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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental geochemistry'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Krishnamurthy, Prabakaran. "Environmental Geochemistry of the Lower Baram River, Borneo." Thesis, Curtin University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/59727.

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In order to understand the environmental geochemistry of the Lower Baram River, seasonal surface water and sediment samples, core sediments, and root, bark and leaves from mangrove trees were collected and examined for major, trace and rare earth elements. The provenance and prevailing geochemical processes which govern the characteristics of water and sediments were revealed. Further, risk assessment and bioaccumulation of trace elements as well as the mechanism of element uptake in mangroves were discussed.

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2

Dredge, Jonathan. "Aerosol contributions to speleothem geochemistry." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/5136/.

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There is developing interest in cave aerosols due to the increasing awareness of their impacts on the cave environment and speleothems. This study presents the first multidisciplinary investigation into cave aerosols and their contribution to speleothem geochemistry. Modern monitoring of suspended aerosol concentrations, CO2 and temperature in Gough’s Cave, Cheddar Gorge have presented a strong relationship with cave ventilation processes. Temporal variations of aerosol levels have demonstrated the ability of aerosol monitoring to record seasonal ventilation shifts, beyond anthropogenic influe

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3

Harraway, Trevor John. "Chemical characterisation of landfill leachate and its potential mobility through the Cape Flats sand." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/26218.

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4

Miller, Sarah Jane. "Geochemistry of ferruginous clogging of Karoo wells." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4213.

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Summary in English.<br>Includes bibliographical references.<br>The main source of potable water in the Karoo is groundwater and thus any problems resulting from the abstraction of water or from diffifulties in abstractions of water are important. The iron clogging of screens, pumps and filter packs in supply wells is a worldwide problem and the consequences can be severe, leading to costly and harsh rehabilitation measures or even loss of the well. A study was undertaken in order to determine the chemistry and morphology of the precipitates found in relation to the water chemistry, in several

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5

Chowdhury, Md Abu Raihan. "Removal of Select Chlorinated Hydrocarbons by Nanoscale Zero-valent Iron Supported on Powdered Activated Charcoal." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1496150130687849.

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6

Smith, Jason Alistair Christian. "The marine environmental geochemistry of the southern Baltic Sea." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/16931.

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The initial focus of this research sought to investigate the marine geochemistry of radium and barium in order to elucidate upon the processes governing circulation patterns and residence times in the southern Baltic Sea. The project has since developed and transformed into a detailed study of the spatial and temporal distribution of a select group of metals, and in some respects pollutants, in the region north of the river Oder where it discharges into the Baltic Sea. A transect of progressively deepening water depths, thought to trace the major outflow of the river Oder into a depositional b

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7

Lax, Kaj. "Environmental applications of biogeochemical data from Geological Survey of Sweden." Licentiate thesis, Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2005/95.

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8

Zhao, Linduo. "Iron redox process in clay minerals and its environmental significance." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1438388284.

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9

Huebner, Ralf. "Sediment geochemistry : a case study approach." Thesis, Bournemouth University, 2009. http://eprints.bournemouth.ac.uk/13139/.

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The geochemistry of sediments is a very wide field and several important aspects must be taken into account, including, but not limited to, various methodological questions, the analysis of distribution patterns, determination of origins and the assessment of risks. Therefore, this research project adapted a case study approach and analysed several important aspects of contamination in sediments at a time. In case study 1, the distribution of metals in the sediments was analysed in Bigge and Olpe, two small and fast running watercourses in Germany. The metal/metalloid concentrations showed ver

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10

Hartland, Adam. "Colloidal geochemistry of speleothem-forming groundwaters." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1659/.

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Natural aquatic colloids (solids with dimensions between 1 nm and 1 micron) were studied in cave waters that feed secondary carbonates [speleothems]. Results show that during hydrologically quiescent periods, trace metal (Tr) binding (e.g. Cu, Ni, Co) is dominated by humic-like, natural organic matter (NOM), with the smallest NOM-Tr complexes (≤1 to ca. 4 nm diameter) being the least labile at high pH (>pH 10). Partitioning of NOM:Tr between solution and crystal occurs minimally for the strongest complexes, providing a measure of NOM adsorption. Rapid fluxes of coarse (>100 nm) soil organic ma

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11

Lanyon, Ruth. "Arsenic dispersion associated with the Barbrook gold mine in the Mpumalanga Province of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22169.

