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1
Schreiner, Barbara. "An environmental impact assessment for the access road to the Mohale dam, Lesotho : a comparative analysis of the Western access road and the least cost alternative route." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21494.
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The purpose of this document is to set out a comparison of the environmental impacts of the two alternative access roads to the Mohale Dam, Lesotho: the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) and the Western Access Route (WAR), and to recommend a preferred alternative for construction. The analysis and comparison is couched in a theoretical framework with regard to the process, nature and function of Integrated Environmental Management (IEM) and the problems associated with implementation of the IEM process. In this report I1 set out some of the limitations and problems associated with the EIA on the access road to the Mohale Dam (LHDA Contract No 1000). I then discuss the criteria on which a selection of a preferred alternative should be made, focussing on concepts of sustainability (including ecological sustainability), provision of basic human needs, equity and social justice, and cultural diversity and self-realisation. Within the context framed by the limitations of this EIA, the report then compares the LCAR and the WAR, and makes recommendations with regard to a preferred alternative, based on this comparison. The report also provides comments and discussion on a management and monitoring plan for Phase lB of the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP).
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Fawkes, Helen Lucy. "An impact assessment of alternative access roads to the Mohale Dam, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/13832.
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Bibliography: p. 143-147.The purpose of this report is twofold. Its aim is firstly to compare the Western Access Road (WAR) with the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR) in terms of their ·impact on the environment and identify which of the two routes is the preferred alternative. To this end, the report documents and analyses the results of an impact assessment study, carried out by the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town. The report also includes recommended actions to mitigate negative impacts and enhance positive impacts. The report secondly serves as a dissertation, for the purpose of academic evaluation by examiners, for the degree of Master of Philosophy in Environmental Science. To this end it aims to demonstrate analytical rigour and an understanding of the theoretical basis of the study.
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Mackinnon, Heather Jean. "An impact assessment of alternative access roads to the Mohale Dam, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21621.
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Purpose of Impact Assessments The purpose of Impact Assessments (lAs) is to reconcile society's needs for development with its need to conserve the environment. lA aims to assist planners to devise solutions that are sustainable and equitable, but still efficient. lA falls short In practice, the influence of lA on the planning process has been called into question: its recommendations are not always implemented, and some of its mitigatory measures have been narrow and naive. The gap between lA principles and lA praxis needs to be bridged by more effective procedures. Faulty problem formulation In this dissertation it is mooted that conventional lA , procedures, including the 1992 Integrated Environmental Management procedure, pay inadequate attention to the formulation of problems. There is a danger that lAs may focus on the wrong problem, or may misconstrue the right problem. Weak problem conception may then give birth to less than optimal solutions. Flawed solutions Following the lA for Contract 1000 (access roads to the Mohale Dam), only two alternative solutions were presented to the decision-maker for consideration. Of these, the LCAR is likely to be rejected because it is associated with high risks to the integrity of the biophysical environment, and because it costs M47 million (Malotis) more to construct than does the WAR. By default, the WAR is likely to become the preferred alternative; however it is unable to address some of the fundamental problems in the project area. Selection of the WAR as the access route for transporting materials to the Mohale Dam site "creates" groups of winners and losers in the affected society. In addition, failure to build the LCAR is equivalent to a lost opportunity (ie it represents an opportunity cost) for certain other groups of "losers" [see Table Sl]. The WAR, the best solution that conventional lA could generate, is manifestly a less-than-optimal solution. A problem-solving approach Analyses of the actual procedure followed during the lA for Contract 1000, and of the conventional approach to lA (according to the literature) point to the failure of lA procedures to recognise certain crucial features of environmental problems. lA procedures are not adapted to the dynamism or the complexity of environmental problems, and are not adequately designed to take into account interrrelationships (linkages) among either affected environments or among particular problems. lA is also in danger of becoming divorced from its political ("real world") context. In an attempt to address these failings of lA, a problem-solving approach to lA is developed. The new approach to lA is based on the 1992 IEM procedure, but is supplemented by elements of the natural human problem-solving process [after Miller 1985], and is also informed by Hill and Fuggle's [1990] classification of types and levels of alternatives.
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Monaheng, Nkaiseng ̕Mamotšelisi. "Implementation tensions and challenges in donor funded curriculum projects: a case analysis of environmental and population education projects in Lesotho." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003450.
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This study aims to capture the challenges and tensions that arise in donor funded curriculum projects in Lesotho. Through an interpretive case study research design I investigated these challenges and tensions in two projects relevant to Education for Sustainable Development, namely the Lesotho Environmental Support Project (LEESP) and the Population/Family Education (POP/FLE) projects which are donor funded curriculum projects funded by DANIDA and UNFPA respectively. A review of donor funded curriculum projects in the field of environmental education/Education for Sustainable Development was undertaken to provide background and a theoretical context for the study. It highlighted different challenges and implementation tensions experienced by other similar projects in other countries. At the heart of such projects lies a particular political economy, which is based on development assistance to poor countries. Such development assistance is constructed around concepts of need, participation and innovation, and donor-recipient relationships. It is structured around a system of governance and management that normally uses logical framework planning as its main methodology. This political economy has shaped the two donor funded projects that were considered in this study, and has shaped many of the tensions and challenges identified in the study. To investigate the two projects, data for this study was generated through in-depth interviews, document analysis and focus group interviews, with people who had been involved with the projects at the national level. The data generation process did not involve the schools where the projects were ultimately implemented, as it was seeking to identify how local institutions such as the National Curriculum Development Centre could support better synergies between donor funded initiatives and the local context. The findings of the study revealed the ambivalent nature of donor initiatives, and identified that the political economy and donor-recipient relations influence the projects. Aspects such as the design and management of projects, the processes associated with introducing innovation in educational ideas and paradigms, pedagogical issues, and staff contributions and ownership were identified as some of the key tensions that existed in the projects. Other factors such as poor capacity levels of local staff, non-alignment with existing structures, inadequate sustainability mechanisms and the difficulty of the envisaged integration of new paradigm thinking (methods and approaches) into the existing curriculum framework were also significant tensions, given the positivist history of the Lesotho curriculum. The study recommends the need to establish mechanisms for working with donors to tackle the tensions that arise in such projects within longer-term donor assistance. It proposes that government should expedite the development of policy on donor coordination. Both donors and the NCDC need to put mechanisms in place to allow for debate and discussions on innovations brought in by the donors in relation to local needs. The study further recommends that in cases where more than one donor exists, the NCDC and the donors should work towards developing synergies between the different initiatives to avoid duplication and overlap. Finally, there is a need for projects to use bottom-up approaches for the design and formulation of projects to ensure ownership.
