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1
Li, Zhu Guo. "Development and Application of Eco-Friendly Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 250-253 (May 2011): 3827–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.250-253.3827.
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Concrete is the most popular construction material. In its lifetime, natural resources such as limestone and aggregate are consumed. Meanwhile, emission of air pollutants and discharge of waste concrete in large quantities are of great concern. However, in recent years, high performance concrete and new types of concretes have been developed to decrease the environmental burden in its lifespan or in production phase, to utilize a substantial amount of recycled industrial waste, and to improve local environment. These eco-friendly concretes are classified into environmental protection type such as high performance concrete and recycled concrete, and environmental creation type such as porous concrete used for planting and air-purifying concrete with TiO2coating. This paper introduces the concept of eco-friendly concrete and summarizes present technologies and application.
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Shi, Xiao Shuang, Qing Yuan Wand, Lang Li, and Tao Long. "Properties of Environmental Friendly Concrete Containing Recycled Coarse Aggregate and Fly Ash." Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (August 2013): 957–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.957.
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Six mixtures with different ratios (0%, 50% and 100%) were designed to investigate the compressive strength, elastic modulus and Poissons ratio of geopolymeric recycled concrete (GRC). The mechanical properties and failure mechanism of recycled concrete (RAC) and GRC were tested and discussed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The results show that, GRC concretes are stronger than RAC concretes due to different reaction products and better microstructure in interfacial transition zones (ITZs). The EDX results show that the higher compressive strength with higher Si/Al ratio.
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Meesaraganda, L. V. Prasad, and Nilanjan Tarafder. "Durability Studies of Environmental Friendly Self Compacting Concrete with and without Fiber." Key Engineering Materials 803 (May 2019): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.803.207.
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Concrete is the most important building material in construction industry because of its revolutionary property of quick hardening and free from internal problems. Its use has a great effect on environment due to the large amount of natural resources and cement lime materials required for manufacture the concrete structures. Now it’s the time for think in the direction of Eco-friendly durable materials in concrete production. In the present work, Quarry Dust and Foundry Sand are partial replaced River Sand to develop Rheological and Durability properties of M40 grade of Eco-Efficient Self-Compacting Concrete (ESCC). The target strength could be achieved satisfying the rheological properties of Eco-Efficient Self-Compacting Concrete with fiber additions. In this study investigations carried to find the Permeability, Shrinkage, Acid attack and Rapid Chloride Permeability Test (RCPT) of Eco-Efficient Fiber based Self-Compacting Concrete and it is observed that it is no way inferior to the conventional concretes. From the experimentation, it is recommended that waste materials from different source are fitting to be used as fine materials in concrete. The construction cost reduces by utilising such waste as fine aggregate in place of aggregate from natural source for construction.
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Zhang, Ju Song, Xi Luan, and Xiao Ning Chen. "Preparation and Properties of Environmental-Friendly Ceramsite and Concrete." Solid State Phenomena 330 (April 12, 2022): 107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-bb5vuc.
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Ceramsite was prepared from sludge, oil sludge and building residue, and the ratio of ceramsite and sintering process was determined by orthogonal test. The effects of different ratios and sintering process on the compressive strength and bulk density of ceramsite were studied. The strength and thermal conductivity of ceramsite foam concrete were tested by using prepared ceramsite as light aggregate to determine the optimal ratio scheme of ceramsite foam concrete. By designing the early cracking test of concrete, the cracking inhibition effect of ceramsite in foam concrete was explored, which provided a theoretical basis for the application of foam concrete.
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Sanal, Irem. "A Review on Reduced Environmental Impacts of Alternative Green Concrete Productions." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 1, no. 2 (July 2017): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2017070104.
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Concrete is being recognized for its environmental benefits in support of sustainable development. In response to growing environmental and economic forces, regulatories, engineers and owners are seeking efficient concrete solutions that conserve non-renewable resources. Global demands for regulating concrete waste arise from the growth of these environmental and economic issues. Thus, the concept of “green concrete” as an eco-friendly alternative to conventional concrete has been emerging. This publication seeks to demonstrate how concrete contributes to future generations' sustainable development, and will be of interest to policy makers, contractors and clients, as well as others involved with the design, construction or operation of buildings and infrastructure. The main objective of this study is to identify key sources contributing to CO2 emissions from concrete and compare 1) traditional concretes with green concretes, 2) concretes produced with blended cements, and 3) fly ash used as replacement of cement, in order to diminish the environmental impact of the concrete production.
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Li, Qiu Yi, Xiang Ning Yang, Song Gao, and Lei Zhang. "Experimental Research on Environmental Friendly Ash Aerated Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 168-170 (December 2010): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.168-170.751.
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Aerated concrete is kind of normal silicate products, which is made by hydration of lime, cement, gypsum fly ash/sand, forming agent. And it has become the major wall material of frame structure caused by its characteristics of light weigh, high strength, and heat insulation. Petroleum coke is the by-product of delayed coking system in oil refinery. Oil refinery in coast area of east China mainly exploits high-sulfur crude oil from Middle East. The petroleum coke contains even 5-8% sulphur, and calcium injection desulphurization is usually employed to reduce the SO2 emission, and leads to that Ca/S of reaction is up to 2.0-2.5. Therefore, there remain many unhydrated Lime and desulfurized gypsum in petroleum coke. It presents drying powdery and a favorable cementing performance. In this paper, chemical and mineral compositions of petroleum coke desulfuration residue are analyzed by means of X-ray fluorescence spectrometer and X-ray diffracto-meter. And lime and gypsum are replaced by petroleum coke desulfuration residue to produce aerated concrete. The experimental results indicate that products made of high-sulfur petroleum coke desulfuration residue and fly ash has better performance than traditional lime aerated concrete products. The fly ash-desulfuration residue aerated concrete products possesses the dry density level of B06 [1] and strength of 4.5MPa. Consequently, it should have expansive application potential because of their prominent economic, social, and environmental benefits.
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G C, Vinayaka. "Laboratory Experimental Studies on Previews Concrete Pavements." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, no. 3 (March 31, 2023): 1323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.49498.
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Abstract: Pervious concretes are sp ecial type of concrete gaining attention because of their environmental benefits. These are concretes generally having 15 to 35% voids and they are considered as eco friendly materials. The strengths of the pervious concrete are lower than conventional concrete due to their higher porosity. They are generally made up of coarse aggregates, cement and without or with small amount of fine aggregates. They are considered as sustainable material it has may environmental benefits like storm water management, ground eater recharge, mitigation the urban heat island effects, many traffic related benefits such as noise reduction improving skid resistance etc. These are generally adopted in low traffic areas such as foot paths, parking lots etc. because of their lower strength. Being an eco friendly materials research researches are carried to improve the strength so that they can be used for pavement.
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Endawati, Jul, Lilian Diasti, and Enung. "Characteristics of Pervious Concrete with Environmental Friendly Based Binder." Applied Mechanics and Materials 865 (June 2017): 263–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.865.263.