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Bibliography: pages 123-137.<br>Arseniferous sulphide-hosted gold deposits associated with the Barberton greenstone belt, located in the Mpumalanga province of South Africa, have been mined on various scales since late last century. The Barbrook mine is located close to the Swaziland border in an area of the Barberton mountainlands which forms part of the Kaap subcatchment of the Crocodile River. Scattered small communities depend on local streams and boreholes in the area for drinking and irrigation water. Hence, the prime motivation for this study was the potential risk to human health assoc

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12

Ceruti, Portia Odessyl. "Crushed rock and clay amelioration of a nutrient decifient, sandy soil of Maputaland." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9881.

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Bibliography: leaves 57-62.<br>Various studies have suggested the possibility that food derived through subsistence agriculture in the Mseleni region of Maputaland contributes to malnutrition within the local community, particularfy within the high proportion of the population which suffers from a severe, disabling form of osteoarthritis. This study was conducted to determine if the application of local crushed rock or black clay to these nutrient deficient, sandy soils would increase available nutrient concentrations and improve the growth of plants in the ameliorated soil.

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13

Schwegler, Frank Rudolf. "Assessment of the suitability of composted sewage sludge as an adsorbent for the treatment of heavy-metal contaminated wastewater, with special reference to cadmium." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17468.

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Includes bibliography.<br>A large proportion of sewage sludge in South Africa contains heavy metal concentrations which are deemed to be above threshold limits for its use as a fertiliser. Furthermore, sewage sludge has a high affinity for heavy metals. Until the sources of heavy metal contamination of municipal sewage sludge are considerably reduced the contaminated sewage sludge must either be disposed of or used for some other purpose. The use of contaminated sewage sludge as an adsorbent for treating heavy metal-contaminated wastewaters may provide an alternative and practical use for this

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14

McCormick, Dean William. "An investigation into in situ biodegradtion under sulphate-reducing conditions in a petroleum contaminated shallow aquifer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4212.

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15

Petersen, Jacques R. "A geochemical investigation of ground water and soils affected by evaporation pond seepage, at the Namakwa Sands Mineral Seperation Plant(MSP)." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4218.

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Bibliography: leaves 78-81.<br>Evaporation ponds are used for treating wastewaters in arid regions worldwide. Namakwa Sands an Anglo American plc operation, mines heavy minerals along the semi arid West Coast of South Africa. An acid effluent is generated during treatment of these heavy minerals. The effluent is neutralized and disposed of into unlined evaporation ponds. Seepage from the ponds affects the surrounding environment as well as the subsurface waters. The main objective of this study was to investigate the effects of the seepage on the groundwater resources and potential implication

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16

Soderberg, Keir. "Geochemistry of the fynbos ecosystem in a Table Mountain Group sub catchment of the Olifants River, Western Cape, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4225.

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Bibliography: leaves 104-118.<br>This study gives a first-order estimation of the chemical composition of the recharge, discharge, and ground waters, along with the bedrock, soil, and vegetation of the Olifants River Valley around Citrusdal. The valley occurs in a synclinal fold with the main aquifers, the Table Mountain Group (MG) sandstones of the Peninsula Formation and the Nardouw Subgroup, folded beneath the central valley.

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17

Sugarman, David R. "Soil chemical properties in pine plantations of different ages in the Eastern Escarpement region of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9880.

