die Noord- Kaap aangedryf word deur (a) die mark aanvraag in die Wes-Kaap, (b) onkunde oor die langtermyn ekologiese gevolge en/of (c) onkunde oor die wetgewing van hierdie produk by die skakels in die verskaffersketting. Die aanname is dat wie ook al betrokke is by die A. erioloba vuurmaakhout-industrie (hulpbron eienaar, handelaar of gebruiker) is beide onbewus van die beskermde status van die hulpbron asook van die negatiewe gevolge geassosieer met die oorbenutting van die hulpbron of hulle is aangedryf deur korttermyn monetêre gewin. Daarom is dit nodig om die behoefte van elke deelnemer in die ketting te verstaan en om verder uit te vind of daar plaasvervangers vir A. erioloba vuurmaakhout is. Die resultate van hierdie studie toon dat daar 'n aanvraag is vir vuurmaakhout in die studie-area en dat hierdie aanvraag hoofsaaklik gedryf word deur die beskikbaarheid, eerder as die kwaliteit van die hout. Daar salook aangetoon word dat Acacia mearnsii, wat in die studie-area beskikbaar is, 'n beter produk is as A. erioloba en dus 'n geskikte plaasvervanger kan wees, maar dit wil voorkom of die verbruikers omtrent enigiets sal brand wat kole sal verskaf. A. cyclops is die vuurmaakhout van voorkeur in die studie-area. Handelaars en verbruikers verstaan nie die konsep van inheemse bome duidelik nie. Die vernaamste rolspelers in die verskaffersketting is die handelaars en die eienaars van die vervoer en hulle kan die teikengroep wees as die handel in vuurmaakhout in die korttermyn stopgesit word. Die resultate het verder na vore gebring dat die meerderheid verbruikers daarvan bewus is dat inheemse bome beskermd is in Suid-Afrika, maar die meerderheid handelaars is nie hiervan bewus me. Hierdie studie maak die aanbeveling dat handel in vuurmaakhout totaal gestaak moet word deur strenger wette of deur die betrokkenheid van elke rolspeler en/of dat handel gereguleer moet word.

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20

De, Waal Trevor Garfield. "Curriculum 2005: challenges facing teachers in historically disadvantaged schools in the Western Cape." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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The quest for change in the new South Africa on political , economical and social frontiers were primarily directed at entrance into the global markets, establishing democracy and leveling the playing fields amongst South Africa&rsquo
s diverse population. Those previously disenfranchised on political, economical and social grounds waited in anticipation on the rewards for their participation in the struggle against the discriminative minority regime of the past. These rewards would be in the form of radical policy changes sometimes far removed from the realities of the ordinary citizen. These reforms especially those on the educational level would prove to be flawed with constraints not anticipated by these policy developers as well as the government of the day. The educational transformation process was thus deemed as significant in order to address equity and equality and in so doing also provide skilled citizens which are able to be globally competitive.

These educational changes in terms of schools were externalised in the form of Curriculum 2005 and Outcomes-based Education. Curriculum 2005 was viewed as a planned framework (process) of curriculum innovation underpinned by factors such as redress, access, equity and development. Outcomes-based Education in turn was the approach focusing on what is learned and how learning is taken place. This study will focus on Curriculum 2005 and OBE as education transformation tools and to what extent grade 7 teachers as implementers and modifiers understand and practice C2005 and OBE in their respective classrooms. One of the biggest problems facing the educational transformation process is the fact that there exists a gap between theory (policy) and practice (implementation). This gap can be attributed to different factors present in the historical disadvantaged school context in South Africa.

This study will follow a qualitative approach which is directed at an inquiry process of understanding based on a distinct methodological approach. Data- gathering tools such as direct observation, structured interviews and questionnaires will be used. The research was primarily conducted in historically disadvantaged schools in the Metropole-east circuit of the Western Cape Educational Department. The sample was made up of schools in Macassar, Firgrove, Somerset-West, Strand, Temperance Town and Sir Lowry&rsquo
s Pass.

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21

Abba, Omar Sabina. "Understanding the characteristics of cut-off lows over the Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32478.

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Cut-off lows (COLs) are an important rainfall source in the Western Cape. While several studies have examined the devastating impacts of COLs during extreme rainfall events, little is known about the characteristics of COLs during droughts and how the characteristics are influenced by the South African complex topography. This thesis investigates the interannual variability of COLs and COL precipitation over Western Cape, with a focus on the 2015 - 2017 drought that affected the region and examines how well climate models simulate the variability. It also studies how the complex topography of South Africa influences the COLs characteristics. Four types of datasets (observation, satellite, reanalysis, and simulation) were analysed for the thesis. The observation, satellite and reanalysis data were analysed from the period 1979-2017, while two simulations were performed using a regional climate model (called WRF) and a variable grid model (called MPAS) for the period 2007-2017. A COL tracking algorithm was used to extract all the COLs that occurred in the vicinity of the Western Cape during the study periods. The Self Organising Map (SOM) was used to classify the COLs into groups based on their precipitation patterns. The upper-air data was analysed to study the characteristics of the COLs in each group. To examine the role of topography on COLs, WRF was applied to simulate three COLs over real and three idealised terrains (i.e. "no topography", "only-west-topography" and "only east topography"). The results show that, on average, the Western Cape experiences 10 COLs per year and the COLs contribute about 11% of the annual precipitation over the province, although with a large interannual variability. In 2015 and 2016, the COLs occurred more frequently than normal, with more than normal precipitation contribution, thereby reducing the drought severity in the two years. Contrarily, in 2017, the COL frequency and precipitation contribution were less than normal, because COLs were mainly seen further south. Nevertheless, we found that an increase in annual COL frequency does not always lead to an increase in the annual COL precipitation, because the COLs produce different amounts of precipitation. More than 45% of the COLs over the Western Cape produces little or no precipitation. The SOM results reveal that the spatial distribution of COL iv precipitation can be grouped into four major patterns. The first pattern indicates precipitation over the entire Western Cape while the second shows little or no precipitation; the third and fourth patterns feature precipitation over south-east coast and south-west coast, respectively. The major difference between the first pattern (i.e. wet cols) and the second pattern (dry COLs) is that while the wet COL is associated with a southward transport of warm and moist tropical air towards the Western Cape, the dry COL is not. Hence, the contrast between the warm and cold air mass is weaker in dry COLs than in its wet counterpart. The models (WRF and MPAS) capture the seasonal and annual climatologies of COLs and their precipitation. However, they do not always capture the inter-annual variability, with WRF outperforming MPAS in general and during the drought period. Both models represented all the COL precipitation patterns well but under-estimated the frequency of dry COLs throughout the seasons. However, the models were able to simulate the general observed differences between dry and wet COLs. WRF simulation shows that topography influences the precipitation, track, formation and vertical structure of COLs. Topography provides the additional forcing needed for COL formation. The results of this study may be applied to improve monitoring and prediction of extreme rainfall events over the Western Cape.

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22

Salie, Nazli. "The utilization of a partnership to provide quality education to a historically disadvantaged primary school in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_7765_1177919452.

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Eleven years into the South African democracy there are still huge challenges facing South African public schools, especially with regard to the notions of equity and redress. Increasingly historically advantaged and disadvantaged South African schools are entering into partnerships in an attempts to address the challenges facing them. This study focused on one such a partnership between two primary schools in an attempt to ascertain whether partnerships can in fact improve the situation.

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23

Wilson, Daphne May. "The African adult education movement in the Western Cape from 1945 to 1967 in the context of its socio-economic and political background." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20146.