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In general, the use of massive flexible and rigid pavement for road construction causing green land reduction that have an impact on the reduction of the catchment area. Therefore, the use of porous concrete is an environmentally friendly alternative. Its usage is expected to absorb water into the ground. Permeable pavements have different design goals if compared to the conventional pavement, due to the ability to infiltrate the storm water through the pavement surface. The purpose of this research is to get the optimum proportion of porous concrete mixture using a friendly environment binder material. Fly ash (FA) and silica fume (SF) were used to replace a certain part of the Portland Cement Composite (PCC). The maximum FA replacement referred to the proportions of the FA percentage in the massive paving industry (25%) and the maximum SF replacement (6%) as recommended by ACI 225R-10. The highest 90-day compressive strength gained by specimens of 12% PCC replacement by FA (5.87 MPa), which is 10.2% higher compared to the porous concrete compressive strength which binder composed of 12% FA and 6% SF replacement. The permeability varies at 28 days, but at the age of 90 days, the porous concrete permeability almost evenly, so that the influence of the 6% silica fume in the mixture is not indicated. The ratio of 6% replacement of cement by silica fume with no fly ash gave the highest permeability of 1.4 cm/s, approaching the previous research conducted by Schaefer, et al (2006), while at the age of 90 days the permeability of porous concrete (1.11 cm/s) closed with the results done by Montes (2006).
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Imam, Md Hasan, Redwan UL-Islam, Subrata Roy, Ayesha Siddika, Md Danisur Rahman, and Selim Sharkar. "Experimental Study on Geopolymer Concrete with Waste Tiles Powder." Journal of Civil and Construction Engineering 9, no. 3 (September 8, 2023): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46610/jocce.2023.v09i03.002.
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While cement is not a green substance, the concrete industry is presently working toward creating sustainable concrete, employing industrial by-products to partially replace cementitious ingredients. To replace cement, the creation of eco-friendly concrete is facilitated using industrial wastes in geopolymer concrete (GPC), which also encourages waste recycling. Fly ash geopolymer has been utilized as a replacement for traditional cement concrete. An environmentally friendly and economically advantageous substitute for conventional concrete is geopolymer concrete with ceramic tile waste powder. To identify some superior alternatives for making GPC, the present study includes an experimental investigation on the compressive strength of GPC created from various other options and quantities of Fly ash and wastage tiles powder. Another focus of this research is on eliminating environmental waste for a better society. In this study, nine distinct types of concrete cylinders were produced, each with 5%, 10%, and 20% of fly ash replaced with GCV (Geopolymer Concrete with Vitrified Tile Powder) and GCW (Geopolymer concrete with wall tiles powder), respectively. Even though the replacement percentages are not so high, they do matter in terms of maintaining a sustainable, environmentally friendly workplace and managing waste. Additionally, geopolymer concretes are made without the use of heat curing, which encourages sustainability in the generation of thermal energy.
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Khan, M. I., and A. M. Alhozaimy. "Properties of natural pozzolan and its potential utilization in environmental friendly concrete." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 38, no. 1 (January 2011): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l10-112.
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In Saudi Arabia, locally available natural pozzolanic material has the potential for use in environmental friendly concrete as a partial cement replacement. Local natural pozzolan was incorporated in concrete as a partial cement replacement to study the effect of replacement level, natural pozzolan fineness and its source. Chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan, properties of fresh concrete, compressive strength development, chloride permeability, and porosity of concrete incorporating local natural pozzolanic material as a partial cement replacement is presented. The influence of curing on the properties of concrete containing natural pozzolan and the X-ray diffraction analysis are reported. It was observed that regardless of its different sources, chemical and physical properties of local natural pozzolan are similar and conforms to the requirements of ASTM C 618, Class N. Concrete containing up to 15% natural pozzolan matches with the mix containing 20% fly ash, which is very close to the plain concrete. Higher dosages of this natural pozzolan can be utilized for economical and environmental benefits. This research is the first of its kind that addresses the investigation on Saudi natural pozzolanic material.
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Yang, Wangyang. "Advantages and Performance of Novel Sustainable Green Concretes." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 18 (November 13, 2022): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v18i.2644.
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The popularity of concrete is accompanied by terrible consumption, resulting in huge carbon emissions in our environment. Accordingly, the concept of sustainable development has been valued in the cement material production industry. Based on high-performance concrete, green high-performance concrete materials have been proposed and become a research hotspot. This study sorts out and provides the recognized characteristics of green concrete and introduces different environmentally friendly green concrete types from three ways of reducing the environmental burden. The fly ash concrete shows the characteristics which contain abundant resources, low cost and wide application scope. And for recycled concrete, it can greatly reduce the environmental impact caused by construction waste and reduce the production of traditional concrete. Nano-development of concrete would improve the properties of conventional concrete, to achieve greater strength with minimal environmental burden. Results show that green concrete saves the amount of cement and concrete, is environmentally friendly, and has high strength, high durability, and crack resistance compared with traditional concrete.
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Ahmad Fauzi, Budi Santoso, and Rina Puspita. "Experimental Study On The Mechanical Properties Of Eco-Friendly Concrete." International Journal of Mechanical, Electrical and Civil Engineering 1, no. 2 (April 30, 2024): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.61132/ijmecie.v1i2.66.
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This paper investigates the mechanical properties of eco-friendly concrete incorporating recycled aggregates and industrial by-products. An experimental program was conducted to assess the compressive strength, tensile strength, and durability of various concrete mixes. The results reveal that the use of recycled materials can produce concrete with comparable mechanical properties to conventional concrete. This study highlights the potential of eco-friendly concrete in reducing environmental impacts while maintaining structural integrity.
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Mahmood, Hersh F., Hooshang Dabbagh, and Azad A. Mohammed. "Fresh, Mechanical, and Durability Properties of Concrete Contains Natural Material as an Admixture, an Overview." Journal of Studies in Science and Engineering 2, no. 3 (September 18, 2022): 66–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.53898/josse2022235.
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Nowadays, the performance criteria for concrete construction are moving toward eco-efficiency, which is a method of producing highly durable and environmentally friendly concrete while minimizing both manufacturing costs and environmental load. Admixtures are commonly used in all concrete construction; however, some of them are harmful to human health and cause leaching, which is responsible for environmental pollution. On this principle, one of the eco-efficiency method's techniques is to use natural materials as additives in concrete. The paper continues to discuss the experi-mental data generated at the author's laboratory as part of exploratory work on the use of natural materials and their impact on the properties of cement, mortars, and concretes in terms of improving fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete , The paper concludes that the observed impacts of using these natural material additions on the properties of mortar and concrete will motivate greater research in these areas, thereby improving the sustainability of concrete constructions.
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Neve, Sameer, Jiang Du, Rojyar Barhemat, Weina Meng, Yi Bao, and Dibyendu Sarkar. "Valorization of Vetiver Root Biochar in Eco-Friendly Reinforced Concrete: Mechanical, Economic, and Environmental Performance." Materials 16, no. 6 (March 22, 2023): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16062522.
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Biochar has shown great promise in producing low-cost low-carbon concrete for civil infrastructure applications. However, there is limited research comparing the use of pristine and contaminated biochar in concrete. This paper presents comprehensive laboratory experiments and three-dimensional nonlinear finite element analysis on the mechanical, economical, and environmental performance of reinforced concrete beams made using concrete blended with biochar generated from vetiver grass roots after the roots were used in an oil extraction process. Both pristine biochar and biochar that were used to treat wastewater through adsorbing heavy metals (100 mg/L of Pb, Cu, Cd, and Zn) were investigated. The biochar was used to replace up to 6% Portland cement in concrete. Laboratory experiments were conducted to characterize the workability, mechanical properties, shrinkage, and leaching potential of the concrete blended with biochar. The results showed that using biochar could increase the compressive strengths and reduce the shrinkage of concrete without causing a leaching problem. The results from finite element analysis of the reinforced concrete beams showed that the use of biochar was able to increase the flexural performance of the beams as well as their economic and environmental performance. This research will promote the development and structural applications of low-cost low-carbon concrete.