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Bibliography: leaves 71-78.<br>It is widely accepted that afforestation adversely affects soil chemical properties. A significant decrease in pH, base cation status and acid neutralising capacity (ANC), coupled with increasing acidity have been observed to occur in acid coniferous forest soils both in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres. International and local studies in Southern Africa have observed declining productivity over successive rotations in pine plantations. Increasing acidity loads in the Northern Hemisphere and their adverse effects on forest health have generated a search for

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18

Abanda, Peter Azah. "Impact on soil chemistry of atmospheric sulfur fallout near Arnot coal-fired power station, in the Eastern Transvaal highveld region, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4184.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The objective of the study was to evaluate the potential impact of atmospheric sulfur deposition on the soils surrounding Arnot power station. In particular, the study focused on the relationship between sulfur and organic carbon (OC) and on the various pools of sulfur in the soil. A representative selection of collected soil samples was characterized both physically and chemically in the laboratory. In addition to the representative soils sampled in 2000, archived soils sampled in 1996 and 1999 from the same area were included in some of the chemical an

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19

Dodds, Heather Anne. "An investigation into vanadium contamination of soil and its effects on plants." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17002.

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Bibliography: pages 64-67.<br>This study constitutes a preliminary assessment of the behaviour of effluent-associated vanadium, and its possible effects on the biotic components of land treatment sites, used for the disposal of liquid industrial wastes from a chemical plant in the eastern Transvaal. A review of the literature showed that although the emission of vanadium into the environment is on the increase, very little information is available regarding its behaviour and impact as an environmental pollutant. This study is therefore important not only in the context of the land treatment op

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20

Echeverría, Marietta Elena. "Impact of pine plantations on the form and mobility of nitrogen in soils of the eastern escarpment region of South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7680.

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Bibliography: leaves 96-101.<br>Recent research in the eastern escarpment area of South Africa has documented enhanced NO₃- concentrations in soil solution and stream water resulting from afforestation. There has been much research in the Northern Hemisphere regarding the qualitative and quantitative causes and consequences of N saturation in forest ecosystems. In order to assess the significance of local observations of afforestation-induced NO₃- enhancement in a global context, a study was conducted to evaluate the influence of forest plantations (Pinus spp.) on N form and mobility in soils

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21

Lanz, Johann. "A geochemical investigation of the waters and sediments of De Hoop Vlei, Bredasdorp district, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20190.

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Bibliography: pages 117-121.<br>De Hoop Vlei is a saline coastal lake situated 53 kilometres north-east of Cape Agulhas in the Western Cape Province of South Africa. It is probably of estuarine origin but is now separated from the sea by mobile sand dunes and, therefore, has no surface outflow. Inflow to the vlei is from a catchment area of approximately 1200 km2 in which intensive grain farming is practised. The vlei is situated within the De. Hoop Nature Reserve and its ecological value, particularly as a breeding ground for water birds, has been recognised in its designation as an internati

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22

Gassner, Anja. "Geochemical and limnological aspects of phosphorous contamination in the Noordhoek Valley, Cape Peninsula." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9705.

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Includes bibliography.<br>The Noordhoek Valley is situated on the Atlantic coast of the Cape Peninsula, South Africa (34°07'S, 18°22'E). Towards the east, the valley hosts numerous townships, while to the west it opens into a lowland marsh area, bordered by a five-kilometre beach. The wetland is subjected to various forms of anthropogenic pollution; the two most important being the discharge of urban runoff and treated effluent from the local sewage works. During the period of the study (Jan-Oct 1998), the occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria of the species Microcystis aeruginosa was reported for

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23

Whyte, Stewart Rodney. "A geochemical investigation of the Lake Sibiya system, Northern Zululand." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21695.

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Lake Sibaya (27°15'-21'25'S; 32°32'-32°44'E) is situated in the northern region of the Zululand coastal plain, and is remarkable in that it embodies a near-pristine· freshwater coastal lake preserving clear residual signs of its former estuarine origin. Despite the· fact that the lake constitutes perhaps the most intensively studied of all freshwater bodies in South Africa, little is known .of its geochemical character. The objective of this study was therefore to conduct an investigation of the waters and sediments of the lake system, which might then provide a chemical baseline against which

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24

Merrett, Greg Lee. "Groundwater redox conditions at a petroleum contaminated site, Kuils River, South Africa : pathways for BTEX biodegradation." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8588.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 84-88).<br>A shallow sandy aquifer, contaminated by petrol from an underground storage tank, was studied to determine if intrinsic bioremediation of the hydrocarbons is taking place. Groundwater samples taken from 32 monitoring wells were analysed for NO₃-,NH₄+, Mn²+, Fe²+, SO₄²-, and ΣH₂S. Portable electrodes were used to make field measurements of electrical conductivity, redox potential, and pH. The variation and distribution of these redox-sensitive groundwater constituents show that bioremediation via NO₃- reduction, Fe³+ reduction, and SO₄²- re

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25

Huntsman, Philippa Rose. "An investigation into the use of smectitic clay soil for the containment and treatment of petrochemical waste." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/19708.