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Bibliography: pages 310-325.
At the end of World War II, volunteers from the University of Cape Town began literacy and post-literacy evening classes for African adults near the Blouvlei squatter settlement in Retreat. From this small beginning a significant voluntary adult education movement developed until, at the peak of its expansion, there were night schools located at fourteen different sites in the Cape Peninsula from Sea Point to Simonstown. The thesis studies the twenty-three year lifespan of this movement which provided tuition at both primary and secondary level and from 1950 called itself the "Cape Non-European Night Schools Association" (CNENSA). The history of the organisation deals chronologically with three distinct periods: (1) 1945-1948, the opening phase, when in the aftermath of a Commission of Enquiry into adult education, volunteer groups undertaking adult night classes were encouraged and were granted small subsidies; (2) 1949-1957, a period of continuing and rapid expansion; (3) 1958-1967, the years in which the government reduced, restricted and finally eliminated all the CNENSA's schools. While the movement is studied with regard to its educational programme, choice of subjects, curricula, text-books and general organisation, much of the central interest derives from an examination of its origin and operation in relation to the political and socio-economic developments in the country. The study is thus concerned with the causes of African poverty and illiteracy and the continuous backdrop of major external events during the existence of the Association. In the inter-relatedness of the two historical themes thus pursued, the participants in the education movement, both teachers and pupils, are seen to reflect the wider society, and the study in its broad survey refers to many events of profound historical significance; these include the setting up of Bantu Education and the other pillars of apartheid, the development of major protest organisations and trade unions, the staging of the Civil Disobedience Campaign and the Congress of the People, the events at Sharpeville and in Langa in 1960 and the eventual emergence of underground movements and armed resistance. There is a strong focus on the motives and attitudes of both the learners and teachers in the movement and on their perceptions of their times and of each other. In this respect an interesting liberal-radical continuum is seen running right through the history of the Association. In the concluding chapters, to question the evidence from an alternative viewpoint before final evaluations are made, the work of the CNENSA is examined in the light of a Paulo Freirian perspective.

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24

De, Waal Jan Hofmeyr. "Extreme rainfall distributions : analysing change in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71654.

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Thesis (MSc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
Severe floods in the Western Cape have caused significant damage to hydraulic structures, roads and other infrastructure over the past decade. The current design criteria for these structures and flood return level calculations are based on the concept of stationarity, which assumes that natural systems vary within an envelope of variability that does not change with time. In the context of regional climate change and projected changes in rainfall intensity, the basis for these calculations may become unrealistic with the passage of time. Hydraulic structures and other infrastructure may become more vulnerable to damaging floods because of changing hydroclimatic conditions. This project assesses the changes in extreme rainfall values over time across the Western Cape, South Africa. Using a Generalised Pareto Distribution, this study examines the changes in return levels across the Western Cape region for the periods 1900-1954 and 1955-2010. Of the 137 rainfall stations used in this research, 85 (62%) showed an increase in 50-year return level, 30 (22%) a decrease in 50-year return level and 22 (16%) stations displayed little change in rainfall intensity over time. While there were no clear spatial patterns to the results, they clearly indicate an increase in frequency of intense rainfalls in the latter half of the 20th and early 21st century. The changes in return level are also accompanied by a change in the frequency of high intensity 2-3 day long storms. 115 (84%) of the 137 rainfall stations showed an increase in the frequency of long duration, high intensity storms over the data record. This change generates a shifting risk profile of extreme rainfalls, which, in turn, creates challenges for the design of hydraulic structures and any infrastructure exposed to the resulting damaging floods. It can therefore be argued that it is inappropriate to design structures or manage water resources assuming stationarity of climate and that these principles should be assessed in order to reduce the risk of flood damage owing to increasing storm intensity. KEY WORDS Flood Risk, Stationarity, Disaster Risk, Hazard, Extreme Rainfall, Generalized Pareto Distribution, Climate

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25

Matthews, Brenda Marian Frederica. "An exploratory study of aspects on environmental conditions associated with alcohol and drug abuse and criminal behaviour." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Universally it has been reported that the fundamental change in or breakdown of traditional patterns of family living is a major cause of juvenile crime around the world. Researchers argue althought sequential violence may originate from certain important social and historical conditions - substance abuse primarily fules the cycle of violence. The major causes of delinquency in various countries are related to each nation's economic and social environment. The present study took place in the Correctional Services of the Boland Overberg region. The study aimed to examine the impact of risk factors (environmental conditions) and it's contribution to substance abuse and to determine how these risk factors and the prevalance of substance abuse contributes to criminality.

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26

Mobarak, Kaashiefa. "An analysis of university policy responses in the Western Cape to government policy on the recognition of prior learning." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7581_1183469893.

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The South African government plays a direct and active role in facilitation the development of a skilled workforce. The effective mobilisation, development and utilisation of South Africa's human resource capacity are critical for the success of the economy, institution building and the transformation process. In this context, the development of a system of Recognition of Prior Learning is one of the government's significant initiatives. This research examined whether the policy documents of the universities in the Western Cape comply with the requirements of the National Government Recognition of Prior Learning policy.

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27

Winter, Kevin John. "An evaluation of community-based environmental initiatives at Betty's Bay, Western Cape, South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4820.

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28

Larney, Redewan. "ABET programmes at community learning centres in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6055_1194348734.

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The problem that gave rise to this study was to determine how Adult Basic Education and Training (ABET) was implemented in the Western Cape and to find answers to the question of "
what exactly is the nature of the relationship between adult education and training"
?

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29

Tondhlana, Lawrence. "Factors affecting environmental sustainability of the downstream oil industry in Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2709.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
The oil industry has been a major contributor to economic development in many countries; providing jobs, revenue, infrastructure and businesses to third parties. However, this development has also come with adversity on the physical environment. The oil industry accounts for the highest Green House Gas (GHG) emissions in the world, making it the number one polluter. In addition, South Africa has been regarded as the biggest polluter in Africa, with fossil-based fuel cited as the major cause of environmental degradation. South Africa’s physical environment is also cited as having degraded more than most countries in Africa. This proposition requires players in the oil industry to urgently address this situation. As the future of economic development is likely to be spearheaded by the oil industry, concerns have been raised at the slow rate of addressing oil companies’ operations which causes the environment to be less sustainable. This study uses a qualitative content analysis to explore the oil companies’ actions towards addressing environmental adversity caused by their unsustainable operations. In order to be environmental sustainable, oil companies must; incorporate environmental sustainability into missions and visions, financial investment into sustainable initiatives, involve top management in environmental programs, engage stakeholder, comply and align organisational processes and operations with environmental legislations and introducing renewable energy.

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30

Molebatsi, Lemogang. "Nutrient fluxes within the Berg River from 1976 to 2017, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31060.