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D, Samuel Abraham, Vasugi Prakashram V.P, Viswanatha Ragavendra P, Abdul Rahuman M, and Dhanush M. "Partial Replacement of Coarse Aggregate with EPS Beads." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 12 (December 15, 2024): 1–7. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem39674.
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The rising for natural aggregates in construction has caused resource exhaustion and environmental issues, prompting the search for sustainable options. This research explores the substitution of coarse aggregates with Expanded Polystyrene (EPS) beads in concrete, with the goal of tackling issues related to aggregate shortages and the management of EPS waste. EPS beads, recognized for their light weight, thermal insulation capabilities, and moisture resistance, provide possible advantages for the creation of lightweight and environmentally friendly concrete. The study assesses how different volumes of EPS beads as a replacement impact the physical and mechanical characteristics of concrete, such as density, workability, compressive strength, and durability. Experimental findings indicate that raising the EPS bead content decreases the self-weight of concrete and improves thermal insulation, although it negatively affects compressive strength. An optimal replacement ratio achieves a balance between structural performance and sustainability, rendering EPS-concrete appropriate for non-load-bearing structures, lightweight construction, and thermal insulation uses. The Compressive strength of 5%, 10% EPS based concretes compared to control concrete.This research shows the viability of utilizing EPS beads as a partial substitute for coarse aggregates, promoting sustainable construction methods and lessening environmental effects. The results offer important perspectives on the mix design and real-world uses of EPS-concrete, promoting its use as an eco-friendly option in the construction sector. KEYWORDS: Exhaustion, workability, expanded polystyrene, durability, thermal insulation.
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Filazi, Ahmet, Nesrin Kurtoğlu, and Fatih Kural. "The Production of Rice Husk Ash and Blast Furnace Slag-Based Alkali-Activated Composites under High-Temperature Effects." Journal of Advanced Applied Sciences 3, no. 2 (December 30, 2024): 66–78. https://doi.org/10.61326/jaasci.v3i2.318.
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Alkali-activated concretes offer several advantages over conventional Portland cement-based concretes, including environmental sustainability, cost-effectiveness, and improved permeability. The use of alkali-activated concretes, as a replacement for Portland cement, provides significant environmental benefits, such as reducing carbon dioxide emissions by up to 80%, and facilitates the recycling and reuse of industrial and agricultural by-products. This study focuses on the development of alkali-activated concrete by incorporating industrial by-products like blast furnace slag and rice husk ash. A mixture of alkali-activated concrete based on blast furnace slag will be prepared, with partial substitution of Portland cement by these by-products by weight. The study will investigate the effects of these substitutions on the flexural and compressive strengths of the concrete over periods of 7, 28, and 90 days, as well as its fire resistance at temperatures of 200, 400, 600, and 800°C. The aim of this research is to contribute to the advancement of alkali-activated concrete technology, promoting the use of industrial by-products in the creation of more sustainable and environmentally-friendly construction materials.
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Abdullah, Duaa jabbar, Zena K. Abbas, and Sohair Kadhem Abd. "Study of Using of Recycled Brick Waste (RBW) to produce Environmental Friendly Concrete: A Review." Journal of Engineering 27, no. 11 (November 1, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.31026/j.eng.2021.11.01.
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Several million tons of solid waste are produced each year as a result of construction and demolition activities around the world, and brick waste is one of the most widely wastes. Recently, there has been growing number in studies that conducted on using of recycling brick waste (RBW) to produce environmentally friendly concrete. The use of brick waste (BW) as potential partial cement or aggregate replacement materials is summarized in this review where the performance is discussed in the form of the mechanical strength and properties that related to durability of concrete. It was found that, because the pozzolanic activity of clay brick powder, it can be utilized as substitute for cement in replacement level up to 10%. Whereas, for natural coarse aggregate, recycled aggregate can be used instead of it, but in limited replacement level. Concrete manufacturing from recycled aggregate can give adequate strength and can be suitable for the producing medium or low strength concrete. On the other side, the utilization of fine recycled brick waste as aggregate in the concrete manufacturing provide development of the properties of concrete and it develops the durability of concrete in some cases when used with replacement level up to 10% by the weight of fine aggregate.
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babu, G. Eziri, M. kiran kumar, B. Akshaya saroja, V. Venkata vamsi, K. Pavan Kumar, and K. Pawan Kalyan. "Analyzing The Performance of Environmental Friendly Concrete That Contains Acid-Treated (H2so4, H3po4) Recycled Aggregate." International Journal of Innovative Research in Computer Science and Technology 11, no. 3 (May 31, 2023): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.55524/ijircst.2023.11.3.13.
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Its poor quality was one of the key problems preventing recycled course aggregate (RCA) from being used in concrete mixes. The quality of recycled aggregate may be impacted by cement mortar on the surface of the material. The examination of recycled aggregate in various test results employing acid soaking treatment procedures utilizing sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid is the subject of this research. Natural aggregate, recycled aggregate, recycled aggregate with H2SO4 and recycled aggregate with H3PO4 are the four types of concrete mixtures that are made. Using these cleaned recycled aggregates in concrete has been proven to be beneficial. The strength and durability of concrete were also evaluated, and aggregate attributes were computed. The test findings showed. The behavior of recycled aggregate has changed according to the test results after being treated with acid. Out of these two acids, sulphuric acid treatment of recycled aggregates produced the best results, followed by phosphoric acid doing only marginally better. According to the overall research, employing treated recycled aggregate in concrete can significantly increase the strength and durability properties of concrete made using recycled aggregate.
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Abdayem, Joseph, Georges Aouad, and Marianne Saba. "Environmental impact assessment of industrial waste geopolymer material." E3S Web of Conferences 585 (2024): 07002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202458507002.
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Geopolymers have emerged as a sustainable alternative to conventional ordinary Portland cement concrete due to their compelling thermo-mechanical characteristics and impressive durability. Geopolymer aligns harmoniously with contemporary goals of engineering construction solutions that are stronger, environmentally sustainable, and ecologically friendly. This paper incorporates the environmental impact of various natural minerals and industrial waste materials integrated or reused in their formulation to further investigate geopolymers’ exceptional environmentally friendly attributes. Through careful exploration of the overall properties and characteristics of the materials used in geopolymer production, the work unveils the guiding principles behind selecting and utilizing these components, shedding light on their individual and collective contributions to the material’s overall eco-friendly characteristics. The results of this research elucidate the difference in chemical composition and the main source of the materials. The research done on the environmental impact of several geopolymer materials proves that geopolymers are indeed a suitable alternative to ordinary Portland cement concrete as geopolymer concrete reduces the amount of pollution and global warming, which renders geopolymers an environmentally friendly material that has excellent potential to replace ordinary Portland cement as a construction material. However, some of the materials used for geopolymer formulation still present potential harm to the environment.
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Tkach, Evgeniya, Vladimir Solovyov, and Semen Tkach. "Production of environmentally friendly aerated concrete with required construction and operational properties." MATEC Web of Conferences 143 (2018): 02010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814302010.