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The manufacture, transport, use and disposal of organic chemicals may result in the release of significant quantities of organic substances into soil, from which they are subject to possible transport into underlying groundwater. Many of these organic chemicals are potentially toxic (Wilson et al., 1981). Information is required concerning the chemical and physical behaviour of organic chemicals in the soil environment in order to implement measures that will protect groundwater but also permit reasonable usage of soil for waste containment. This study deals with the interactions of a smectiti

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26

Webster, Glen Robert. "Experimental improvement of flyash as a growth medium for plants through addition of selected solid wastes." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22551.

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Large quantities of coal are consumed in South Africa as a result of the generation of electricity and the manufacture of automotive fuel. A consequence of this was the production of more than 15 Mt of ash and associated coal combustion by-products in 1987 alone. This poses a large scale waste-disposal problem. Flyash, the major waste product is from South African coal sources, an alkaline, saline material the pozzolanic nature of which results in the formation of massive, compacted and cemented ash deposits which have significant environmental impacts. Efforts made to limit this impact by rev

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27

Weber, Stephen John. "An investigation of the primary sources of the Cape Town brown haze." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4229.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The term atmospheric haze is a condition of reduced visibility, caused by the presence of fine particulate matter in the atmosphere, which can originate from natural or anthropogenic sources. The "Brown Haze" is a phenomenon that is associated with Cape Town and can be described as brown coloured smog. It occurs over the winter months, mainly May to September, due to the strong temperature inversions and windless conditions that can occur during these months. These conditions lead to the build-up of pollutants emitted into the atmosphere. The Cape Town B

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28

Campbell, Ross. "The chemical response of deep, leached and weathered soils of the Mpumalanga Highveld, South Africa, to irrigation with saline mine water." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4189.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Coal mining in the Highveld region of Mpumalanga Province, South Africa generates between 14 and 30 million litres of waste water per day. Much of the water is saline (TDS> 2500 mg/I) and has high concentrations of dissolved SO₄²⁻, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺. Crop irrigation has been proposed as a useful way to dispose of saline mine water and enhance agricultural productivity in this low rainfall (˂800 mm/year) region. In order to avoid undesirable salinization of the regional groundwater, it is necessary that soils immobilize, at least partially, the dissolved s

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Lopes, Lidia Velazquez. "Sorption of the platinum-group elements in selected solid matrices." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/4210.

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Summary in English.<br>Bibliography: leaves 70-75.<br>Recent research on the platinum-group elements (PGE) has shown increased concentrations in environmental samples, probably as a result of the widespread use of PGE (Pt, Pd and Rh in particular) as catalysts in the chemical and car industry. Most of the recent research on PGE focuses on the analysis of concentrations in environmental samples exposed to anthropogenic sources of PGE, but there are very few studies that have investigated sorption behaviour of PGE in soils.

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30

Mehlomakulu, Mandla. "The Influence of urban development on the water chemistry of the Cape Flats aquifer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10832.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Large quantities of water are available in the Cape Flats sandy aquifer in the Western Cape. Local industrial, agricultural, domestic and urban development activities are known to be potential polluters of this water through infiltration of wastewater, because of the unconfined nature of the aquifer. In order to determine the potential of the water in the aquifer, fifteen water samples from the Cape Flats were analysed and geochemically assessed prior to their qualify being evaluated in terms of future use in domestic, irrigation and industrial activitie

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31

Mitchell, Ruth. "An investigation into the lithological source of iron in the Kammanassie Mountain aquifer." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/6074.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>The precipitation of iron from aquifer water in boreholes is a problem in the Klein Karoo region of South Africa. The precipitation causes boreholes to clog and limits full use of well fields in the area. The iron is naturally occurring and this project sets out to identify the lithological source of the iron and in what form the iron is presented. The Table Mountain Group (TMG) aquifer is a fractured rock aquifer situated in the TMG and rock samples were taken from the various lithologies in the area.

