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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental impact analysis Transportation'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Berger, Karin, and Emmanouil Garyfalakis. "Environmental Impact Assessment of road transportation : Analysis to measure environmental impacts of road transportation basedon a company case." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19035.

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Activities, conducted in the logistics sector, contribute to pollute the world. Especially, road transportation contaminates the environment with the release of exhaust emissions. Transport volumes as well as the proportion of the road sector are constantly rising, which intensifies its environmental impacts. In order to determine the main culprits of pollution, Environmental Impact Analysis (EIA) are used. These concepts are mostly ambiguous, fuzzy and hard to present in a comprehensive way. The main purpose of the present thesis is to develop an analysis in order to investigate the environmental impacts of road transportation along a certain supply chain. An academic resource was used as database, in order to develop and test an exhauste mission calculation in cooperation with a case company. Besides CO2, this assessment also focuses on the measurement of other exhauste missions like Nox, PM or CO. Furthermore, economic factors like, costs caused per transport are calculated. Aspects, like capacity utilization, the use of environmentally friendly tires or eco-friendly driving styles, are included in the analysis. These factors influence fuel consumption and thus the final production of exhaust emissions. A detailed description of each factor and calculation step is illustrated in this thesis. Due to a high complexity of transportation, this analysis is limited to road transportation. The fundament of the analysis builds the categorization of crafts due to the Euro standards. Hence, just transports conducted with crafts, manufactured within the European Union, can be evaluated. A validation test and in-depth interviews were conducted in order to approve the practicability of the developed assessment. During this process, strengths and weaknesses of the analysis were identified. Finally, the analysis is critically examined by showing its application constraints as well as prospective development opportunities. An enlargement, to include other transport modes, material handling activities in order to measure impacts during intermodal transportation along a whole transportation chain, is a prospect outlook.
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2

Lee, Chi-hong. "Environmental impact of transportation in 2003 in Hong Kong /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B13813687.

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3

Lung, Hon-kei William. "Environmental impact assessments and transport development in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23339251.

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4

Lee, Chi-hong, and 李志康. "Environmental impact of transportation in 2003 in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125293X.

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5

Sturm, Joseph P. "Analysis of cost estimation disclosure in environmental impact statements for surface transportation projects." Connect to this title online, 2007. http://etd.lib.clemson.edu/documents/1202501316/.

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Thesis (M.S.) -- Clemson University, 2007.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 57 p. ; also includes graphics (chiefly col.). Contains 2 additional supplemental files.
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6

Krysinski, Yann, Sebastain Luck, Toshi Shepard-Ohta, and Gregory Woods. "Impact analysis of MBTA 2009 Key Bus Route Initiative program." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/64568.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.
Statement of responsibility on t.p. reads: Yann Krysinski and Sebastain Luck and Toshi Shepard-Ohta and Gregory Woods. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 122).
The Massachusetts Bay Transit Agency (MBTA) has the stated service objectives of customer service excellence, accessibility, reliability, and state-of-the-art technology. Over the last few years, the MBTA has been concerned about a possible decline in bus service quality. In response, the MBTA launched the Key Bus Route Initiative (KBRI) program in 2009. Funded entirely by the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, the program is intended to improve bus service reliability on six key bus routes in the Boston area. The program uses an array of new initiatives to achieve this goal. In September 2009, our team of four students in the Master of Engineering Program was asked to provide an independent impact analysis of the KBRI program. In response, we worked to analyze KBRI as well as expand the scope of the study to answer the two-part question of how to best improve bus service performance with limited resources and how to best use existing technology to strategically plan for future performance improvements. To this end, performance metrics were developed, which focus on customer's perception of both bus service efficiency and reliability. These metrics and the methodology provide a short term tool to analyze KBRI, but also a strategic framework for continuous improvement in overall MBTA bus service. This report demonstrates that additional resources deployed on KBRI selected routes had considerable positive impacts on bus service performance. As a result of the KBRI initiatives, MBTA customers riding these routes saved a total wait time of 56 hours per day in the AM and PM peak travel periods. In addition to demonstrating how these results were achieved, this report provides further in-depth analysis of MBTA bus service performance. Several cases are shown where performance was improved without adding additional resources. For that reason, we provide general schedule related findings, which are summarized as recommendations for future efficient schedule adjustments on other MBTA routes. Additionally, our analysis has shown that tremendous potential exists for expanded use of automated data collection systems at the MBTA. By linking several systems, which to this point have not interfaced with one another, we provide to the MBTA a framework for how to use these existing technologies to strategically plan for future performance improvements.
by Yann Krysinski ... [et al.]
M.Eng.
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7

Lung, Hon-kei William, and 龍漢基. "Environmental impact assessments and transport development in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31945545.

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8

Jimenez, Hernando. "A strategic planning approach for the operational-environmental problem of air transportation system terminal areas." Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/31761.

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Thesis (Ph.D)--Aerospace Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010.
Committee Member: Dr. Fayette Collier; Committee Member: Prof. Daniel Schrage; Committee Member: Prof. Dimitri N. Mavris; Committee Member: Prof. John Leonard; Committee Member: Prof. John-Paul Clarke. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.
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9

Stagnolia, Steed Kenlee. "Risk Assessment for Hazardous Materials Incident, Washington County, Tennessee: Road Transportation, Rail Transportation, and Hazardous Materials Storage." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2007. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/2125.

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This study was conducted to provide a quantitative risk assessment for road transportation, railway transportation, and storage of hazardous materials in Washington County, Tennessee. A roadside survey, railroad hazardous materials survey, and a chemical inventory were conducted. It revealed an estimated 267,858 HAZMAT shipments per year on primary and secondary roadways and an estimated total of 9.4 x 109 tons of HAZMAT shipped by rail per year. There are 49 facilities that store a daily average of 33,722,700 lbs of HAZMAT. The risk of a hazardous materials incident occurring in Washington County is highest for Interstate transportation. The risk for a HAZMAT incident within the county is lower or equal to similar locations in the United States for other roadways surveyed, rail transportation, and fixed storage. Low risk does not mean there is no risk. In order to be prepared for a future incident planning, training, and research should continue.
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10

Dowd, Michael G. "Modeling inundation impacts on transportation network performance : a GIS and four-step transportation modeling analysis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99567.

