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1
Muttamara, Samorn. "Environmental impact assessment (EIA)." Resources, Conservation and Recycling 16, no. 1-4 (April 1996): 335–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-3449(95)00065-8.
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Sharma, Ravi, and Jean Damascene Hategekimana. "Rwandan environmental impact assessment: practices and constraints." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 29, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 89–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/meq-05-2016-0041.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to review the Rwandan Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice and identify the possible constraints faced by EIA practitioners in Rwanda. The results presented here will help to highlight strengths and weakness of the Rwandan EIA practice. Design/methodology/approach The EIA practice was evaluated by a self-administered questionnaire survey for respondents including approved EIA experts in Rwanda, government agencies involved in EIA process and corporate which have received environmental clearance. The aspects of practices and challenges were evaluated and include the suitability of institutional arrangements, the scientific methodological bases of EIA, the conduct of EIA, the effectiveness of EIA with respect to influence decision making, overall results and EIA as a learning process. These aspects were rated on different scales by the respondents to identify where the Rwandan EIA practice stands now in terms of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and constraints. Findings The institutional arrangements of EIA were judged to be good overall by the respondents with main strengths being seen in the policy and legal base, and the scope of application. Only the marginal weaknesses are seen in the monitoring. The scientific and empirical basis for assessment was judged to stand moderately strengthened during the last five years. The performance of key activities is more than satisfactory. A majority of Rwandan EIA stages are good and excellent to some extent. Originality/value This paper identifies some of the constraints and challenges faced by the Rwandan EIA practitioners. It will contribute to an understanding of EIA practice and robust practices across the globe.
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REN, XIN. "IMPLEMENTATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT IN CHINA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 15, no. 03 (September 2013): 1350009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333213500099.
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The paper describes major developments of environmental impact assessment (EIA) in China since 2003 when its EIA law became effective, with emphasis on those aspects not sufficiently touched upon by most researchers so far. These range from threshold-based categorization, evolution in scoping, expansion and upgrading of a series of technical guidelines for EIA, addition of water and soil conservation plan to EIA, public consultation and social impact assessment to interaction with other major means of environmental management in China (i.e. total pollution load control, discharge permit and cleaner production). Based on a literature review, exchanges with EIA practitioners and the author's daily work on EIA, it is found that EIA in China has evolved into a fairly comprehensive and technically adequate system. The biggest problem lies in its poor enforcement and implementation, which is the focus of this paper. By examining each practical step in reviewing, enforcing and implementing EIA, the paper evaluates EIA's role in optimizing decision-making (e.g. by alternative analysis), EIA implementation and its supervision piloted in China, underlying technical, procedural and institutional issues and concerns, and the disconnect between project EIA and plan/regional EIA, both with regards to theory and practice. The main reasons for weak EIA enforcement and implementation are discussed, which include the political system and incentive mechanisms, institutional arrangements, and regulatory and methodological shortcomings. Based on the analysis, recommendations are made for improving enforcement and implementation of EIA in China.
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Thomas, Ian. "Imbibing Wisdom of Environmental Impact Assessment." Australian Journal of Environmental Education 8 (1992): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0814062600003293.
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The background to the development of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and the resulting techniques and procedures, or legislation, have been presented by many authors; for example, Canter (1977), Munn (1975), Porter (1985) and Thomas (1987). During the past decade many people have become involved in the practice of EIA, but how they have been trained for this involvement is not well documented. To contribute to the documentation, I will explain the development of a module which can be adapted to suit the time available for the coverage of EIA, and the varying capabilities of undergraduate and post graduate students enrolled in environmental engineering/ management/ planning/ policy/ science/ studies courses.Following sections examine, firstly the relationship between the objectives of EIA and those of the module, which I will refer to as Environmental Assessment. Next the constraints which influence the form of the subject, and the range of possible training techniques are discussed. Finally, the details of Environmental Assessment's structure are presented along with some comments on its approach.
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Oude Elferink, Alex G. "Environmental Impact Assessment in Areas beyond National Jurisdiction." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 2 (2012): 449–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180812x636598.
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Abstract Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has become widely accepted as an indispensable instrument to manage and control negative impacts of human activities on the environment. The present report analyzes the general legal framework for EIA in maritime areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) and also considers the regime for assessments in respect of specific activities in ABNJ. The report concludes that these existing frameworks will have to be taken into account if it were to be decided to develop a global instrument on EIA for all activities in ABNJ. The report provides a number of suggestions to move the current international debate on EIA in ABNJ forward.