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32

Taylor, Arthur. "A trace element study of sediments from the Olifants River estuary, the Berg River estuary, and the off-shore Mud Belt." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9027.

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Includes bibliographical references (leaves 99-105).<br>Trace elements have received increased attention since the mid-1900's. Although some studies have investigated trace element accumulation as a result of urban expansion in the Western Cape, South Africa, few have catalogued the accumulation and behavior of trace elements resulting from agricultural practices. This study investigates the distribution and behavior of trace elements for the Olifants and Berg river catchments by focusing on the sediments of the estuaries. The dominant industry in both catchments is agriculture and there exist

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Makhathini, S. C. "Environmental consequences associated with ash-stabilisation of organic sludges from the synthol process." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/7403.

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Includes bibliographical references.<br>Worldwide increases in environmental awareness have led to the development of new innovative technologies aimed at site remediation and hazardous waste treatment. Solidification/Stabilisation (S/S) is one of such technologies and it has emerged as an environmentally acceptable treatment option for hazardous waste. Initially applied to inorganic wastes, S/S is now being investigated for the treatment of organic wastes and sludges. Challenges facing this venture into the SIS of organic wastes include the lack of technical information on waste-binder intera

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Folefoc, Asongbecap Daniel. "Geochemical study of soil salinity in a toposequence near Riebeeck West, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/10448.

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Bibliography: leaves 84-91.<br>A geochemical investigation of salt distribution in soils of the semi-arid of Western Cape, South Africa, was carried out following a pilot study which revealed widespread soil salinity in the Berg River catchment. The present study looks at the distribution of the salts along a toposequence in a subcatchment of the Berg River underlain by Malmesbury Group shale. The objectives were: to investigate salt distribution in relation to landscape topography; to identify potentially harmful trace elements associated with the salinity; and to determine the processes resp

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Gumede, Nyawo Basirio Simbi. "Economic structural adjustment programmes in the Southern African development community : an analysis of impact and policy considerations with special reference to Zambia and Zimbabwe." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/9748.

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Bibliography: leaves 183-189.<br>This study is primarily aimed at examining the impact of World Bank / IMF, structural adjustment programmes in the SADC region. However, the main focus of the study was on Zimbabwe and Zambia. These World Bank / IMF-influenced perestroikas, are believed to be viable panacea, for the state of economic malaise prevalent in the SADC region. In undertaking this research, various methods were utilised to acquire data. A case study approach was used. However, the main method of data collection which was heavily relied upon was document study. The collected data was a

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Yafa, Charun. "Accurate analysis and environmental geochemistry of inorganic elements in peat bogs." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11632.

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The work described in this thesis is primarily concerned with (i) the development of analytical methods for the determination of inorganic elements in peat, (ii) the production and analysis of a certified peat reference material, and (iii) the application of methods and procedures to the generation and interpretation of elemental profiles in cores from the largest ombrotrophic peat bog in Scotland. The effects of sample preparation on the determination of inorganic elements in peak samples were thoroughly investigated. The analytical methods and quality assurance procedures developed using the

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37

Van, der Spuy David. "The chemical characterisation of authigenic carbonates from the Witbank no. 2 coal seam : environmental and diagenetic implications." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22154.

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Six different types of authigenic carbonate were identified associated with the no.2 coal seam in the Witbank basin. These are: l) cell-filling carbonate, 2) early formed spberulites, 3) massive carbonates, 4) cleat-filling carbonate, 5) fracture-filling carbonates and 6) carbonate cement of associated sands. The textural relationships, depth of burial and chemical evolution of these carbonates were studied with the aid of X-ray diffraction, total organic carbon analysis, vitrinite reflectance, reflected and transmitted light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and electron microprobe ana

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Pallavicini, Nicola. "Method development for isotope analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements in environmental matrices." Doctoral thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för samhällsbyggnad och naturresurser, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-59705.