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Nkopane, Setenane. "An evaluation of environmental impact assessment procedure in the Lesotho Highlands Water Project : Phase 1." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/18593.
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Environmental Impact Assessment is a procedure that ensures that the environmental consequences of development proposals are understood and adequately considered in the planning process. This important project planning requirement is often inadequately addressed in many developing countries - especially with regard to dam projects. Lesotho is a small developing country in Southern Africa which is currently engaged in a multi-phased dam project - the Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP) - in order to utilize its most abundant natural resource - water. Planning for the LHWP incurred some irregularities, particularly with regard to environmental implications. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the environmental impact assessment procedures of the LHWP, Phase lA. This includes review of the environmental studies that were carried out and the findings of these studies; assessment of the familiarity of the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority (LHDA) staff with EIA procedures; and examination of the extent to which the communities in the project area were consulted regarding this project. The study is based on two surveys: firstly, within the Environment Division of the Lesotho Highlands Development Authority to assess the familiarity of staff members with proper EIA procedures. In this survey 28 self-administered questionnaires were issued, and 23 were collected. Secondly, structured interviews and unstructured group discussions were carried out in 14 villages to examine the extent to which the communities affected by the LHWP had been involved in the environmental impact assessments of Phase lA; and whether the impacts they experienced and the subsequent. Mitigation efforts had been considered comprehensively by the project proponents. Eighty interviews were conducted in six of the 14 villages selected in the study, in the remaining villages data was collected through group discussions. The groups consisted of 10 - 12 members (usually prominent persons) from the community. The study revealed that EIA for Phase 1 A of the LHWP was not carried out according to recognized standards. Environmental studies that were undertaken were done too late in the EIA process, and did riot facilitate the project planning. The study also found that the majority of LHDA staff members are not familiar with the details of the EIA process, and did not participate in Phase lA project planning. The communities affected by the LHWP were not given the opportunity to raise their concerns about the project. This is manifested by the magnitude and type of impacts which they have incurred because of the LHWP. Members of these communities therefore regard their livelihoods as being worse than before the project. It is thus recommended that LHDA should revise and significantly improve its project planning approaches - especially for the subsequent phases of the project. It is imperative· to incorporate public participation in the EIAs of these phases. Formulation of guideline sand legislation - in Lesotho as a whole - will ensure enforcement and compliance with sound environmental assessment procedures, and improve on LHDA's manpower capabilities with regard to EIA and environmental management. This in turn will enhance an environmentally sustainable development.
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Baniszewski, Beth (Beth Ellen). "An environmental impact analysis of grinding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32880.
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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
This thesis was intended to investigate the environmental impact of grinding in the United States manufacturing industry. Grinding is an ideal method for producing parts with a fine surface finish and high dimensional accuracy and for shaping hard or brittle workpieces. There are a wide variety of different types of grinding machines, each with different applications and slightly different energy requirements. Workpieces are generally flooded with a stream of coolant while being ground or placed in a spray of coolant mist. Coolant recycling systems are used to filter ground off chips out of coolant and to remove foreign oils and bacteria which pose health hazards. Oil mist collectors both clean mist coolant and prevent the toxic coolant from being inhaled by machinists. In total, 63 *10¹⁵ joules of energy are consumed per year by grinding in manufacturing, 57% of which is directly used in material removal. A total of 1.5*10¹⁰ pounds of scrap chips, spent grinding wheels, and used filters are produced each year as a result of grinding, over 99% of that being scrap chips. About 2.3 million gallons of fluids per year of grinding fluids are incinerated. Grinding creates a significant environmental footprint, creating a need for methods to reduce energy use in grinding and for ways to recycle solid waste that would otherwise be sent to landfills or incinerated.
by Beth Baniszewski.
S.B.
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Lochner, Paul. "NM2002 impact assessment : impact assessment report." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17325.
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Bibliography: p. 94-95.The purpose of this report is to: * assess the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of closure of De Beers Namaqualand Mines (DBNM) * provide preliminary suggestions for mitigation measures. DBNM anticipate that they will close in approximately 10 years' time. By the year 2002, all diamond deposits which are currently economically viable to mine on a large-scale would have been exploited. Closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on DBNM employees, their households, and towns where the households of employees live. Furthermore, closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on the Namaqualand economy. Therefore, DBNM commissioned the EEU to undertake an assessment of the impacts resulting from mine closure, to ascertain the effects on their employers and their affected households and communities. Through discussions with DBNM the scope for this assessment was established: * Briefly to describe the current biophysical, social and economic environments in Namaqualand and identify different trends in the region. * To assess in detail the socio-economic impacts resulting from the closure of DBNM. In addition, this report considers the impacts on the biophysical environment resulting from the closure of DBNM, because the socio-economic well-being of employees from rural areas of Namaqualand and Transkei is intrinsically linked to changes in the biophysical environment. Lastly, this report also contains preliminary suggestions for mitigating the impacts of closure.
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To, Man-ping Mandy. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425131.
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Navarro, Cuenca Anna. "Toxicogenomic analysis of environmental impact in aquatic systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125066.