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The purpose of these studies is to justify the feasibility of recycling different types of industrial waste instead of conventional expensive raw materials in production of environmentally friendly aerated concrete with required construction and operational properties. The impact of wastes from various industries on the environmental condition of affected areas, as well as the results of their environmental assessment were analyzed to determine whether these wastes could be used in production of high-performance building materials. The assessment of industrial wastes in aerated concrete production suggests that industrial wastes of hazard class IV can be recycled to produce aerated concrete. An environmentally friendly method for large-scale waste recycling, including a two-step environmentally sustainable mechanism, was developed. The basic quality indicators of the modified aerated concrete proved that the environmental safety could be enhanced by strengthening the structure, increasing its uniformity and improving thermal insulation properties. The modified non-autoclaved aerated concrete products with improved physical and operational properties were developed. They have the following properties: density – D700; class of concrete – B3.5; thermal transmittance coefficient – 0.143 W/(m·°C); frost resistance – F75.
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Miranda, Alejandra, Ricardo Muñoz, Cristopher Aedo, Flavia Bustos, Víctor Tuninetti, Marian Valenzuela, Carlos Medina, and Angelo Oñate. "High-Performance Concrete from Rubber and Shell Waste Materials: Experimental and Computational Analysis." Materials 17, no. 22 (November 12, 2024): 5516. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17225516.
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Waste and its environmental impact have driven the search for sustainable solutions across various industries, including construction. This study explores the incorporation of solid waste in the production of eco-friendly structural concrete, aiming to reduce pollution and promote ecological and sustainable construction practices. In this context, two types of eco-friendly concrete were produced using marine shells and recycled rubber as waste materials and compared with conventional concrete through experimental and computational approaches. The results demonstrated that the concrete with marine shells achieved a compressive strength of 32.4 MPa, 26.5% higher than conventional concrete, and a 1% reduction in weight. In contrast, the recycled rubber concrete exhibited a compressive strength of 22.5 MPa, with a 2 MPa decrease compared to conventional concrete, but a 4.3% reduction in density. Computational analysis revealed that porosity affects Young’s modulus, directly resulting in a reduction in the maximum achievable strength. This work demonstrates that it is feasible to produce eco-friendly structural concrete through the proper integration of industrial waste, contributing to decarbonization and waste valorization.
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Tharun Teja, G., Yeswanth Paluri, Lavanya Devi Pampana, and Y. Rebka. "Evaluating the strength and durability characteristics of concrete incorporating steel slag, GGBS and silica fume." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2779, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2779/1/012004.
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Abstract The construction industry plays a noteworthy role in environmental degradation as it exhausts natural resources extensively. Utilising by-products and wastes in concrete is a sustainable approach to generating environmentally-friendly concrete. This paper aims to create an environmentally friendly concrete by incorporating Steel Slag, GGBS, and Silica Fume in concrete. The study concentrates on the effect of Steel Slag (aggregates replacement) and GGBS & Silica Fume (as supplementary cementitious material) on the strength and durability characteristics of concrete. The experimental programme demonstrates that incorporating Steel slag as aggregate substitute hindered the strength properties of the concrete and improved the durability. The use of Supplementary Cementitious Materials (SCMs) into steel slag concrete greatly enhance its strength and durability. SS50G20SF10 mix had strength properties similar to that of CM, while the mix had a superior durability compared to CM. Overall, this study’s findings indicate that using Steel Slag in combination with SCMs enhances concrete’s overall performance and suggests that it might be a more environmentally friendly and sustainable option than normal concrete.
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Salman, Ban Abdulkarim, and Mohammed Zuhear Al-Mulali. "Production of Sustainable Foam Concrete using Foam Concrete Block Waste as Partial Cement Replacement." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 15, no. 1 (February 2, 2025): 20162–66. https://doi.org/10.48084/etasr.9655.
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As the global population continues to grow, the cost and environmental challenges associated with traditional construction materials, like cement and river sand, are becoming increasingly significant. The present study examines an alternative environmentally friendly approach to typical building materials. It thus aims to evaluate the feasibility of using foam concrete block waste as a partial replacement for cement to create eco-friendly foamed concrete products. The experimental program involved the deployment of specific machines to prepare finely ground foam concrete waste with a particle size equivalent to that of cement. The replacement levels were 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% by weight of cement. The effects of the different replacement ratios on the foamed concrete properties were investigated and compared with the control cement-foamed concrete.
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Freeda Christy, Clementz Edwardraj, and Arputharaj Samson Nesaraj. "A DETAILED REVIEW OF THE CHEMISTRY OF GEOPOLYMER MATERIALS: SPECIAL FOCUS ON CIVIL ENGINEERING APPLICATION." RASAYAN Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 01 (2025): 254–65. https://doi.org/10.31788/rjc.2025.1819077.
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Geopolymer is an innovative and eco-friendly inorganic building material that is becoming increasingly popular as a sustainable alternative material for Portland cement concrete in the construction sector. Unlike Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC), which primarily comprises limestone and clay extracted in large quantities from the earth, its production minimizes environmental harm. Geopolymer concrete, in contrast, is formed using industrial waste materials like fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), combined with appropriate aggregates and an activating solution. Geopolymer-based concrete offers an eco-friendly substitute for traditional concrete, helping reduce the environmental damage caused by cement production while utilizing industrial waste materials, improving durability, and offering significant energy savings. The physicochemical characteristics of Geopolymer concrete (GPC), such as heat of hydration, shrinkage, chemical resistance, and fire resistance, are found to be excellent compared to OPC-based concrete. Another important advantage of GPC is its ability to easily adsorb radioactive substances present in the environment. GPC is considered a sustainable alternative to OPC-based concrete, offering significant environmental benefits and contributing to a more sustainable future. This review article focuses on the methodology for preparing GPC, its main ingredients, and its properties. The prospects of geopolymer concrete are also discussed.
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Resende, Douglas Mol, José Maria Franco de Carvalho, Bárbara Oliveira Paiva, Gustavo dos Reis Gonçalves, Lais Cristina Barbosa Costa, and Ricardo André Fiorotti Peixoto. "Sustainable Structural Lightweight Concrete with Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate Waste Aggregate." Buildings 14, no. 3 (February 26, 2024): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14030609.
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Plastic is a widely consumed material with a high decomposition time, occupying significant space in landfills and dumps. Thus, strategies to reuse plastic waste are imperative for environmental benefit. Plastic waste is a promising eco-friendly building material for cement-based composites due to its reduced specific gravity and thermal conductivity. However, this waste reduces the composites’ mechanical strength. This work aims to produce and evaluate lightweight concretes made with only lightweight aggregates and mostly recycled plastic aggregates. Initially, an optimized dosage approach for lightweight concrete is presented. The mixture proportion of the lightweight concrete was based on the performance of mortars with the complete replacement of natural aggregate by recycled polyethylene terephthalate (PET) aggregates. The PET aggregates showed irregular shapes, impairing workability and providing lightweight concretes with around 18% water absorption and 21% void index. However, the concretes presented significantly low-unit weight, approximately 1200 kg/m3. This work presented a structural lightweight concrete (ACI 213-R) using only lightweight aggregates and mostly plastic waste aggregate, with a compressive strength of up to 17.6 MPa, a unit weight of 1282 kg/m3, and an efficiency factor of 12.3 MPa·cm3/g. The study shows that with an optimum dosage, reusing plastic waste in concrete is a viable alternative contributing to environmental sustainability.