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The increasing load of toxic elements entering the ecosystems, as a consequence of anthropogenic processes, has grown public awareness in the last decades, resulting in a great number of studies focusing on pollution sources, transport, distribution, interactions with living organisms and remediation. Physical/chemical processes that drive the uptake, assimilation, compartmentation and translocation of heavy metals in biota has received a great deal of attention recently, since elemental concentrations and isotopic composition in biological matrices can be used as probes of both natural and a

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Murphy, Samantha E. M. "Characterization of a TCE-contaminated aquifer using tritium-helium dating and geochemical tracers, Valcartier, Quebec, Canada." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28386.

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The groundwater supply in the Valcartier area of Quebec is contaminated with trichloroethylene (TCE) from multiple sources, and hydrogeologic characterization is being carried out to understand its origin and migration patterns. A geochemical investigation was undertaken to independently verify groundwater flow and TCE transport in Valcartier groundwater to improve a numerical model that is currently being developed. 3H-3He ages were obtained along flow paths stemming from two main source zones and compared with advective model ages produced at corresponding locations. Ages obtained above and

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Grabb, Kalina C. "Stable Isotope Systematics of Abiotic Nitrate and Nitrite Reduction Coupled With Anaerobic Iron Oxidation: the Role of Reduced Clays and Fe-Bearing Minerals." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417576.

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Under anaerobic conditions, it is widely assumed that nitrate (NO3-) and nitrite (NO2-) reduction is primarily the result of microbial respiration (Burgin and Hamilton, 2007; Granger et al., 2008). However, it is also proven that the abiotic reduction of nitrate and nitrite by reduced iron(II) (Fe(II)), whether mineral-bound or surface-associated, may also occur under certain environmentally relevant conditions (Chao and Kroontje, 1966; Straub et al., 1996; Picardal, 2012,). With a range of experimental conditions, nitrogen and oxygen stable isotope systematics of abiotic nitrite reduction by

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Maharaj, Serena P. A. "Factors contributing to elevated levels of methyl and total mercury related to alteration in wetland conditions and agricultural activity (the Raisin River watershed)." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27884.

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Seasonal and spatial patterns of methyl and total mercury and nutrient concentrations were measured during 2005--2007 in the Raisin River, North-west of Cornwall, Ontario, Canada (75°44' W, 45°08' S) to determine if inputs from farming activities or altered wetlands (Newington Bog and Monkland Drain) are contributing to the contamination of the River. Water samples were analyzed using atomic fluorescence gas chromatography for methyl mercury; a Tekran 2600 mercury analyzer for total mercury; and a Lachat Nutrient Analyzer 8000 QuikChem for nitrate, ammonia, sulphate, and total phosphor

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McDonald, Lauren. "Wipe Sampling Methodologies to Assess Exposures to Metals in Urban Canadian Homes: 1 Cadmium, Lead, Yttrium 2 Antimony, Arsenic, Chromium, Copper, Nickel." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28588.

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Wipe sampling is a means of monitoring exposures to contaminants which has been used extensively for assessment of lead (Pb) in housedust in the U.S. This thesis reports the first baseline wipe dataset for urban Canadian homes, for Pb and other metal(loid)s including: arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and antimony (Sb). The literature review covers sampling methods, health effects, and sources. The digestion procedure ASTM 1644 is the accepted HNO3 hotplate protocol for determination of Pb in wipes. However in this study, HF was added to enhance extraction ef

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Suchy, Martin. "Nitrate and Ammonium Transformation and Fate in Groundwater of an Agricultural Watershed: An Isotope and Geochemistry Approach." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/28922.

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The purpose of this study was to characterize the groundwater recharge environment and evaluate the fate and processes affecting agricultural nutrients in groundwater. This consisted of three agricultural sites and one naturally vegetated background site. Naturally occurring stable isotopes (delta18O and delta 2H), which are sensitive to seasonality of recharge, were used in groundwater and precipitation to provide an estimate of recharge and mass loading to the aquifer. The significance of direct infiltration through cultivated corridors where corn is grown (C4 vegetation), versus naturally f

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Saulnier, Isabelle. "Trace metal remobilization following the resuspension of Saguenay Fjord sediments." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ37163.pdf.

