Dissertations / Theses: 'Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)'

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Kwan, Ping-chung Benny. "Comprehensive rewiew of Hong Kong's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system /." [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14803240.

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Zubir, Zainab. "Environmental monetary valuation in environmental impact assessment (EIA) : a Malaysian perspective." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU222187.

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This thesis examines environmental impact assessment (EIA) practices and limitations in Malaysia, and assesses the potential for integrating environmental monetary valuation to the EIA process. This thesis has four research objectives: 1) to analyse the application of EIA in Malaysia and to identify the current practices particularly with respect to valuing environmental impacts; 2) to identify appropriate environmental monetary valuation techniques that could be used in EIA; 3) to apply an appropriate environmental monetary valuation technique to Malaysian EIA through a case study; and 4) to provide an initial evaluation of the proposed technique by EIA practitioners. The content analysis of 165 EIA reports indicates a lack of environmental monetary valuation in EIA in Malaysia, and that project costs were poorly presented. In addition, the semi-structured interviews indicate that the quality of EIA in Malaysia depends on the quality and experiences of the EIA consultants. The case study using CV MS technique in EIA indicated that CV MS is an appropriate technique in the Malaysian context. It is concluded that the CV MS technique can facilitate wider public participation in EIA for a balanced and societal decision for economic development and environmental protection. As a result, CV MS can bring together scientific, social, and economic input within EIA reporting. This thesis concludes with recommendation for integrating the CV MS technique to the EIA process in Malaysia, and makes suggestions regarding how the limitations of CV MS in EIA might be overcome to ensure a balance between development needs and Malaysian environmental objectives within the context of the Malaysian people.

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Morrison, Rachel. "Biodiversity offsetting and environmental impact assessment : a critical analysis of the use of environmental impact assessment as a vehicle for the operationalisation of biodiversity offsetting." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/biodiversity-offsetting-and-environmental-impact-assessment-a-critical-analysis-of-the-use-of-environmental-impact-assessment-as-a-vehicle-for-the-operationalisation-of-biodiversity-offsetting(f0104f48-14a3-4c2c-984e-4e98e2636eda).html.

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Biodiversity offsetting mechanisms are increasingly applied worldwide as a new solution to the current biodiversity crisis. The offsetting approach is idealised as a means to achieve no net loss of biodiversity. Offsetting mechanisms aim to quantify residual biodiversity losses and enable developers to account for residual impacts off-site. Despite rising global application, the effectiveness of offsetting is by no means assured. The question of whether and how offsetting can be operationalised to achieve no net loss has become a key focal point in debates surrounding their effectiveness. Environmental Impact Assessment, or EIA, has been portrayed as an obvious 'vehicle' for integrating offsetting into existing corporate management systems and planning systems, and therefore a key factor over how offsetting mechanisms operate. This research critically investigated the nature of integration and interactions between EIA and offsetting using a three phase qualitative research design, which brought together analysis of emerging policy, expert interviews and in-depth case studies.

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Tam, Tze-hoi Tom. "An assessment of the effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) system in Hong Kong /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2007. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B36762672.

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Kwan, Ping-chung Benny, and 關炳松. "Comprehensive rewiew of Hong Kong's environmental impact assessment (EIA) system." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3125889X.

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Pienaar, Melanie. "The merit of environmental impact assessment for civil engineers in South Africa." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9817.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been successfully adopted in South Africa in line with international trends. A number of international scholars found that EIA offers distinct advantages to a proposed project (Bartik, 1988; Porter & van der Linde, 1995; Annandale & Taplin, 2003). The widespread successful adoption of EIA could be an indication that the benefits of conducting EIAs outweigh the potential economic loss due to delays and costs related to the EIA. However, there are negative perceptions about EIA and its influence on development. But the question is whether South African engineers are experiencing these benefits at project level? South African civil engineers are faced with the legislative requirements of EIAs on a daily basis. Through a survey of professionally registered civil engineers this research examined the merits that EIA has for civil engineers. It was found that EIA helps engineers to ensure that they have all the legal aspects of the development in place before the development starts. Furthermore EIA creates the opportunity for the engineers to design out the most significant adverse environmental impacts. It was found that since the implementation of EIA engineers are observing a shift towards more environmentally sound design alternatives. Therefore, if the EIA process is influencing engineers to review their designs from an environmental point of view, it could significantly minimise environmental impacts. According to engineers it was found that, EIA is assisting them in taking all the potential impacts of a new development into account during the design process. The engineering design normally determines the true environmental impact of a development. According to the respondents, the majority were aware of projects where the design was changed as a result of potential impacts highlighted by the EIA. It was found that for the majority of the respondents the environmental review of the design was a key component of the design process. According to the engineers that took part in the survey, they were aware of projects where the EIA improved the sustainability of the design by effecting a change to the design or to the construction materials. Since the implementation of EIA they have become more aware of, not only the life cycle, but also the sustainability of the development. EIA is therefore creating awareness about sustainability in the engineering fraternity. The engineers experienced EIA as a useful tool for improving the sustainability of the design. However, it was found that EIA also caused a significant delay in the majority of the projects where the respondents were involved. The delays were sometimes so severe that it jeopardised the economic feasibility of the projects in question. According to the respondents, the delays are mainly due to slow decision making by the competent authority. Due to this slow decision making process, the engineers blame the competent authority if they start with the construction of the project before authorisation. However, in spite of these delays, the engineers are still of the opinion that EIA is doing more good to the environment than harm to the economy. It was found that what the majority of the engineers knew about the EIA process was what they had learned from their own experience. They agreed that there was very little focus on environmental sustainability during their undergraduate studies and that EIA training during their undergraduate study would have been useful. But in spite of this, the majority of respondents did not complete any environmental short courses or post graduate studies. It was found that EIA does in fact have a positive influence on the work of civil engineers and that they experience these benefits at project level. The engineers have a positive attitude towards EIA and it is increasingly influencing their work positively.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.

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Lien, Jung-Hsun, and N/A. "Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment into Transport Planning." Griffith University. Griffith School of Environment, 2007. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20070813.155624.

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Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has become recognised as an improvement on the existing, limited system of project-based EIA. It aims to integrate environmental considerations into government policies, plans and programmes, and provides a basis for arriving at better-informed decisions at broader strategic levels. However, the compatibility of this new environmental planning tool with other planning systems such as transport, holds the key to successful integration of environmental concerns into existing planning approaches. This study investigates whether SEA can influence and integrate with transport planning and policy development processes through a survey of attitudes and opinions of planners on transport SEA in Taiwan. Transport planning has been criticised for considering too few alternatives, and for basing evaluations solely on technical and economic grounds. The emerging SEA seems theoretically feasible and potentially beneficial in allowing the integration of environmental concerns into strategic transport planning. Though many countries or regions have transport SEA provisions, practical transport SEA applications remain limited, mostly in Western developed countries with high environmental awareness. SEA applications are also limited in their strategies, focusing mainly on infrastructure-related projects. Moreover, most current transport SEA practices lack strategic focus and thus fail to fulfill SEA principles. This suggests that many planners are unfamiliar with the nature and techniques of SEA, and the conceptual impediments are still critical, which may result in significant barriers to transport SEA application. The EIA Act promulgated in 1994, together with its relevant provisions, have provided an applicable mechanism and a legal basis for SEA application in Taiwan, however, no transport SEA cases have been conducted. Many technical and non-technical barriers have been identified by the interviewees, indicating that most of the planners in Taiwan believe that transport SEA is conceptually and practically immature, and planners are not yet ready for it. The conceptual barriers seem more critical at this stage because practical barriers can only be identified and overcome when planners and decision-makers have a clear and proper concept of SEA. This narrowly-viewed application has limited the benefits of SEA, and has resulted in a rigid and incorrect idea that SEA was a passive impact-reducing mechanism; this may mislead the attitudes of planners to transport SEA. In fact, the emerging SEA is a re-engineered planning system framework that serves to remind planners that they are able to improve their efforts. It is a paradigm revolution, as the way in which planners think can make a vast difference. Thus, the potential for the emerging SEA concept to influence and integrate with transport planning and transport policy development processes depends not only on practical feasibility but also on a fundamental conceptual recognition of transport SEA. SEA could influence and integrate with transport planning and transport policy development processes if planners and decision-makers changed their ways of thinking. This study also found that a tiered and integrated transport SEA, embedded in the main transport planning process at different strategic levels, has great potential to embody the environmental and sustainable concerns in transport planning and decision-making. This finding is based on several contentions supported by the recent SEA studies showing that it should not be detached from the main planning process. SEA needs to be flexible in order to meet various policies, plans and programmes (PPP) demands, and it must be value-driven, not impact-oriented. A tiered, integrated transport SEA provides ways to overcome identified transport SEA application impediments. This two-in-one planning system is a simple solution which allows transport SEA to be conducted without involving complex legal processes. It improves institutional coordination and integrates not only with planning processes but also with values and resources.

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Lien, Jung-Hsun. "Integrating Strategic Environmental Assessment into Transport Planning." Thesis, Griffith University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367636.