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NITZ, TRACEY, and IAN HOLLAND. "DOES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FACILITATE ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ACTIVITIES?" Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 02, no. 01 (March 2000): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333200000035.
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The aim of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to ensure effective environmental management outcomes for development projects. Some argue it has failed to achieve this, because environmental management activities are not properly planned in the EIA process. The extent of this problem is largely unknown, due to a lack of empirical evidence. This paper presents the results of research investigating environmental management planning within EIA in the state of Queensland, Australia. The study examined environmental management commitments within 285 environmental impact statements (EISs). The majority of the EISs contained environmental monitoring and mitigation commitments and more than half identified corrective actions. This suggests that EIA facilitated environmental management within some developments. Nevertheless, many environmental management activities were not addressed in EISs, even when specifically requested. Trends in environmental management planning over time revealed dramatic improvements. These appeared to have resulted from an increase in government requirements for, and the provision of guidelines to assist, environmental management planning. These findings suggest improved environmental management must be facilitated by government agencies, rather than relying upon industry innovation.
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Harker, Karly J., Lauren Arnold, Ira J. Sutherland, and Sarah E. Gergel. "Perspectives from landscape ecology can improve environmental impact assessment." FACETS 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 358–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/facets-2020-0049.
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The outcomes of environmental impact assessment (EIA) influence millions of hectares of land and can be a contentious process. A vital aspect of an EIA process is consideration of the accumulation of impacts from multiple activities and stressors through a cumulative effects assessment (CEA). An opportunity exists to improve the rigor and utility of CEA and EIA by incorporating core scientific principles of landscape ecology into EIA. With examples from a Canadian context, we explore realistic hypothetical situations demonstrating how integration of core scientific principles could impact EIA outcomes. First, we demonstrate how changing the spatial extent of EIA boundaries can misrepresent cumulative impacts via the exclusion or inclusion of surrounding natural resource development projects. Second, we use network analysis to show how even a seemingly small, localized development project can disrupt regional habitat connectivity. Lastly, we explore the benefits of using long-term historical remote sensing products. Because these approaches are straightforward to implement using publicly available data, they provide sensible opportunities to improve EIA and enhance the monitoring of natural resource development activities in Canada and elsewhere.
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Rodriguez, Esther Garcia. "Environmental Impact Assessment in Spain: A Critical Review." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 8, Issue 8/9 (August 1, 1999): 234–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1999037.
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Spanish environmental legislation and the implementation of Directives 85/337/EEC and 97/11/ EC on environmental impact assessment (EIA); an analysis of the main factors that influence the effectiveness of EIA in Spain, those factors being characterised as either internal (that is, inherent in legislation) or external, that is, other factors, which can vary from political to social issues. A comparison between the theory and the practice; and an assessment of the likely efficacy of the amended EIA Directive in Spain. Conclusion that certain failings are caused by failings in the text of the EIA Directive itself; although certain national legislative mechanisms in Spain have gone beyond the terms of the Directive, EIA in Spain is a politicised and arbitrary process and legislation is not usually respected, leading to a high proportion of unsatisfactory EIA and irregular implementation.
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Evcimen, Oltan. "Reflections on the Environmental Impact Assessment Processes in Turkey." European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies 6, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejms.v6i1.p51-56.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process is a procedure that the environmental impacts of decisions on people, fauna and flora, soil, weather, climate, land, cultural heritage, etc. are taken into account before the decisions are made. Moreover, the EIA process has gradually been evolved to cover social aspects. However, Turkish legislation and implementation of EIA process seem to have significant problems when it comes to assessment of decisions on social aspects. This article will offer a critical account on the EIA process in Turkey with regard to the analysis of social impacts. The study will especially focus on whether the EIA reports in Turkey deal with the medium and long-term social impacts of the decisions in real terms and whether these reports have practical benefits in decision making processes. Moreover, the author will specifically ask whether EIA reports in Turkey assess the investments in terms of usefulness and sustainability. The main argument in this study is that those significant merits of the EIA process directly depend on the strength, efficiency and applicability of democratic participation mechanisms.
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Li, Xu, Zhi Zhen Xu, Yong Tao Qiu, Jin Yan Qi, and Shi Chuan Tang. "Application of GIS Technique in Environmental Impact Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 831–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.831.