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Deterioration of freshwater systems due to eutrophication is increasingly a global concern because it puts stress on the already limited freshwater systems. Eutrophication is caused by elevated levels of nutrients in river systems primarily from poor land management whereby excess nutrients are discharged into fresh water bodies. It is exacerbated by factors such as human population growth, economic growth and climate change. The main aim of this study was to analyze the changes in the nutrient status of the Berg River since the 1970s and tendencies toward hypertrophic conditions. The Berg River is an important source of bulk water supply for both domestic and industrial purposes in the Western Province, South Africa. The study examined water quality data from the Department of Water and Sanitation’s Resource Quality Information Services for nine monitoring sites along the Berg River to determine the long-term trends. The data sets were analyzed using parametric statistics. The results show that nutrient levels in the Berg River are increasing at almost all the selected monitoring sites. The long term trend showed low mean values for both upstream and downstream with a peak nutrient levels observed along sections that were densely populated and extensively cultivated. Based on available total phosphorus data, all sites were classified as eutrophic except a monitoring site along the most populated and cultivated section of the Berg River which was permanently hypertrophic. Long-term mean values for total phosphorus exceed the recommended international guidelines for aquatic plant life. The long-term mean values of nitrate and nitrite also exceed the recommended guideline for aquatic plant life. Ortho-phospate mean values for the study showed that all sites experienced hypertrophic states at some stage during 1987 to 2017. Student t-test analyses confirm that nutrient concentration loads had increased in the past decade. The results confirm that anthrophogenic activities and climate change are two major drivers of change resulting in an increase in eutrophication. Therefore, serious attention should be paid to the role of anthrophogenic activites and climate change to mitigate the negative impact on freshwater systems.

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31

Smith, Janine Lynette. "Self-management strategies employed by stroke survivors in the Western Cape, South Africa." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6857.

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Magister Scientiae (Physiotherapy) - MSc(Physio)
Ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the leading causes of death and disability globally, accounting for a combined 15 million deaths. Disability following a stroke is complex and multidimensional. Disability and functioning post stroke can be conceptualized within the framework of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). The involvement of the individual in their rehabilitation and recovery is essential. Therefore, it is a necessity for individuals, particularly in a low resource setting to engage in selfmanagement activities. Bandura’s social cognitive theory based on self-efficacy, forms the basis of self-management programmes. Self-management relates to one’s ability to manage one’s consequences post stroke, and self-efficacy has been proven to be pivotal in the management and improvement of long-term conditions. The aim of the study was to explore the self-management strategies employed by stroke survivors in the Western Cape, South Africa through an exploratory, qualitative design. Prior to the commencement of the data collection phase, ethical clearance was sought from the University of the Western Cape Research Ethics Committee. Participants were recruited from an urban and rural area in the Western Cape. An interview guide was developed based on previous literature. Interview questions were related to 1) what self-management strategies were adopted to address activity limitations and participation restrictions and 2) strategies used to address environmental challenges.

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Pluddemann, Peter R. "Response to multilingualism: Language support in a Western Cape primary school." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 1996. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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Multilingualism has always been a feature of South African Education. It is only in recent years that a particular form of linguistic diversity has become unmanageable for schools implementing the official English/Afrikaans bilingual model associated with the previous regime. The subject of this study is a remedial language enrichment or support programme instituted as a response to multilingualism in the junior primary section in a parallel medium primary school in the Western Cape.

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Bridgman, Corrie. "Biodiversity and the South African wine sector: a successful blend?" Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/2789.

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Thesis (MA (Geography and Environmental Studies))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009.
The acceleration of biodiversity loss is understood to threaten the ecosystems upon which life on earth depends. Existing conservation approaches have proved insufficient to stem global biodiversity losses. Mounting evidence indicates that responsible biodiversity conservation requires an integration of ecology with economics. Accordingly, contemporary conservation interventions incorporate a concept that ecosystems and biodiversity can be used and also conserved. In South Africa, such interventions can be appropriately applied in the Cape Floristic Region (CFR), an area containing severely endangered biodiversity where land use and conservation goals rarely mesh. More than 80% of land in the CFR is privately owned, with large tracts transformed for viticulture. Conservation challenges thus include the reconciliation of wine production needs with biodiversity protection necessities. This thesis comprises a case study of the Biodiversity and Wine Initiative, an organisation that simultaneously promotes biodiversity conservation in the South African wine sector, by a process of mainstreaming within an viticultural context. The overall study aim was to improve understanding of the BWI as a mainstreaming initiative. Specifically, the area of inquiry is an investigation into how effectively the BWI has protected biodiversity in the CFR between 2005 and 2008. Individual aims were to investigate reductions in threat to biodiversity in the CFR; to assess farmer adoption levels of BWI strategy; and to formulate a sustainability appraisal of the Biodiversity and Wine Initiative. A strategic triangulation of methods was employed. Stakeholder interviews were conducted to probe adoption levels and opinions of BWI strategy. Case studies of two BWI champion estates provided data on best practice. Towards a critical appraisal of sustainability, an assessment was made of the BWI as a functioning mainstreaming model, which included case studies of two model farms.

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Czerniewicz, Laura. "Developing a framework for education policy analysis : the case of the Western Cape's textbook procurement policy." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17358.

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Bibliography: pages 105-109.
This study develops a conceptual framework for policy analysis and uses it as the basis for an analytical framework to describe the Western Cape's textbook procurement policy (WCTPP). The study starts by defining policy as a purposeful intervention with key attributes, these being: intention; action; practice; status; resources and capacity; and power. The conceptual framework attempts to answer the question, "Are there features which consistently characterise the policy-making process and do the factors which gave shape to policy consistently fall into particular categories?" The framework suggests factors which shape, locate and give rise to policy can be described in terms of contexts and frames which denote arenas within which policy can be constrained or enabled, politically and practically. The key contexts necessary for policy analysis are spatial and historical and the key frames are the frame of discourses of state, the resources/ capacity frame and the legislative/ regulatory frame. The key features characterising policy are that policy-making is characterised by fluidity and that policy is the expression of a balance or a compromise of interests. The framework is then used to develop an analytic framework for the WCTPP. The analysis attempts to answer the question, "What are the key features of this policy and what factors have shaped its emergence?" The analysis suggests that as the WCTPP was conceived, developed and translated into practice within the province, it has a coherence not always possible within an education system characterised by national/ provincial policy fragmentation. As a policy, it is shaped by the relatively well-resourced province from which it emerges. The analysis shows that resources and capacity are a factor at all the sites (department private sector suppliers and schools) involved in the state-private sector partnership that is exemplified in this policy. This policy is given form by the selective recruitment of divergent discourse of the state with two key discourses being manifest, these being that of a democratic, developmental state which sets parameters to and regulates the private sector, and a neo-liberal state, which supports free market forces. Through the legislative/regulatory frame the analysis also shows the inter-dependence of the WCTPP and other policies. The key features which characterise policy-making are portrayed as its on-going nature, and the fact that this policy represents a fragile balancing of competing interests. Educational interests harness commercial interests for educational ends. The analysis allows for a description of the policy that expresses both its functionality and its fragility. The study concludes that the framework developed provides for a dynamic iteration thus illustrating that policy analysis requires an understanding of how policy develops out of the interplay between the contexts, frames and features identified.

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Sattar, Mohamed Shaheen. "An environmental impact perspective of the management, treatment, and disposal of hazardous pharmaceutical compounds generated as medical waste at selected hospitals in Cape Town, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2012.

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Thesis (MTech (Environmental Health))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2011.
Pharmaceuticals have been formulated to influence physiological systems in humans, animals, and microbes but have never been considered as potential environmental pollutants by healthcare professionals. The human body is not a barrier to chemicals, but is permeable to it. Thus after performing their in-vivo functions, pharmaceutical compound introduced into the body, exit mainly via urine and faeces. Sewage therefore contains highly complex mixtures of chemicals in various degrees of biological potency. Sewage treatment works including those in South Africa, on the other hand, are known to be inefficient in removing drugs from sewage and consequently either the unmetabolised pharmaceutical compounds or their metabolites emerge in the environment as pollutants via several trajectories. In the environment, the excreted metabolites may even undergo regeneration to the original parent molecule under bacterial influence, resulting in "trans-vivo-pharmaceutical-pollution-cycles". Although all incinerators are known to generate toxins such dioxins and furans from the drugs they incinerate, all the medicines disposed by the hospitals under research, were incinerated, as the preferred option of disposal. The incineration process employed was found to be environmentally unsafe. Expired and unused medicines which the general public discard as municipal solid waste become landfilled. Because many landfill sites are not appropriately engineered, the unwanted drugs landfilled therein, leach into the surrounding ground water, which is the influent source of water treatment plants. Water treatment plants, including those in South Africa, are also inefficient in eliminating pharmaceutical compounds, releasing them in sub-therapeutic concentrations into potable tap water as pollutants, the full effects of which are yet to be determined.