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Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) has become recognised as an improvement on the existing, limited system of project-based EIA. It aims to integrate environmental considerations into government policies, plans and programmes, and provides a basis for arriving at better-informed decisions at broader strategic levels. However, the compatibility of this new environmental planning tool with other planning systems such as transport, holds the key to successful integration of environmental concerns into existing planning approaches. This study investigates whether SEA can influence and integrate with transport planning and policy development processes through a survey of attitudes and opinions of planners on transport SEA in Taiwan. Transport planning has been criticised for considering too few alternatives, and for basing evaluations solely on technical and economic grounds. The emerging SEA seems theoretically feasible and potentially beneficial in allowing the integration of environmental concerns into strategic transport planning. Though many countries or regions have transport SEA provisions, practical transport SEA applications remain limited, mostly in Western developed countries with high environmental awareness. SEA applications are also limited in their strategies, focusing mainly on infrastructure-related projects. Moreover, most current transport SEA practices lack strategic focus and thus fail to fulfill SEA principles. This suggests that many planners are unfamiliar with the nature and techniques of SEA, and the conceptual impediments are still critical, which may result in significant barriers to transport SEA application. The EIA Act promulgated in 1994, together with its relevant provisions, have provided an applicable mechanism and a legal basis for SEA application in Taiwan, however, no transport SEA cases have been conducted. Many technical and non-technical barriers have been identified by the interviewees, indicating that most of the planners in Taiwan believe that transport SEA is conceptually and practically immature, and planners are not yet ready for it. The conceptual barriers seem more critical at this stage because practical barriers can only be identified and overcome when planners and decision-makers have a clear and proper concept of SEA. This narrowly-viewed application has limited the benefits of SEA, and has resulted in a rigid and incorrect idea that SEA was a passive impact-reducing mechanism; this may mislead the attitudes of planners to transport SEA. In fact, the emerging SEA is a re-engineered planning system framework that serves to remind planners that they are able to improve their efforts. It is a paradigm revolution, as the way in which planners think can make a vast difference. Thus, the potential for the emerging SEA concept to influence and integrate with transport planning and transport policy development processes depends not only on practical feasibility but also on a fundamental conceptual recognition of transport SEA. SEA could influence and integrate with transport planning and transport policy development processes if planners and decision-makers changed their ways of thinking. This study also found that a tiered and integrated transport SEA, embedded in the main transport planning process at different strategic levels, has great potential to embody the environmental and sustainable concerns in transport planning and decision-making. This finding is based on several contentions supported by the recent SEA studies showing that it should not be detached from the main planning process. SEA needs to be flexible in order to meet various policies, plans and programmes (PPP) demands, and it must be value-driven, not impact-oriented. A tiered, integrated transport SEA provides ways to overcome identified transport SEA application impediments. This two-in-one planning system is a simple solution which allows transport SEA to be conducted without involving complex legal processes. It improves institutional coordination and integrates not only with planning processes but also with values and resources.
Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Faculty of Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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9

Jones, Megan Ann. "Exploring the role of stakeholder expectations in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) processes." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2021. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/2397.

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The direction environmental impact assessment (EIA) takes in the future will largely depend on those engaged in the process. However different stakeholders will have diverse expectations of EIA, which can lead to conflict throughout EIA processes. This thesis is focused on the exploration of the role of stakeholder expectations in EIA processes with the purpose to make an original contribution to knowledge on how the EIA process works in practice. This thesis argues that if stakeholder expectations are not well understood, then conflicts that arise as a result of the pluralist nature of EIA cannot begin to be resolved. There may be more to expectations than has previously been considered and understanding stakeholder expectations has the potential to assist in determining the best way forward for future EIA theory and practice. This thesis is theoretically underpinned by the constructivist research paradigm, building on existing literature as a way to provide new ways of examining the role, purpose and outcomes of EIA as it relates to stakeholder expectations. An investigation of the literature identified that the nature of expectations is personalised as they are based on a belief that something should happen in a particular way, or that someone or something should have particular qualities or behaviour. When placed in the context of EIA, an expectation is a belief that EIA should happen in a particular way, or have particular qualities. The comparable area of research known as the effectiveness literature was examined to identify the particular ways or particular qualities that an EIA process should have in order to be effective. It became clear from explorations of the EIA literature that empirical research on the topic of stakeholder expectations has been limited to date, therefore an overarching conceptual framework for exploring stakeholder expectations was developed to explore stakeholder expectations of EIA via four stakeholder expectations categories: Procedural, Substantive, Transactive and Legitimacy. The range of expectations of EIA was best conceptualised as occurring along a spectrum, where one end of the spectrum reflects how EIA works (Reality) while the other reflects what EIA seeks to achieve (Ideal). The overall aim of the research was to explore the role of stakeholder expectations in EIA processes guided by the two research questions: 1. What are stakeholder expectations of EIA? 2. How do differing stakeholder expectations affect how EIA is undertaken? Drawing on an inductive methodological approach, the phased data collection analysed stakeholder expectations at the three levels of EIA: Meta level (EIA as a concept) via a World Café workshop with members of the international EIA community, Macro level (EIA at a jurisdiction level – focusing on the Western Australian System) via document analysis and surveywith members of the WA EIA community and Mirco level (individual project level – Roe Highway Stage 8 Extension) via semi-structured interviews with individuals involved in the chosen case study. The results demonstrate the application of the stakeholder expectations framework as a useful tool in which to identify differing stakeholder expectations of EIA. This thesis presents the first study to examine and understand expectations in the context of EIA. This thesis makes an original contribution to the field of EIA including a conceptual framework for exploring stakeholder expectations along with its subsequent application to EIA practice at different scales of application. By understanding stakeholder expectations an important contribution can be made to the continued success of EIA by capturing the diverse views of different stakeholder groups to gauge where improvements require consideration to ensure that they receive real public and political endorsement

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Welman, Coert Nicolaas Jacobus. "Screening of EIA in the Free State Province : a comparative analysis between the 1997 and 2006 EIA Regulations / C.N.J. Welman." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/5075.

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Santos, James Pimentel. "The utilization of EIA techniques in food and cash crop systems of Brazil." Thesis, University of Salford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.315376.

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Filho, José Francisco do Prado. "O processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) de projetos e empreendimentos minerais como um instrumento de gestão ambiental: estudo de casos no Quadrilátero Ferrífero (MG)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18139/tde-05112015-145339/.

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No Brasil, a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA), devido a exigência legal e por estar vinculada ao sistema de licenciamento ambiental, é o instrumento/procedimento de gestão ambiental mais conhecido. Porém somente após a publicação da Resolução CONAMA 001/86 é que a AIA, por meio da elaboração do EIA/RIMA e sua análise e discussão, passou efetivamente a ser implementada. Apesar de existirem exemplos de aplicação bem sucedida do processo, verifica-se que os resultados esperados não têm sido satisfatórios para o que se pretende com ele. Falhas tanto na elaboração dos EIAs como na condução das demais fases da AIA têm sido verificadas. Empresários vêem o processo de AIA, principalmente a elaboração do EIA/RIMA, como empecilho legal e burocrático. Enfim, têm-se verificado deficiências na condução, na eficácia da AIA e naquilo que se pretende com esse instrumento de política pública, que é a busca da sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento. Alguns o enxergam, inclusive, como um processo falido. Diante desse quadro, o presente trabalho buscou, principalmente com base em documentos disponíveis no órgão ambiental estadual e em informações obtidas junto às empresas, avaliar a eficácia da AIA como instrumento de gerenciamento ambiental junto de empreendimentos minerais localizados no Quadrilátero Ferrífero de Minas Gerais. Os resultados permitem observar, apesar das deficiências verificadas no seu desenvolvimento, que a AIA em função da gestão ambiental foi mais eficaz em alguns casos que em outros, porém em nenhum deles teve desempenho nulo. As principais falhas verificadas estão na análise dos impactos ambientais do projeto, na fragilidade dos levantamentos de dados de base relacionados ao plano de monitoramento e na condução dos planos de monitoramento. Para os empreendedores, a AIA pouco se relaciona com a pretensa certificação ambiental do empreendimento e unanimemente todos consideram, principalmente, a elaboração da AIA como apenas uma exigência para o licenciamento ambiental do empreendimento.
In Brazil, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a legal requirement and has being linked to the environmental licensing system. In addition, the EIA has been the most well known tool of environmental management. However, just after the approval of CONAMA Resolution 001/86, the EIA has been implemented through the elaboration of the EIA/RIMA report, its analysis and discussion. Although there are examples of wellsucceed process application, most of the results have been unsatisfactory. This is a consequence of errors both in the EIA\'s design and application.Many entrepreneurs have considered the EIA process, mainly the EIA/RIMA report, as a legal and bureaucratic constraint. Some see it as a tool with a failed process. In fact, a series of deficiencies have compromised the EIA efficiency, the results are expected from its application, and the search for environmental sustainability. Considering the situation described above, the present studies have the objective of evaluating the EIA efficiency as an environmental managing tool in mining companies of the Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. Most of the basic information was obtained from the governmental environmental agency and the mining companies referred to above. The results of this work have allowed to conclude that the EIA, due to different environmental managing effort, has been more efficient in some cases than in others. Nonetheless, no null result was detected. Main deficiencies of the process reside in the analysis of the project environmental impacts, in the fragility of the field data, on the conduction of the monitoring plan, and the way those data are archived. According to the entrepreneurs, the EIA is poorly related to the environmental certification of the project, all of them consider the EIA application just a legal requirement for the project licensing.

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Tam, Tze-hoi Tom, and 譚子愷. "An assessment of the effectiveness of the environmental impact assessment (EIA) system in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45015661.

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Luk, Kwok-on Anthony. "The incorporation, role and legal-requirements of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the Hong Kong planning system /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1994. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B1403654X.

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Boléo, Sara Maria Tranquada. "Environmental impact assessment of energy crops cultivation in the Mediterranean Europe." Master's thesis, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/7434.

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Dissertação apresentada na Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia da Universidade Nova de Lisboa Para a obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Energia e Bioenergia
Energy crops offer ecological advantages over fossil fuels by contributing to the reduction of greenhouse gases and acidifying emissions. However, there could be ecological shortcomings related to the intensity of agricultural production. There is a risk of polluting water and air, losing soil quality, enhancing erosion and reducing biodiversity. In the scope of the project Future Crops for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel (4F Crops), supported by the European Union, an environmental impact assessment study was developed and applied to the cultivation of potential energy crops in the Mediterranean Europe. The categories selected were: use of water and mineral resources, soil quality and erosion, emission of minerals and pesticides to soil and water, waste generation and utilization, landscape and biodiversity. Results suggest that annual cropping systems have a more negative impact on the environment than lignocellulosic and woody species, namely regarding erodibility and biodiversity. Annual systems and woody crops are also more damaging to soil quality than herbaceous perennials. However, differences among crop types are not as evident in the remaining indicators. Impact reduction strategies are limited to crop management options, but, site specific factors should be accurately assessed to evaluate the adequacy between crop and location.
This work was supported by the European Union (Project 4F Crops – Future Crops for Food, Feed, Fiber and Fuel, Grant Agreement No: 212811, Coordination and Support Actions, FP7-KBBE-2007-1)

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Hansbarger, Jeff Lee. "Mountaintop removal mining an environmental impact assessment (EIA) scoping exercise and impact assessment of mining activities on aquatic resources /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1275.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 75 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).