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Field biomonitoring based on molecular biomarkers detects early warning signals of stress suffered by organisms exposed to contamination. The lower part of the Ebro River basin has a long pollution history related to the presence of a chlor-alkali plant adjacent to Flix. In addition, the Ebro River has been affected by the invasion of alien species that damage its natural ecosystem. In this thesis, Cyprinus carpio (common carp) an Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) were used as a model species in laboratory and field studies intended to the development of a multimolecular biomarker approach to identify the most relevantly effects of pollutants in the field. Gene expression techniques were used to study specific physiological defensive mechanism. The application and improvement of a well-established markers in different aquatic species and following different approaches allowed to analyze modes of action and to outline effects of persistent organic and inorganic pollutants found in the field. The results showed that chronic exposure to mercury
of common carp results in increased levels of metallothionein in kidney, in scales (albeit at lower extent), but not in liver, considered as the primary detoxification organ. The measure of gene expression in scales provides the possibility of a new non-lethal method of study. Studies of toxicant effects in zebra mussel revealed that this bivalve could be used as potential sentinel specie for freshwater monitoring. Analysis of its detoxicfication mechanisms, and particularly of its ABC membrane transporters in adult and the early life stages could help understanding the survival of this species in highly contaminated areas.
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Ahammed, A. K. M. Rafique. "Development of environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva285.pdf.
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To, Man-ping Mandy, and 杜曼萍. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255115.
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Pryor, John W. "Framework Integrating Climate Model, Hydrology, and Water Footprint to Measure the Impact of Climate Change on Water Scarcity in Lesotho, Africa." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7353.
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Water scarcity is a problem that will be exacerbated by climate change. Being able to model the effect of climate change on water scarcity is important to effectively plan the use of future water resources. This research integrated the Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT), climate model, and water footprint analysis to measure the impact of climate change on future water scarcity. This was achieved through two objectives. The first objective was to create a modeling framework that links the output from climate model to SWAT and combined streamflow outputs from SWAT with water footprint analysis to measure how climate change will impact water scarcity of a river basin. This was accomplished through creating a SWAT model within ArcMap and inputting a topographic, soil, land use, and weather data. Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR) data were used in lieu of observed weather data due to a lack of available data. SWAT-CUP (Calibration and Uncertainty Program) was used to calibrate two upstream streamflow gauges, then calibrate and validate a third streamflow gauge at the outlet of the Senqu basin in Lesotho. The two upstream streamflow gauges were calibrated from 1986 to 2002. The downstream streamflow gauge was calibrated from 1985 to 2002 and validated from 2003 to 2013. Three Regional Climate Models (RCM), ICHEC-EC-EARTH, MIROC-MIROC5, and CCCma-CanESM2 were downloaded from the Coordinated Regional Downscaling Experiment (CORDEX) dataset. Each RCM was downloaded with two different Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5) Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP), RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5. The RCMs were bias corrected using a cumulative distribution function mapping technique.
These RCMs as well as an average of the RCMs were used as input for the SWAT model to generate future streamflow outputs. The streamflow outputs provide the future blue water availability of the Senqu River. The results showed an overall decrease in streamflow in both RCPs. The second objective was to apply the framework to Lesotho and use the information from the ArcSWAT model and data from the Blue Water Footprint analysis to measure the future potential Blue Water Scarcity of Lesotho. This was accomplished through the Blue Water Footprint of Lesotho generated from the 5th National Blue Footprint analysis. The annual blue water scarcity was calculated as the ratio of the Blue Water Available to Blue Water Footprint. Three approaches were adopted to analyze the water scarcity of Lesotho. The first approach used the national Blue Water Footprint in the water scarcity calculation to investigate the worst-case scenario. The second approach used the modified blue water footprint based on the population living within the Senqu river basin. The third approach used a modified blue water footprint that accounted for the projected population growth of Lesotho. The results of scenario 1 showed there was moderate water scarcity in a period of four years in climate scenario of RCP8.5. The results of scenario 3 showed there were multiple cases of water scarcity in both RCP 4.5 and RCP 8.5 with two years of severe water scarcity. This research is limited by data availability and the results for Lesotho could be improved by accurate dam data and the fine scale water footprint analysis. The modeling framework integrating climate model, hydrology, and water footprint analysis, however, can be applied to other remote places where limited data are available.
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McMurray, Helen Frances. "An environmental impact assessment of the alternative access routes, the Western Access Route, and the Least Cost Alternative Route, to the proposed Mohale Dam, Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21619.
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Bibliography: p. 54-57.This report is concerned with the environmental impact assessment of two alternative access roads, the Western Access Route (WAR) and the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR), to the proposed Mohale Dam site, Lesotho. The procedure adopted by the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) study team for the assessment of environmental impacts associated with the development of the two routes, is critically reviewed. A comparative evaluation of the alternative routes is undertaken. The preferred access route, which best satisfies the above environmental criteria, is recommended . In January 1993, the Environmental Evaluation Unit (EEU) of the University of Cape Town was appointed by Gibb-Bergman Joint Venture (GBJV), to assess the environmental impacts associated with the development of an access road from the Lesotho-South Africa border to the construction site of the proposed Mohale Dam (Phase lB), Lesotho Highlands Water Project (LHWP), Lesotho. An existing road, termed the Western Access Route (WAR), was identified as a possible access route. This route would require upgrading to a suitable standard for the passage of heavy construction vehicles, and, in addition, the construction of a bypass of the central business district of Maseru . At an early stage of the study, an alternative access route to the WAR was identified from eight possible alternative routes. This route has been termed the Least Cost Alternative Route (LCAR). The EEU study team undertook a full assessment of the environmental impacts associated with upgrading the Mountain Road/Western Access Route (WAR) and the construction of the LCAR. These detailed impact assessments are documented in Report EEU/2/93/104a, EEU/2/93/104b and EEU/2/93/104c, submitted with this report.
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Lung, Hon-kei William. "Use of 3-D visualisation tools in the EIA process : is it effective in enhancing public involvement? /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35085472.
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Lam, King-kong. "Environmental impact assessment : impact on land-use & infrastructure design /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799794.
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Wallington, Tabatha Jean. "Civic environmental pragmatism : a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment /." Wallington, Tabatha Jean (2002) Civic environmental pragmatism: a dialogical framework for strategic environmental assessment. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2002. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/385/.