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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, 2015.
Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.
Page 262 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 248-251).
The world's leading climate scientists have reached a consensus that "[w]arming of the climate system is unequivocal" (IPCC, 2007). This warming will carry with it a host of consequences for the global community, including increased occurrence of flooding. Little focus has been placed on the operation of transport systems during, or shortly after inundation events. Inundation affects the availability and quality of network assets (i.e. Transportation Supply) and inhabitable land, which produces and attracts transportation users (i.e. Demand). In this thesis, I apply an altered four-step transportation modeling method to allow for the analysis of impacts in a single set time: modeling an event rather than a future equilibrium scenario. I show how traditional four-step models can be used to produce valuable metrics describing performance of the disrupted transportation system. Such metrics contribute to understanding potential consequences and planning for mitigation and response. Using the Boston Metro Region as a case study, and a four-step model for the year 2010, 1 demonstrate a method (Inundation Impact Assessment) for quantifying transport network impacts under six different inundation levels, one-foot to six-feet. The results indicate that inundation has widespread impacts on the ability of persons to complete trips and the performance of both the auto and transit networks. I then demonstrate how this method can be applied to examine different infrastructure projects in the future, modeling two different demographic scenarios for the year 2030 with two different BRT alignments. The goal is to evaluate potential contribution of BRT to recoup trips lost by the impact of inundation on other transit links. The methods and approaches used in this work show how such four-step models can be used to plan for inundation events. This method provides significant amounts of data that can be used to assess the value of potential interventions, such as the protection of mobility or the reinforcement of transportation network performance.
by Michael Dowd.
M.C.P.
S.M. in Transportation
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11

Alagan, Ramakrishnan. "Participatory GIS approaches to environmental impact assessment a case study of the Appalachian Corridor H transportation project /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2007. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=5035.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2007.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xvii, 210 p. : ill. (some col.), col. maps. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 169-210).
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12

Fröjd, Mika, and Evelina Skårhammar. "Environmental impact of a led fitting : A conducted life cycle analysis on a led fitting." Thesis, Tekniska Högskolan, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49888.

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Purpose –The purpose of this research is to increase knowledge about how a led fitting impacts the environment. To be able to fulfil the purpose, it has been broken down into four research questions: • RQ1: What is the environmental impact during transportation? • RQ2: What is the environmental impact during the use phase? • RQ3: What is the environmental impact during the end of life phase? • RQ4: How can the environmental impact be decreased? Method: The authors worked abductive in the relation between theories and empirical data. The authors conducted a case study at a Swedish company in Jönköping. The case study covers a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA). The LCA includes four different stages; goal, scope & boundary definition, life-cycle inventory analysis, life cycle impact assessment and interpretation. During the stages the authors carried out a pre study, interview, document study and calculations. To find out more information about the problem area a literature study was conducted. Theoretical material was received from books, peer review articles and reports. The literature study and the case study increased the authors knowledge to answer the research questions. Findings: The research findings indicate that transportation, Use- and end of life phase impact the environment in different amounts of greenhouse gases (CO2e). The transportation from production to customer stands for 0,16 kg CO2e, the use phase for 15,6 kg CO2e and end of life for 0,5 kg CO2e. The environmental impact can be decreased if companies both deal with the issue to make products more sustainable during the entire life cycle. The transportation’s environmental impact can be decreased through reduction of CO2 emission, which is the dominated greenhouse gases during road freight transportation. The use phase environmental impact can be decreased if adapting a more efficient consumption system. Another way to minimize the environmental impact is to offer and implement maintenance and repairing. The end of life environmental impact can be decreased by recycling or reuse the materials. Another way to lower the impact is to have a holistic perspective when choosing material. Lastly the impact can be decreased if companies, already in the design stage to think about the products last phase. Implications: The practical implications in this study is the case study. The case study contributed with knowledge about the environmental impact of a led fitting. The study has not contributed with any new theories. The study is based on a problem statement with already amount of existing theories and developed tools to calculate the environmental impact. Even if the study did not contribute theoretically, it strengthens already existing theories or statement from other researchers. Limitations: The research ability to generalize can be questioned since the research was limited to a single case study. This can affect the generalizability of the result. Keywords – Sustainability, Environmental impact, LCA, led fitting, Life cycle, use phase, end of life phase, transportation, Carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e)
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Bladelius, Johanna, and Klara Volmerdal. "The Environmental Impact of E-commerce : A comparative analysis of CO2e emissions in e-commerce and traditional retailing." Thesis, Jönköping University, JTH, Logistik och verksamhetsledning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-53836.

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Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the environmental impact of e-commerce, considering the effects on CO2e emissions from transportation and implications on product packaging.  Method: The research approach used in the study is an exploratory single case study design. The research questions were answered by using both qualitative and quantitative methods and the data collection methods used were interviews and document analyses in combination with a literature review.  Findings: The study shows that there is no straightforward answer to whether e-commerce is a better option environmentally speaking or not since it very much depends on the context and circumstances. Regarding transportation, e-commerce and especially home delivery, emitted least CO2e emissions. It was also shown that electric cars were the most environmentally friendly option considering consumer trips. Regarding packaging, it was shown that e-commerce resulted in larger packages and thus more CO2e emissions and waste.  Originality: The study contributes to an understanding of the environmental implications of e-commerce, and therefore, it can support companies in their progress toward becoming a more sustainable business. Limitations/delimitations: The study is limited to one case company and focuses on domestic deliveries within Sweden. Returns of products will not be included in any calculations. Emissions resulting from producing more packaging material, or the transportation of packaging material before usage, are not considered.  Theoretical implications: The study contributes to existing research within the area since it covers a different context by studying a manufacturer and adds a new perspective by considering different fuels for consumer trips in the calculations.  Managerial implications: Based on the result of the study practical suggestions for companies to reduce their environmental impact are presented, for example, implement a standard packaging procedure and outsource logistics activities to 3PL companies.
Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka miljöeffekterna av e-handel, med beaktande av effekterna på CO2e utsläpp från transport och konsekvenser för produktförpackningar. Metod: Forskningsmetoden som används i studien är en undersökande design för enstaka fallstudier. Forskningsfrågorna kan besvaras med både kvalitativa och kvantitativa metoder och de datainsamlingsmetoder som använts är intervjuer och dokumentanalyser i kombination med en litteraturöversikt. Resultat: Studien visar att det inte finns något enkelt svar på om e-handel är ett bättre alternativ miljömässigt eller inte, eftersom det beror mycket på sammanhang och omständigheter. När det gäller transport, e-handel och särskilt hemleverans, släppte de ut minst CO2e utsläpp. Det visades också att elbilar var det mest miljövänliga alternativet med tanke på konsumentresor. När det gäller förpackningar visades det att e-handel resulterade i större paket och därmed mer CO2e utsläpp och avfall. Originalitet: Studien bidrar till en ökad förståelse för miljöpåverkan av e-handel, och kan därför stödja företag i deras framsteg mot att bli en mer hållbar verksamhet. Begränsningar: Studien är begränsad till ett fallföretag och fokuserar på inrikes leveranser inom Sverige. Retur av produkter ingår inte i några av beräkningarna. Utsläpp från produktion av mer förpackningsmaterial eller transport av förpackningsmaterial före användning beaktas inte. Teoretiska implikationer: Studien bidrar till befintlig forskning inom området eftersom den täcker ett annat sammanhang genom att studera en tillverkare och lägger till ett nytt perspektiv genom att beakta olika bränslen för konsumentresor i beräkningarna. Praktiska implikationer: Baserat på resultatet av studien presenteras praktiska förslag för företag för att minska sin miljöpåverkan, till exempel genom att implementera en standardiserad process för att paketering och lägga ut logistikaktiviteter till 3PL-företag.
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Zhang, Wenwen. "The effect of compact development on travel behavior, energy consumption and GHG emissions in Phoenix metropolitan area." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/47703.