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Wong, Kwok-Ngon. "The effectiveness of environmental impact assessment(EIA) as a regulatory legal framework in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628624.

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Gontier, Mikael. "Spatial prediction tools for biodiversity in environmental assessment." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Land and Water Resource Engineering (Mark- och vattenteknik), Kungliga Tekniskan högskolan, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4775.

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Jordaan, Ilse. "Environmental impact assessment follow–up in South Africa : critical analysis of predictions and compliance for the Mooi River Mall case study / Ilse Jordaan." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4635.

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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is recognised worldwide as a tool for identifying the potential adverse effects of a proposed development on the environment. Very little attention has been given to determining the actual environmental effects resulting from a development. The need for EIA follow–up (i.e. monitoring, auditing, evaluation, management and communication) was identified and would form the building blocks within the EIA process. Follow–up provides information about the consequences of an activity and presents opportunities to implement adequate mitigation measures. EIA follow–up is not developed to its full potential even though the need for it is acknowledged and supported in legislation, scientific journals and scientific books. EIA follow–up necessitates feedback in the EIA process to ensure lessons learnt and outcomes from past experiences can be applied in future actions. Follow–up is only a legal requirement if conditions are specified in the environmental authorisation (EA). Of particular concern to follow–up is the accuracy of prediction and secondly, the level of compliance to conditions set out in the authorization and management plans. This study will focus primarily on critically analysing predictions and compliance from the construction phase of a high profile mega shopping mall project, namely the Mooi River Mall (MRM), with an analysis to gauge the actual effect and contribution of the EIA process to decision making and implementation practices. Multiple data sources were used to determine the accuracy of predictions and legal compliance level of the Mooi River Mall. The Mooi River Mall's accuracy of predictions (66%) and legal compliance (83%) suggest that some of the impacts were unavoidable; that mitigation measures were either not implemented or identified or that EIA follow–up served its purpose in the form of implementing effective auditing programmes to monitor legal compliance.
Thesis (M.Sc (Environmental Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Snow, Andrew. "Assessing communities of unreceptive receptors : an investigation into environmental impact assessment's formation of environmental subjects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/assessing-communities-of-unreceptive-receptors-an-investigation-into-environmental-impact-assessments-formation-of-environmental-subjects(ec97402b-72cc-45d9-94fe-e4f46129ac12).html.

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EIA's contribution to increased environmental awareness is a posited means by which EIA's contribution to a substantive level of environmental protection can be measured. However, little research has been done to evaluate and properly contextualise this increased environmental awareness in members of the public who participate in EIA and its associated processes of public participation. Utilising a Foucauldian understanding of power and governmentality, this research has shown how this process of becoming environmentally aware takes place within a broader application of governmental power and it is within this context which the success (or otherwise) of steering towards a greater environmental awareness must be evaluated. The biopolitical intentions EIA has for managing environmental life in general draws strict boundaries of expertise and authority in governing the environment, and as products of this formation of governmental power the public become subjects of expert direction. In opposition to this, the public produced a rural environment and local community as defined and governed by forms of experiential knowledge, which although pertaining to a truth-oriented mentality of rule, exerted a similar biopolitical control over the environment and immutable form of authority and expertise within it. It is contended that for EIA to penetrate bounded environments and disrupt their totalising environmentalities, the tool must extend the meaning of uncertainty to explicitly recognise the conflict that exists between actors and their respective environments. In this way, EIA can contribute to a form of self-reflexive and -critical environmental citizenship deemed necessary for a thorough investigation into the political dimensions of the environment and its associated substantive measures of enhancement and protection. Employing a realist governmentality approach to the case-study of the 2016 public inquiry in shale energy proposals in Lancashire, this research generated discourse analyses of key policy documents and public contributions to the inquiry in addition to a 'lived experience' of the inquiry as a participatory space through participant observation. The key findings were that at the policy level, the participating member of the public is produced as both a trustee and an expert, heightening the potential for conflict. Further to this, the experiences of the public inquiry added to this potential by seeking to impose on the participant an individualised, silent identity which was directly contradicted by the public during 'non-technical' sessions who sought to participate actively and collectively. Within their contributions the public produced further internal conflicts, with aspects of this discourse relying on existing institutionalised forms of knowledge and expertise to respond to environmental problems, while in others asserting that localised and personal experiences were necessary. EIA as a technique of government can have a leading role in defining the environment in both a physical, surrounding sense and as a mentality. To do so and challenge essentialised and concrete ideas regarding the environment avoiding the acts of exclusion that underpin them becoming normalised the thesis builds on the analysis to make a proposition for a more effective agonistic EIA process.

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Sandoval, Maitê de Souza [UNESP]. "Proposta de padronização em avaliação de impactos ambientais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92754.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas.
The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.

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Munno, Carolina Milanetto. "Análise do monitoramento pós estudo de impacto ambiental no Estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2005. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4404.

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This work intented to realize a study about the situation of process of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in São Paulo State, with emphasis in the monitoring pos-EIS (Environmental Impact Statment) phase, that it is essencial for the efficiency and efficacy of EIA. The purpose was to evaluate the frequency that the monitoring is realized, which are the methods used, what the efficiency, the negative points and the difficults to execution of this system. For that, it was realized a bibliography revision about national and internacional practices of EIA, with research at libraries of Secretaria de Meio Ambiente do Estado de São Paulo (SMA), Companhia Estadual de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), Departamento de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (DAIA) and USP, and researches on data base. It were made interviews with technicals directors of DAIA/SMA and was also elaborated a questioner, that approach some points of EIA practices in São Paulo State. This questioner was sent to professionals of area. The results evidenced that despite of monitoring pos-EIS is very impotant in the context of EIA, it is not executed in the most of the cases. Many failures are pointed out in the process, which results in the non aplication of monitoring pos-EIS. The lack of engagement with the environmental quality and the sustainability, the lack of structure in the environmental agencies, the bureaucratic and consequent slowness of the process, the little participation of community, the difficulty in getting material about the topic, and others are some of factors mentioned. If the procedure were not improved, for assure the accomplishment of terms and commitments defined, as well as the learning with mistakes and the rights of each case, a powerfull instrument of Environmental Policy would be discredited and turn on in one of numerous bureaucratic obstacles that difficult the access on natural resourses of the country, but are not efficient to assure that the improvement happens in benefit of society.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo realizar um estudo da situação do processo de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) no estado de São Paulo, enfatizando a fase de monitoramento pós-Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), que é essencial para a eficiência e eficácia da AIA. Pretendeu-se avaliar com que freqüência o monitoramento é realizado, quais os métodos utilizados para sua realização, qual sua eficiência, seus pontos falhos e quais as dificuldades de operacionalização deste sistema. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica sobre práticas nacionais e internacionais de AIA, com consultas às bibliotecas da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente (SMA), Companhia Estadual de Tecnologia de Saneamento Ambiental (CETESB), Departamento de Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (DAIA) e da USP e pesquisas em banco de dados. Foram feitas entrevistas com diretores técnicos do DAIA/SMA e também foi elaborado um questionário, que aborda alguns pontos de práticas de AIA no Estado de São Paulo. Este questionário foi enviado para profissionais da área. Como resultado, foi constatado que, apesar de muito importante no contexto da AIA, o monitoramento pós-EIA não é praticado na maioria dos casos. Muitas são as falhas apontadas no processo, que acabam culminando na não aplicação do monitoramento pós-EIA. A falta de comprometimento com a qualidade ambiental e a sustentabilidade, a falta de estrutura dos órgãos ambientais, a burocratização e conseqüente lentidão do processo, a baixa participação da sociedade, a dificuldade em se conseguir material sobre o assunto, entre outros, são alguns dos fatores mencionados. Se os procedimentos não forem aperfeiçoados, de modo a garantir o cumprimento dos termos e compromissos definidos, bem como o aprendizado com os erros e acertos de cada caso, um poderoso instrumento de política ambiental poderá ficar desacreditado e converter-se em apenas mais um dos já numerosos entraves burocráticos que dificultam o acesso aos recursos naturais do país, mas não são eficazes para assegurar que seu aproveitamento se dê em benefício da sociedade.

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Oliveira, Valéria Regina Salla de. "Impactos cumulativos na avaliação de impactos ambientais: fundamentação, metodologia, legislação, análise de experiências e formas de abordagem." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2008. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4243.

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Current subjects as the global heating, reduction in n the ozone layer and the loss of the biodiversity, among other, are resulted of centuries of human actions considered without importance by its low prompt significance and whose impacts had not been evaluated. Although the evaluation of environmental impacts - EIA the to have been instituted more than thirty years, its practical one more common it is in the project level and it is not common to evaluation of these impacts, called of cumulative impacts - IC. The need of the consideration of these impacts made a process that considered them to appear - the Cumulative Impact Assessment - CIA. CIA has been studied, practiced and argued at several countries, however in Brazil, its practice is not common. Although the legislation approaches the consideration of cumulative impacts, they don't know each other approaches and methodologies adapted for such analysis, nor as to consider IC in the process of environmental licensing. With base in this gap, this work had as aim to do a conceptual theoretical survey on cumulative impacts and its analysis process, identifying in the literature the conceptual framework, tools, methodologies, application forms and case studies. After the critical analysis of the data, it was traced a conceptual, theoretical and technical profile and presented as result proposed and recommendations for subsidy to a possible systematization of the procedures; aimed the application difficulties and adaptation needs so that the practice of AIC in Brazil is implanted, as well as in several countries.
Questões atuais como o aquecimento global, redução na camada de ozônio e a perda da biodiversidade, entre outros, são resultado de séculos de ações humanas consideradas sem importância por sua baixa significância pontual e cujos impactos não foram avaliados. Apesar da avaliação de impactos ambientais AIA ter sido instituída a mais de trinta anos, sua prática mais comum é no nível de projeto e não é comum a avaliação destes impactos, chamados de impactos cumulativos IC. A necessidade da consideração destes impactos fez surgir um processo que os considerasse a Avaliação de Impactos Cumulativos AIC (Cumulative Impact Assessment CIA). A AIC tem sido estudada, praticada e discutida em vários países, contudo no Brasil, sua prática não é comum. Embora a legislação aborde a consideração de impactos cumulativos, não se conhecem critérios e metodologias apropriadas para tal análise, nem como considerar os IC no processo de licenciamento ambiental. Com base nesta lacuna, este trabalho teve como objetivo fazer um levantamento teórico conceitual sobre impactos cumulativos e seu processo de análise, identificando na literatura o embasamento conceitual, ferramentas, metodologias, formas de aplicação e estudos de caso. Após a análise crítica dos dados, foi traçado um perfil conceitual, teórico e técnico e apresentado como resultado propostas e recomendações para subsídio à uma possível sistematização dos procedimentos; apontadas as dificuldades de aplicação e necessidades de adequação para que a prática da AIC no Brasil seja implantada, assim como em diversos países.