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The characteristics and function of geographic information system (GIS) technique were summarized and the advantages of GIS application in environmental impact assessment (EIA) were introduced. GIS can provide good function of information technology for EIA, based on its strong ability on processing spatial data and attribute data. The applications of GIS in establishing environmental information database, selecting sites for projects, making environmental thematic map and combining with environmental model to predict environmental impact were introduced. The traffic noise prediction of Beijing Xiwai Street west extension project in EIA report was taken as an example to introduce GIS application in urban road EIA.
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Abdullateef Abdullahi Ibrahim, Abbas Sani, Ali Mustapha Gado, Muhammad Abdullahi Ibrahim, Mustapha Said Sulaiman, and Idris Umar Zungum. "Environmental impact assessment in Nigeria- A review." World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 330–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2020.8.3.0487.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is an essential tool used for decision making in a developmental projects as well as a systematic process to identify, predict and evaluate the environmental effects of the proposed actions and projects; the process is applied prior to major decisions and commitments being made. This paper makes a systematic review of the challenges relating to the application of Environmental Impact Assessment in Nigeria, in order to achieve sustainable development. The present review describes the laws, basic principles, procedures, sustainability and impact of EIA on biological aspect, meanwhile the paper also emphases on the constraints of EIA in Nigeria.
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Al-Fatlawi, Suad, Mustafa Ibadi, Steve Goodhew, and Wei Pan. "An Evaluation of the Environmental Impact Assessment Process in Iraq." International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning 17, no. 07 (November 30, 2022): 2089–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170709.
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is becoming more prevalent. However, compared to many jurisdictions in developed countries, the Middle East countries, including Iraq, have been relatively late in introducing and developing their environmental impact assessment systems. The Iraqi Protection and Improvement of the Environment Law of 2009 improved the EIA procedure established in 1997. Nonetheless, the current technique has severe drawbacks. The purpose of this study is to assess Iraq's present EIA system. The evaluation was carried out using a simple conceptual model created to meet the goal. The performance of the EIA process in Iraq is evaluated, and a list of recommendations for further enhancing the Iraqi EIA system is developed by key interviews. The findings show that Iraq's current EIA system fulfills seven of the fourteen assessment criteria developed and applied for this study's evaluation, partially meets four, and fails to satisfy three. This study aims to strengthen Iraq's EIA process by making recommendations such as allocating adequate funds for the EIA process, particularly for the Iraqi government's monitoring of environmental regulations, and providing capacity building and EIA training to individuals involved in the EIA process. These recommendations might help to enhance the EIA process and make it more accessible to developing countries. The results provide a national basis for analyzing EIA and should help other developing countries create, evaluate, and review EIA.
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Sheate, W. R., and J. Romanillos Palerm. "Environmental Impact Assessment in the Czech Republic and Romania." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 5, Issue 1 (January 1, 1996): 15–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1996003.
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The Czech Republic and Romania present two very different levels of development of environmental impact assessment ( EIA ) , even though both countries gained their independence in the same year (1989) and both have aspirations to join the European Union (EU). This article examines the various driving forces for EIA legislation, analyses the different EIA concepts and identifies the strengths and weaknesses of the two regimes. While the Czech Republic introduced an EIA Act in 1992 (based mainly on the EC Directive 851337jEEC), Romania has yet to draft any ElA-specific legislation. Furthermore, the concept of EIA in Romania is very different to that in the Czech Republic and the EU. While all indicators suggest that the Romanian EIA system is ineffective, little research has so far been carried out to verify this. The Czech Republic, by contrast, shares many weaknesses of its EIA system with those of EU countries. Both share common problems of many Central and Eastern European countries, including low or variable public environmental awareness, an immature NGO movement (but gaining in strength and experience), a history of minimal public involvement in decision-making, and internal conflicts within government which inhibit the development of EIA and wider environmental legislation.
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NISHIKIZAWA, SHIGEO. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT RESEARCH IN JAPAN: RETROSPECTIVE AND PROSPECTIVE." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 17, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333215500131.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) research have been performed in a wide range of topics over 40 years in Japan. The study underlying this paper reviewed the achievement of Japanese EIA research through the academic database survey and identified which areas would be required for future EIA research. As a result, whilst there are only 30–50 EIAs conducted per year under EIA Act and genuine SEA is currently not practiced, there is a noticeable research interest with over 30 associated research papers published in the professional Japanese literature every year on average. Most of EIA articles could be classified into five groups; (a) systems and laws, (b) methods, (c) Theme-oriented Studies, (d) Sector-oriented Studies and (e) Case Studies. The following three main areas were identified for future EIA research; (1) studies on pro-active sound decision making for sustainability; (2) effectiveness of EIA from a proponent's viewpoint, leading to enhance public acceptance, for example; and (3) substantive and methodological aspects, including the use of both quantitative and qualitative evaluation methods.