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Suburban growth in the U.S. urban regions has been defined by large subdivisions of single-family detached units. This growth is made possible by the mobility supported by automobiles and an extensive highway network. These dispersed and highly automobile-dependent developments have generated a large body of work examining the socioeconomic and environmental impacts of suburban growth on cities. The particular debate that this study addresses is whether suburban residents are more energy intensive in their travel behavior than central city residents. If indeed suburban residents have needs that are not satisfied by the amenities around them, they may be traveling farther to access such services. However, if suburbs are becoming like cities with a wide range of services and amenities, travel might be contained and no different from the travel behavior of residents in central areas. This paper will compare the effects of long term suburban growth on travel behavior, energy consumption, and GHG emissions through a case study of neighborhoods in central Phoenix and the city of Gilbert, both in the Phoenix metropolitan region. Motorized travel patterns in these study areas will be generated using 2001 and 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) data by developing a four-step transportation demand model in TransCAD. Energy consumption and GHG emissions, including both Carbon Dioxide (CO₂) and Nitrous Oxide (N₂O) for each study area will be estimated based on the corresponding trip distribution results. The final normalized outcomes will not only be compared spatially between Phoenix and Gilbert within the same year, but also temporally between years 2001 and 2009 to determine how the differential land use changes in those places influenced travel. The results from this study reveal that suburban growth does have an impact on people's travel behaviors. As suburbs grew and diversified, the difference in travel behavior between people living in suburban and urban areas became smaller. In the case of shopping trips the average length of trips for suburban residents in 2009 was slightly shorter than that for central city residents. This convergence was substantially due to the faster growth in trip lengths for central city compared to suburban residents in the 8-year period. However, suburban residents continue to be more energy intensive in their travel behavior, as the effect of reduction in trip length is likely to be offset by the more intensive growth in trip frequency. Additionally, overall energy consumption has grown significantly in both study areas over the period of study.
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15

Young, Pui-yin Edwin. "Planning implications of airport related projects on Tsing Yi Island /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1992. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1335789X.

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16

Farr, Elizabeth J. "Feasibility Analysis and Strategic Measures for Promoting Viable New Urban Development." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1210.

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This thesis demonstrates that New Urbanism is both an advisable and feasible method for reducing carbon emissions to mitigate global climate change. New Urban areas commonly generate lower carbon emissions compared to conventional suburban development due to lower car use and higher levels of walking and use of other forms of transportation. Economic and political feasibility of New Urban development is determined by analyzing case studies, housing price premia, financing, and fiscal impact. The many contexts and perspectives involved in the planning process are analyzed to determine if New Urbanism is advisable in the larger setting in which developers, advocates, and governments operate. In order to enable the planning strategy to achieve a more positive effect and become more widespread, key policy changes and strategic enactment measures are delineated. This thesis finds that New Urbanism has very strong potential to have a significant positive impact on urban sustainability.
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Young, Pui-yin Edwin, and 楊沛然. "Planning implications of airport related projects on Tsing Yi Island." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1992. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258104.

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18

Gillman, Malin. "Eco-route modelling using GIS : How to find the most sustainable route option." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-185860.

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In a time when the concept of sustainability is gaining increasing attention among the public, as well as among stake holders and policy makers, informing people about what the most sustainable choice to make is, is crucial in leading people in the right direction.  Travelling is an activity requiring a traveller to make multiple choices, with one of the choices being which route between two places to take. The transport sector is also a strong contributing cause to global issues such as climate change, wherefore choices made in relation to transportation are highly relevant in regard to sustainable development.  Up until today, most traffic information systems for passenger car users, only provide travellers with suggestions about the fastest, or the shortest, route option. This study aims at proposing a modelling structure using GIS software, that could also return the most sustainable route alternative.  The complexity of the many spatial impacts of road transportation is thoroughly discussed in the literature review, together with dilemmas regarding route choice behaviours. A proposed modelling structure is presented, with the structure also empirically being examined as a “proof of concept”. The empirical work takes place in the urban area of Hörnefors, Sweden, and findings confirm the applicability of the proposed workflow.  In the specific case of Hörnefors, three distinct route options are investigated, in relation to four sustainability impact variables. The variables investigated are fuel consumption, air pollution, noise, and safety. Results show that the, by far, longest route, is in fact returned as the most sustainable route option. The other two route options exhibit impacts of around double the amount of impacts yielded by the most sustainable one. The generalised sustainability cost is significantly mostly determined by the air pollution variable, due to its far-reaching spatial dispersion patterns yielding impacts even at long distances from a road.  The potential application of the inclusion of sustainability in traffic information systems are additionally reviewed, according to the behavioural mechanisms mentioned in the literature 4review. Estimations of in what contexts “most sustainable route” suggestions are potentially most likely to yield behavioural changes, are also made, and assessed. Conclusions suggest that an inclusion of “most sustainable route option” modelling into travel information systems, have the highest potential to affect route choices when the user is driving at locations previously unvisited, due to the inexistence of a status quo route in such contexts.
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Junod, Martha-Anne N. "Risks, Attitudes, and Discourses in Hydrocarbon Transportation Communities: Oil by Rail and the United States’ Shale Energy Revolution." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595345780677671.

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20

Mughal, Muhammad Riaz, and Zhe Zhao. "Distribution Situations Concerning Transportation and Environmental Impact; Multiple Case Studies of Medical Manufacturers in China. : Transportation and Environmental Impact reduction." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Ekonomihögskolan, ELNU, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-12430.