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Questions of uncertainty and value conflict are increasingly pervasive challenges confronting policy makers seeking to address the range of environmental problems generated by contemporary technological systems. Yet these questions are ultimately political and moral in nature, and require a framework of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) that is marked by informed and democratic civic governance. Reflecting this, the original, civic purposes of environmental assessment (EA) embraced science and public participation as interdependent elements in the creation of more sustaining forms of human-nature interaction.
However, formal models of EA have forsaken meaningful democratic engagement to technique. Based on the instrumentalist assumption that better science automatically leads to better policy, EA has externalised the civic source of political energy that underpins its environmental expertise. Moreover, debates become polarised when science is uncritically imported into the adversarial forums of interest-based politics, so that environmental science is increasingly unable to support political action. I shall argue that the revolutionary potential of SEA to transform the policy process rests upon a recovery of its original, civic purposes.
My thesis is that a deeper understanding of the relationship between scientific knowledge and political action is required if SEA is to be rigorous, and also relevant to public concerns. Philosophical pragmatism contributes epistemological resources vital to this task. By situating knowledge in the context of practice, and by recognising the dialogical, judgmental nature of rationality, the practical philosophy of pragmatism reclaims the contextually embedded nature of inquiry. When science is embedded in a wider ethical context, the meaning and purposes of environmental knowledge become central questions of policy.
The procedural ethics of both liberal and Habermasian politics cannot address these questions, however, because they relegate questions of the public good to the realm of individual choice. Instead, I argue that public dialogue, guided by a praxisoriented virtue ethics, is required to recover objective environmental goods in the policy process. I also argue that Aristotlean rhetoric, with its focus on the credibility of expertise, is the mode of persuasive argument most appropriate for dialogical public forums. The public philosophy of civic environmental pragmatism is therefore presented as a richer theoretical framework for understanding the contribution of both experts and citizens in the development of environmental knowledge for policy. As a dialogical framework for SEA, civic environmental pragmatism constructively combines the critical/normative and instrumental/descriptive aspects of policy inquiry, both of which are required in the development of socially robust knowledge and politically feasible policy decisions.
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Mzezewa, Lerato. "Hetrogenous impact of interest rates on retail firm prices : a product-level analysis using micro-data from Lesotho." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/21742.
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Price-setting behaviour plays an important role in the transmission mechanism of monetary policy as pricing decisions of firms in the private sector determine how changes in the official rate affect prices. Several recent studies using micro price data have highlighted the importance of the variation in firm characteristics on pricing decisions. This study investigates whether firms adjust their prices in response to higher interest rates and whether this response differs for firms that have credit. We estimate multinomial logistic regression models using highly disaggregated panel data on monthly product prices of 131 retail outlets in Lesotho over the period 2002-2009. In general, our results suggest that firms are more likely to adjust their prices in response to an interest rate shock. Firms will either revise their prices upwards or downwards compared to keeping their prices constant. This ambiguity occurs when a firm's price is a function of price elasticity of demand and costs. A firm has to balance the need to pass on increased cost of the higher interest cost onto prices against the demand-side sensitivity to price increases. On the contrary, when comparing firms with credit to those without, our findings show that firms with credit are more likely to keep their prices constant than to revise them. Furthermore, the study finds asymmetric results in the direction of the price adjustments. Prices are more likely to increase or decrease in the presence of both a demand and a cost shock, whereas prices are more likely to remain constant in the presence of a cost shock only. No evidence was found that credit owing firms pass the higher cost of credit onto their prices, suggesting that firms with credit finance have access to cheaper financing options than firms without credit.
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U, Kam-wa Clara. "The implementation of environmental impact assessment ordinance : does it mean a reform in approaches to regulating environmental pollution in Hong Kong? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1999. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B21301475.
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Chan, Tak-yeung. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong : a rubber stamp or an effective tool? /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19946181.
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Luk, Kwok-on Anthony. "The incorporation, role and legal-requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Hong Kong planning system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1403654X.
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Lee, Chi-hong. "Environmental impact of transportation in 2003 in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813687.
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Kwan, Ping-chung Benny. "Comprehensive rewiew of Hong Kong's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14803240.
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Chan, Yiu-keung. "Review of environmental impact assessment : a comparison between Hong Kong and Canada /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709235.
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Morris, Mary Lou. "Environmental impact assessment : current problems in Australia and prospects for improvement." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envm877.pdf.
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Chu, Hung Viola. "Public participation in the environmental impact assessment system of Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19907266.
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Stefanis, Stavros Konstantinou. "A process systems methodology for environmental impact minimization." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/7158.
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Melin, Anders. "Judgements in equilibrium? : an ethical analysis of environmental impact assessment /." Linköping : Department of Water and Environmental Studies, Linköping University, 2001. http://www.bibl.liu.se/liupubl/disp/disp2001/arts235s.htm.
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Jacobsson, Elin. "Environmental Impact Analysis of Flax Fibre Cultivation for Composite Reinforcement." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekoteknik och hållbart byggande, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-34881.
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Searching for environmentally sustainable alternatives for reinforcement of composite materials, flax fibre has one of the most promising potentials due to its desired mechanical properties. The fact that flax is a bio-material, in contrast to conventional synthetic fibres, does not ensure a less environmental impact. One of the major source of environmental impact related to flax fibre as a reinforcement material is the cultivation of flax fibre. In this study the environmental impact of flax fibre cultivation was studied by performing an environmental impact analysis with a life cycle assessment inspired approach. The result showed that the quantification of the environmental impacts varied to a large extent depending on several parameters such as allocation method and whether carbon sequestration was included in the calculations. One striking example is the results for global warming potential, ranging from 10 000 kg CO2-equivivalents to a negative value per 1 tonne of flax fibre. The study showed the production and use of fertilizers to be the major contribution to the environmental impact by as much as 70-90 %. In order to limit the environmental impact from flax fibre cultivation suggested environmental improvements are to optimise the fertiliser use according to the flax type and soil conditions, improving nitrogen fixation as well as using organic fertilizers.2018-06-27
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Delgado, Villanueva Kiko Alexi. "Methodological proposal for social impact assessment and environmental conflict analysis." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/64063.