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Naicker, Sigamoney Manicka. "An investigation into the implementation of outcomes based education in the Western Cape Province." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2000. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5229_1181560156.

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Rayners, Sharlene. "The leadership role of principals in managing HIV and AIDS at schools of the Western Cape Education Department." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_5026_1194340442.

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The HIV and AIDS epidemic is deemed the single greatest threat to South Africa's future and its growth in one of the most rapid in the world. The South African government has marked 2006 as the year of accelerated HIV and AIDS prevention. It was against this background that the leadership role of principals was articulated as the focus of this research. This study was aimed at gaining an understanding of the challenges facing school principals and of the unique role they could play in addressing the HIV and AIDS epidemic.

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Visagie, Clarence Vernon. "Die impak van onderwysers se identiteitsbasis op hul ontvang en implementering van kurrikulum 2005 in sekere verafgelee skole van die Wes-Kaap." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_7264_1255529685.

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This thesis was undertaken as an empirical study which focused on curriculum implementation in a remote geographical region in post-apartheid South Africa, known as the Overberg. The identity basis on which teachers receive and implement CUrriculum 2005 in the Overberg region, served as the cenrtal focus for undertaking this study. Accordingly, it was found that the personal, ontological, contextual, training, professional and pedagogical influences have had an impact on the composition of the identity basis of teachers in the Overberg region. The teachers received and implemented Curriculum 2005 in the light of the impact of their prior identities.

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Boonzaaier, Petrus Johannes Visser. "Multi-grade rural schools intervention in the West Coast Winelands EMDC : a case study." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2130.

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Thesis (DTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2008.
Multi-grade teaching is a worldwide phenomenon. Meeting the basic needs of rural people in developing countries is a major challenge to achieve the Millennium Development Goals of the Education for All programmes. Situation analyses carried out by Little (1995, 2001, 2003, 2004 and 2005), Juvane (2005), Taylor and Mulhalll (1997) and Atchoarena and Gasperini (2003) indicate that multi-grade schools are common in impoverished, low population settlements such as remote areas and small villages. Researchers like Berry (2001), Pratt (1986) and Bryk (1994) report evidence that multi-grade schools can be positive places for learners and teachers. Observations done by Rao (2004), McGinn (1996) and McEwan and Benveniste (2001) show that successful models of multi-grade teaching already exist. Examples of addressing the isolation of multi-grade settings are found in Finland and Greece, where ICT is utilized to address this challenge. The "active" pedagogy which researchers like Little (1995, 2003 and 2005), Juvane (2005), Miller (1999) and McEwan and Benveniste (2001) promote for multigrade schools expects teachers to guide activities to be completed, and allows for free activities, which require application of the knowledge gained. It also involves creative exploration and application of regional-specific knowledge and relies upon learners to acquire and construct knowledge for themselves, guided by the teacher. Atchoarena and Gasperini (2005:6) believe in an integrated learning concept which bases its focus on the notion that effective learning is not limited to the classroom, but that, through use of community resources the curricula can "come alive."The "active" pedagogy and the expected participation of communities in the teaching and learning process should not only be for the benefit of the multi-grade class but should also be applicable to teaching and learning in mono-grade classes. This contributes to Bingham's (1995:6) view that a natural community of learners is inclusive of experiences outside school boundaries in the larger world. According to the Ministerial Committee on Rural Education (2005:12), South Africa's first ten years of democracy, are after 1994, characterized by an overwhelming commitment to equality, to treat everyone in the same way no matter what his or her differences are. Hence, the management and funding of rural schools are similar to the principles and formulas of those of urban schools. So too, curriculum and pedagogies of rural schooling are planned to be the same as those found in rural settings. Emerging Voices (2205:12) and Joubert (2005:3) agree that rural education has to provide the means to enable generations to break out of the recurring cycle of unskilled labour and resultant poverty. State education must deliver learners who are able to read, write and are numerate and furthermore deliver trained teachers for the multigrade Irural school system. In the literacy reviewed, it is clear that curricula, learning materials, teacher education and assessment are necessary components of an integrated strategy for learning and teaching in multi-grade settings. Surrounding these strategies is the need for national policies for curriculums, materials, teacher education and assessment that recognize, legitimate and support learners and teachers in multi-grade settings. The researcher identified two interventions, which addressed the above mentioned multi-grade phenomenon in South Africa, namely the Kgatelopele project of the Limpopo Education Department launched in 2000 and the Multi-grade Rural School Intervention (MGRSI) in the Western Cape Province launched in 2001. Both these interventions focused on the needs of multi-grade schools, and ways to address those needs. The MGRSI was structured according to a logic model, which provided the objectives of the intervention and the strategy, which it intended to follow in order to reach the stated outcomes. This study provided the opportunity to do a case study, which revealed the successes and the challenges of the intervention implemented from 2001 to 2006.