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Humboldt-Dachroeden, Fischer-Bonde, and Gulis. "Analysis of Health in Environmental Assessments—A Literature Review and Survey with a Focus on Denmark." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 22 (November 18, 2019): 4570. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16224570.
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In the European Union, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Directive (2014/52/EU) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Directive (2011/92/EU) emphasise the assessment of population and human health. The directives require health to be considered within Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). To date, health is mainly considered in connection with negative environmental factors and in terms of risk assessments. The integration of health in EIA as well as SEA has not been investigated in a Danish context, and this study aims to address the missing knowledge. There is a need for a more comprehensive health assessment within EIA and SEA to comply with the EIA and SEA directives. An integration of health into EIA and SEA will ensure a sound examination of health determinants which can improve decision making and thus comprehensively promote and protect health. To establish the status of the inclusion of the assessment of impacts on health into EIA and SEA, a literature review was performed. In addition, a survey addressed to researchers and practitioners was conducted and analysed through a comparative analysis. The survey examined the needs of practitioners and researchers, focusing on the Danish context, regarding the inclusion of health into EIA and SEA. Enhanced intersectoral cooperation of the health and environmental sectors, more specific guidance documents, and underlying this, stronger political support, were identified among needs for more comprehensive health assessments.
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DAGILIŪTĖ, Renata, and Gintarė JUOZAPAITIENĖ. "SOCIO-ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: EXPERIENCE AND CHALLENGES IN LITHUANIA." JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING AND LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT 23, no. 3 (September 29, 2015): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2015.1002842.
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In 2011, the Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Law amendment was approved and a socio-economic assessment formally became an integrated part of EIA in Lithuania. Therefore, this study examines a socio-economic assessment in the environmental impact statements (EIS) and the perceptions of the EIA experts towards a socio economic assessment. Although formally a socio-economic assessment has been validated only recently, 30% of specialists claimed having conducted a socio-economic assessment in detail prior to the amendments to the law. Thus, the EIS analysis has shown a rather poor consideration of these issues as mainly creation of work places was addressed. The survey has shown that preparation of the EIA documents after the formalisation of a socio-economic assessment would change mainly nominally. The EIA experts working in the private sector were more optimistic than those from state institutions. Reluctance of changes and personal attitudes have to be addressed, especially those particular to the experts of state institutions. In addition, methodological guidance, integrative approach and public involvement into the decision-making process could change the current situation and increase the effectiveness of the EIA process and the social impact assessment in general.
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ZHU, TAN, JING WU, and I.-SHIN CHANG. "REQUIREMENTS FOR STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT IN CHINA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 07, no. 01 (March 2005): 81–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333205001906.
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The Environmental Impact Assessment Law (EIA Law) of the People's Republic of China was adopted on 28 October 2002. It is the most progressive legislation addressing environmental issues in China to be developed over the past decade. The new EIA Law explicitly states that environmental impact assessment (EIA) is required for both new construction projects and plans. The types of plans covered by the new EIA Law include: (1) integrated plans for land use and regional development, development of drainage areas and marine areas; (2) specific plans for industry, agriculture, animal husbandry, forestry, energy, water management, transportation, urban construction, tourism and the development of natural resources. EIA for construction projects has been implemented in China for more than 20 years. Through this new EIA Law, the legal status of EIA for construction projects has been elevated from administrative legislation to State Law. EIA for plans is a type of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) where the concept of SEA is for the first time being advocated by the State at this level. This paper emphasises the legal requirements of SEA set forth by this new EIA Law, such as major purposes, key elements and procedures of EIA for plans.
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Warner, Robin. "Oceans beyond Boundaries: Environmental Assessment Frameworks." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 27, no. 2 (2012): 481–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157180812x631070.
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Abstract The obligation to conduct environmental impact assessment (EIA) of activities with the potential for significant impact on the marine environment within and beyond national jurisdiction has attained customary international law status. The related but broader process of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is also applied to plans, policies and programmes with the potential for significant impact on the marine environment in many national jurisdictions and in a transboundary context. The application of EIA and SEA for activities with the potential for significant impact on marine areas beyond national jurisdiction (ABNJ) has been much more ad hoc. This commentary reviews the initiatives being taken by the international community to develop a more comprehensive legal and institutional framework for EIA and SEA of activities affecting ABNJ. It examines the role of sectoral environmental assessment in ABNJ, as well as the potential role of global guidelines for EIA and SEA of activities affecting ABNJ.