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[EN] Social impact assessment (SIA) is a part of environmental impact assessment (EIA), which is characterized by a high level of uncertainty and the subjective aspects that are presents in the methods used during its conduction. In addition, environmental conflict analysis (ECA) has become a key factor for the viability of projects and welfare of affected populations. In this thesis, an integrated method for SIA and ECA is proposed, by the combination of the grey clustering method and the entropy-weight method.
SIA was performed using the grey clustering method, which enables qualitative information coming from a stakeholder group to be quantified. In turn, ECA was performed using the entropy-weight method, which identifies the criteria in which there is greater divergence between stakeholder groups, thus enabling to establish measures to prevent potential environmental conflicts. Then, in order to apply and test the proposed integrated method, two case studies were conducted.
The first case study was a mining project in northern Peru. In this study, three stakeholder groups and seven criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the urban population group and the rural population group, the project would have a positive and negative social impact, respectively. For the group of specialists the project would have a normal social impact. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflicts in order of importance were: access to drinking water, poverty, GDP per capita, and employment.
The second case study considered was a hydrocarbon exploration project located in the Gulf of Valencia, Spain. In this study, four stakeholder groups and four criteria were identified. The results revealed that for the group of specialists the project would have a negative social impact, and contrary perceptions were shown between the group of those directly affected by the project and the group of citizens in favour. It was also noted that the criteria most likely to generate environmental conflict were the percentage of unemployment and GDP per capita.
The proposed integrated method in this thesis showed great potential on the studied cases, and could be applied to other contexts and other projects, such as water resources management, industrial projects, construction projects, and to measure social impact and prevent conflicts during the implementation of government policies and programs.[ES] La evaluación del impacto social (SIA) forma parte de la evaluación de impacto ambiental (EIA), y está caracterizada por su alto nivel de incertidumbre, y por los aspectos subjetivos presentes en los métodos usados para su realización. Por otro lado, el análisis del conflicto ambiental (ECA) se ha convertido en un factor clave para la viabilidad de los proyectos y el bienestar de la población afectada. En esta tesis, se propone un método integrado para la SIA y el ECA, mediante la combinación de los métodos grey clustering y entropy-weight. La SIA fue desarrollada usando el método grey clustering, el cual permite cuantificar la información cualitativa recogida de los grupos de interés o stakeholders. Sucesivamente, el ECA fue realizado usando el método entropy-weight, el cual identifica los criterios en los cuales existe gran divergencia entre los grupos de interés, permitiendo así establecer medidas para prevenir potenciales conflictos ambientales. Luego, con el fin de aplicar y testear el método integrado propuesto fueron realizados dos casos de estudio. El primer caso de estudio fue un proyecto minero ubicado en el norte de Perú. En este estudio se identificaron tres grupos de interés y siete criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo población urbana y el grupo población rural, el proyecto tendría un impacto social positivo y negativo, respectivamente. Para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social normal. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental en orden de importancia fueron: acceso al agua potable, pobreza, PIB per cápita, y empleo. El segundo caso de estudio considerado fue un proyecto de exploración de hidrocarburos ubicado en el Golfo de Valencia, España. En este estudio se identificaron cuatro grupos de interés y cuatro criterios. Los resultados revelaron que para el grupo de los especialistas el proyecto tendría un impacto social negativo, y contrarias percepciones se encontraron entre el grupo de los directamente afectados y el grupo de los ciudadanos a favor. También fue notado que los criterios más probables de generar conflicto ambiental fueron el porcentaje de desempleo y el PIB per cápita. El método integrado propuesto en esta tesis mostró un gran potencial sobre los casos estudiados, y podría ser aplicado a otros contextos y otros tipos de proyectos, tales como gestión de recursos hídricos, proyectos industriales, proyectos de construcción de obras públicas, y para medir el impacto social y prevenir conflictos durante la aplicación de políticas y programas gubernamentales.
[CAT] L'avaluació de l'impacte social (SIA) és una part de l'avaluació de l'impacte ambiental (EIA), la qual està caracteritzada pel seu alt nivell d'incertitud i els aspectes subjectius presents en els mètodes amprats durant la seua conducció. A més, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental (ECA) s'ha convertit en un factor clau per a la viabilitat dels projectes i el benestar de la població afectada. En esta tesis es proposa un mètode integrat per a l'avaluació de l'impacte social i la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental, mitjançant la combinació del mètode grey clustering i el mètode entropy-weight. L'avaluació de l'impacte social ha segut realitzada usant el mètode grey clustering, el qual permet que la informació qualitativa arreplegada dels grups d'interès siga quantificada. Successivament, la anàlisis del conflicte ambiental ha segut realitzada usant el mètode entropy-weight, el qual identifica els criteris en els quals existeix gran divergència entre els grups d'interès, la qual cosa permet establir mides per a prevenir conflictes ambientals potencials. Després, amb la finalitat d'aplicar i testejar el mètode integrat proposat han segut realitzats dos casos d'estudi. El primer d'ells ha segut un projecte miner al nord de Perú. En aquest estudi, tres grups d'interès i set criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup població-urbana i el grup població-rural, el projecte experimentaria un positiu i un negatiu impacte social respectivament. Per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social normal. Per altra banda també va ser reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental en orde d'importància foren: accés a l'aigua potable, pobresa, PIB per càpita, i ofici. El segon cas d'estudi considerat va ser un projecte d'exploració d'hidrocarburs ubicat al Golf de València, Espanya. En este estudi, quatre grups d'interès i quatre criteris foren identificats. Els resultats revelaren que per al grup dels especialistes el projecte tindria un impacte social negatiu, mentre que entre el grup dels directament afectats i el grup dels ciutadans a favor es mostraren percepcions contraries. Va ser també reconegut que els criteris més probables de generar conflicte ambiental foren el percentatge de desocupació i el PIB per càpita. El mètode integrat proposat en aquesta tesis mostra un gran potencial sobre els casos estudiats, i pot ser aplicat a altres contexts i altres tipus de projectes com gestió de recursos hídrics, projectes industrials i projectes de construcció d'obres públiques. A més pot fer-se servir per mesurar l'impacte social i prevenir conflictes durant l'aplicació de polítiques i programes governamentals.