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Králová, Tereza. "Posuzování vlivů na životní prostředí (EIA) v právu EU." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-135385.

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The main goal of this diploma thesis, called Environmental impact assessment (EIA) in european law, is to explain the procedure of environmental impact assessment. Emphasis of this diploma thesis is placed on legislation dealing with the environmental impact assessment and its development. The diploma thesis is divided into five chapters, further it contains the introduction, the conclusion, the list of abbreviation, the list of pictures, attachement and the list of literature. Chapter one defines the environmental impact assessment itself and distinguishes the project (EIA) and strategic (SEA) assessment. Chapter two describes the international law concerning the environmental impact assessment. The most important part of this diploma thesis is chapter three, which contains the analysis of european and czech legislation regarding to the environmental impact assessment. The czech legislation is then compared to legislation of other member states of the EU. Chapter four characterizes the procedure of environmental impact assessment within the Natura 2000. Chapter five analyses the case Temelín with respect to environmental impact assessment.

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Gomes, LaÃcia Gretha Amorim. "AnÃlise da Efetividade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA na Carcinicultura: o Caso do MunicÃpio de Aracati - CE." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9286.

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Deutscher Akademischer Austausch Dienst
Esta dissertaÃÃo se propÃe analisar a Efetividade dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA na Carcinicultura dentro da perspectiva do estudo de caso de um EIA elaborado para a expansÃo de um projeto carcinÃcola localizado as margens do rio Jaguaribe no MunicÃpio de Aracati. De acordo com Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), a AIA pode ser definida como: âestudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar assim como prevenir, as conseqÃÃncias ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas aÃÃes, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar Ã saÃde, ao bem estar humano e ao entornoâ. Ainda segundo o autor, esses estudos englobam alternativas a projetos passÃveis de licenciamento e ainda induzem o engajamento e a participaÃÃo da sociedade, representando nÃo um instrumento de decisÃo em si, mas um instrumento de conhecimento a serviÃo da populaÃÃo em geral. Dessa maneira, esta dissertaÃÃo discute, de modo qualitativo, a efetividade desse estudo como expediente sÃrio de ajuda na tomada de decisÃo e na gestÃo e monitoramento ambiental, assim como verificar se o mesmo, nos dias atuais, nÃo estÃ sendo utilizado apenas como um mero entrave burocrÃtico para o licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, foram estabelecidos, em metodologia prÃpria, alguns critÃrios de anÃlise, que sÃo: anÃlise das alternativas locacionais, Ãrea de influÃncia direta e indireta, coerÃncia e relevÃncia do diagnÃstico ambiental, avaliaÃÃo dos impactos ambientais, efetividade das medidas mitigadoras, monitoramento ambiental e participaÃÃo das comunidades envolvidas. AlÃm dessas caracterÃsticas, tambÃm foi analisado o RelatÃrio de Impacto Ambiental â RIMA como parte integrante do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, aspectos que foram discutidos e analisados, tÃpico por tÃpico, sempre os comparando com a legislaÃÃo competente, em especial, a ResoluÃÃo CONAMA 001/86 e outras ResoluÃÃes especÃficas, tais como: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. AlÃm disso, esses conceitos tambÃm foram discutidos Ã luz de autores que jÃ abordam esse tema na perspectiva de sua efetividade. Para isso, as ferramentas teÃricas que nortearam esta pesquisa foram constituÃdas por SÃnchez (2006), Agra Filho (1993), IBAMA (1995), que esclareceram os conceitos iniciais sobre AvaliaÃÃo de Impacto Ambiental, e IBAMA (2005), no DiagnÃstico da Carcinicultura Cearense, que apresenta os dados referentes Ã carcinicultura no MunicÃpio de Aracati e os aspectos teÃricos inerentes a esse tema. Os resultados esperados nÃo se mostraram muito diferentes do que inicialmente se havia pensando, e, dos aspectos analisados, poucos foram os que apresentaram informaÃÃes sÃrias e comprometidas com a real funÃÃo deste estudo. Dessa maneira, pode-se afirmar, depois da anÃlise de todos os tÃpicos inicialmente propostos, que o EIA referente ao projeto de carcinicultura examinado nÃo se mostrou ativamente efetivo por nÃo se apresentar como instrumento consistente de consulta pÃblica, ajuda na tomada de decisÃo, na gestÃo e no monitoramento ambiental.
This dissertation proposes to examine the effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in the creation of captive shrimp from the perspective of the case study of an EIA prepared for the expansion of a shrimp project located on the Jaguaribe river in the city of Aracati. According to Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), the AIA can be defined as "studies to identify, predict and interpret, and prevent the consequences or environmental effects that certain actions, plans, programs or projects may cause to our health, to the human welfare and the environment." According to the author, these studies include alternatives to projects subject to licensing and further induce the engagement and participation of the society, representing not a tool of decision in itself but an instrument of knowledge at the service of the general population. Thus, this essay discusses, so qualitatively, the effectiveness of this study as a serious aid tool in decision making and management and environmental monitoring, and verify if it, nowadays, is not being used only as a mere bureaucratic obstacle for the licensing of projects. In order to achieve the objectives, were established in the methodology, some criteria for analysis, which are: analysis of alternative locations, area of direct and indirect influence, coherence and relevance of environmental diagnosis, assessment of environmental impacts, effectiveness of mitigating measures, environmental monitoring and participation of the communities involved. Besides these features, the Environmental Impact Report - RIMA was also considered as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which were discussed and analyzed, topic by topic, always comparing them with the due legislation, in particular, the CONAMA Resolution 001 / 86 and other specific resolutions, such as: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Moreover, these concepts were also discussed in the light of authors who have addressed this issue in the view of its effectiveness. For this, the theoretical tools that have guided this research were made by SÃnchez (2006), Agra Son (1993), IBAMA (1995), which explained the initial concepts on Environmental Impact Assessment, and IBAMA (2005) in the Diagnosis of the Cearense shrimp, which presents data for the creation of captive shrimp in the city of Aracati and the theoretical aspects related to this topic. The expected results were not much different from what was originally thought and from the analyzed aspects, very little presented serious and committed information with the real function of this study. Thus, one can say, after reviewing all topics initially proposed, that the EIA regarding the shrimp project examined was not actively effective for not presenting itself as a consistent tool for public consultation, help in decision making, in management and in environmental monitoring.

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Du, Pisani J. A. "Social impact assessment : the status of practice in the North West Province of South Africa / J.A. du Pisani." Thesis, North-West University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/890.

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There is no doubt that the assessment of social impacts is as important, in some cases even more important, than the assessment of biophysical and economic impacts of development projects. Nonetheless, social impact assessment (SIA) has remained an "orphan" in the broader environmental impact assessment (EIA) context, both internationally and in South Africa, and is often neglected or treated as a less important aspect of an EIA. It was the aim of this study to measure perceptions of relative neglect of SIA in South Africa against the theory and practice of SIA as reflected in the literature. The basic hypothesis was that, whereas the theory and practice of SIA has reached a sophisticated level in the developed world, the practice of SIA in South Africa is not yet on a sound footing and that it does not receive the professional attention it deserves in a country beset by enormous social challenges. Thus the research problem was whether SIA is practiced at a satisfactory level of proficiency in South Africa. Social aspects of impact assessment in the North West Province of South Africa were investigated, with the aim to identify shortcomings and their possible causes and to make recommendations for improvement. The article format was used, and the main section of the study comprises two articles. The first article, a theoretical perspective based on a literature study, is a critical evaluation of SIA as part of the EIA process in South Africa against the background of international guidelines and best practices. The article includes sections on the historical background of the development of SIA in South Africa, the legal status and requirements of SIA in the country, and a critical evaluation of SIA regulation in South Africa. It was found that the persistent problems of SIA practice, experienced in other parts of the world, are also evident in South Africa. Apart from institutional, financial and professional constraints, there are also serious problems associated with approach and methods. The second article is an evaluation of and recommendations for the improvement of the practice of SIA in the North West Province. An empirical study of 26 EIAs, performed in the province between 1999 and 2002, was done. It was established that in terms of social baseline data, the identification of significant social impacts, specialist studies, public participation, recommended mitigation measures, and the attention paid to social impacts in records of decision (RODS) SIA practice in the North West Province is far from satisfactory. Apathy towards social impacts is associated with a general lack of SIA expertise. The following recommendations are made in the study to improve the level of SIA practice: a system of mandatory registration of SIA practitioners should be introduced; specialized SIA training programmes for SIA practitioners and officials should be developed and accredited; SIA specialists should be used to assess significant social impacts identified in EIAs; a policy framework and code of ethics for SIA practice should be developed; methodological guidelines for SIA should be supplied in or as a supplement to the new EIA guidelines; and the public participation process should be redesigned.
Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2006.