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PÕDER, TÕNIS, and TIIT LUKKI. "INVOLVED PARTIES' CONTENTMENT WITH ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SYSTEM IN ESTONIA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 11, no. 03 (September 2009): 331–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333209003397.
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Besides other approaches, interviewing main actors (decision-makers, consultants, developers) can provide valuable information about their subjective attitude as well as indicate probable weak areas and help in formulation of strategy for further research and EIA system development. This paper considers results of the survey conducted in Estonia in early 2008 as a part of national EIA system analysis. The survey covered main actors' contentment with different aspects such as EIA legislation, public participation, EIA outcomes, experts' qualification and impartiality, etc. As evidenced by what they have pointed out, the EIA system leaves much to be desired. All actors seemed to be worried about the low effectiveness of EIA. Deficiencies in public participation were also brought forward. Decision-makers trusted consultants' qualifications, but many of them felt that consultants were biased. However, the obtained results did not indicate any correlation between expert bias and contentment with EIA outcomes, perceived by decision-makers.
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Varis, Olli. "Water quality models: Typologies for environmental impact assessment." Water Science and Technology 34, no. 12 (December 1, 1996): 109–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1996.0315.
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Much of the practical use of water quality models is related to Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). There is a boom of released EIA guidelines from various institutions, typically with little reference to specific methodologies. This paper presents a discussion on the applicability of various water quality modelling approaches for use in different phases of an EIA protocol. The criteria used include the project cycle process, decision types, scales of impact and paradigms and cognitive styles of problem solving. Illustration is given with a selection of approaches used in a range of natural, socio-economic and institutional settings.
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Jolly, Stellina, and Siddharth Singh. "Environmental Impact Assessment Draft Notification 2020, India: A Critique." Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 5, no. 1 (July 8, 2021): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340062.
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Abstract Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) is a systematic process to identify, predict, and evaluate the environmental effects of proposed actions and projects. Generally, an EIA is conducted before deciding to proceed with a specific project or activity. In India, the adoption of the Draft EIA Notification 2020 by the Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change has triggered several debates over its problematic implications. The Draft EIA Notification normalizes ex post facto clearance, which allows construction or operation of the project without a prior environmental clearance. It has significantly curtailed the scope of public consultation and participation by the introduction of a large number of exemptions for projects. Further, it is silent over the project’s transboundary impacts and exempts projects within 100 km of the border areas from public consultation. Thus, the Draft EIA Notification violates the environmental law principles provided under domestic and international laws by restricting adequate scrutiny of projects. The article critically evaluates the three significant dilutions that have threatened the effectiveness of the Draft EIA Notification including ex post facto clearance, public consultation, and the exemption granted to transboundary projects, and emphasizes its need for reconsideration before the publication of the final Notification.
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RETIEF, FRANCOIS, and BENNETT CHABALALA. "THE COST OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) IN SOUTH AFRICA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 11, no. 01 (March 2009): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333209003257.
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The wide adoption of EIA internationally is implicitly or explicitly based on the assumption that the benefits of EIA outweigh the costs. However, there has been surprisingly little empirical research conducted on the "cost" of EIA. The latter has been mostly because of the difficult methodological challenges it presents, which include the difficulties associated with clarifying terminology and disentangling what is meant by "cost". South Africa has been a leading developing country in terms of the introduction of EIA. However, almost a decade of mandatory EIA practice has raised serious questions about unjustified and unnecessary time delays and monetary costs and a desperate need for improved efficiency and effectiveness. In light of the latter the urgent need to gain a better understanding of the "cost" of EIA is evident. This paper presents preliminary results of an empirical study on the "direct EIA cost" in relation to "overall project cost" in South Africa. The data was obtained from a detailed survey of 148 EIAs conducted in the Free State, North West and the Northern Cape Provinces. The research suggests that the average direct cost of EIA within this region of South Africa is particularly low compared to international EIA systems. However, as a percentage of total project cost, EIA in South Africa compares with the higher spectrum of international practice. The latter suggests that within the South African context a large number of EIAs are being conducted for relatively small scale projects and that the main cost burden is placed on small and medium economic enterprise. In conclusion the overall profile of EIA cost in the South African context is described in relation to four broad project categories. To take the debate forward and to allow for regional comparative analysis, it is proposed that the research be expanded to include other provinces.