Delgado Villanueva, KA. (2016). Methodological proposal for social impact assessment and environmental conflict analysis [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/64063
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Mo, Kon-shing. "Comparing EA (EIA) process of dredging projects between United States (US) and Hong Kong (HK) /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14723402.
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Cheema, Abdul Haleem. "Environmental impact assessment system in Punjab, Pakistan : review and proposals for improvement /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1998. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19906985.
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Berry, Maresi (Maresi Ann) 1969. "Graphical method for airport noise impact analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/50429.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 1998.Includes bibliographical references (p. 99-102).
by Maresi Berry.
S.M.
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Lung, Hon-kei William. "Environmental impact assessments and transport development in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339251.
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Berger, Karin, and Emmanouil Garyfalakis. "Environmental Impact Assessment of road transportation : Analysis to measure environmental impacts of road transportation basedon a company case." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19035.
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Activities, conducted in the logistics sector, contribute to pollute the world. Especially, road transportation contaminates the environment with the release of exhaust emissions. Transport volumes as well as the proportion of the road sector are constantly rising, which intensifies its environmental impacts. In order to determine the main culprits of pollution, Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) are used. These concepts are mostly ambiguous, fuzzy and hard to present in a comprehensive way. The main purpose of the present thesis is to develop an analysis in order to investigate the environmental impacts of road transportation along a certain supply chain. An academic resource was used as database, in order to develop and test an exhauste mission calculation in cooperation with a case company. Besides CO2, this assessment also focuses on the measurement of other exhauste missions like Nox, PM or CO. Furthermore, economic factors like, costs caused per transport are calculated. Aspects, like capacity utilization, the use of environmentally friendly tires or eco-friendly driving styles, are included in the analysis. These factors influence fuel consumption and thus the final production of exhaust emissions. A detailed description of each factor and calculation step is illustrated in this thesis. Due to a high complexity of transportation, this analysis is limited to road transportation. The fundament of the analysis builds the categorization of crafts due to the Euro standards. Hence, just transports conducted with crafts, manufactured within the European Union, can be evaluated. A validation test and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to approve the practicability of the developed assessment. During this process, strengths and weaknesses of the analysis were identified. Finally, the analysis is critically examined by showing its application constraints as well as prospective development opportunities. An enlargement, to include other transport modes, material handling activities in order to measure impacts during intermodal transportation along a whole transportation chain, is a prospect outlook.
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Velasco, Anthea A. "EIA in the Philippines a comparative analysis with a focus on the role of donor agencies /." Master's thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/18156.
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Thesis (MSc)--Macquarie University, Graduate School of the Environment, 1998.Bibliography: p. 115-127.
Introduction -- The Philippine environmental impact statement (EIS) system during the last decade -- Environmental impact assessment in Southeast Asia -- Environmental impact assessment: the donor agencies' perspective -- Donor agencies and the Philippine EIS system -- Synthesis and recommendations -- Bibliography -- Appendices.
This study documents and analyses the implementation of environmental impact assessment in the Philippines, comparing it with other Southeast Asian countries' EIA procedures with emphasis on the role of donor agencies. It concludes that the Philippine EIS system, in spite of some shortcomings, performed satisfactorily though implementation and enforcement ha/ a lot of room for improvement.--The Philippines has one of the most comprehensive EIA laws and policies in Southeast Asia. The Philippine Environmental Impact Statement (EIS) System has undergone four phases of implementation as evidence that there is a continuous effort in improving its application. Originally conceived as a regulatory tool, the EIS system has slowly moved to being a management tool to aid decision makers in selecting the best alternative after examining the trade offs between social needs, environmental concerns and economic and financial viability of a project or activity. Recent reforms in the EIA implementing rules and regulations are expected to further enhance the administration and overall utility of EIA in the Philippines.--The Philippine EIS System is well advanced in comparison with Southeast Asia and some Western EIA systems. It has strong legal and regulatory frameworks and guidelines and procedures for its implementation are well set up. Through time, there have been amendments such as the social acceptability concept to enhance public participation, specific guidelines for scoping and the requirement of Environmental Guarantee and Monitoring Funds for compliance monitoring, which aimed at improving EIA implementation. However, compliance and enforcement are still insufficient due to the inherent problem of lack of financial and human resources and political support.--Donor agencies have been influential in the formulation and improvement in EIA implementation in the Philippines. The initial environmental policy in the Philippines that was formulated with the assistance from the US government became the foundation of the preceding environmental laws and policies. The Philippines has obtained a fair amount of EIA technical assistance from bilateral and multilateral donors to support institutional capacity building and to train EIA implementors, project proponents and non-government organisations and to build and upgrade environmental management facilities and equipment. Donors have little influence in the actual conduct of EIA in the Philippines. The Philippine EIS system has the same requirements and procedures from local and foreign-funded projects and all project proponents are required to comply.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xiii, 143 p. ill
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Harvey, Nicholas. "The role of the environment impact statements under the South Australian Planning Act from 1982-1993 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PLM/09plmh342.pdf.
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Petry, Kimberly Johanna. "The impact of cool roofs in different climatic regions| A quantitative empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Maryland, College Park, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3627665.