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Background: The environmental aspect of transportation has got a lot of attention over the past years. It has its origin in the growing awareness of environmental problems such as the global warming. In Europe the transportation industry is responsible for 21 per cent of the total emission. While studies of the subject show that an environmental friendly distribution and transportation is considered a success factor for many companies, there is a lack of interest from them to invest to obtain it. Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find the current distribution situations and the factors that influence the transportation and environmental impacts while maintaining the same customer service level, as well as how these factors will influence distribution situations in some Chinese medical instrument manufacturing companies. Method: To gather data the authors will conduct a qualitative multiple case studies in the form of interviews at couple of medical equipment manufacturing companies to create the deep understanding needed to comprehend a company’s distribution system. Results, conclusion: Initially, the current situation of distribution system in Chinese medical instrument manufacturing companies has been found according to the cases companies’ analysis. Second, the four factors which would influence transportation and the environmental impact while keeping the same customer service level have been identified. They are fill rate, consolidation, standardization and postponement. Furthermore, benefiting how these factors will influence distribution situation through efficiency in transportation has been given as the suggestion and recommendation to some Chinese medical instrument manufacturing companies.
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Kettler, Katherine Elizabeth. "Environmental Impact Statements as They Pertain to the Ohio Department of Transportation 9-Step Transportation Development Process." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1090505844.

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22

Moriyama, Yasuaki 1972. "Strategic decision analysis for transportation systems." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/47922.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-119).
This thesis examines decision analysis methods of capital investment in transportation systems. The transportation system is a fundamental infrastructure, and requires strategic thinking in making decisions on its projects. The current valuation methods, however, do not reflect the strategic value of a project. We investigate how to make a strategic decision by comprehensively valuing a project in transportation systems. This study begins by analyzing the characteristics and risks of a railway project as an example of the transportation system, and comparing the current valuation methods based on this analysis. Current methods are useful in valuing a project when we can fairly predict its performance in the system. However, we have difficulty in valuing a project under uncertainty. Focusing on the present value of cash flows does not properly measure the significance of a strategic project, but real options value (ROV) is an effective tool to do it. We next examine the theoretical correctness of the real options as applied to a transportation project. The critical question is whether we can create a portfolio that replicates the payoffs of options even if we cannot trade the options in a market. We answer this question by proposing the complete market assumption in the real options. To this end, we analyze a case of a railway project with Binominal Model. ROV quantifies the strategic value of a project, and consequently improves the investment strategy. We show how it is critical to recognize options in a project and benefit from them to effectively develop transportation systems in a competitive market.
by Yasuaki Moriyama.
S.M.
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23

Sandoval, López Reynaldo. "Quantitative analysis of alternative transportation under environmental constraints." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/34661.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2006.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 74-75).
This thesis focuses on the transportation sector and its role in emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) and conventional pollutant emissions. Specifically, it analyzes the potential for hydrogen based transportation, introducing this technological option within a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model of the economy. The transportation sector accounts for an important part of CO2 emissions and analyses that have imposed carbon limits on the economy have shown relatively limited reductions in transportation emissions with current technology, thus the interest in technological options that would make it economic to reduce emissions. The US Federal government has been particularly focused on developing fuel cell technology for vehicles that, when powered by hydrogen, would offer a technological solution that potentially eliminates emissions of both CO2 and other conventional pollutants from the transportation sector. This work examines the economic conditions under which such a technology might successfully compete in the market. The thesis begins with an overview of the fuel-cell vehicle technology and the technologies used to produce hydrogen. This review serves as a basis for modeling this technological option.
(cont.) The main conclusions are the following: * Under market conditions and in the absence of climate policy that would price carbon, hydrogen fuel cell vehicles penetrate the USA market when the cost of vehicles is no more than 1.30 times the cost of conventional vehicles, and assuming hydrogen can be produced at 1.30 times the 1997 price of gasoline. Even if this cost target is reached and hydrogen vehicles enter the market, CO2 emissions for the US are reduced only very slightly because coal is used to produce the hydrogen and there is no incentive to sequester the carbon when the hydrogen is produced. * The existing fuel tax structure in Europe strongly favors the entry of hydrogen transportation, even when hydrogen is taxed at the same rate as gasoline. This is because the hydrogen vehicles are more efficient, and assuming the tax rate is per unit of energy, this implies a lower tax per vehicle mile traveled. Entry is possible in the middle of the century when hydrogen vehicles are twice as expensive as conventional ...
by Renaldo Sandoval López.
S.M.
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Perry, Ernest B. "Integration, status and potential of environmental justice and the social impact assessment process in transportation development in Missouri /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 2003. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p3115576.

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Doyle, Timothy Patton. "Multicriteria multistakeholder decision analysis : applications to transportation planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/104116.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2016.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 227-231).
Due to their magnitude and longevity, transportation investments can determine the long term success or failure of a transportation system. Thus, it is vital for decision-makers to have deep understanding of the alternatives available before they chose to invest. In this thesis, we examine the current state of the practice for transportation investment decisions. We draw upon the literature and this existing state of the practice to develop a new decision aid which we believe is an improvement over existing aids. We then apply this new decision aid to a transportation investment decision facing the East Japan Railway Company (JR East) and draw conclusions about the usefulness of our new tool. Our decision aid, the CLIOSjre Process, is designed to help decision-makers compare multiple alternatives and make an informed transportation investment decision. The process examines the decision from multiple perspectives where each of these perspectives represents one of the priorities of the decision-maker. By considering each priority separately, the CLIOSjre Process provides a detailed understanding of each alternative. The CLIOSjre Process also combines these individual evaluations into a single overall evaluation of each alternative. This overall evaluation provides the decision-maker with an actionable ranking of the alternatives. In combination, these perspective-specific and overall evaluations of each alternative provide a detailed and holistic understanding of the decision facing the decision-maker. Unlike many other decision aids, the CLIOSjre Process accounts for both the multistakeholder nature of transportation investments and the uncertainty inherent to these decisions. The multifaceted nature of the CLIOSjre Process examines each alternative from multiple perspectives. This approach better facilitates negotiation between stakeholders. In addition, the CLIOSjre Process formally identifies and addresses uncertainty in the analysis - the primary source of risk in transportation investment decisions. Thus, the CLIOSjre Process is a unique multicriteria, multistakeholder decision aid which addresses uncertainty. We hope that this thesis provides the reader with a better understanding of the application, challenges, and opportunities of multicriteria multistakeholder decision aids.
by Timothy Patton Doyle.
S.M. in Transportation
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26

Lindholm, Johnsson Anton, and Tomas Almén. "Efficiency in distribution : as a cost saver and environmental impact reducer." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Centre of Logistics and Supply Chain Management, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-9293.