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Hayes, Johan Barnard. "Assessment of fish as bio-indicators of river health in rivers of the southwestern Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52704.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2002.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this study, the Fish Assemblage Integrity Index (FAll) was applied on three rivers within the southwestern Cape. This index uses fish as indicators of biological aquatic integrity and is based on indigenous species expected to be present in biological fish habitats. Fish integrity classes were calculated for each of the sites in the three rivers studied. Sites 2 and 4 within the Lourens River were rated as Class C, whereas sites 1 and 3 were rated as Class F and Class D respectively. Sites 1, 2 and 4 within the Palmiet River were rated Class F, whereas sites 3 and 5 were rated as Class E and Class D respectively. Site 1 within the Hout Bay River was rated as a Class F site, in addition to sites 2 and 3 been rated as Class A. It is however, suggested that the FAll needs to be adjusted to accommodate the general low species richness experienced in the southwestern Cape. In addition to the FAll been applied, the effects of long-term exposure to subtle water quality changes associated with human activities, specifically potential estrogenic compounds in fish from the Lourens River were also investigated. The production of the yolk precursor lipoprotein complex, vitellogenin (Vtg) produced in the liver under estrogen control was employed as biomarker for environmental estrogen exposure. Male fish from the Lourens River were studied using SDS-PAGE gel electrophoresis. Results indicated that 60% of male fish showed the presence of Vtg in their plasma. Abnormal gonad morphology in male and female fish were also assessed using standard histological procedures. Results from this study indicated no observed abnormalities in either male or female gonads. The immediate presence of endocrine disrupters with estrogen activity was investigated by screening water samples from the Lourens, Palmiet and Hout Bay Rivers for estrogen activity. Results indicated that none of the samples appeared to be cytotoxic. In addition, estrogen activity of water samples was also investigated by in vitro culturing of water samples with frog, Xenopus laevis, liver slices. Results indicated that none of the water samples from the three rivers studied indicated estrogenic activity. Although cytotoxicity and estrogen activity results were negative, the production of Vtg in male fish suggests further research regarding the presence of estrogenic substances in these rivers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In die huidige studie is die 'Fish Assemblage Integrity Index' (FAIl) toegepas op drie rivere in die suidwes Kaap. Hierdie indeks gebruik visse as bioindikatore van biologies akwatiese integriteit en is gebasseer op die inheemse visspesies wat verwag word in biologiese vishabitatte. Integriteitsklasse is bepaal vir elke studieterrein in die drie rivere wat ondersoek is. 'n Klas C is bepaal vir studieterreine 2 en 4 in die Lourensrivier. Klas F en Klas D is bepaal vir studieterreine 1 en 3 in die rivier onderskeidelik. 'n Klas F is bepaal vir studieterreine 1, 2 en 4 en Klas E en Klas D bepaal vir studieterreine 3 en 5 in die Palmietrivier onderskeidelik. 'n Klas F is bepaal vir studieterrein 1 in die Houtbaairivier waar 'n Klas A bepaal is vir studieterreine 2 en 3. Dit word egter voorgestel dat die FAII aangepas moet word om die algemene lae spesierykheid wat ervaar word in die suidwes Kaap te akkomodeer. Die reaksie van visse, afkomstig van die Lourensrivier, op die langtermyn blootstelling aan estrogeniese stowwe is ook bestudeer. Spesifieke reaksies van endokriene versteuring, soos vitellogeen (Vtg) produksie in manlike visse is ondersoek deur middel van SDS-PAGE gel elektroforese. Resultate toon dat in 60% van die manlike visse Vtg in die plasma teenwoordig was. 'n Ondersoek na abnormale gonade morfologie in manlike en vroulike visse van die Lourensrivier is deur standard histologiese prosedures gedoen. Resultate hiervan dui op geen sigbare abnormaliteite in die gonades nie. Die onmiddelike teenwoordigheid van endokriene versteurders is bestudeer deur die sitotoksisiteit van watermonsters afkomstig van die Lourens, Palmiet en Houtbaai riviere te bepaal. Resultate dui aan dat geen monsters sitotoksies was nie. Die estrogeenaktiwiteit van die watermonsters is ook ondersoek deur van in vitro kulture van watermonsters saam met padda, Xenopus leavis, lewersnitte gebruik te maak. Geen estrogeniese aktiwiteit is in die watermonsters gevind nie. Al is die sitotoksisiteit en estrogeenaktiwiteit resultate negatief, dui die produksie van Vtg in manlike visse op die noodsaaklikheid van verdere navorsing ten opsigte van die teenwoordigheid van estrogeniese stowwe in drie riviere.

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Hendricks, Mohammed Natheem. "The recognition of prior learning in higher education: the case of the University of the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2001. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&amp.

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This research is an attempt to determine the extent to which the Recognition of Prior Learning (RPL) in higher education promotes social transformation. Through analysing the case study of the University of the Western Cape (UWC) RPL programme, some conclusions on this matter were drawn. This research, a qualitative study, analyses key official documents, institutional reports, learning portfolios - produced by RPL candidates wherin they narrated their autobiographical learning histories - extensively. In addition, qualitative data were incorporated into this study to assist in the construction of the context within which RPL is being offered ...

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George, Susannah Helen. "A proposed multi-faceted peer education approach to ensure sustainable community development." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/50276.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2005.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Thus far, no youth intervention strategy has responded to the root causes of the HIV/AIDS crisis amongst young people through an approach that encompasses both a prevention and a future leadership strategy in one development model. This article tells the story of the development and pilot process of an adolescent peer education model, for which the author of this paper was the leader. The model is being proposed as a youth development strategy to positively impact community social norms by using young opinion leaders as the catalyst for change. The model was developed through an NGO, OIL Reach Out Adolescent Training (OIL), that specifically set out to pioneer, implement and evaluate best practice adolescent peer education in one cross-cultural community as a model for other communities in Africa. OIL set out basing its belief in the efficacy of peer education on behavioural theories, which support it as a strategy for behaviour change. At the heart of their peer education pilot was the belief that the message giver is the strongest message; people don’t change with information, they change when others around them change. Together with peer education theories, OIL applied a “futures-oriented” education approach in their curriculum development. OIL set out with a definition of peer education as being “the process whereby skilled facilitators assist a group of suitable young people to: educate their peers in a structured manner; informally role-model healthy behaviour; recognise youth in need of additional help and refer them for assistance; and advocate for resources and services for themselves and their peers”. (Deutsch, C. & Swartz. S 2003), OIL strategically selected a community at the tip of the Western Cape to pilot, made up of 4 diverse school communities and representing a microcosm of periurban South Africa as a whole. OIL was selected by the Western Cape Education Department as part of the provincial pilot programme. The core programme framework was designed together with community stakeholders and adolescent community representatives. Selection of Adolescent Peer Educators was through a combination of self-nomination and referrals from peers. The aim of this process was to yield a diverse group of teens from all the different sub-cultures who were leaders, chosen on their shared experience with learners and making up 10-15% of the class. Training content included a diverse values based curriculum that was designed to provide skills and information needed to tackle root issues facing young people and providing a sense of vision and purpose. Personal transformation of the peer educator was realized to be the critical factor in effective peer education.Over three years, a structured and long-term programme was put in place with programme standards and clear manageable outputs for peer educators. Once the pilot was drawing to completion in 2004, the author of this paper as representative of OIL at the time, together with representatives of the seven other implementing organisations involved in the pilot, were brought together to compile their learnings and document a proposed common model for implementation from 2005 into other communities. OIL’s model and uncompromising standards of peer education were recognized for future programmes to learn from and model. Challenges for future implementers include accessing financial sustainability, community buy and combatting HIV related attitudes
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Weinig beskikbare voorkomingsprogramme is tans op die jeug en toekomstige leiers gerig. In ander lande in Suider-Arika word voorkomingsprogramme sterk op die jeug gevestig ten einde die visie van 'n Vigsvrye generasie in die toekoms te probeer verwesentlik. Hierdie studie is as 'n gevallestudie opgeskryf met sterk klem op 'n volwasse opvoedkundige model en jeugontwikkeling en 'n positiewe fokus op jong opinieleiers, as teikengroep. Die uitkomste van die program is sterk op voorkoming gerig. Die model is ontwikkel deur 'n nie-winsgewende organisasie (NGO), OIL (Reach Out Adolescent Training). Die studie beskryf die ontstaan, metodiek en implementering van OIL en beskryf sekere van die suksesse wat reeds daarmee bereik is. Die teoretiese basis van die OIL program word beskryf. Ook word die belangrikheid van deeglike voorafopleiding en die transformasie wat deur OIL bereik kan word, deeglik op skrif gestel. Die verdere verloop van die opleidingsprogram word uitgespel en voorstelle vir verdere navorsings- en ontwikkelingswerk word aan die hand gedoen.

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Paulse, Janine. "Sources of occupational stress for teachers, with specific reference to the inclusive education module in the Western Cape." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=init_1706_1180439834.

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The aim of this paper was to identify the sources of stress for teachers involved with inclusive education as well as whether there is a statistically significant difference in stress experienced by teachers based on their biographical details. In this research the focus was on intellectual disability.

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Madoda, Peter. "The adoption and use of information and communication technologies in private high schools in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2759.