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This research investigated regional climate differences and weather impacts on the effectiveness of cool roofs. In most US climate zones, cool roofs can reduce energy consumption because they reflect more sunlight and heat than standard roofs. Since temperatures are expected to increase in many regions, cool roofs may offer greater energy and cost savings than currently estimated. Energy consumption by Department of Energy (DOE) Research Laboratory buildings across the US with cool and standard roofs were assessed using metered energy datasets collected from 2003-2013. Statistical tests were conducted to compare differences in energy consumption of buildings between cool and standard roofs at sites in different climatic regions. In order to better understand the effectiveness of cool roof technologies in a future that is expected to become increasingly warmer, data collected from weather stations near each DOE site were used to interpret the potential influences of weather patterns on cool roof energy savings. This research confirmed that cool roofs do reduce energy consumption, especially at sites with warmer summers and milder winters. Regression analyses of energy consumption and temperature data were conducted to identify associations between air temperatures and heating and cooling degree-days with seasonal energy consumption. While the energy consumption of buildings with cool roofs was generally less than buildings with standard roofs, the differences in energy consumption varied depending on building use and building size.
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Ahlroth, Sofia. "Valuation of environmental impacts and its use in environmental systems analysis tools." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Skolan för Arkitektur och samhällsbyggnad, Kungliga Tekniska högskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-11765.
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Autret, Arnaud. "Modular neural networks for analysis of flow cytometry data." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2003. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/modular-neural-networks-for-analysis-of-flow-cytometry-data(49f3349b-e86a-4bfb-a689-c853323b6f2d).html.
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In predicting environmental hazards or estimating the impact of human activities on the marine ecosystem, scientists have multiplied the need for sample analysis. The classical microscopic approach is time consuming and wastes the talent and intellectual abilities of trained specialists. Therefore, scientists developed an automated optical tool, called a Flow Cytometer (FC), to analyse samples quickly and in large quantities. The flow cytometer has successfully been applied to real phytoplankton studies. However, analysis of the data extracted from samples is still required. Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) are one of the tools applied to FC data analysis. Despite several successful applications, ANNs have not been widely adopted by the marine biologist community, as they can not possible to change the number of species in the classification problem without retraining of the full system from scratch. Training is time consuming and requires expertise in ANNs. Moreover, most ANN paradigms cannot cope effectively with unknown data, such as data coming from new phytoplankton species or from species outside the scope of the studies. This project developed a new ANN technique based on a modular architecture that removes the need for retraining and allows unknowns to be detected and rejected. Furthermore, the Support Vector Machine architecture is applied in this domain for the first time and compared against another ANN paradigm called Radial Basis Function Networks. The results show that the modular architecture is able to effectively deal with new data which can be incorporated into the ANN architecture without fully retraining the system.
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Czajkowski, Jeffrey Robert. "Economic analysis of the Florida Everglades restoration." FIU Digital Commons, 2003. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2704.
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An economic valuation methodology was developed in order to monetarily quantify the benefits resulting from the Indian River Lagoon - South (IRLS) $995 million Everglades restoration project. Service flows of the IRLS were identified and their associated economic baseline values were estimated utilizing existing research. A water quality baseline for the IRLS was also established and compared with the best available standards. Benefits accruing beyond the baseline values given the completion of the IRLS restoration were estimated via benefit transfer to be approximately $159 million annually, importantly factoring in the established IRLS water quality baseline.
Given these benefit results of a lower bound estimate, the project was determined not to be economically feasible, i.e., NPV < $0, via a cost-benefit analysis. However, Monte Carlo analyses provided further insights into the probability of an economically feasible restoration (36%) given the uncertainty surrounding the benefit estimation, as well as specific variables to focus on to improve this probability. This research highlights the potential significant economic value of the IRLS and the importance of properly estimating this value given the magnitude of costs.
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Kan, Hon-shing. "EIA of sewerage projects : an overview of the Hong Kong situation /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709296.
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Persson, Alexandra. "Environmental Impact Assessments in Detailed Development Plan Processes: An Adequacy Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103756.
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A detailed development plan (DDP) is a legally binding plan that regulates the municipalities land use on a detailed level. The purpose with the DDP is to evaluate the suitability for development on land access, in order for municipalities to manage spatial planning and minimize environmental harm. If a DDP would likely cause a significant impact on the environment, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to be produced. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how DDP and EIA processes are working on a local level in Sweden, and how the quality is reflected in the processes. More specifically, I investigated the role of EIA actors involved in the DDP process, as well as whether these processes are inadequate from an environmental conservation perspective. To investigate these issues, a document study was conducted as well as an interview study. The results from the study presents several shortcomings in both processes; examples of shortcomings were the lacking knowledge among the DDP and EIA actors in how to conduct the process, as well as interpreting and understanding the law. Other observed shortcomings were the different levels of engagement among the plan administrators, the EIA performers and the County Administrative Board reviewers. Three important factors were recognized for achieving good processes. Firstly, the people involved need to have broad knowledge and good qualifications. Secondly, the actors must be able to communicate in a good and clear manner. Lastly, the third factor is a good process leader who brings together the DDP and EIA process.
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Carrasco, Luis Eduardo. "Analysis of Environmental Impact Statements for Highway Projects in North Carolina." NCSU, 2002. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-07152002-170729/.
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The objectives of this research were (1) to discover associations among economic and environmental factors of highway projects considered in environmental impact statements from 1980 to 1999 produced by the North Carolina Department of Transportation, and (2) study whether this information changed through time, including whether a discernible change occurred when biodiversity regulations were introduced. Multivariate analyses tools were used for this purpose with data collected from 43 EISs. Two main relationships were found, between geographical region and environmental impacts, and between environmental impacts and economic characteristics of projects. While a relationship between geographical region and environmental impacts was expected, the relationship between environmental impacts and economic characteristics of a project was not. This relationship suggests that more environmental impacts occurred or are identified in high-income counties. However, information pertaining to farmland potentially impacted is reported inconsistently in NCDOT documents and cannot be used reliably for comparison purposes. For this reason, environmental impacts in lower-income counties may be seriously underestimated. According to the variables selected for this study, and assuming they effectively represent biodiversity treatment in EISs, logistic discrimination analyses provided some evidence that the CEQ regulation of 1993 concerning treatment of biodiversity had an effect on EISs. This effect might suggest either an improvement in data quality and/or an increase in the attention given to impacts to wetlands and to endangered species included in EISs because of demands from the regulation. Economic factors and impacts to property in EIS, and of geographic location, environmental impacts, and environmental assessment factors showed significant time trends. However, these relationships have not been affected by environmental regulation.