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ALEMAGI, DIEUDONNE, VENAN A. SONDO, and JÜRGEN ERTEL. "CONSTRAINTS TO ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT PRACTICE: A CASE STUDY OF CAMEROON." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 09, no. 03 (September 2007): 357–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333207002809.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practice in Cameroon has been plagued with many constraints especially from the infrastructure and EIA resource perspective. The present legal and procedural disposition vis-à-vis EIA in Cameroon is monumental and manifest some clarity of exposition with regards to the practical and fundamental steps for EIA practice in the country. However, a number of impediments still prevail that deter the full efficiency of this legislation. In search for explanations to this trend, this study was conducted to examine the current framework governing EIA in Cameroon implemented in February 2005. Content analysis and interviews with stakeholders in the EIA process were undertaken to identify key barriers associated with EIA practice in Cameroon. The paper maintains that inadequate baseline data, procedural flaws in scoping, exorbitant administrative fees, absence of an appeal procedure, unclear proviso, incompetent personnel and over centralisation of EIA powers are key barriers that appear to impede a healthy EIA practice in Cameroon. In conclusion, it is submitted that for a robust EIA practice to prevail in Cameroon, there is an urgent need for a great deal of focus on the recommendations prescribed within the context of the paper.
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FISCHER, THOMAS B., URMILA JHA-THAKUR, and SAMUEL HAYES. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT AND STRATEGIC ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT RESEARCH IN THE UK." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 17, no. 01 (March 2015): 1550016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333215500167.
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In this paper we briefly review the state of academic research in the UK in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA). Through consideration of the number of articles related to EIA and SEA published in academic journals and the contribution of post-graduate students' (PhD and master level) dissertation theses we aim to understand where activity has occurred in the field over recent decades. Simple literature and database searches reveal that the UK is an active environment for researchers and students in the field with numerous universities engaged in research and teaching (although not always both activities). However, we have also collected evidence to suggest that research funding is lacking and that there is variation over time in the number and scale of research projects being funded in the UK.
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Bhatia, Rajiv, and Aaron Wernham. "Integrating human health into environmental impact assessment: an unrealized opportunity for environmental health and justice." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 14, no. 4 (August 2009): 1159–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-81232009000400022.
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The National Environmental Policy Act and related state laws require many public agencies to analyze and disclose potentially significant environmental effects of agency actions, including effects on human health. In this paper we review the purpose and procedures of environmental impact assessment (EIA), existing regulatory requirements for health effects analysis, and potential barriers to and opportunities for improving integration of human health concerns within the EIA process. We use statutes, regulations, guidelines, court opinions, and empirical research on EIA along with recent case examples of integrated health impact assessment (HIA)/EIA at both the state and federal level. We extract lessons and recommendations for integrated HIA/EIA practice from both existing practices as well as case studies. The case studies demonstrate the adequacy, scope, and power of existing statutory requirements for health analysis within EIA. The following support the success of integrated HIA/EIA: a proponent recognizing EIA as an available regulatory strategy for public health; the openness of the agency conducting the EIA; involvement of public health institutions; and complementary objectives among community stakeholders and health practitioners. We recommend greater collaboration among institutions responsible for EIA, public health institutions, and affected stakeholders along with guidance, resources, and training for integrated HIA/EIA practice.
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Ho, Daniel Tang Kuok. "A Case Study Of The Environmental Impact Assessment Legislations In Sarawak, Malaysia." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 6, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v6i2.273.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planning tool used to identify, predict, evaluate and mitigate the environmental effects of development projects. In Sarawak, EIA is governed by the both the State and the Federal EIA Orders. This leads to ambivalence in determining the legislation under which a prescribed activity demanding an EIA falls. This case study aims to investigate the implications associated with the coexistence of both EIA Orders in the state of Sarawak from the viewpoints of practicing environmental consultants. The case study reviews the EIA legislations governing EIA practices in the State and includes a qualitative survey involving practicing EIA consultants to gather feedback on the implications associated with the EIA practices and recommendations to resolve the problems identified. The study shows that even though a prescribed activity is defined by the EIA legislations, different stages of the prescribed activity eventually become prescribed activities on their own, which demand fulfillment of different EIA legislation. Unclear demarcation of EIA jurisdiction and different requirements on the scope of an EIA particularly for earthworks also contribute to doubts among environmental consultants interviewed. Consultation, involvement and effective communication with environmental protection as priority are crucial to minimize any uncertainty resulted from co-implementation of both the EIA legislations. Future study can look into comparing perceptions on the effectiveness of the State and the Federal EIA legislations. The case study delves into a crucial issue related to EIA practices in Sarawak, Malaysia which has persisted without being formally addressed in any previous studies.