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Warby, Richard Ashley Frank. "The chemical response of surface waters and organic soils across the northeastern United States, following reduced inputs of acidic deposition 1984-2001 /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342747271&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Miserendino, Rebecca Adler. "Tracing mercury pollution in aquatic ecosystems| Implications for public health." Thesis, The Johns Hopkins University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3571745.

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<p>This dissertation addressed questions pertaining to mercury (Hg) fate and transport in aquatic ecosystems by applying stable Hg isotopes as a tracer. Mercury poses a public health burden worldwide. In parts of the developing world, Hg-use during artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) is pointed at as the source of elevated Hg in the environment. However, Hg from other sources including soil erosion associated with land cover and land-use change (LCLUC) may also contribute to local Hg pollution. </p><p> Stable Hg isotope profiles of sediment cores, surface sediments, and soils from t

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Nowosielski, B. E. (Bogdan E. ). "Experimental study of octanol-water partition coefficients for 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol : derivation of an empirical model of chlorophenol partitioning behaviour." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=20601.

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The octanol-water partition coefficients (log Kow) of 2,4,6-trichlorophenol and pentachlorophenol were determined as functions of pH, ionic strength, and aqueous metal content. For both chlorophenols, the log Kow exhibits pH dependence in the range pKa-1 < pH < pK a+2. At lower and higher pH values, the Kow behaviour of the chlorophenols is independent of pH. Our data, in conjunction with those of Westall et al. (1985), indicate that a linear relationship exists Our data, in conjunction with those of Westall et al. (1985), indicate that a linear relationship exists between log Kow and log ioni

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Bono, Andrew B. "The partitioning of mercury among the solid components of sediments of the Saguenay Fjord, Québec /." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27287.

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An estimated 60 tonnes of mercury, released from a chlor-alkali plant between 1947 and 1976, are buried in the sediments of the Saguenay Fjord. Despite rapid sedimentation rates, concentrations of Hg in surficial sediments remain well above preindustrial levels. The partitioning of Hg among sedimentary solids was investigated to elucidate the fate of buried mercury and determine the source of contamination in surficial sediments.<br>Box cores from two stations along the axis of the Saguenay Fjord (SAG-6B, SAG-30B) and one from the Laurentian Trough (CL-1B) were collected in June, 1992. A seque

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Boiridy, Mia Ingrid. "Potential chemical remediation of mercury in recently impounded reservoirs." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27286.

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Several mitigation procedures have been proposed to limit the transfer of Hg and MeHg to aquatic organisms but most cannot be applied to large reservoirs such as those of northern Quebec for practical, economical, and environmental reasons. A better understanding of the diagenetic behaviour of Hg and methylmercury in aquatic environments has lead us to consider methods of enhancing natural processes which would either limit the mobility of Hg in flooded soils or its methylation. Different concentrations of iron oxide, iron shavings and ferrous ammonium sulphate were added to soil slurries in t

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Mohajerin, Haug Tahmineh Jade. "Tungsten speciation, mobilization, and sequestration|Thiotungstate stability constants and examination of (thio)tungstate geochemistry in estuarine waters and sediments." Thesis, Tulane University School of Science and Engineering, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3680830.

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<p> This dissertation combines laboratory experiments and analysis of field samples to examine tungsten (W) geochemistry. Data from low ionic strength experimental solutions at room temperature containing between 0.01 M to 0.0002 M total sulfide and 0.0027 M - 0.0001 M tungstate were analyzed using UV/VIS spectrophotometry. Stability constants have been determined for the formation of mono-thiotungstate log K<sub>01</sub>= 3.43 ± 0.61, di-thiotungstate log K<sub>12</sub> = 3.02 ± 0.61, tri-thiotungstate log K<sub>23</sub> = 2.82 ± 0.02, and we estimated the tetra-thiotungs

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