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Thesis (MEd)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.
This study investigates some of the factors affecting the adoption and use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) for curriculum delivery in selected private high schools in the Western Cape. In this 21st century, ICT has penetrated the society to the point that it is most likely to assume that the private high school in general, are effectively incorporating them (ICTs) in delivery of the curriculum. Regrettably, this assumption is not always true as revealed in most of the cases examined in this study. Instead, a lot of private high school teachers who were selected as participants or respondents in this study revealed that they are still facing critical challenges when they want to effectively adopt and use ICTs for curriculum delivery. While the previous studies have focused more on the ICT integration in pubic schools in disadvantaged communities, this study employed a mixed methods research design (that is both quantitative and qualitative research methods) to explore the factors affecting the adoption and use of ICTs in private high schools in the Western Cape Province. The two frameworks adopted in this study, the Teacher Development framework (DoE, 2007) and the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework guided the researcher in the analysis of the research findings. The study also used both deductive and inductive reasoning in the interpretation of the results. The results of the study show that despite the high level of appreciating the importance of ICT adoption and use in teaching and learning by private high school teachers in the Western Cape Province, there are still critical factors that continue to militate against the effective integration of technology in the classroom. The study revealed the following factors as critical regarding the effective adoption and use of ICTs in curriculum delivery: lack of skills, limited access to ICT resources, lack of technical support, shortage of class time, and lack of teacher motivation.

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Dawson, Emily Kathleen. "A river health assessment of selected South-Western Cape Rivers : index of habitat integrity, water quality and the influence of surrounding land use." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/16297.

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Thesis (MSc)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The River Health Programme (RHP) is an assessment tool for monitoring the ecological state of rivers to ensure that they remain fit for use by present and future generations. This study, forming part of a RHP assessment conducted on the south-western Cape Hout Bay, Lourens and Palmiet Rivers, has the aim to (1) zone the rivers for representative site selection, (2) assess their habitat integrity (HI), (3) determine the influence of land use on riverine HI and (4) assess the river water quality at the time of the RHP assessments. (1) The desktop geomorphological zonation method used in RHP assessments has not been sufficiently previously tested on short rivers draining the Western Cape Mountains. The Lowland River Zone of the rivers studied, as well as the Hout Bay River’s Upper Foothill Zone, were found to have steeper gradients than expected, probably due to these rivers being shorter and consequently steeper than any on which the method was previously tested. The notion of one gradient river classification system being applicable throughout South Africa, with its diverse geology and climate, is unlikely. Rather a classification system modified for various physiographic features regions or by a factor based on river length is more realistic. (2) Although there is a general longitudinal decrease in HI downstream along the Hout Bay and Lourens Rivers, coinciding with increased anthropogenic activities, HI improves in the Palmiet River’s lower reaches through the Kogelberg Nature Reserve. Surrounding land use thus seems to be a major determinant of HI. Although the Index of Habitat Integrity (IHI) used appears to achieve its aim, it was found to be subjective. Categorisation of the IHI scoring is suggested. (3) The amount of natural versus disturbed land use occurring upstream of a site at a regional and local scale, is a good predictor of riverine HI. Regional alien forestry and local urbanisation have significantly strong negative effects on instream (r2 = -0.80, r2 = 0.80, p<0.05) and riparian (r2 = -0.81, r2 = -0.83, p<0.05) HI. Different land use types therefore appear to affect riverine HI at differing scales and thus managers must not only think on a local but also a catchment scale. (4) In the Hout Bay River, a filtering system (e.g. wetland) appears to improve the water quality between the middle and lower reaches. Along the Lourens River, high total dissolved salts, conductivity and inorganic nitrogen concentrations in the middle reaches are cause for concern. Along the Palmiet River there appeared to be insufficient oxygen to support most aquatic life forms at Grabouw. Impoundments in the middle reaches act as sinks for nutrients and salts, but the Huis and Krom tributaries downstream then appear to degrade the water quality of the Palmiet River’s lower reaches within the Kogelberg Nature Reserve. Together with the results of simultaneous biotic assessments, these results should be used to develop management actions to improve the ecological health of these rivers. The results have been used in a State-of-Rivers Report for the south-western Cape.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Riviergesondheidsprogram (RGP) is 'n asseseringsinstrument wat die ekologiese stand van riviere monitor om te verseker dat hulle steeds bruikbaar bly vir huidige en toekomstige geslagte. Hierdie studie maak deel uit van 'n RGP-assessering van die Lourens-, Houtbaai- en Palmietrivier in die Suidwes-Kaap en het ten doel om (1) die riviere te soneer vir verteenwoordigende terreinseleksie, (2) die habitat-integriteit (HI) te assesseer, (3) die invloed van grondgebruik op rivier-HI te bepaal en (4) die kwaliteit van rivierwater tydens die RGP-assesserings te bepaal. (1) Die geomorfologiese-soneringsmetode wat in RGP-assesserings gebruik word, is nog nie voorheen genoegsaam vir die kort riviere wat die Wes-Kaapse berge dreineer, getoets nie. Daar is bevind dat die studiegebied riviere in die laagland-sones skerper gradiënte het as verwag, gehad het. Dit kan moontlik toegeskryf word aan die riviere wat korter en dus steiler is as enige van dié wat voorheen met die metode getoets is. Die moontlikheid dat een gradiëntklassifikasiestelsel vir riviere regdeur Suid-Afrika met sy diverse geologie en klimaat toegepas kan word, is onwaarskynlik. 'n Klassifikasiestelsel aangepas vir verskillende fisiografiese streke of met 'n faktor gebaseer op rivierlengte, is meer realisties. (2) Alhoewel HI stroomaf langs die Lourens- en Houtbaairivier in die algemeen longitudinaal saam met die toename in antropogeniese aktiwiteite afneem, verbeter die Palmietrivier se HI waar dit laer af deur die Kogelbergnatuurreservaat vloei. Die gebruike van aanliggende grond blyk dus 'n belangrike bepaler van HI te wees. Die Indeks van Habitatintegriteit (IHI) bereik klaarblyklik die vereiste doel, maar is te subjektief. Kategorisering van die IHI-waardes word voorgestel. (3) 'n Goeie voorspeller van rivier-HI is die hoeveelheid natuurlike teenoor versteurde grondgebruik stroomop van 'n terrein op 'n streeks- en lokale skaal. Die sterk negatiewe effek van uitheemse plantegroei in die omgewing en lokale verstedeliking op stroom- (r² = -0.80, r² = 0.80, p<0.05 ) en oewer-HI (r² = -0.81, r² = -0.83, p<0.05) is beduidend. Verskille in tipe grondgebruik beïnvloed rivier-HI op verskillende vlakke; bestuurders moet dus plaaslik en aan die opvanggebied dink. (4) In die Houtbaairivier lyk dit asof 'n filtreringstelsel (bv. vleigrond) die waterkwaliteit tussen die middel- en lae gedeeltes verbeter. In die loop van die Lourensrivier is hoë totale opgeloste soute, geleidingsvermoë en anorganiese stikstofkonsentrasies in die middelgedeelte 'n rede tot kommer. In die Palmietrivier by Grabouw was die suurstof te min om die meeste akwatiese lewensvorme te onderhou. Opgedamde water in die middel gedeeltes dien as 'n sink vir voedingstowwe en soute, maar dit lyk asof die Huis- en Kromrivier die waterkwaliteit van die Palmietrivier stroomaf in die Kogelbergnatuurreservaat degradeer. Saam met die resultate van gelyktydige biotiese assesserings, kan hierdie resultate gebruik word vir die ontwikkeling van bestuursaksies om die ekologiese toestand van hierdie riviere te verbeter. Die resultate is gebruik in 'n toestand-van-riviere-verslag vir die Suidwes-Kaap.

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Vollenhoven, Gerald. "Managing a fitting and turning learnership at an FET institution in the Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1912.