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Kushal, Bheemshetty, Khanapuram Anand Goud, Kodcherwar Akshay Kumar, and U. Vamsi Mohan. "Performance Prediction of Eco-Friendly Concrete with Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)." E3S Web of Conferences 596 (2024): 01021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202459601021.
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Concrete is renowned for its durability and versatility in construction, making it essential for global infrastructure development. Its extensive use contributes significantly to carbon emissions and environmental harm. In response, eco-friendly concrete has developed as a viable option, including elements such as Alccofine and Graphene oxide to improve performance while lowering environmental effect. In this study Alccofine, which accounts for 10% of the mix, replaces a portion of the Ordinary Portland cement with a supplemental substance obtained from industrial slag, minimizing the concrete's carbon footprint. Graphene oxide, at 0.045%, improves mechanical strength potentially increasing the concrete's lifespan and lowering maintenance requirements when compared to typical mixes. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) serve as a reliable way for properly estimating the compressive strength of environmentally friendly concrete. By training ANNs on 80% of the datasets containing composition variables, curing conditions, and other important parameters, the models capture complicated, complex relationships and was tested on the remaining 20% to forecast compressive strength with minimal error. The Decision Tree Regressor scored a training precision of 0.4679 and a testing precision of 0.2955, while the Random Forest Regressor scored a training precision of 0.4592 and a testing precision of 0.3010. Based on these findings, The Random Forest Regressor's higher accuracy in prediction establishes it as the more effective model for this purpose. According to the results, the ANN can effectively learn and recognise patterns to forecasting the compressive strength of environmentally friendly concrete. This demonstrates the potential of machine learning techniques to optimize environmentally friendly concrete mixtures and propel advancements in concrete technology.
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Kim, Tae Hyoung, and Chang U. Chae. "Proposal of Eco-Efficiency Evaluation Method for Concrete Using Equivalent Durability on Carbonation." Applied Mechanics and Materials 864 (April 2017): 284–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.864.284.
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The importance of environmental consequences due to diverse substances that are emitted during the production of concrete is recognized, but environmental performance tends to be evaluated separately from the economic performance and durability performance of concrete. In order to evaluate concrete from the perspective of sustainable development, evaluation technologies are required for comprehensive assessment of environmental performance, economic performance, and durability performance based on a concept of sustainable development called the triple bottom line (TBL). Herein an assessment method for concrete eco-efficiency is developed as a technique to ensure the manufacture of highly durable and eco-friendly concrete, while minimizing both the load on the ecological environment and manufacturing costs. The assessment method is based on environmental impact, manufacturing costs, and the service life of concrete.
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Mansourghanaei, Mohammadhossein. "Investigating the Mechanical and Durability Properties of Geopolymer Concrete Based on Granulated Blast Furnace Slag as Green Concrete." Journal of Civil Engineering Researchers 5, no. 3 (July 25, 2023): 24–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.61186/jcer.5.3.24.
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Geopolymer concretes (GPCs) are known as green, environmentally friendly, sustainable concretes in the development of the structural industry with superior mechanical performance and durability compared to ordinary Portland cement concrete (OPCC). This type of concrete emits less CO2 than OPCC and aims for efficient waste management while reducing environmental impacts. In this experimental research, 5 mixed designs were made of GPC based on granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS), which contains 0-8% Nano silica (NS) and 1-2% polyolefin fibers (POFs). A mixed design was also made of OPCC to compare with GPC. The tests of compressive strength, tensile strength, drop weight impact (DWI), Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), water permeability and microstructural examination by scanning electron microscope (SEM) images and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy were performed on concrete samples and the results were analyzed and compared. The results obtained in this laboratory research, while overlapping with each other, indicate the superiority of mechanical properties and durability of GPC compared to OPCC.
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Gengan, Gavin, and Hsein Kew. "Environmental assessment of recycled glass aggregates in reinforced concrete." Theory and Building Practice 2023, no. 1 (June 20, 2023): 92–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/jtbp2023.01.092.
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The sustainability of the concrete industry is in jeopardy due to the use of natural resources which impacts the environment. A swift shift towards sustainable thinking is required considering the emergency triggered by human activity on the climate. Glass concrete (GC) has sparked curiosity of the construction industry owing to its environmentally friendly approach. This article examines the environmental implications of partially replacing natural aggregates in concrete with recycled glass aggregate at various percentages i.e. 10%, 25%, 50%, and 75% which is then compared to controlled concrete specimen (CC). The assessment indicated 287 kgCO2Eq were generated for control concrete (CC), whereas concrete with 20% glass aggregate (GA) resulted in 258 kgCO2Eq. global warming potential. Likewise, M25 concrete was reported to have 1.68 kgCFC-11Eq compared to 1.85 kgCFC-11Eq for natural aggregate concrete. Even though glass concrete demonstrates lower values in several environmental effects, there is need for improvement in impact categories including acidification and respiratory organics.
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Akter, Shaheda T., and Allan Hawas. "Current Insight on Eco-Friendly Concrete: A Review." Buildings 15, no. 5 (February 21, 2025): 682. https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050682.
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Concrete is known for its high structural performance and workability, but its environmental impact is significant in terms of the utilization of virgin resources and greenhouse gas emissions. To mitigate the negative climate effects of concrete, it is essential to continuously develop and adopt eco-friendly practices in the construction sector. This paper provides an overview of current practices, opportunities, and challenges for developing and adopting eco-friendly concrete. Promising paths for eco-friendly concrete construction include using supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) instead of energy-intensive traditional cement, incorporating locally available, waste-based materials rather than virgin resources, adopting recycling and reusing techniques, employing advanced technologies, such as performance-enhanced concrete and carbon capture and utilization techniques, etc. Among the studied materials, some waste materials such as rice husk ash, mine tailings, and municipal solid waste ash have found potential and demand further research. The adoption of new materials in concrete and attributing them in practices faces significant social, economic, and regulatory challenges. Addressing these obstacles requires interdisciplinary research and development, the establishment of clear standards and incentives, and educating skilled professionals and efforts to raise social awareness.
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MIYAHARA, Shigeyoshi, Masataka OGINO, Eiji OWAKI, and Eisuke NAKAMURA. "DURABILITY OF ENVIRONMENTAL-FRIENDLY CONCRETE EVALUATED FROM EXPOSURE TEST AND INDOOR TEST." Cement Science and Concrete Technology 70, no. 1 (2016): 443–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14250/cement.70.443.
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Zhang, Na, Hongxu Li, Dandan Peng, and Xiaoming Liu. "Properties evaluation of silica-alumina based concrete: Durability and environmental friendly performance." Construction and Building Materials 115 (July 2016): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2016.04.043.
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Mushtaq, A., S. Ali, A. H. Chaudhry, N. Sial, M. Aslam, and H. Batool. "Geopolymers as Supplementary Cementitious Materials to Reduce Carbon Dioxide Emissions." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 24, S1 (January 16, 2025): 417–29. https://doi.org/10.46488/nept.2024.v24is1.033.