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The environmental aspect of transportation has got a lot of attention over the past years. It has its origin in the growing awareness of environmental problems such as the global warming. Today the environmental aspect of transportation is widely discussed and is being recognized as a very important question to deal with for everyone involved. In Europe the transportation industry is responsible for 21 per cent of the total emission. While studies of the subject show that an environmental friendly supply chain is considered a success factor for many companies, there is a lack of interest from them to invest in order to obtain it. The question this dilemma raises is what a company can do in terms of reducing its impact on the environment without making big investments.

The purpose of this thesis is to investigate how, from a company perspective, efficient logistics solutions for the distribution of products can reduce transportation costs as well as the environmental impact from a company. To gather data the authors will conduct a qualitative single case study in the form of interviews at a company to create the deep understanding needed to comprehend a company’s distribution system.

The result of the analysis shows that areas considering fill rate and selection of transportation mode are findings that would increase the efficiency, which would reduce the cost of transportation and the environmental impact. Also benefits from the option to outsource the logistics function regarding the distribution of the product to a TPL have been found.

The conclusion suggests that for a company to become as efficient as possible, while at the same time reduce their negative impact on the environment they should try to maximize the fill rate, which brings along that as much goods as possible is being distributed with as limited amounts of transportations as possible. Additional important conclusions from the thesis involve the significance of choosing the most suitable mode of transportation, something that will affect a range of different factors where cost and service are found to be the most important.

 

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Nordgren, Jonathan, and Debora Johansson. "Reverse logistics management and its environmental impact: the return transportation in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Jönköping University, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-48632.

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With product returns, reverse logistics management is causing a big environmental impact, especially product returns from online shopping provided by the third-party logistics (3PL) companies. There is a need for understanding in what ways 3PL companies could reduce the environmental impact and at the same time stay competitive. This thesis qualitative method is based on semi-structured interviews with the objective to highlight the management of return transportation. Specifically, the challenges for third-party logistics (3PL) companies to reduce their environmental impact by managing the transportation of product returns and keeping their economic performances. Supporting the study, 3PL companies and end-customers, in Sweden, proposed long-term organized advice (as additional service) to the 3PLs customers for helping them reducing cost and their impact on the environment. The study suggested that 3PL companies are required to emphasize the management of transportation agreements, not only to include adequate economic clauses but also the terms for achieving environmental performances. In the long-term, these agreements will allow 3PL companies to achievetheir environmental performances and remaining competitive. The study recognized that implication for managers might be, for them to keep updated on environmental changes applying that customer’s new demands could require a different way (than today) for managing their logistics organizations. For example, these changes could have great implications for early and consistent managerial actions, impacting the reverse logistics processes, like the transportation of the returned products.
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Starkey, Darin M. "Environmental analysis of Illinois coal entry into the transportation market /." Available to subscribers only, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1796120861&sid=10&Fmt=2&clientId=1509&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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29

Starkey, Darin Michael. "ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS OF ILLINOIS COAL ENTRY INTO THE TRANSPORTATION MARKET." OpenSIUC, 2009. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/479.

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High oil prices and nationalist desires to reduce foreign dependency create opportunities for Illinois bituminous coal to be involved in the transportation market. Using Illinois coal for transportation will have varied environmental effects depending on the method of involvement. To determine these effects, this study calculated CO2 emission for gasoline and eight other vehicle propulsion methods involving Illinois coal for 100,000 miles traveled. The vehicle propulsion methods considered were electricity from Pulverized coal in a Sub-Critical power cycle (PSC), electricity from Integrated Gasification Combined power Cycle (IGCC), electricity from an Ultra Super Critical power cycle (USC), ethanol, butanol, Fischer-Tropsch (FT) diesel, hydrogen, and a combination IGCC/ethanol system to propel vehicles that use their respective fuels. Results show USC, IGCC, PSC, and hydrogen emitted the lowest CO2 with a net of 69,494, 72,866, 75,752, and 81,587 lb CO2/100,000 miles respectively. The base-line gasoline method emitted 99,170 lb CO2, while ethanol, butanol, and IGCC/ethanol methods emitted 97,078, 106,338, and 92,449lb CO2, respectively. The highest CO2 emission came from Fischer-Tropsch diesel with 180,560 lb CO2. It was concluded that life cycle energy efficiency and CO2 offset were the most influential factors for CO2 emissions per 100,000 miles.
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30

Gregorian, Hayk. "Air Transport versus High-Speed Rail: From Physics to Economics." Bachelor's thesis, Aircraft Design and Systems Group (AERO), Department of Automotive and Aeronautical Engineering, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1184074658.

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Purpose - This bachelor thesis compares high-speed rail (HSR) transport with air transport. The investigation considers physical fundamentals, energy consumption, environmental impact, infrastructure and investment, market situations, passenger's selection criteria to choose transportation options, and overall economics. --- Methodology - The thesis combines an investigation of physical principles with a literature review. --- Findings - Steel wheels on steel rails show by far less rolling resistance to support the train's weight than drag due to lift (induced drag) to support the aircraft's weight. This leads to less energy consumption. HSR trains use electricity from an overhead line. Hence, the environmental impact of HSR also depends much on how the electricity is produced. Airplanes only need an air traffic control environment to connect airports. In contrast, HSR needs infrastructure to connect stations. The amount of necessary infrastructure depends on the geological conditions. For example, crossing mountains means high investment. Longer passages over water are infeasible for HSR. High-speed rail is superior to air transport when connecting megacities because the trains have higher transport capacity, offer higher service frequencies and mission reliability, shorter total travel time, shorter access time to stations, shorter unproductive waiting time in stations and potentially lower travel costs. HSR is a strong competitor to airline services and has replaced some short range flights. A comparison of HSR in different world regions shows differences in the market situation and in passenger's selection criteria for transportation options. --- Research limitations - The potential of high-speed rail was investigated mainly on busy routes with high service frequencies. A comprehensive network comparison between high-speed trains and airplanes was not done and could lead to somewhat different results. --- Practical implications - The report tries to contribute arguments to the discussion about alternatives to air travel. --- Social implications - With more knowledge people can make an educated choice between transport options, can vote with their feet, and can take a firm position in the public discussion. --- Originality/value - A general comparison of HSR and air transport from physical fundamentals to economics seemed to be missing.
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Urtasun, López Marc. "Analysis of Autonomous Buses impact on transportation between Stockholm’s universities." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-256474.