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Ho, Daniel Tang Kuok. "A Case Study Of The Environmental Impact Assessment Legislations In Sarawak, Malaysia." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 7, no. 1 (May 25, 2020): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v7i1.273.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is a planning tool used to identify, predict, evaluate and mitigate the environmental effects of development projects. In Sarawak, EIA is governed by the both the State and the Federal EIA Orders. This leads to ambivalence in determining the legislation under which a prescribed activity demanding an EIA falls. This case study aims to investigate the implications associated with the coexistence of both EIA Orders in the state of Sarawak from the viewpoints of practicing environmental consultants. The case study reviews the EIA legislations governing EIA practices in the State and includes a qualitative survey involving practicing EIA consultants to gather feedback on the implications associated with the EIA practices and recommendations to resolve the problems identified. The study shows that even though a prescribed activity is defined by the EIA legislations, different stages of the prescribed activity eventually become prescribed activities on their own, which demand fulfillment of different EIA legislation. Unclear demarcation of EIA jurisdiction and different requirements on the scope of an EIA particularly for earthworks also contribute to doubts among environmental consultants interviewed. Consultation, involvement and effective communication with environmental protection as priority are crucial to minimize any uncertainty resulted from co-implementation of both the EIA legislations. Future study can look into comparing perceptions on the effectiveness of the State and the Federal EIA legislations. The case study delves into a crucial issue related to EIA practices in Sarawak, Malaysia which has persisted without being formally addressed in any previous studies.
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Mwanga, Elia. "Tanzanian Environmental Impact Assessment Laws and Practice for Projects in World Heritage Sites." Journal of Environment & Development 31, no. 1 (February 10, 2022): 88–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10704965211073587.
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Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is an integral component of sound decision-making. Environmental impact assessment helps to prevent or reduce environmental harms by informing the decision-makers the likely environmental impacts of intended project, its alternatives and/or mitigation measures before the implementation starts. This study examines the effectiveness of Tanzania EIA laws and related practice on the protection of Outstanding Universal Value (OUV) of the world heritage sites during implementation of development projects. The study used data obtained from government officials, policies, laws and reports; United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization and World Heritage Committee reports; and scholarly works. The study demonstrates that Tanzania EIA laws are inadequate to ensure effective protection of OUV of world heritage sites against harms caused by development projects. The laws do not guarantee effective and broader participation of stakeholders and inclusion of heritage impact assessment in EIA study. The study, therefore, recommends for reform of EIA laws and institutions responsible for supervising EIA.
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YANG, SHANSHAN. "PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN THE CHINESE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (EIA) SYSTEM." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 10, no. 01 (March 2008): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333208002932.
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This article was initiated by findings that public participation in the Chinese Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) system has not been effectively carried out. The article first introduces the research rationale and theoretical basis. It then reviews and analyses public participation in the Chinese EIA system, including its history, legal and institutional requirements and problems. Thirdly it puts forward suggestions for promoting public participation in the Chinese EIA system taking into account Chinese legal requirements and international experience, including strengthening current legal requirements, adapting institutional arrangements, establishing guidelines and carrying out education programmes and training for public participation in EIA.
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Sheate, W. R. "Amending the EC Directive on Environmental Impact Assessment." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 4, Issue 3 (March 1, 1995): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/eelr1995018.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) has been the cornerstone of a preventive European Community (EC) environmental policy since the 1970s and successive Environmental Action Programmes. Agreement of the EIA Directive 8513371 EEC in 1985, with implementation required by July 1988, heralded, many hoped, a new era. While undoubtedly it has brought significant improvements in the provision of environmental information to decision-making, the recent review of the Directive has highlighted a number of problems and difficulties with implementation in Member States. Current proposals by the European Commission seek to remedy some of these, and include improved and early scoping and more consistent screening of projects requiring EIA. However, the prospect of even the Commission's modest proposals being accepted by the Council of Ministers is anything but a foregone conclusion. Welcome though they are, these amendments will do nothing to extend EZA to more strategic decision-making at policy, plan and programme level - strategic environmental assessment (SEA) - even though SEA is a central tenet of the Fifth Environmental Action Programme. A quarter of a century after the introduction of EIA and SEA in the US, the European Union is still struggling with the practical implications of one of its most important environmental policies.