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Geopolymers are an alternative and sustainable substitute for ordinary Portland cement (OPC) Geopolymers are being investigated as supplementary cementitious materials to lower carbon dioxide emissions in the building sector. To lower emissions, geopolymer concrete also improves the environment by substituting OPC with supplementary cementitious materials. In addition to keeping waste out of landfills, it produces lightweight, environmentally friendly building materials that fit the circular economy model. Geopolymer concrete reduces global warming as compared to traditional OPC concrete, offering sustainable solutions for construction applications and mitigating carbon dioxide emissions, thereby promoting sustainable development in the construction sector. In the building sector, geopolymer materials provide environmentally friendly substitutes for OPC materials by enhancing water absorption, lowering carbon dioxide emissions, and fostering environmental sustainability. In terms of mechanical qualities, robustness, and environmental sustainability, geopolymers have demonstrated encouraging outcomes.
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Herki, Bengin M. A. "Strength and Absorption Study on Eco-Efficient Concrete Using Recycled Powders as Mineral Admixtures under Various Curing Conditions." Recycling 9, no. 5 (October 15, 2024): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/recycling9050099.
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Durable building materials are essential for sustainability in construction projects, aiming to reduce environmental damage from the start to the end of a building’s life. Reducing the use of Portland cement in concrete production is essential because of the significant CO2 emissions generated globally during its production process. This study investigates the workability, compressive strength, and water absorption of concrete when Portland cement is partially substituted with waste glass powder (WGP) and recycled concrete powder (RCP). These two waste powders can be used to partially substitute Portland cement in order to produce environmentally friendly concrete. The activity of the particles in concrete made from these two waste powders is mostly determined by the type and rate of the powders, as well as the curing methods. Therefore, the current research examines how different curing conditions impact the workability, compressive strength, and water absorption characteristics of this innovative eco-friendly concrete that includes the abovementioned waste powders. According to the experimental results obtained, adequate strength can be achieved using an appropriate replacement level of the powders and curing methods. Therefore, the application of these two recycled mineral admixtures in concrete can save Portland cement and has certain environmental and economic benefits.
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K, Praveen Kumar. "Investigating Concrete Properties with Partial Replacement of Cement by Alccofine and Eggshell Powder." INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, no. 04 (April 26, 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem31713.
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In this study, we investigate the effect of substituting cement with Alccofine and eggshell powder on the strength properties of concrete. Cement production is a significant source of carbon dioxide emissions, prompting the search for sustainable alternatives. Our research aims to address this environmental concern by evaluating the potential of Alccofine and eggshell powder as partial cement replacements while maintaining or enhancing concrete quality. We prepared various concrete mixtures with a constant 10% substitution of Alccofine, combined with different proportions of eggshell powder replacing cement (ranging from 0% to 20%). Through thorough testing including compressive, split tensile and flexural strength assessments, we analyzed the mechanical performance of these mixtures. Our findings demonstrate that Alccofine and eggshell powder can effectively substitute cement in concrete, providing a more environmentally friendly option that improves material strength. However, further research is needed to optimize the mix proportions and assess long-term durability in diverse environmental conditions. Notably, combining eggshell powder with Alccofine presents a promising approach to enhancing concrete performance while reducing the environmental impact of cement production. This study contributes to advancing sustainable practices in concrete construction, promoting the use of eco-friendly building materials. Key Words: Alccofine, eggshell powder, compressive, split tensile and flexural strength.
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Fouad, Fouad, Wessam Ramadan, Torsten Schoch, and Jason Kirby. "Environmental performance of autoclaved aerated concrete in the USA." ce/papers 6, no. 2 (September 2023): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cepa.2223.
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AbstractAutoclaved aerated concrete (AAC) is a lightweight, cellular concrete, and eco‐friendly building material that has a low environmental impact at all stages of its life cycle. Production of AAC requires less energy than other masonry products, thereby reducing the use of fossil fuels and associated carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. AAC is an environmentally responsible building material that conserves material and energy consumption during manufacture as well as promotes energy efficiency in the performance of buildings.Life cycle assessment (LCA) is the chosen method to evaluate the environmental performance of AAC, which is summarized in identifying, evaluating, and interpreting the environmental effects including material, natural resources, energy consumption, environmental burdens of a product, process, or activity. A cradle to gate (CTGt) analysis is chosen for this study which assesses a product's environmental footprint from raw materials extraction until the end of manufacturing. LCA has been conducted for an arbitrary facility in the USA, assumed to be located in the state of Georgia. The expected annual production and facility energy consumption is based on the business model of Xella's German facilities.The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the potential of AAC performance as an efficient building material with an environmentally friendly advantage compared to other conventional construction materials.
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topçu, ilker bekir. "Self-Cleaning Concretes: An Overview." Journal of Cement Based Composites 1, no. 2 (September 18, 2020): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36937/cebacom.2020.002.002.
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Many studies have been carried out on the problems of civil engineering with the change of human problems today and in the past. These studies contributed to the development of concrete technology. Concrete is an important building material consisting of mixing aggregate, cement and water with or without chemical and mineral additives since the first day of use. Concrete technology has made great progress and continues. With developing concrete technology, self-cleaning concretes have emerged. Many studies have been conducted on self-cleaning concretes by researchers. This article reviews the research published on self-cleaning concretes and presents its role in reducing environmental pollution and its place in future engineering studies. When we look at the studies on self-cleaning concretes that emerged as a result of the developments in concrete technology, it is seen that the developments have progressed considerably. Contemporary civil engineering has provided a highly effective solution for the solution of modern problems. Environmentally friendly building materials will fulfil their duty in reducing air pollution, one of the biggest problems of our time. Self-cleaning buildings and roads that reduce pollution may sound like futuristic ideas, but it is not far away to encounter these structures more widely in our country and our world.
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Al-Taai, Salwa R., Noralhuda M. Azize, Zainab Abdulrdha Thoeny, Hamza Imran, Luís F. A. Bernardo, and Zainab Al-Khafaji. "XGBoost Prediction Model Optimized with Bayesian for the Compressive Strength of Eco-Friendly Concrete Containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag and Recycled Coarse Aggregate." Applied Sciences 13, no. 15 (August 2, 2023): 8889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13158889.
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The construction industry has witnessed a substantial increase in the demand for eco-friendly and sustainable materials. Eco-friendly concrete containing Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS) and Recycled Coarse Aggregate (RCA) is such a material, which can contribute to a reduction in waste and promote environmental sustainability. Compressive strength is a crucial parameter in evaluating the performance of concrete. However, predicting the compressive strength of concrete containing GGBFS and RCA can be challenging. This study presents a novel XGBoost (eXtreme Gradient Boosting) prediction model for the compressive strength of eco-friendly concrete containing GGBFS and RCA, optimized using Bayesian optimization (BO). The model was trained on a comprehensive dataset consisting of several mix design parameters. The performance of the optimized XGBoost model was assessed using multiple evaluation metrics, including Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), and coefficient of determination (R2). These metrics were calculated for both training and testing datasets to evaluate the model’s accuracy and generalization capabilities. The results demonstrated that the optimized XGBoost model outperformed other state-of-the-art machine learning models, such as Support Vector Regression (SVR), and K-nearest neighbors algorithm (KNN), in predicting the compressive strength of eco-friendly concrete containing GGBFS and RCA. An analysis using Partial Dependence Plots (PDP) was carried out to discern the influence of distinct input features on the compressive strength prediction. This PDP analysis highlighted the water-to-binder ratio, the age of the concrete, and the percentage of GGBFS used, as significant factors impacting the compressive strength of the eco-friendly concrete.