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The city of Stockholm is developing fast and its population is strongly growing,new solutions for urban mobility must be found. Implementations in the publictransport network are needed and the use of automated buses is a present topicfor efficient and sustainable transportation. The Vetenskapsstaden area has threeof the main university campus coexisting, this leads to a generation of campusto-campus trips which creates an impact in the Stockholm’s public transport.The unique environment and singular users arise the aim to execute a potentialsolution to release ridership from the public transport network. This thesisanalyzes and evaluates whether a new automated bus line is needed or not inthe studied area. A cost model will study the proposed solutions through therated decision variables: frequency and capacity, commercial speed and differentrates of demand. The relative efficiency of the proposed implementations isstudied compared with the costs of the current public transport modes used inthe area. Numerical analysis and results are given for two different scenarios:implementing one bus line connecting the three campuses or three lines betweencampuses. The former scenario shows to be more sensitive to the studied variablesand presents higher costs whereas the second-option costs have a robust responseand lower overall price evaluation. For both infrastructure models, the rateof demand is crucial to evaluate the advantages of a potential solution. Theestablished method and criteria contributes to a better understanding of theimpact of autonomous buses to low-demand analytic models.
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32

Baniszewski, Beth (Beth Ellen). "An environmental impact analysis of grinding." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/32880.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2005.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 39-40).
This thesis was intended to investigate the environmental impact of grinding in the United States manufacturing industry. Grinding is an ideal method for producing parts with a fine surface finish and high dimensional accuracy and for shaping hard or brittle workpieces. There are a wide variety of different types of grinding machines, each with different applications and slightly different energy requirements. Workpieces are generally flooded with a stream of coolant while being ground or placed in a spray of coolant mist. Coolant recycling systems are used to filter ground off chips out of coolant and to remove foreign oils and bacteria which pose health hazards. Oil mist collectors both clean mist coolant and prevent the toxic coolant from being inhaled by machinists. In total, 63 *10¹⁵ joules of energy are consumed per year by grinding in manufacturing, 57% of which is directly used in material removal. A total of 1.5*10¹⁰ pounds of scrap chips, spent grinding wheels, and used filters are produced each year as a result of grinding, over 99% of that being scrap chips. About 2.3 million gallons of fluids per year of grinding fluids are incinerated. Grinding creates a significant environmental footprint, creating a need for methods to reduce energy use in grinding and for ways to recycle solid waste that would otherwise be sent to landfills or incinerated.
by Beth Baniszewski.
S.B.
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33

Lochner, Paul. "NM2002 impact assessment : impact assessment report." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17325.

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Bibliography: p. 94-95.
The purpose of this report is to: * assess the biophysical and socio-economic impacts of closure of De Beers Namaqualand Mines (DBNM) * provide preliminary suggestions for mitigation measures. DBNM anticipate that they will close in approximately 10 years' time. By the year 2002, all diamond deposits which are currently economically viable to mine on a large-scale would have been exploited. Closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on DBNM employees, their households, and towns where the households of employees live. Furthermore, closure is anticipated to have a significant impact on the Namaqualand economy. Therefore, DBNM commissioned the EEU to undertake an assessment of the impacts resulting from mine closure, to ascertain the effects on their employers and their affected households and communities. Through discussions with DBNM the scope for this assessment was established: * Briefly to describe the current biophysical, social and economic environments in Namaqualand and identify different trends in the region. * To assess in detail the socio-economic impacts resulting from the closure of DBNM. In addition, this report considers the impacts on the biophysical environment resulting from the closure of DBNM, because the socio-economic well-being of employees from rural areas of Namaqualand and Transkei is intrinsically linked to changes in the biophysical environment. Lastly, this report also contains preliminary suggestions for mitigating the impacts of closure.
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34

Lokhandwala, Ahmedali (Ahmedali Abbas). "Analysis of demand variability and robustness in strategic transportation planning." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61003.

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Thesis (M. Eng. in Logistics)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2010.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 121-122).
Creation of a long-term strategic transportation plan is critical for companies in order to make informed decisions about fleet capacity, number of drivers needed, fleet allocation to domiciles, etc. However, the inherent demand variability present on a transportation network, in terms of weekly occurrences of lane volume, results in emergency weekly shipments that deviate from the long-term plan. This leads to a sub-optimal weekly execution, resulting in higher overall costs, compared to initial projections. Hence, it is important to address this variability while creating a strategic plan, such that it is robust enough to handle these variations, and is easy to execute at the same time. The purpose of this thesis is to create a stochastic annual plan using linear programming techniques for addressing demand variability, and prove its robustness using simple heuristics, so that it is easy to execute at an operational level. Through the use of simulations, it is shown that the proposed planning methodology is within 6% of the optimal solution costs and handles 71% of the demand variability occurring on a weekly basis, making it easy for operational managers to execute. Thus, the proposed plan reduces the optimality gap between long-term planning and weekly operations, creating a tighter bound over the projected versus actual costs incurred, which helps develop a better transportation strategy.
by Ahmedali Lokhandwala.
S.M.in Transportation
M.Eng.in Logistics
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35

Tam, Ryan Aung Min 1973. "An analysis of the dynamics of the US commercial air transportation system." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/38889.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 59).
Major trends in the airline industry are analyzed to highlight key dynamics that govern the US domestic air transportation system. The hypothesis is that air travel supply and demand equilibriums, a reliance on outside capital, and intra-industry competition are among the most critical forces that are driving the current restructuring of the airline industry. Data on airline operational and financial performance is used to trace these dynamics as the industry evolved through periods of industry deregulation, an economic growth bubble, and the aftermath of the attacks of September 11, 2001. The thesis identifies the post-deregulation development of hub-and-spoke networks and yield management systems as the key forces that would set the stage for a bifurcation of the air travel market during a cycle of economic growth in the late 1990s. During this bubble economy, the dynamics of supply and demand fundamentally shifted as the major carriers focused on high-revenue, high-cost operations and travelers began to flock to newer low-fare, low-cost carriers. With the end of the economic growth cycle in 2000, the bifurcation of the airline industry began to affect revenues and profits at the major carriers. Massive and unprecedented industry losses would ensue, and would be compounded by the attacks of 9/11. Airline operational strategies in response to 9/11 and longer-term restructuring efforts are discussed in order to further identify the key dynamics affecting the air transportation system. These dynamics are synthesized and then discussed within the broader context of the air transportation system, the impact of air travel on the economy and mobility, and the role of government.
by Ryan Aung Min Tam.
S.M.in Transportation
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Song, Xiang Ph D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. "Scenarios discovery : robust transportation policy analysis in Singapore using microscopic traffic simulator." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82852.