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Tangrungruengyoo, Keattisak. "The impact of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) on new-housing development : a case study of Bangkok, Thailand." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2018. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-impact-of-environmental-impact-assessment-eia-on-newhousing-development-a-case-study-of-bangkok-thailand(4561ec69-4efc-4bad-90ed-9440d9f4db14).html.

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Countries with rapidly growing economies, such as Thailand, must address the existing conflict between the promotion of environmental protection and the endorsement of economic development—a conflict that places significant strain on public policy. The question that remains concerns the methods via which such economies can adopt in order to maintain steady growth while mitigating the negative impacts on the environment. Although the housing development sector is a major driver of economic growth, it also has the potential to negatively impact the environment. In concurrence with rapid urbanisation, the demand for housing development is also on the rise, thus contributing to greater environmental stress. To address this issue, the Thai Government introduced the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in 1981 to identify environmental problems associated with major development projects in order to achieve sustainable development goals. This thesis explores the extent to which the EIA impacts the development of new housing in Bangkok, Thailand. It seeks to identify how the state impacts private housing development by regulating and directing new house building. The study questions the extent to which state actions are influenced by private sector efforts to ‘control’ state influence. Thus, the research investigates: (1) how far the implementation of environmental regulation in new housing development reflects the priorities of the private sector or those of national-local state authorities; and, (2) how far the framework for environmental regulation is a reflection of state sector imperatives or reflects a circumscribing of the role of the state by the private sector. As such, this research focuses on the interplay between the interests of the state and private sector actors, conceptualised in terms of how these competing interests influence the introduction of new environmental demands in new housing development projects. Thus, the study focuses on state-capital relationships through a corporatist theoretical approach. The primary method of data collection in this research is in-depth qualitative interviews featuring large-scale and small private developers, housing development-related associations, EIA consultants, politicians, senior and street-level bureaucrats, NGOs, and academic scholars. The results of this study indicate that EIA has not been implemented effectively in Thailand primarily owing to the absence of political commitment, unclear legislation, an inflexible governance structure, inefficient allocations of authority, a lack of intercommunication between the civic and private realms, insufficient monitoring and implementation, and mechanism impotency. Thus, EIA has been concomitant with both micro and macro level impacts on new-housing developments. It further shows that economic growth has been the main priority for national development goals and hence, environmental considerations are rarely given precedence in the public and private sectors’ decision-making process. Therefore, it is argued that Thailand should consider reforming its EIA regulations and implementation strategy to counteract future imbalances between the growth of the economy and the decline of environmental conservation. In order to make EIA procedures more effective, this study suggests that it is imperative to (i) encourage political will; (ii) amend EIA regulations to enable efficient execution of the policy at every level; (iii) create codes of practice and precise guidelines for all stakeholders; (iv) strengthen institutional capacity; and, (v) enhance regulatory procedures, particularly monitoring and public participation.

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Wong, Kwok-Ngon, and 黃覺岸. "The effectiveness of environmental impact assessment(EIA) as a regulatory legal framework in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628624.

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Fivaz, Karin. "Cumulative effects in environmental impact assessment (EIA) : Durban Harbour case study / by Karin Fivaz." Thesis, North-West University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3708.

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Carroll, Thea Henriette. "Quality of environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports on biological pest control / Thea Henriette Carroll." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1695.

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Decision making regarding the release of biological control agents for invasive species such as lantana, Lantana camara, requires the consideration and evaluation of environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports by a competent authority. Although various biological control agents have been authorised for release into the environment for the control of lantana, the quality of the EIA reports that form the basis for decision making has never been evaluated. The evaluation of the quality of EIA reports on the release of biological control agents by means of an adapted Lee- Colley review package was the focus of this research. The main conclusion was that the quality of the EIA reports on the release of biological control agents for the control of Lantana camara (lantana) was poor by the standards of the review package, the literature reviewed, and the legal requirements. The main deficiencies in the EIA reports related to impact identification, impact evaluation, scoping, mitigation measures and monitoring programmes, while the project descriptions, non-technical summaries and layout and presentation of information in the reports were of good quality. These results correspond to reports in literature that affirms that essential information about impact identification and evaluation and subsequent mitigation and monitoring, the crux of the EIA, is mostly insufficient in EIA reports.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007

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Gomes, Laécia Gretha Amorim. "Análise da Efetividade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA na Carcinicultura: o Caso do Município de Aracati - CE." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFC, 2009. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/16609.

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GOMES, Laécia Gretha Amorim. Análise da Efetividade do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental - EIA/RIMA na Carcinicultura: o Caso do Município de Aracati - CE. 2009. 185 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Centro de Ciências e Tecnologias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente-PRODEMA, Fortaleza-CE, 2009.
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This dissertation proposes to examine the effectiveness of the Environmental Impact Assessment - EIA in the creation of captive shrimp from the perspective of the case study of an EIA prepared for the expansion of a shrimp project located on the Jaguaribe river in the city of Aracati. According to Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), the AIA can be defined as "studies to identify, predict and interpret, and prevent the consequences or environmental effects that certain actions, plans, programs or projects may cause to our health, to the human welfare and the environment." According to the author, these studies include alternatives to projects subject to licensing and further induce the engagement and participation of the society, representing not a tool of decision in itself but an instrument of knowledge at the service of the general population. Thus, this essay discusses, so qualitatively, the effectiveness of this study as a serious aid tool in decision making and management and environmental monitoring, and verify if it, nowadays, is not being used only as a mere bureaucratic obstacle for the licensing of projects. In order to achieve the objectives, were established in the methodology, some criteria for analysis, which are: analysis of alternative locations, area of direct and indirect influence, coherence and relevance of environmental diagnosis, assessment of environmental impacts, effectiveness of mitigating measures, environmental monitoring and participation of the communities involved. Besides these features, the Environmental Impact Report - RIMA was also considered as part of the Environmental Impact Assessment, which were discussed and analyzed, topic by topic, always comparing them with the due legislation, in particular, the CONAMA Resolution 001 / 86 and other specific resolutions, such as: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Moreover, these concepts were also discussed in the light of authors who have addressed this issue in the view of its effectiveness. For this, the theoretical tools that have guided this research were made by Sánchez (2006), Agra Son (1993), IBAMA (1995), which explained the initial concepts on Environmental Impact Assessment, and IBAMA (2005) in the Diagnosis of the Cearense shrimp, which presents data for the creation of captive shrimp in the city of Aracati and the theoretical aspects related to this topic. The expected results were not much different from what was originally thought and from the analyzed aspects, very little presented serious and committed information with the real function of this study. Thus, one can say, after reviewing all topics initially proposed, that the EIA regarding the shrimp project examined was not actively effective for not presenting itself as a consistent tool for public consultation, help in decision making, in management and in environmental monitoring.
Esta dissertação se propõe analisar a Efetividade dos Estudos de Impacto Ambiental - EIA na Carcinicultura dentro da perspectiva do estudo de caso de um EIA elaborado para a expansão de um projeto carcinícola localizado as margens do rio Jaguaribe no Município de Aracati. De acordo com Bolea (1984) apud La Rovere (2001, p.11), a AIA pode ser definida como: “estudos realizados para identificar, prever e interpretar assim como prevenir, as conseqüências ou efeitos ambientais que determinadas ações, planos, programas ou projetos podem causar à saúde, ao bem estar humano e ao entorno”. Ainda segundo o autor, esses estudos englobam alternativas a projetos passíveis de licenciamento e ainda induzem o engajamento e a participação da sociedade, representando não um instrumento de decisão em si, mas um instrumento de conhecimento a serviço da população em geral. Dessa maneira, esta dissertação discute, de modo qualitativo, a efetividade desse estudo como expediente sério de ajuda na tomada de decisão e na gestão e monitoramento ambiental, assim como verificar se o mesmo, nos dias atuais, não está sendo utilizado apenas como um mero entrave burocrático para o licenciamento de empreendimentos. Para que os objetivos fossem atingidos, foram estabelecidos, em metodologia própria, alguns critérios de análise, que são: análise das alternativas locacionais, área de influência direta e indireta, coerência e relevância do diagnóstico ambiental, avaliação dos impactos ambientais, efetividade das medidas mitigadoras, monitoramento ambiental e participação das comunidades envolvidas. Além dessas características, também foi analisado o Relatório de Impacto Ambiental – RIMA como parte integrante do Estudo de Impacto Ambiental, aspectos que foram discutidos e analisados, tópico por tópico, sempre os comparando com a legislação competente, em especial, a Resolução CONAMA 001/86 e outras Resoluções específicas, tais como: CONAMA312/02, CONAMA 237/92, CONAMA 09/87. Além disso, esses conceitos também foram discutidos à luz de autores que já abordam esse tema na perspectiva de sua efetividade. Para isso, as ferramentas teóricas que nortearam esta pesquisa foram constituídas por Sánchez (2006), Agra Filho (1993), IBAMA (1995), que esclareceram os conceitos iniciais sobre Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental, e IBAMA (2005), no Diagnóstico da Carcinicultura Cearense, que apresenta os dados referentes à carcinicultura no Município de Aracati e os aspectos teóricos inerentes a esse tema. Os resultados esperados não se mostraram muito diferentes do que inicialmente se havia pensando, e, dos aspectos analisados, poucos foram os que apresentaram informações sérias e comprometidas com a real função deste estudo. Dessa maneira, pode-se afirmar, depois da análise de todos os tópicos inicialmente propostos, que o EIA referente ao projeto de carcinicultura examinado não se mostrou ativamente efetivo por não se apresentar como instrumento consistente de consulta pública, ajuda na tomada de decisão, na gestão e no monitoramento ambiental.

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Gama, Ana Paula Souza da. "Propostas de alterações da AIA no Brasil : uma análise crítica à luz da experiência internacional." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-02052016-112053/.