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Khamid, Muh, Setya Raharja, Aqsal Rizky Ramadhan, Ridwan Eko Apriyanto, and Khatibul Umam Salam. "IMPLEMENTATION OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL CARE AND CULTURE MOVEMENT IN SCHOOLS." JURNAL EDUSCIENCE 12, no. 2 (March 6, 2025): 297–312. https://doi.org/10.36987/jes.v12i2.6923.
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Purpose–This research aims to describe the implementation of the Environmental Care and Culture Movement in Schools at the National Adiwiyata SchoolMethodology–The research uses a qualitative approach in the type of case study at SMA Negeri 2 Wates. Data sources include school principals, vice principals for curriculum, heads of adiwiyata, teachers, adiwiyata cadres, school committees, curriculum documents, and other related documents. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and document studies. Data analysis uses an interactive model.Findings–The implementation is carried out with various concrete actions that integrate aspects of Environmentally Friendly Behavior, namely cleanliness, sanitation and drainage functions, waste management, planting and maintenance of trees/plants, water conservation, energy conservation, and innovations related to Environmentally Friendly Behavior into learning in all subjects, extracurricular activities, and self-habituation of school residents. Environmentally Friendly Behavior is applied to the surrounding community through community-based programs. The SchoolSchool establishes a working network with external parties to support the movement's sustainability. Campaigns and publications are carried out through concrete actions to increase environmental awareness. Schools form and empower adiwiyata cadres as agents of change that can encourage and mobilize school residents to implement environmentally friendly behaviors and the formation of adiwiyata ambassadors.Significance—Schools can consider the study's results to effectively manage and implement the Environmental Care and Culture Movement in Schools in the National Adiwiyata. Keywords : Implementation, Environmental care, Culture movement schools
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Xia, Yan. "The Development and Application of Foam Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (April 2014): 1962–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.1962.
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Foam concrete is a new kind of energy-saving and environmentally friendly building materials. The main features of foam concrete are lightweight,thermal insulation performance,sound proof performance,waterproof performance,environmental performance,etc;Study the principle of the preparation of foam concrete and the preparation process;Overview the research progress of application at home and abroad;The problems of the application on foam concrete and the prospect are shown.
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Park, Sehwan, and Junkyeong Kim. "Performance Assessment of Concrete Using Discarded Membrane Filter Materials." Water 14, no. 14 (July 8, 2022): 2167. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14142167.
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Currently, membrane filters, which need to be replaced regularly as they get worn, are used in filtration facilities globally. The old membrane filters and housings become continuous industrial waste and are currently 100% incinerated. To solve this environmental problem, this study proposes the development of an eco-friendly concrete by mixing waste membrane resources with concrete. Through this, the environmental pollution and wastage of resources due to incineration, and the enormous amount of carbon dioxide generated during cement production, can be decreased by reducing the cement required when mixing concrete. To this end, the membrane module outer surface (acrylic butadiene styrene, ABS) and inner membrane (poly vinylidene fluoride, PVDF) were extracted from the waste membrane system and pulverized. Different mix ratios of 1%, 3%, and 5% for replacing cement were used when mixing concrete. The test specimens were then tested and compared with the reference concrete (ordinary Portland cement) specimen. It was confirmed that the compressive strength was high after 28 days in all the specimens to which ABS was added at 1%, 3%, and 5% mix ratios. Therefore, the possibility of technological development of eco-friendly concrete using waste resources from membrane filtration facilities was verified.
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Fasasi, M. O. "ANALYSIS OF TIMBERCRETE: SAWDUST-INFUSED CONCRETE MIXTURES." Open Journal of Environmental Research (ISSN: 2734-2085) 5, no. 1 (May 15, 2024): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.52417/ojer.v5i1.591.
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This investigation aims to advance sustainable construction practices by investigating the feasibility and environmental benefits of incorporating sawdust instead of sand in concrete mixtures. By using sawdust, a byproduct of the forestry industry, in the process of making concrete, the investigation addresses the pressing need for resource conservation and waste reduction, since the construction sector is a significant user of raw materials. According to British European Norm Standard BS 8500-2:2023 for C35 grade concrete, the experimental programme examines how different percentages of sawdust (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and 25%) substituted for sand affect the physical characteristics of concrete, including its compressive strength, dry density, and water absorption. The workability, consistency, and strength of the sawdust-incorporated concrete mixes were assessed by a combination of techniques including sieve analysis, slump testing, casting and curing procedures, and compression tests. The results indicate a potential reduction in material costs and environmental impact with the ideal sawdust content by showing a negative association between the amount of sawdust and the concrete's density and compressive strength. A larger sawdust content was associated with higher rates of water absorption, highlighting the hygroscopic nature of sawdust and its implications for the durability of concrete. According to the investigation's results, it is possible to substitute concrete with up to 5% sawdust, providing an environmentally friendly alternative to conventional concrete while still having sufficient mechanical properties for use in construction. It is recommended that further research be conducted to improve sawdust's compatibility with cementitious materials, increase the durability of sawdust-incorporated concrete, and create industry guidelines for its use. This investigation contributes to the body of knowledge on environmentally friendly building materials by promoting the use of sawdust and other eco-friendly substitutes in the building sector to reduce negative effects on the environment and increase resource efficiency.
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Heka Ardana, Putu Doddy, Rani Eka Arini, and Yana Priyana. "Analysis of the Effect of the Use of Environmentally Friendly Building Materials on the Stability of Tall Building Structures in Jakarta." West Science Interdisciplinary Studies 2, no. 04 (April 30, 2024): 851–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.58812/wsis.v2i04.819.
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The construction industry's significant environmental impact has prompted a shift towards environmentally friendly building materials to mitigate environmental degradation while maintaining structural stability. This quantitative study investigates the effect of using environmentally friendly building materials on the stability of tall building structures in Jakarta, Indonesia. Employing a mixed-methods approach, survey data collection, and structural analysis techniques were utilized to examine the relationship between building material choices and structural stability. Statistical analyses revealed a strong preference for environmentally friendly materials among participants, with sustainable timber and eco-friendly concrete substitutes receiving high ratings. Moreover, participants expressed confidence in the structural integrity of tall buildings constructed using these materials. Correlation and regression analyses further demonstrated significant positive relationships between preferences for environmentally friendly building materials, perceived structural stability, and environmental sustainability practices. The findings underscore the potential of environmentally friendly building materials to enhance both structural stability and environmental sustainability in tall building construction.
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Ma, Hai Yan, Hong Fa Yu, Wen Tao Cao, Kang Bai, Peng Zhou, and Li Juan Han. "Freeze-Thaw Durability of Portland Cement Concrete Subjected to Aircraft Deicer." Advanced Materials Research 152-153 (October 2010): 1856–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.152-153.1856.
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Influence of glycol, which is the main composition of the most frequently used aircraft dicer, on the freeze-thaw durability of Portland cement concrete were investigated. Freeze-thaw durability of Portland cement concrete was tested by accelerated freeze-thaw test. Four kinds of solutions, namely tap water, 3.5% NaCl solution, glycol solutions and a LBR-A type commercial aircraft deicer were employed to be the freezing-thawing mediums. Results show that freeze-thaw durability of concrete exposed to glycol solutions is closely related to the solution concentrations. Failure of concretes exposed to 3.5% glycol solution is similar to that of those exposed 3.5% NaCl solution, which are attributed to serious surface scaling. While damage of concrete exposed to 12.5% and 25% glycol solutions are postponed, and the durability of concrete are increased. Compared with glycol solution, the commercial aircraft deicer demonstrated much more negative effect to concrete freeze-thaw durability, and the degree even exceeds 3.5% NaCl solution. Consequently, the commercial aircraft deicer is not a kind of environmental friendly deicer as usually considered.