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Thesis (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 99-101).
One of the main challenges of making strategic decisions in transportation is that we always face a set of possible future states due to deep uncertainty in traffic demand. This thesis focuses on exploring the application of model-based decision support techniques which characterize a set of future states that represent the vulnerabilities of the proposed policy. Vulnerabilities here are interpreted as states of the world where the proposed policy fails its performance goal or deviates significantly from the optimum policy due to deep uncertainty in the future. Based on existing literature and data mining techniques, a computational model-based approach known as scenario discovery is described and applied in an empirical problem. We investigated the application of this new approach in a case study based on a proposed transit policy implemented in Marina Bay district of Singapore. Our results showed that the scenario discovery approach performs well in finding the combinations of uncertain input variables that will result in policy failure.
by Xiang Song.
S.M.in Transportation
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Cortes, Margaret T. (Margaret Therese) 1974. "Benefits of emerging transportation technologies : simulation analysis and policy issues." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8038.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, Technology and Policy Program; and, (S.M. in Transportation)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2003.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 96-98).
This thesis explores the quantification of transportation technology benefits, through simultaneous consideration of technical and policy issues. Benefits are first defined and identified based on current literature and discussions. Key benefits include delay impacts, safety impacts and environmental concerns. A key element of such quantification and analysis is traffic simulation. MITSIMLab, a microscopic traffic simulator, has been recently enhanced to replicate transportation technologies and applications such as traffic signal priority and advanced vehicle location for transit. In addition, the existing capability for modeling incident detection and management is reviewed. These applications are tested on a traffic network on Stockholm, Sweden, about to undergo new construction and development. The implementations are demonstrated to be effective in a quantitative and qualitative manner, and successful in illustrating the benefits of signal priority for transit as well as the integration of different technologies in the simulation itself. Through the case study, this capability is contrasted with the ability of MITSIMLab to depict impacts of infrastructure changes. Benefits quantification is discussed through post-processing MITSIMLab output measures such as travel time statistics. Benefits evaluation is necessarily intertwined with policy development. The technical analysis of the Stockholm network is framed with an investigation of transportation policy issues in the US and Sweden. Fundamental policy issues of stakeholder cooperation, technical integration and regional integration are identified, then explored in the context of benefits evaluation.
by Margaret T. Cortes.
S.M.in Transportation
S.M.
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38

Langley, Tyler. "Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2010. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/409.

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Transportation Energy Analysis for Single-Family Residential Construction in California Tyler Langley Since the oil crisis of 1973, energy use in the United States of America has been a growing area of concern. Studies have shown that the construction industry is responsible for almost half of all annual energy consumption. With this awareness, the analysis of energy use within the related construction fields has become an emergent subject. One facet of construction energy use that has been less studied than others is that of the energy consumed in transporting building materials from manufacturing plants to construction sites. This thesis proposes a methodology for determining the energy consumed during the transportation of building materials to a construction site and applies this methodology to estimate the transportation component of the total energy consumed in the lifecycle of a residential building in California. Comparisons are then drawn among the embodied energy of the materials used in the construction of the building, the energy used to transport the materials and the products used in the on-site assembly of the building, and the energy consumed during the occupancy of the building. The first chapter covers the intent of the thesis, as well as a categorization and explanation of the main areas of energy usage in the construction industry. This is followed by a delineation of the methodology used to research transportation energy. Chapter 2 details the development of the framework that is discussed in Chapter 1. This includes the unique problem areas of calculating transportation energy, the resulting parameters that focus the area of study, and the general assumptions derived from those parameters. Chapter 3 is a case study of a single-family two-story house in northern California. First, the considerations and reasons for the choice are defined, establishing this as a representative residence for the area. The material choices and structural system choices are also discussed. Then, the framework introduced in Chapter 2 is applied in the case study. This introduces more case-specific problems in the types of calculations used for estimating transportation energy. Chapter 4 contains a summary of the findings as well as a reflection on the process followed by suggestions for future research and application for the subject of transportation energy usage. In this summary, it is shown that the energy used in transportation of materials to the site of the case study house amounts to 10.5 million Btu, which is roughly 2.5% of the embodied energy, and 21% of the occupational energy usage per year.
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39

Toro, Claudia Andrea. "Photoactive roadways| Laboratory, field and modeling insight on the impact of photocatalytic paving materials on urban tropospheric chemistry." Thesis, Washington State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10139527.

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Photoactive roadways have been suggested as a mitigation method to improve air quality in urban areas. However, difficulties translating laboratory results to real world conditions has complicated a wider adoption of this technology. This work presents a methodology to determine first-order loss coefficients of ozone precursors on photoactive asphalt and concrete using a continuously-stirred tank reactor under different conditions of humidity and UV illumination. The experimental loss coefficients were used to determine uptake coefficients that can be incorporated in air quality models to represent photoactive surfaces.

The laboratory findings indicate that paving materials respond differently to variations in humidity, with concrete efficiency more influenced by the increase in water vapor. The uptake of NO on asphalt was found to have a power dependence with UV irradiance. The uptake of NO2 was smaller than that of NO, suggesting that any impact on air quality would occur mainly through removal of NO. The uptake of VOC was found to decrease exponentially with the increase in the vapor pressure of the organic compound indicating a competitive adsorption mechanism driving the photocatalytic removal of mixtures. Molar yields of HONO, NO2 and aldehydes were detected during the removal of pollutants in asphalt, while only NO2 was detected from concrete, indicating potential disadvantages of TiO2 treated surfaces.

The use of the CO/NOx molar ratio was explored to monitor changes in NOx levels in experiments performed in an outdoor chamber. CO removal was not observed during the time scale at which NOx removal occurs, suggesting that CO could be used as tracer in field studies to follow changes in vehicle emissions caused by photoactive roads.

The uptake coefficients for NO determined in this work were incorporated in a one-dimensional model to understand the overall impact of photoactive surfaces on atmospheric chemistry. Preliminary results indicate that a moderate reduction of up to 20% in NO could be achieved for a scenario simulating Houston conditions. No significant effect on ozone was observed as result of adding HONO yields. However, further investigation needs to address aldehyde and NO2 yields to determine if these byproducts offset the benefits of this strategy.

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40

To, Man-ping Mandy. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk:8888/cgi-bin/hkuto%5Ftoc%5Fpdf?B23425131.

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41

Njuguna, Esther Nyokabi. "A longitudinal analysis of passenger travel disruptions in the National Air Transportation System." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90073.