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A AIA é um instrumento de política ambiental que surgiu há mais de 40 anos nos EUA e disseminou-se em diversos países, tendo se tornado alvo de muitas críticas. Recentemente, estas têm se consolidado em todo mundo, por meio de revisões sistemáticas dos quadros de AIA. No Brasil, algumas propostas vêm sendo discutidas e até implementadas em alguns contextos. Ao mesmo tempo em que esse processo apresenta-se como uma oportunidade de melhoria, na contramão, existe uma ameaça de racionalização (streamlining) da AIA, com o risco de levar a uma simplificação desse instrumento e consequente perda de qualidade. Assim, este estudo se propôs a identificar e analisar algumas das propostas de alteração do processo de Licenciamento Ambiental no Brasil (apresentadas pela CNI e ABEMA), considerando as experiências internacionais. Cada proposta foi analisada a partir de um sistema de pontuação desenvolvido com base em critérios extraídos da literatura internacional, de modo que puderam ser excluídas aquelas que caracterizaram-se como propostas de simplificação ou racionalização (streamlining) da AIA e mantidas as que apresentaram algum aspecto que pudesse contribuir para a melhoria do processo. Tais propostas, apresentaram medidas de aperfeiçoamento das regras existentes, o que se analisou como um caminho mais viável que a criação de novas regras ou o relaxamento das existentes. O discurso predominante é de que a AIA ainda é vista como um fardo que ameaça o progresso econômico, embora haja tentativas de alinhar as agendas de desenvolvimento e ambiente. Há um longo percurso de enfrentamentos a ser cumprido, tanto para manter as boas regras, quanto identificar propostas que consigam melhorar a prática existente. Mas, acima de tudo, para evitar a perda da qualidade ambiental e da contribuição para a política ambiental que a AIA traz
The EIA is an environmental policy instrument that has been established over 40 years in USA and it has since spread to different countries, currently receives a many of criticisms, which is natural after decades of implementation. Recently, they have been established worldwide, through systematic reviews of EIA frameworks, and in Brazil, some proposals have been discussed and even implemented in some contexts. Although, this process can be an opportunity for improvement of the EIA, you can also configure a threat rationalization (streamlining) of the EIA, with the risk of leading to a simplification that weakens the instrument. Thus, this study aimed to identify and analyze the proposed amendments to the Environmental Licensing process in Brazil (presented by the CNI and ABEMA), taking into account international experience. Each proposal was analyzed from a scoring system developed. After analysis they were excluded those characterized as proposals for simplification and rationalization (streamlining) of the EIA and kept those that demonstrated that they can contribute to process improvement. Such proposals showed measures of the existing rules, which was analyzed as a more coherent way than to create new rules or a relaxation of the existing. The EIA, is still seen as a \"burden that threatens economic development\" and although there are attempts to align the development and environment agendas, the first continues to dominate the discourse. We have a long way to confrontations to overcome, trying to maintain good rules, select the proposals they can improve existing practice, but, above all, to prevent the loss of environmental quality and contributing to environmental policy, than the EIA provides

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Persson, Alexandra. "Environmental Impact Assessments in Detailed Development Plan Processes: An Adequacy Analysis." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-103756.

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A detailed development plan (DDP) is a legally binding plan that regulates the municipalities land use on a detailed level. The purpose with the DDP is to evaluate the suitability for development on land access, in order for municipalities to manage spatial planning and minimize environmental harm. If a DDP would likely cause a significant impact on the environment, an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has to be produced. The aim of this thesis was to investigate how DDP and EIA processes are working on a local level in Sweden, and how the quality is reflected in the processes. More specifically, I investigated the role of EIA actors involved in the DDP process, as well as whether these processes are inadequate from an environmental conservation perspective. To investigate these issues, a document study was conducted as well as an interview study. The results from the study presents several shortcomings in both processes; examples of shortcomings were the lacking knowledge among the DDP and EIA actors in how to conduct the process, as well as interpreting and understanding the law. Other observed shortcomings were the different levels of engagement among the plan administrators, the EIA performers and the County Administrative Board reviewers. Three important factors were recognized for achieving good processes. Firstly, the people involved need to have broad knowledge and good qualifications. Secondly, the actors must be able to communicate in a good and clear manner. Lastly, the third factor is a good process leader who brings together the DDP and EIA process.

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Kriel, Barend Jacobus. "A critical review of the consideration of energy alternatives in environmental impact assessment (EIA) / B. Kriel." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4376.

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Climate change, as well as the recent energy crisis in South Africa, has placed renewed emphasis on the need to consider alternative energy options for future developments. EIA can and should play an important role in ensuring that energy alternatives are considered in developmental decision making. The need to consider energy alternatives has already been highlighted as EIA good practice in various guidelines, as well as being explicitly required in relevant application forms. The purpose of this research was twofold. Firstly, to determine the extent to which energy alternatives were considered in EIAs for Metropolitan developments. Secondly, to identify the barriers towards improving the uptake and consideration of energy alternatives by environmental assessment practitioners, environmental authorities and developers. The results show that the consideration of energy alternatives is almost non-existent with very few cases of best practice. The barriers towards introduction of energy alternatives seem to be related to a lack of information and knowledge, institutional resistance to change, as well as general expediency.
Thesis (M. Environmental Science)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Ritzka, Martin Stefan. "Incorporation of Sustainable Development Concerns in Regulatory Impact Assessments." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-297575.

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Regulatory Impact Analyses (RIA) are carried out in order to determine how a project or regulation affects the economy, society and environment. Traditionally, RIAs are carried out through cost benefit assessments and by monetizing different variables in order to assist policymakers with their decision. The main disadvantage of it, is that highly relevant social and environmental factors are difficult to quantify, thus providing weak or "incomplete" support to policy-makers in their final decision and enabling long-term consequences. An option to improving RIAs, is by taking into account such factors with the introduction of Sustainable Development (SD) concerns early in the decision making process. This is a trend that has been gaining more momentum and support, especially in OECD and EU members. The shift towards the inclusion of such concerns at a regulatory and legislative level nonetheless still presents itself to be a challenge and has wide room for improvements. On this research, four different countries and the European Union are analyzed and compared, presenting their current RIA practices and how much they take into account sustainability concerns with the intent on showing where can they be improved and better included.

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Kruger, Reneé. "A critical analysis of the quality of EIA reports for filling stations in South Africa / Kruger R." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/7375.

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In order to make decisions to approve filling stations, an environmental impact assessment (EIA) needs to be conducted and evaluated by the competent authority. Although numerous filling stations have been authorised for operation, the quality of the EIA reports that form the basis for decision making has never been evaluated. The evaluation of the quality of EIA reports on filling station developments by means of an adapted Lee–Colley review package formed the basis of this research. The main conclusion was that the quality of the EIA reports for filling station developments, as reviewed by the adapted review package, is generally of a poor standard. This means that a decision to approve a new filling station is generally based on just enough information to the competent authority. The main deficiencies in the EIA reports related to site description, cumulative impacts and mitigation measures, while the environment description, identification of impacts, scoping of impacts, assessment of impact significance and emphasis (impacts) in the reports were of good quality. The results from the reviewed EIA’s correspond mostly with the literature on the review of EIA reports.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.

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Van, Heerden Aletta Johanna. "A comparative analysis of EIA report quality before and after 2006 in South Africa / Aletta Johanna van Heerden." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4603.

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On 18 June 2010 new NEMA 2010 EIA Regulations were promulgated and came into effect on 2 August 2010 in order to improve the effectiveness of EIA. The question of effectiveness, therefore still remains. The quality of EIRs under the 1997 regulations in South Africa has been researched, although not as extensively as in other parts of the world. It was concluded that the quality of EIRs in South Africa are generally satisfactory, although a number of problems were identified, e.g. timing of the EIA, the identification of activities which require authorization or not, the consideration of alternatives, the absence of any time limits, the absence of requirements for monitoring and enforcing compliance, and objectivity. The National Environmental Management Act (NEMA), (Act no 107, 1998) was amended and new regulations promulgated in 2006. No research has been published regarding the quality of EIRs produced in South Africa under the 2006 regulations. Since it was the intent of the new regulations to improve EIA effectiveness, it is necessary that the quality of EIRs produced under the new EIA system be investigated. As in the other studies in South Africa, the Lee and Colley review model was used as basis for the comparative analysis of the EIRs before and after 2006. A sample of 26 EIRs, 11 under the 1997 EIA system and 15 under the 2006 EIA system, obtained from the then Impact Assessment Directorate of the National Department of Environmental Affairs and Tourism (DEAT) archives in Pretoria were reviewed. The main conclusions were that the majority of the EIRs under the 1997 system were of an acceptable standard and that the overall quality of the EIRs did not improve after the promulgation of the 2006 regulations. The descriptive and presentational parts of the EIRs were more satisfactorily addressed, while the analytical parts such as impact significance were addressed less satisfactorily. EIR quality appears to be on par with international standards, but there are areas of distinct weaknesses. As the 2006 EIRs included some of the first EIRs conducted under the new regulations, there is potential for the quality to improve over time. However, the areas that still need attention are the identification and evaluation of impacts, impact magnitude and monitoring programmes.
Thesis (M.Sc. (Geography and Environmental Management))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.

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Pimcharoen, Orapim. "The planning system and environmental management in Thailand : the role of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) in the decision-making process." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369017.

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Yang, Weishan. "Critical Review of EIA Implementation Framework and Operational Procedures in China : A Case Study of Panyu District Public Conflict." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekologi, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-58639.

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The shifting tendency of environmental conflict of some specific projects from post-conflict to pre-conflict is taking place in China. The main reason is that the public raises awareness of environmental consequences and makes more transparence information exchanged among stakeholders. Therefore the authorities have to face the new challenges and figure out new solutions to handle the changing circumstances. One of the recent conflicts regarding Panyu’s incineration project is selected as a typical example analyzed in this report. This case indicates three main argued focal points at environmental perspective of project implementation which are currently unsatisfied in China’s society: 1. Failure of EIA making & approving system; 2. Inadequate public participation on the decision-making process; 3. Imbalance in stakeholders’ pattern of the project implementation process. This thesis have explored China’s EIA reports’ making, examining and approving system through investigation on its administrative, legislative and operational framework. The work was carried out during my internship in Safety Center of Henan Science Academy of Environmental Protection. The investigation also includes several interviews with different stakeholders of Panyu’s case. Based on the theoretical and empirical research, the thesis pointed out the root of defects of the existing EIA system in China is: 1. Public’s opinions can’t be truly reflected on the EIA report in the EIA making process; 2. Other stakeholders’ interests seriously affected the justice of EIA examination and approval process. The recommended approaches for improving the system include: 1. Strength public participation process to allow as much affected neighbors to realize the project and reflect their perception to decision-makers as possible; 2. Improve current EIA examination and approval procedures in order to weak the linkage between government and business sector. 3. Enhance the cooperation between environmental authority and other administrative board.