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Liem, Rhea Patricia. "System level assessment of uncertainty in aviation environmental policy impact analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62318.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2010.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 83-93).
This thesis demonstrates the assessment of uncertainty of a simulation model at the system level, which takes into account the interaction between the modules that comprise the system. Results from this system level assessment process aid policy-makers by identifying the key drivers of uncertainty in model outputs, among the input factors of the various modules that comprise the system. This knowledge can help direct resource allocation for research to reduce the uncertainty in policy outputs. The assessment results can also identify input factors that, when treated as deterministic variables, will not significantly affect the output variability. The system level assessment process is demonstrated on a model that estimates the air quality impacts of aviation. The model comprises two modules: the Aviation Environmental Design Tool (AEDT), which simulates aircraft operations to estimate performance and emissions inventories, and the Aviation environmental Portfolio Management Tool (APMT)- Impacts Air Quality module, which estimates the health and welfare impacts associated with aviation emissions. Global sensitivity analysis is employed to quantify the contribution of uncertainty in each input factor to the variability of system outputs, which here are adult mortality rates and total health cost. The assessment results show that none of the input factors of AEDT contribute significantly to the variability of system outputs. Therefore, if uncertainty reduction in the estimation of adult mortality and total health cost is desired, future research efforts should be directed towards gaining more knowledge on the input factors of the APMT-Impacts Air Quality module. This thesis also demonstrates the application of system level assessment in policy impact analysis, where policy impact is defined as the incremental change between baseline and policy outputs. In such an analysis, it is important to ensure that the uncertainty in policy impacts only accounts for the uncertainty corresponding to the difference between baseline and policy scenarios. Some input factors have a common source of uncertainty between scenarios, in which case the same representation of uncertainty must be used. Other input factors, on the other hand, are assumed to have independent variability between the different scenarios, and therefore need to have independent representation of uncertainty. This thesis demonstrates uncertainty assessment of a technology infusion policy analysis.
by Rhea Patricia Liem.
S.M.
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Romanillos, Palerm Juan Antonio. "Public participation in environmental impact assessment : an empirical-theoretical analysis framework." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8341.
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林景光 and King-kong Lam. "Environmental impact assessment: impact on land-use & infrastructure design." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1997. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31980211.
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Tanner, Diane Janet. "Environmental impact assessment and its role in regional development planning." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25057.
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This study documents strengths and weaknesses inherent in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA), as currently practiced at the federal level in Canada. Two case studies are examined—the Beaufort Sea hydrocarbon development and production Environmental Assessment and Review Process (EARP), and the West Coast offshore hydrocarbon exploration EIA (a joint federal/provincial review). By examining current strengths and weaknesses valuable lessons can be learned and utilized in adapting the role of EIA within wider planning processes. The major objective of this study is to determine how the West Coast EIA can contribute to a more considered approach to development planning in the West Coast region.
The study reviews relevant literature on planning and EIA to provide information on theoretical relationships between EIA and planning. This provided a basis for evaluating strengths and weaknesses of the Beaufort Sea EARP. The West Coast EIA was compared and contrasted to the Beaufort Sea EARP to determine what lessons had been learned from the latter review. Based on this evaluation, suggestions were made on ways in which the West Coast EIA, principally through the panel's recommendations, could contribute both to improvements in EARP, and to effective planning and management of West Coast offshore hydrocarbon resources.
Evaluation of the two case studies revealed that there are both strengths and weaknesses evident in EIA. Major strengths are the comprehensive scope of the reviews, public involvement, and, in the case of the Beaufort Sea EARP, the provision of intervenor funding, and, a unique opportunity to examine government's management capability.
Both EIAs are affected by similar external circumstances--the lack of a coordinated policy and planning framework, and outstanding native claims. The Beaufort Sea EARP panel failed to make the most of its opportunity to address the partial policy and planning vacuum. The West Coast EIA panel still has an opportunity to address the partial vacuum within which it is operating.
The Beaufort Sea EARP and West Coast EIA both examine preliminary project proposals associated with hydrocarbon activities. However, the Beaufort Sea EARP panel provided little guidance on how such preliminary EIAs should be handled in future, or recommendations on subsequent project specific EIA requirements. The thesis suggests ways in which the West Coast EIA can avoid repeating this deficiency.
There is a definite weakness in EARP procedure. As a one-shot approach, EARP focuses on the product (the Environmental Impact Statement) rather than on environmental management as an ongoing, continuous process. Thus, the Beaufort Sea EIA process ended after the panel submitted its Final Report, and it appears that the same will apply for the West Coast. EIA review. Consequently, there is no guarantee that management-oriented monitoring, which should be an integral part of EIA, will be undertaken. This study concludes that if the West Coast EIA is to make a valuable contribution to regional development planning the panel should more fully utilize the information it receives than previous panels have done. Moreover, it must clearly establish and document in its Final Report the major issues and concerns impeding orderly development of the region. How will these concerns interfere with hydrocarbon exploration and other resource uses? How can governments act to resolve these outstanding issues? This requires going beyond merely documenting future data and research requirements to a consideration of the policy, planning and institutional requirements for rational development of West Coast resources.
I suggest several major issues deserving of focused attention: lack of a coordinated regional planning framework; project need assessment; jurisdictional dispute; outstanding native claims; future project specific EIA requirements; community involvement in future assessments; monitoring; intervenor funding; and compensation. The panel, of course, may uncover other issues and concerns.Applied Science, Faculty of
Community and Regional Planning (SCARP), School of
Graduate
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Cao, Jing. "Essays on environmental tax policy analysis dynamic computable general equilibrium approaches applied to China /." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2007. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3264920.
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Chan, Yiu-keung, and 陳耀強. "Review of environmental impact assessment: a comparison between Hong Kong and Canada." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125309X.
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Wong, Hon-meng. "A feasibility study of the application of the strategic environmental assessment (sea) process to plans and planning policies in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1993. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13883823.
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