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Thesis (MTech (Education))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2007
In 1998 the Department of Labour launched a skills revolution in the South African workplace. The Skills Development Act of 1998 introduced the 'Learnership' model of workplace training, which has been promoted as a creative vehicle for addressing high unemployment rates and a serious skills shortage. The Act proposed a very ambitious new framework through the creation of a new institutional regime with strong links forged between learners, employers, govemment and the new intermediary training bodies, SETAs. This new institutional mechanism for delivering training was termed 'Learnerships'. This dissertation explores the perceptions of the staff of two FET colleges around the Fitting and Turning learnership in which they are involved, with a particular focus on their roles and responsibilities in managing the Fitting and Turning learnership. Their perceptions were ascertained through a structured interview process. A framework of understanding was established by examining the stakeholders' roles and responsibilities; learnership accreditation e.g., SETA training policies, physical and human resources, bUdget and finance; structured learning and assessment e.g. logbooks, continuous assessment and work relevant training, partnerships with industry and other skills programmes; the learner monitoring process e.g. administration system, quality management, learner support, recruitment and selection, throughput rate and communication; and limitations and recommendations to improve the management of learnerships.

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Nell, Guillaume. "An exploratory study of the EIA process involved in a low cost housing project in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97153.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This study undertakes a broad exploration of the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process in South Africa through a case study analysis of the N2 Gateway Project, a low cost housing project of the new housing policy, Breaking New Ground (BNG). This study of the housing situation in South Africa is done to provide some context on informal settlements and shows why this is a significant social issue in post-apartheid South Africa. The main housing policies are discussed in order to indicate how the South African government attempts to address the housing challenges in the country, and more specifically, in the Western Cape. The overview is useful in gaining perspective about the nature of this process, including reasons why EIAs take such a long time to complete and how the effectiveness of these are determined. The key challenges and benefits of EIAs are discussed together with an analysis of the Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) tool. The case study analysis reveals how the EIA was not conducted in a proper way during the planning and implementation phases of the project. Together with this, various other significant matters of the project are highlighted because of the controversial nature of this project. The study reveals that it is not necessarily EIAs that are the cause of delays in the implementation of low cost housing projects, but that poor planning, fast tracking of the EIA process and completing the EIA too late in the planning procedure of the project are the main contributing factors causing the delays. The recommendations given are based on these findings, which indicate that the environmental authorization processes ought to be incorporated at a much earlier stage in the pipeline of the planning procedure, as well as transparent and more clearly defined roles should be established from the start. Better project management is also required and participation and communication between all the stakeholders involved should be given due attention. The study argues that the use of SEA can be very helpful and should be used to ensure that the proper planning mechanisms are in place.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die navorsing stel deur ŉ gevallestudie ondersoek in na die Omgewingsimpakassessering (OIA) van „n lae-koste behuising projek bekend as die N2 Gateway Projek in die Wes-Kaap provinsie, as deel van die regering se behuisingsbeleid bekend as Breaking New Ground. (BNG). Hierdie studie oor die omstandighede van die behuisingsituasie in Suid-Afrika is gdoen om konteks te gee oor informe nedersettings en te wys waarom dit ŉ belangrike onderwerp in post-apartheid Suid-Afrika is. Die belangrikste beleidstukke oor behuising word bespreek om te wys hoedat die Suid-Afrikaans regering die behuisingsuitdagings in die land aanspreek, mer spesifiek in die Wes-Kaap. Hierdie oorsig is waardevol om perspektief oor die aard van die proses te gee, wat onder andere die redes insluit waarom OIAs so ŉ lang tyd neem om te voltooi en om ook te wys hoe die effektiwiteit van laasgenoemde bepaal word. Die kern uitdagings en voordele van OIAs word bespreek sowel as ŉ analise van die wat bekend staan as strategiese omgewings assessering (SOA) instrument. Die analise van die gevallestudie wys hoedat die OIAs nie op die gepasde wyse gedurende die beplannings- en implementerings fases van die projek gedoen is nie. Hiermee saam is verskeie ander betekenisvolle faktore van die projek uitgelig as gevolg van die kontroversiële aard van die projek. Die studie kom tot die gevolgtrekking dat dit nie noodwendig die OIAs is wat die vertraging in die implementering van dié lae koste behuisingsprojek tot gevolg gehad het nie. Die belangrikste faktore wat tot daartoe bygedra het, kan eerder aan swak beplanning, die versnelling van die OIA proses en die voltooiing van die OIA eers teen die einde van die projek toegeskryf word. Die aanbevelings wat gemaak word geskied teen dié agtergrond. Dit behels onder andere dat die OIA-proses vir die goedkeuring van die projek veel vroeër in die beplannings proses gedoen moes word. Te same hiermee moes daar baie duideliker aanwysings gewees het oor wie verantwoordelikheid vir uitvoering van spesifieke take moes ontvang. Beter kommunikasie en deelname van die verskillende partye wat by die projek betrokke was, is verder ŉ voorvereiste wanneer soortgelyke projekte aangepak gaan word. Die gebruik van die SOA instrument is ook belangrik en behoort in projekte soos die N2 Gateway gebruik te word sodat daar beter beplanning gedoen kan word.

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Page, Raelene Renee. "Description of three environmental co-management systems in the Western Cape." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/20140.