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Thesis: S.M. in Transportation, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 134-135).
Recent research on the U.S. National Air Transportation System has shown that approximately 50% of delays suffered by passengers are a result of passenger travel disruptions in the form of either flight cancellations or missed connections. There exists significant variation in the propensity for disruptions across airports and carriers, based on key factors such as scheduling practices, network structures, and passenger connections. In this thesis, we conduct a longitudinal analysis of passenger travel disruptions in the U.S. over the 2006 - 2010 calendar years and analyze the trends in, and impacts of, various scheduling and operational factors across the years. We illustrate the interdependencies of carrier-related factors and airport-related factors, and the resulting impact on passenger travel disruptions. In our analysis, we use passenger travel data spanning five years. This passenger travel data is estimated from publicly available data sources using a methodology previously developed to disaggregate passenger demand data. We find that across the years, flight cancellations, which are the leading cause for passenger disruptions, vary substantially across carriers even when baseline variability across airports is accounted for. Both passenger and operational considerations play a very significant role in cancellation decisions. We explore the effect of load factors and flight frequency on cancellation rates across the carriers and determine that the level of impact of these two factors varies across carrier types, with the cancellation decisions among the regional carriers being influenced more by load factor considerations than by flight frequency. Much of the variability in missed connections at the airport and carrier level can be explained by the flight delays observed. However, an airline's scheduling practices are also a critical factor that affects the rate of misconnections. Highly banked (peaked) flight schedules reduce passenger connection times and result in higher misconnection rates. We find that significant trends and events in the aviation industry, including the Valentine's Day Storm of February 14, 2007, the demise of Aloha Airlines in 2008, the trend towards capacity discipline among legacy carriers after 2008, and Delta and Northwest Airlines' merger in 2010 have had a significant impact on both cancellations and misconnections.
by Esther Nyokabi Njuguna.
S.M. in Transportation
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42

Carrera, Elizabeth. "An analysis of the South Florida commuter assistance program's implementation of transportation demand management initiatives." FIU Digital Commons, 2001. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2055.

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The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of implementing Transportation Demand Management (TDM) initiatives with the business community by the South Florida Commuter Assistance Program (CAP). To determine this effectiveness, the south Florida CAP was compared with the two other CAPs operating in the state, by analyzing independent evaluations of the program, and by conducting eight individual company case studies. Independent evaluations of the south Florida CAP for the years 1997 - 2000 were analyzed and found to have increasing trends in the number of companies adopting TDM initiatives. In addition, each case was selected from the numerous companies participating with the south Florida CAP. It was determined that companies with support from upper management adopted TDM initiatives more readily. The findings demonstrated that the south Florida CAPs initiatives have been successful in working with the business community to adopt TDM initiatives. In its conclusions, the study offers further suggestions on what actions should be taken in the future to implement TDM initiatives.
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Navarro, Cuenca Anna. "Toxicogenomic analysis of environmental impact in aquatic systems." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125066.

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Field biomonitoring based on molecular biomarkers detects early warning signals of stress suffered by organisms exposed to contamination. The lower part of the Ebro River basin has a long pollution history related to the presence of a chlor-alkali plant adjacent to Flix. In addition, the Ebro River has been affected by the invasion of alien species that damage its natural ecosystem. In this thesis, Cyprinus carpio (common carp) an Dreissena polymorpha (zebra mussel) were used as a model species in laboratory and field studies intended to the development of a multimolecular biomarker approach to identify the most relevantly effects of pollutants in the field. Gene expression techniques were used to study specific physiological defensive mechanism. The application and improvement of a well-established markers in different aquatic species and following different approaches allowed to analyze modes of action and to outline effects of persistent organic and inorganic pollutants found in the field. The results showed that chronic exposure to mercury of common carp results in increased levels of metallothionein in kidney, in scales (albeit at lower extent), but not in liver, considered as the primary detoxification organ. The measure of gene expression in scales provides the possibility of a new non-lethal method of study. Studies of toxicant effects in zebra mussel revealed that this bivalve could be used as potential sentinel specie for freshwater monitoring. Analysis of its detoxicfication mechanisms, and particularly of its ABC membrane transporters in adult and the early life stages could help understanding the survival of this species in highly contaminated areas.
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Ahammed, A. K. M. Rafique. "Development of environmental impact assessment in Bangladesh." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09enva285.pdf.

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45

Iroz-Elardo, Nicole. "Participation, Information, Values, and Community Interests Within Health Impact Assessments." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1846.

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Health impact assessment (HIA) has emerged in the U.S. as one promising process to increase social and environmental justice through addressing health equity issues within planning. HIA practice is guided by values such as democracy and equity and grounded in broad social determinants of health. The most readily applied definition of democracy is problematic because it implies an element of direct, participatory engagement with the public. This is at odds with HIA practice that largely relies on stakeholder engagement strategies. This dissertation critically examines the engagement strategies of three transportation planning HIA cases to more fully understand how the HIA process may or may not promote democratic values and protect community health interests. It employs a multi-case study design that uses qualitative content analysis to trace community health interests through the HIA process, HIA document, and target plan. It finds that while the field is overstating the participatory nature of HIA, commitments to health equity and broad determinants of health protect community health interests with and without robust engagement of community stakeholders.
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46

To, Man-ping Mandy, and 杜曼萍. "Environmental impact assessment in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255115.

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47

Lung, Hon-kei William. "Use of 3-D visualisation tools in the EIA process : is it effective in enhancing public involvement? /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2005. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35085472.

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48

Howard, Brian. "Park and Ride Feasibility Analysis for the Evansville, Indiana, Metropolitan Area." TopSCHOLAR®, 2001. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/666.

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Congested roadways and declining air quality standards are major concerns for many communities faced with the challenges of suburban growth and city decay. How each community chooses to fight the problems created by urban sprawl depends greatly on individualized characteristics of the community. Analyzing and understanding unique values of each community provides a sound foundation for measures designed to promote sustainable growth initiatives. The Evansville, Indiana, region is experiencing many of the growing pains associated with increased residential, commercial, and industrial development. Many roadways are currently strained near capacity, and traffic problems are anticipated to increase over the next 20 years. Evansville was ranked 68 out of the 271 worst sprawling MPOs, and Vanderburgh County will be designated as "non-attainment" with the next EPA air quality ruling. This research demonstrates that the Evansville region has problems with urban sprawl, air quality, and roadway congestion. Local air quality data, roadway congestion, employer and employee surveys, and commute patterns are all analyzed to determine the existing characteristics of the community. As a means to mitigate current and future concerns, Travel Demand Management (TDM) strategies such as park and ride facilities should be utilized. Implementing shared used park and ride facilities will provide an effective and relatively inexpensive method of congestion reduction by providing motorists with a different commute option.
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49

Lam, King-kong. "Environmental impact assessment : impact on land-use & infrastructure design /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25799794.

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50

Ezran, Ayelet. "A technical analysis framework for prioritizing investments in transportation control measures in the Boston region." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/40999.

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