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Pushkar, Svetlana, Ido Halperin, and Yuri Ribakov. "Life-Cycle Assessment of Contemporary and Classical Seismic Retrofitting Approaches Applied to a Reinforced Concrete Building in Israel." Buildings 12, no. 11 (November 2, 2022): 1854. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12111854.
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This study aims to select an eco-friendly earthquake-resistant design using life-cycle assessments (LCAs). The study compares LCAs of three retrofitting cases: concrete shear-wall strengthening (Case 1); reinforced concrete column jacketing with shear-wall strengthening (Case 2); and high-damping rubber bearing base isolation with viscous fluid damping devices (Case 3). These cases were applied to a five-story reinforced concrete building built according to the design principles widely used in Israel in the 1970s. The seismic-bearing capacity of the retrofitted building was improved in all three cases, where Case 3 was observed as being the most effective retrofitting measure. The environmental performance of the retrofitting measures was assessed using the ReCiPe 2016 midpoint, which indicated that Case 3 was the best with the least environmental impact, Case 1 was intermediate with moderate environmental impact, and Case 2 was the worst with the most environmental impact. However, the ReCiPe 2016 endpoint single-score results showed that Case 3 caused significantly less damage than Cases 1 and 2, which caused similar significant environmental damage. These results indicate that LCA should be used to select an eco-friendly earthquake-resistant design.
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Parah Salsabeel Jalal, Vikas Srivastava, and A. K. Tiwari. "Geopolymer Concrete: An Alternative to Conventional Concrete for Sustainable Construction." Journal of Environmental Nanotechnology 13, no. 4 (December 30, 2024): 218–25. https://doi.org/10.13074/jent.2024.12.2441122.
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Geopolymer concrete is a sustainable alternative to conventional concrete, offering significant environmental protection and carbon reduction benefits. This study presents a comparative analysis between Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC)-based conventional concrete (CC) and geopolymer concrete (GPC) utilizing ultrafine fly ash (UFFA) and ultrafine ground-granulated blast furnace slag (UFGGBS) as binders, with identical binder-to-aggregate ratios. GPC was developed using sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate as alkaline activators, while CC relied on OPC as its binding agent. The mechanical properties and durability of GPC were evaluated under controlled conditions. The results demonstrated that GPC is comparable to CC in terms of strength and durability. Moreover, GPC reduces CO2 emissions by incorporating industrial by-products such as fly ash and slag as binders, replacing energy-intensive Portland cement and significantly lowering greenhouse gas emissions. This underscores the potential of GPC as a sustainable, eco-friendly material for modern construction, supporting environmental conservation and sustainability.
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Lee, Sang Ho, Hee Bum Pyun, Chae Sung Gee, and Jong Bin Park. "Development of Environmental-Friendly Water-Retentive Asphalt and its Characteristics." Materials Science Forum 620-622 (April 2009): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.620-622.201.
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Urban area may be warmer than surrounding regions due to asphalt and concrete for roads, buildings, and other artificial structures. Especially, pavements have become an important contributor to this effect by altering land-cover over significant portions of an urban area. Therefore, researchers have studied ways to reduce the heat island effect such as cooling pavement, porous pavements such as water-retentive or water absorbing pavements. Accordingly, this study aims at the development of water-retention asphalt pavement for urban areas in order to solve problems related to the distortion of water cycle and the heat island phenomena. Experimental results indicated that asphalt pavement using developed water retaining material was effective to decrease its surface temperature compare to other pavements. A correlation between air temperature and surface temperature of the pavement was obtained to estimate the efficiency of the developed pavement materials.
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Bhagat, G. V., and P. P. Savoikar. "Auditing carbon reduction potential of green concrete using life cycle assessment methodology." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 850, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/850/1/012002.
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Abstract The production of concrete in its traditional form have reported a notable impact on the environment in terms of resource depletion and the carbon footprint it generates in the entire life cycle. To reduce these impacts, the ‘Green Concrete’ concept is at focal point of research in the construction industry. The advantage of resource conservation of ‘Green concrete’s is evident from usage of industrial by-products like fly ash, blast furnace slag, silica fume etc. as alternative binder materials and recycled wastes like construction and demolished waste and other industrial wastes as aggregate fillers. However, the quantification of environmental impact of such concretes in terms of most crucial emissions, like CO2 emissions in an objective way would confirm the eco-friendly face of ‘Green concrete’. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is one of the most trusted tools to arrive at carbon score of such green concrete. This paper presents a step-by-step procedure of estimation of carbon footprint of a green concrete considering all possible phases of the life cycle of concrete including the post use phase. The conclusive findings from available literature for different types of ‘Green concrete’ are also presented to reflect the environmental advantage/disadvantage. The effect of system boundary, carbon uptake and allocation of impact are also discussed with reference to the results available in the literature.
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Setiawan, Agustinus Agus, Harianto Hardjasaputra, and Roesdiman Soegiarso. "Embodied carbon dioxide of fly ash based geopolymer concrete." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1195, no. 1 (June 1, 2023): 012031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1195/1/012031.
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Abstract Concrete is one of the most widely used construction materials in most construction works around the world. Concrete materials are generally composed of several basic materials, namely Portland cement (OPC), coarse aggregate, fine aggregate and water as a cement reagent. However, in recent years, environmental issues have made concrete a material that is less friendly to the environment. This is due to the high CO2 content in the Portland cement (OPC) manufacturing process. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate to replace OPC materials with other materials that are more environmentally friendly. One of the substitutes for OPC is fly ash. Geopolymer concrete is a concrete material that has a cement content of 0%.From the results of these calculations, it can be seen that the amount of carbon contained in 1m3, normal concrete is 552.22 kg, while in geopolymer concrete it is 242.87 kg, or lower by 309.35 kg. This carbon emission calculation value is only based on the A1-A3 carbon factor value. This indicates that the use of geopolymer concrete can reduce carbon emissions by up to 56.02%.
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Muthusami, Yogasree, Kuchi Phani Soumika, Pandiyarajan, N. Sivakumar, and B. Mahalingam. "Influence of fly ash on rheological behaviour of HVFA concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 400 (2024): 01001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202440001001.
Full textAbstract:
High-volume fly Ash (HVFA) concrete has gained significant attention recently due to its potential for reducing environmental impact and improving long-term durability. This project investigates HVFA’s influence on concrete rheology, aiming to explore its applicability in sustainable construction. HVFA concrete mixes M1 (30% fly ash), M2 (40% fly ash), and M3 (50% fly ash) were prepared, varying fly ash percentages as a partial cement replacement. Fresh concrete tests, including slump cone and flow table tests, assessed workability and flow characteristics. Hardened samples underwent compressive and split tensile strength tests to evaluate mechanical properties. Results provided insights into HVFA concrete rheology, focusing on workability, flowability, and mechanical performance. Additionally, the study explores potential environmental benefits and challenges linked to HVFA concrete. These findings aid in advancing sustainable concrete technologies, offering crucial insights for engineers, architects, and policymakers seeking innovative, eco-friendly construction materials and practices while addressing environmental challenges related to HVFA concrete.