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Thesis (MComm)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Environmental management is becoming an increasingly popular phrase as businesses, organisations and communities are becoming more environmentally conscious. Conservation areas are under a significant amount of pressure from stakeholders to deliver effective collaboration and co-management strategies. What was previously understood as fragmented and underdeveloped, environmental conservation areas are now moving towards becoming decentralised, self-regulated and holistic in nature. Previously discouraged public involvement has now come to the forefront of government’s focus as public entities can aid in providing promised service delivery to conservation areas. As environmental conservation areas consist of a variety of ecosystems distributed throughout South Africa, this research focuses on three different conservation areas. The aim is to compare different managerial systems across the boundaries of conservation management in the context of international case studies, the South African government, as well as policy mandates already in place in the conservation areas. The purpose of the study is to compare different collaborative approaches by assessing the managerial methods within each of the chosen conservation areas. The overall purpose is to assess the various levels of stakeholder involvement by evaluating the levels of participation between the comanagement areas and stakeholders involved. A biosphere reserve, a water management system, and a land management system were studied. For the biosphere reserve case study, the Cape West Coast Biosphere Reserve was investigated. The Breede-Overberg Catchment Management Agency was studied for the water management system case study, and the Nuwejaars Wetlands Special Management Area was explored for the land management system case study. The methods used within this research comprised of conducting a literature study, as well as conducting interviews with various participants from each of the conservation areas involved. It was discovered that the Cape West Coast biosphere reserve functions as a non-governmental organisation with numerous exchangeable stakeholders. The Breede-Overberg catchment management agency is government orientated with the South African government as the main stakeholder. The Nuwejaars Wetlands special management area was established as being a private organisation with a Land-Owners Association. Research designs used include the evaluation research design and conceptual analysis design. The results of the study showed that conservation areas within South Africa need to implement more co-management, increase awareness within public and organisations’ spheres, increase institutional development, and implement more strategic partnerships in terms of stakeholder engagement with specific focus on private sector engagement. Tourism and sustainable scenario planning have also been proven to increase the benefits of collaboration, cooperation and co-management within each of the three conservation areas. With the emerging trend of environmental sustainability and popularity increasing in conservation, individuals on a global scale have become progressively more aware of the problems facing environmental conservation areas. It is imperative that a conservation area implements strategic collaborative resource management practices which best suit the type of organisation, whether it is state-run, privately run, or a non-governmental organisation. The best possible recommendation found was that it is in a conservation area’s best interest to find the right combination of solutions which work for a specific area instead of trying to implement a new, singular solution.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Besighede, organisasies en gemeenskappe word al meer omgewingsbewus en dus is die bestuur van die omgewing van meer belang. Bewaringsgebiede is onder ŉ beduidende hoeveelheid druk vanaf belanghebbendes om doeltreffende samewerking en mede-bestuur strategieë te lewer. In die verlede was sulke gebiede onder-ontwikkel en gefragmenteer. Bewaringsgebiede is nou besig om in gedesentraliseerde, self-regulerende en holistiese gebiede te word. Voorheen is openbare betrokkenheid ontmoedig, maar die fokus het nou verskuif en die regering se fokus is nou op openbare entiteite wat kan help met die verskaffing van beloofde dienslewering aan bewaringsgebiede. Bewaringsgebiede bestaan uit ŉ verskeidenheid van ekosisteme wat versprei is oor die hele Suid-Afrika. Hierdie navorsingsprojek fokus op drie verskillende bewaringsareas. Die doel hiervan is om verskillende bestuurstelsels te vergelyk oor alle grense van bewaring in die konteks van internasionale gevallestudies, die Suid-Afrikaanse regering sowel as die mandaat van beleid wat reeds in plek is in die bewaringsgebiede. Daar word ook gepoog om die verskillende samewerkende benaderings tot vergelyk te bring deur die beoordeling van die bestuurs-metodes van elk van die gekose bewaringsgebiede. Die oorkoepelende doel is om die verskillende vlakke van belanghebbende betrokkenheid vas te stel, deur die vlakke van betrokkenheid tussen die mede-bestuurs gebiede en belanghebbendes te evalueer. ŉ Biosfeer-reservaat, waterbestuurstelsel en landbestuurstelsel is bestudeer. In die geval van die biosfeer-reservaat gevallestudie is die Kaapse Weskus Biosfeerreservaat ondersoek. Die Breede-Overberg Opvanggebied Bestuursagentskap is vir die waterstelsel gevallestudie bestudeer en die Nuwejaars Vleilande Spesiale Bestuursgebied was as bron vir die landbestuurstelsel gevallestudie gebruik. Die metodes wat toegepas was in hierdie navorsing het bestaan uit die uitvoer van literatuurstudies asook onderhoude, in samewerking met ŉ verkose deelnemer uit elk van die bogenoemde bewaringsgebiede wat betrokke is. Daar is vasgestel dat die Kaapse Weskus Biosfeer-reservaat funksioneer as ŉ nie-regeringsorganisasie met verskeie uitruilbare belanghebbendes. Die Breede-Overberg Opvanggebied Bestuursagentskap is regerings georiënteerd met die Suid-Afrikaanse regering as die vernaamste belanghebbende. Die Nuwejaars Vleilande Spesiale Bestuursgebied is gevestig as ŉ private organisasie met ŉ Land-huiseienaars Vereniging. Die navorsingsontwerpe wat toegepas was, sluit die evaluering van die navorsingsontwerp sowel as ŉ konseptuele analise ontwerp in. Die resultate van die studie dui aan dat die bewaringsgebiede in Suid-Afrika: meer mede-bestuur moet implementeer; bewaringsbewustheid binne die openbare en organisasies se sfere moet vergroot; dat daar ŉ verhoging in institusionele ontwikkeling nodig is en dat die implementering van meer strategiese vennootskappe in terme van betrokkenheid van belanghebbendes met spesifieke fokus op dat private sektor se betrokkenheid nodig is. ŉ Toename in die voordele van samewerking sowel as mede-bestuur binne al drie bewaringsareas kan toegeskryf word aan toerisme en volhoubare scenario-beplanning. Saam met die opkomende tendens van ŉ toename in die populariteit van bewaring sowel as omgewings volhoubaarheid begin individue op ŉ globale skaal meer bewus raak van die probleme wat die omgewings- en bewaringsgebiede in die gesig staar. Dit is noodsaaklik dat bewaringsgebiede strategieë implementeer wat samewerkende bestuur van die hulpbronne wat die beste pas by hulle tipe organisasie, of dit nou onder staatsbeheer is, privaat bestuur word of nieregeringsorganisasies is, bevorder. Die beste moontlike aanbeveling was dat dit in ŉ bewaringsgebied se beste belange is om die regte kombinasie oplossings te vind vir ŉ spesifieke area, eerder as om te probeer om ŉ nuwe, enkelvoud oplossing te implementeer.
National Research Foundation

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49

Hall, Anthony. "Negotiated access to privately owned mountain areas: a study of the Western Cape mountains, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10605.

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Landowners of fifteen selected case-sites in the Western Cape were interviewed. At all of these sites, access is or may be granted to privately owned mountain areas under a particular set of conditions. Landowners were asked about their views on access to privately owned mountain areas for recreational purposes, and particularly about their motivations for granting access to their properties.

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50

Traut, Michelle. "Recycled building materials : the likely impact on affordable housing in the Western Cape." Thesis, Peninsula Technikon, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1057.

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Thesis (MTech (Built Environment))--Peninsula Technikon, 2001
The construction industry globally, contributes between 18% and 24% of the GDP, and because of its labour intensive characteristics, contributes handsomely to total employment, forming important backward and forward linkages with the rest of the economy. Nevertheless, the extent and sophistication of these linkages crucially depend on the relative development of the construction industry relative to the overall economy. In the developing countries, these linkages are not very strong because of the use of informal materials, which is not commercialised and whose opportunity costs are often zero, and the huge imports of construction materials used in the modem sector of the economy. However, whether in the developed or developing economies, the construction industry is a major contributor to economic growth and development by providing the necessary infrastructure that facilitates production, consumption and recreational activities. In fulfilling these activities, the construction industry generates huge wastes of which only a tiny proportion are recycled and reused. However, in economies and countries where adequate and functional housing is a problem mainly due to lack of affordability, recycling and reuse of construction waste is a necessary prerequisite to enhancing housing affordability in these countries. This is the current situation that South Africa finds itself "''here because of its past history of 'apartheid', economic opportunities and amenities were denied to the blacks. There is nowhere that this deprivation is more pronounced than in the built environment sector where housing shortages and general disamenities prevail. High levels of unemployment further exacerbate the situation, - - which is a consequence of low skills and high illiteracy-rates. Thus, housing demand and supply by this group of the population are most likely, on the evidence available, to fall predominantly within the low-income housing category. Presently, all households falling into this category rely on financial assistance from the government to facilitate low-cost housing consumption because of pervasive poverty, which itself is due to the very high unemployment rate, illiteracy, lack of skills and general deprivation: a legacy of 'apartheid' policies enforced by previous government. The dilemma however is how to meet the huge housing demand within the limited resources available to the government on the one hand, and on the other, to satisfy such demand without compromising the environmental sustainability of the physical environment. Thus, the thesis aims to determine ways in which the construction industry could contribute to the sustainability of the carrying capacity of the biophysical environment and enhance social sustainability by facilitating affordability through the possible reductions to construction costs through recycling and reuse. By means of questionnaires and detailed interviews, underscored by a qualitative research approach, the potential of construction recycling and the possible contributions to environmental sustainability and housing affordability are determined. At completion, it is expected that this work will not only contribute to existing knowledge but would be of significance in terms of policy formulation to construction industry practitioners, central and local government policy makers, and other governmental and non-governmental organisations operating in the area of housing.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental education – South Africa – Western Cape'

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