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Březinová, Lucie. "Využití systému hodnocení vlivů na prostředí (EIA) pro koncepce územního ekonomického rozvoje." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-9290.

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The diploma thesis consists of three parts. In the first part the problematics of the EIA process is explained and basic data and statitistics for the years 2003 to 2007 is mentioned with respect to the legislative changes in 2006 and 2007. The statistics include i.e. the total number of the projects assessed in individual years, number of the projects assessed by The Ministry of Environment of the Czech Republic and regional authorities. Furthermore there are quantified individual projects coming under individual regions, respecting the division into individual industrial branches. Part two deals with the problematics of landscape planning --definiton, tools, targets, legislation and authorities in charge with landscape planning. The last part of the thesis is devoted to the importance of the system of EIA for the needs of spatial planning. There are shown the benefits of EIA for landscape development. Moreover there is distinguishing of EIA for individual projects and for spatial conceptions.

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Balasubrahmanyam, Sunil K. "Environmental impact assessment under NEPA : a redundant mechanism? /." Diss., This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-02052007-081248/.

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Towela, Sambo Pamela. "A conceptual analysis of environmental justice approaches : procedural environmental justice in the EIA process in South Africa and Zambia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/a-conceptual-analysis-of-environmental-justice-approaches-procedural-environmental-justice-in-the-eia-process-in-south-africa-and-zambia(a8baf238-09aa-4089-a687-935f9d84db52).html.

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This study argues that the basis of all environmental justice variations is the consideration of fairness, equity and justice in the environmental processes that resolve environmental problems. A Procedural Environmental Justice Model (PEJM) has been developed for the purpose of evaluating the procedural environmental justice content of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) legislation in South Africa and Zambia. EIA as a tool for mitigating adverse environmental impacts arising from development activities aims at identifying, predicting, evaluating and mitigating the bio-physical, social, and other relevant effects of development proposals prior to major decisions being taken. This makes it an apt case study for evaluating how procedural environmental justice works. The PEJM developed in this thesis is important because it can be used as a mechanism for evaluating how procedural environmental justice works in practice. Apart from developing the PEJM, this research provides an in- depth evaluation of procedural environmental justice and proceeds, in a novel manner, to focus on South Africa and Zambia. The concept of environmental justice originates from the civil liberties campaigns of the 1960s and the more recent Environmental Justice Movement in the United States. It was historically concerned with widespread distributive inequalities which manifested as discrimination mainly on the basis of race and economic status in environmental matters. In more recent years, environmental justice concerns have become more profound owing to the diversity and gravity of global environmental problems such as global warming and climate change, natural resources depletion and widespread air and water pollution. The effects of these global environmental problems have been predicted to affect inhabitants of developing countries more than those of the developed ones, thereby emphasising procedural environmental justice concerns.This research shows that in the present day environmental parlance, environmental justice should be increasingly used to connote inclusiveness in addressing global, national and grassroots environmental problems. There has been a distinct tendency to move beyond the traditional description of environmental justice as being distributive, or primarily concerned with the allocation of environmental advantages and disadvantages. This is due to the realisation that distributive environmental justice aspects are inadequate in addressing historical and present day environmental challenges. This research emphasises that environmental justice incorporates procedural, corrective and social aspects of justice. The promotion of inclusive participation or procedural environmental justice transcends all conceptions of the concept. Therefore, in order to promote environmental justice, environmental legislation must focus on procedural features that incorporate effective public participation mechanisms.

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Arendse, Clarice. "An evaluation of the development of environmental legislation governing environmental impact assessments and integrated environmental management in South Africa." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/3831.

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Aliero, B. A. "Utilisation of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) technique in assessment of impact of human interference on natural ecology of estuaries : a case study of Mersey Estuary." Thesis, University of Salford, 1994. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/14832/.

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A conceptual study of the impacts of human activities on the natural ecology of estuaries was carried out. The Mersey Estuary was used as a case study. Environmental Impact Assessment Techniques (EIA) was used to identify and evaluate impacts generated by various activities of Man on estuaries. The study was conducted with materials and data gathered from scientific papers, documents, reports and other related literature sources. The findings of the research reveal that estuaries exist in several forms and shape. They are characterised by graded salinity ranging from marine condition (3.5%) to fresh water (0.05%) and periodic and spontaneous tidal movements. Estuaries are highly productive ecosystems and support large wildlife and fish. For many years Man has exploited estuarine resources. However, in the last two hundred years, the advent of the industrial revolution led to dramatic growth of navigation and establishment of industries close to estuarine waters. Consequently estuaries attracted large human populations which discharged sewage along with industrial effluent direct into their waters causing rapid deterioration in water quality and severe distress of the biota. The Mersey Estuary is typical of such industrialized estuaries. The level of engineering modification and the extent of pollution witnessed in the Estuary is possibly unparalleled by any other estuary in the U. K. These activities have significantly affected the ecosystem of the Mersey and the socioeconomic lif e of people living within its catchment boundary and beyond. EIA has become an important tool in environmental planning and management. I have used its principles and techniques in the identification and analysis of impacts caused by activities of Man on the Mersey Estuary. Analysis of results indicate that the construction of training wall along the sea channels and the building of the Manchester Ship Canal were most important, reducing estuarine capacity and the stabilization of the inner estuary navigation channel. The heavy organic load from sewage and industry discharged directly into the estuary caused severe deficiency of dissolved oxygen and consequent loss of fish and wildlife. The drive to clean up the Estuary started in the 1970s and so far positive changes are being recorded showing improved wildlife which reflect general improvement in the whole Estuary.

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Westerström, Ylva. "Kvalitetsgranskning av skadeförebyggande åtgärdsförslag i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för samhälls- och livsvetenskaper, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7482.

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I en miljökonsekvensbeskrivning, MKB ska en beskrivning av planerade åtgärder ges för att undvika, minska eller avhjälpa skadliga verkningar, då projektet antas medföra betydande miljöpåverkan. Eftersom det upptäckts allvarliga brister för skadeförebyggande åtgärder i forskningsrapporter utomlands, var det intressant att undersöka åtgärdskvalitén i några svenska MKB. Svagheter och styrkor i skadeförebyggande åtgärder i 6st MKB för 2st markkabelanläggningar i Sverige undersöktes. Metoden för undersökningen var två fallstudier som jämfördes mot varandra och analyserades mot teorier. Resultatet visade att kvalitén på det undersökta materialet var övervägande bra, jämförelsevis mot de forskningsrapporter som visat på bristfälliga åtgärdsförslag utomlands. Det var väl beskrivna åtgärder där identifiering och implementering av skadeförebyggande åtgärder skedde i ett tidigt skede, enligt Mitchells åtgärdshierarki. Det fanns dock brister som stämde överens mot nämnda forskningsrapporter i uppsatsen: Otydlighet i beskrivningen om hur en särskild miljöaspekt skulle åtgärdas samt avsaknad av åtgärder för denna specifika miljöaspekt, var en stor avvikelse mot de annars välbeskrivna åtgärdsförslagen mot betydande miljöpåverkan i föreliggande undersökning. Otydlighet om åtgärderna bara var förslag eller om de skulle användas, var den brist som ansågs allvarligast för att en MKB skulle vara verkningsfull. Denna allvarliga brist var gemensam för miljökonsekvensbeskrivningarna i föreliggande undersökning och för nämnda forskningsrapporter i uppsatsen.
In an environmental impact assessment, EIA there must be a description of planned measures to avoid, minimize and repair consequences that are damaging, when a project is presumed to bring significant environmental impact. Since detecting serious lack of failure for mitigation measures in science rapports abroad, it was interesting to investigate the quality for mitigation measures for some Swedish EIA. The weakness and strengths in mitigation measures in 6 EIA for 2 ground cable structure in Sweden was examined. The method for this study was two case studies that was compared against each other and analysed with theories. The results showed that the quality of the test material was considered good, comparatively to the research that demonstrated the lack of proposals for action abroad. It was well described measures in which the identification and implementation of mitigation measures were made at an early stage, according to Mitchell's mitigation hierarchy. However, there were deficiencies that were consistent with the mentioned research in this paper: Opaque in the description of how a particular environmental aspect would be addressed and the lack of action for this particular environmental aspect, was a major deviation from the otherwise well described action proposals for significant environmental effects in this study. Opaque if the measures were just proposals or if they would be used, where the shortage was most serious for an EIA would be effective. This serious deficiency was common for the environmental impact assessments in the present study and that research reports in the paper.

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Wall, Erik. "Tillämpning av GIS-analyser i MKB." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Earth Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-88853.

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The reason for performing an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is to incorporate environmental concern in different kinds of plans and projects. The purpose of such an assessment is to identify and describe direct, indirect and cumulative environmental impacts.

Geographical Information System (GIS) is a tool that can be used to combine spatial extension of both sensitive areas and different environmental impacts in a quick and easy way. Because of that, descriptions of environmental impacts and motivation of different standpoints on a specific issue can be more correct and easier to make if GIS is used as a tool.

Hence, GIS can contribute to improve the quality of Environmental Impact Assessments. If the benefits of using GIS are to out weight the costs, geographical information of satisfactory detail, actuality and accuracy need to be available at reasonable prices.

In this paper, case studies are carried out for three different geographical analyses to investigate the use of GIS as a tool in EIA. From these case studies, more general conclusions about the benefits and limitations of using GIS for Environmental Impact Assessments are also drawn. The criteria, after which benefits and limitations of GIS have been estimated, are data availability, time consumption for performing the analyses and how the results from the performed analyses can make impact assessments easier, motivate different standpoints and increase the comprehensiveness of the EIA-report.

The three different GIS-analyses includes calculation of pollution load in a catchment area, estimation of the visual impact from planned buildings and generation of alternative locations for underwater pipes. These analyses have been applied on one ongoing EIA for a freight terminal and one ongoing EIA for an underwater wastewater transmission pipe. The analyses in these case studies have been undertaken with ArcGIS software using the extensions “Spatial Analyst” and “3D Analyst”.

It is shown in this study that due to uncertainty in available model values and the time consuming data manipulation, it is unlikely that calculations of pollution loads with GIS will be used to any larger extent in EIA. To carry out visual assessments with help of GIS to estimate visual impacts is on the other hand assumed to be useful in EIA-work. Both to assess impacts and to estimate how changes in building design can alter those impacts. To use GIS to produce alternative locations for underwater pipes is also considered valuable in EIA-work, even though there is a considerable lack of data to predict the environmental class of marine areas and the connections between available data and real environmental values are weak. However, the risk of damaging vulnerable and high valued marine areas should decrease when applying this type of analyse.

Miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar (MKB) genomförs för att möjliggöra att hänsyn om miljön tas vid olika typer av exploateringsprojekt och exploateringsplaner. Syftet med en miljökonsekvensbeskrivning är att identifiera och beskriva direkta, indirekta och kumulativa miljöeffekter.

Geografiska informationssystem (GIS) är ett verktyg som kan användas för att snabbt och enkelt kombinera rumslig utsträckning av både känsliga områden och olika miljökonsekvenser. GIS kan därför användas för att underlätta beskrivningar av miljökonsekvenser och motivera olika ställningstaganden. Därigenom kan GIS bidra till bättre grundade och mer rättvisande miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar. Men för att vinsterna av att genomföra GIS-analyser ska överstiga kostnaderna krävs att geografisk information av tillräcklig detaljeringsgrad, aktualitet och säkerhet finns att tillgå till rimliga kostnader.

Syftet med denna studie har varit att genom fallstudier undersöka om tre olika GIS-analyser kan användas som verktyg i miljöbedömningar med idag tillgänglig data, samt att utifrån fallstudierna dra mer allmänna slutsatser om vinster och begränsningar av att använda GIS i miljökonsekvensbeskrivningar. De kriterier som har använts för att bedöma vinster och begränsningar är tidsåtgång för analyserna, tillgång på data samt hur analyserna kan vara ett stöd i MKB-arbetet genom att underlätta beskrivningar av konsekvenser, motivera ställningstaganden som görs och öka rapportens begriplighet.

De tre genomförda GIS-analyserna innefattar beräkning av föroreningsbelastning inom ett avrinningsområde, bedömning av byggnaders landskapspåverkan genom synlighetsanalys samt generering av förslag till alternativ ledningsdragning för en undervattensledning. Dessa analyser har tillämpats på en pågående MKB för en detaljplan för en partihall och en pågående MKB för en avloppsvattenledning under vatten. Analyserna i fallstudierna har genomförts i programmet ArcGIS med tilläggen ”Spatial Analyst” och ”3D Analyst”.

Studien visar att det på grund av osäkerheter i tillgängliga schablonvärden och tidsåtgång för databehandling är osannolikt att beräkning av föroreningsmängd inom ett avrinningsområde med GIS kommer att användas till någon större utsträckning i MKB. Att med GIS genomföra synlighetsanalyser för att utvärdera landskapspåverkan bedöms däremot kunna användas i MKB, både för att bedöma påverkan och för att utvärdera hur en förändring i en byggnads utformning kan förändra den påverkan. Även att med GIS generera förslag till alternativa ledningsdragningar under vatten bedöms kunna fylla en funktion i MKB trots att tillgången på data för att kunna beskriva olika marina områdens naturvärden är klart bristfällig och kopplingen mellan tillgängliga data och verkliga naturvärden är osäker. Denna typ av analys bör ändå minska risken att värdefulla och skyddsvärda marina områden skadas vid lednignsdragning.

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Naser, Humood Abdulla Ahmed. "An investigation of the use of soft-sediment macrobenthic assemblages in ecological impact assessment with particular emphasis on the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system in Bahrain." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.437952.

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Steenkamp, Carli Stephani. "The efficiency and alignment of planning and environmental impact assessment (EIA) authorisation processes in the Mpumalanga Province / Carli Steenkamp." Thesis, North-West University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/3761.

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The legal reform process in South Africa has led to increasingly complex legislative requirements for new developments in the form of various authorization processes. Currently different organs of state, at different spheres of government exercise a range of powers and functions in respect of the approval of development applications. These authorisations typically relate to planning, water management, heritage resources, environmental management, air quality, etc. In order to improve the efficiency and alignment of authorisation processes there is a serious need to gain a better understanding of the interaction between the different authorisation processes as well as the challenges experienced. This research presents the results of a critical analysis of planning and environmental impact assessment (EIA) authorisation processes in the Mpumalanga Province and examines how authorisation processes are implemented and aligned, how efficient the processes are, why process inefficiencies occur and how the efficiency of processes can be improved. The outcome of the research suggests that there are three main success factors for efficiency, namely the legislative framework that provides for administrative and environmental justice, co-operative governance that provides the basis for good communication, and information and competence that injects expertise into the authorisation process. The so-called 'efficiency triangle' is conceptualised, which clearly illustrates the interaction between these success factors.
Thesis (M. Environmental Management)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2010.

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Fanariotu, Ioanna N. "The role and function of monitoring within the environmental impact assessment (EIA) of reafforestation projects : a Greek case study." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1993. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU060609.

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The present thesis examines the role and function of monitoring of reafforestation projects within EIA process. The first part presents the development and evolution of research in the field of environmental monitoring within EIA processes. It sets out the problems encountered when reafforestation projects are considered in a monitoring framework. The first contribution of the thesis is to propose a monitoring design applicable to reafforestation projects. The proposed monitoring design overcomes certain difficulties and malfunctions of traditional designs by adopting a new approach to the problem of monitoring reafforestation impacts. The suitability of the proposed design is examined and tested in a case study area in Greece by monitoring impacts of reafforestation on soil, landscape and the local economy. Two sets of results are reached. The first concerns with detection of reafforestation impacts on the three parameters of environment that were examined. The second concerns with the role and function of the proposed monitoring design. Reafforestation was found to have several impacts on the three parameters of the environment. Impacts on soil include changes in selected physical and chemical properties. Impacts on the local economy refer to the financial and economic efficiency of reafforestation projects including a sensitivity analysis. Moreover, impacts on economic activity, economic equilibrium, individual welfare, and local government are assessed. Impacts on landscape refer to impacts on "near view" and "vista" scenes that follow reafforestation projects. It is considered that the proposed monitoring design is superior to the old traditional monitoring systems for reafforestation. The proposed design produces scientifically valid research due to the use of standard methodology. It produces very good forecasts of impacts and secures the decision making process of an EIA. Finally, a computerised database for environmental information retrieval and storage is designed and demonstrated.

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Finucci, Marcelo. "Metodologias utilizadas na avaliação do impacto ambiental para liberação comercial do plantio de transgênicos: uma contribuição ao estado da arte no Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-13092011-163012/.

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Os Organismos Geneticamente Modificados (OGM) surgiram há poucos anos e estão sendo discutidos por toda a comunidade científica por ter implicações ambientais e na saúde pública. Por ser um tema vasto, foi estudado apenas a liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM, mostrando suas vantagens e desvantagens. Neste trabalho são apresentados vários dados das plantações comerciais dos OGM no Brasil e no restante do mundo, mostrando o aumento do uso destes organismos na agricultura mundial. Esta dissertação apresenta um breve histórico da liberação para o plantio comercial dos OGM no Brasil e os seus aspectos legais. Foram pesquisados os aspectos legais para essa liberação, levando em conta a necessidade de ser feito o Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA), que é um instrumento de aplicação do Princípio da Precaução existente no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, do qual a Avaliação de Impacto Ambiental (AIA) é uma de suas ferramentas. Nesse contexto foi estudada a legislação brasileira sobre o meio ambiente e sobre os OGM. Para se decidir quais são os melhores métodos de AIA, para liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM, de acordo com as exigências legais, foi feita uma pesquisa revisando esses métodos. Foi verificado para cada Método se ele apresenta características de identificar satisfatoriamente os impactos ambientais em relação aos seus efeitos, espaço e tempo. Sabendo-se quais as exigências de avaliação de impacto necessárias para a liberação do plantio dos OGM foi possível identificar as metodologias de AIA mais indicadas para o caso. Concluiu-se que os métodos mais indicados para a liberação comercial do plantio dos OGM são a Matriz de Interação e o AMBITEC-AGRO
Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) have only recently appeared and are being discussed by all of the scientific community for having environmental and public health implications. By being a vast subject, only the release for the commercial plantation of the OGM was studied, showing its advantages and disadvantages. In the following work, data of GMO commercial plantations in both Brazil and globally are presented, showing an increase of the use of these organisms in world-wide agriculture. Also included is a brief historical account of the approval and release of GMOs for commercial plantation in Brazil. It was taking in account the necessity of conducting the Environmental Impact Study (EIA), a component of the Environmental Impact Assessment (AIA) that is an instrument of the application of the Precaution Principal in the Brazilian legal system. Additionally, Brazilian environmental regulations and regulations pertaining to GMOs was studied. An analysis of the best methods of AIA legally required for commercial authorization of planting GMOs was performed. Each method was verified if it met satisfactory characteristic identifying the environmental impacts concerning to its effect, time, and space. It was possible to determine the best AIA methodology for this case by matching the necessary requirements for evaluating the impact of authorizing the planting of GMOs. It was concluded that the Interaction Matrix and the AMBITEC-AGRO are the best methods for the commercial authorization of planting GMOs

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA)'

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