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Ding, Feng, Wen Hao Zuo, and Xiao Hong Zhao. "Construction and Future Development of the Environmental Impact Assessment Forum in CHINA." Advanced Materials Research 962-965 (June 2014): 2001–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.962-965.2001.
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Accompanied by the establishment of environmental impact assessment law and the development and improvement of construction industry information in nearly a decade, network Forum has become an important information resource platform and information exchange manner for EIA workers. The China Environmental Impact Assessment Forum, which is hosted by the Appraisal Center for Environmental and Engineering of Ministry of Environmental Protection, is a professional forum focused on environmental impact assessment. It has more than 17,000 professional members in China, and has become one of the most influential EIA professional forums. In addition to the general technical forum features, the China EIA Forum also has its own characteristics in its content and form. This paper will discuss the content setting, technical characteristics and information resources utilization of the EIA Forum, combine with the role of the EIA Forum in construction and development of the EIA industry information. Then, we propose the future development orientation of the EIA Forum, and the major development tasks and work contents.
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Alberts, Reece Cronje, Francois Pieter Retief, Dirk Petrus Cilliers, Claudine Roos, and Morgan Hauptfleisch. "Environmental impact assessment (EIA) effectiveness in protected areas." Impact Assessment and Project Appraisal 39, no. 4 (April 2, 2021): 290–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14615517.2021.1904377.
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Saarikoski, Heli. "Environmental impact assessment (EIA) as collaborative learning process." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 20, no. 6 (December 2000): 681–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0195-9255(00)00059-7.
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Seetha Ram, Katakam Venkata, and S. R. Apurva. "India’s new Environmental Impact Assessment (2020) draft notification: futuristic or retrograde?" IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1086, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1086/1/012032.
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Abstract Environmental impact assessment (EIA) is defined as the study to predict the outcome or the result of a proposed project on the environment. EIA is a resolution making tool as it suggests various options from the environment pollution point view from which an environment friendly one can be selected. Spread over four stages from screening, scoping, public consultation to the final approval EIA plays an important role for the decision makers for accepting or rejecting the development projects. In India the first EIA was notified in 1994 and was subsequently expanded in 2006. Recently in 2020 the Government released a new EIA draft which it claimed takes care of amendments and judgments related to the topic and invited suggestions from the stake holders. However, the new policy drew protests from many stake holders and environment experts who claim that the new draft dilutes the existing EIA process. This article looks critically into the contentious provisions of the new draft and suggests the way ahead.
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Hasan, Irteja, Milton Shaha, Md Shafiqul Islam, Md Sirajul Islam, Md Solayman, Miraz Hossen, and Md Humayun Kabir. "Environmental Impact Assessment: Integrated Evaluation of Bridge Construction Project in Bangladesh." International Journal of Advanced Geosciences 6, no. 1 (June 5, 2018): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijag.v6i1.11633.
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Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) may provide a mechanism for executing sustainable development and it is also becoming a very significance revision before authorizing of any project plan. EIA helps to decision making process whether the project is beneficial or harmful effects for the environment. Both on site and off site environmental impacts can be reduced through undertaking EIA for any bridge construction activities. This paper mainly concentrates on to find out potential environmental impact during the construction, operation and maintenance phase of the project using different matrix method. It also finds out the effective mitigation measures of the adverse impacts that will be helpful for the surrounding environment. Primary data were collected from field survey, focus group discussion. Most of the impacts and other consequences are identified based on public perception and the interview of the key personnel’s. Secondary data were also collected for conducting the research. The study found that the bridge is connecting three regions (Bauphal, Patuakhali and Barisal) and it will be a great achievement for the local coastal community. This new bridge project will not only increase the communication facilities but also other facilities such as economic flow, medical facilities etc. The EIA study founds some major negative Impacts such as loss of land and resettlement, loss of aquatic habitat, loss of local trees varieties, loss of agricultural lands, loss of vegetation, potential impact on ecological resources, impact on fish migration etc. But analyzing the overall impact of the environment, the EIA study found that that the possible negative impact is not so high and the project can be implemented. Different environmental management plans are suggested for reducing the potential negative impact of the bridge construction project.
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Chen, Dong Qin. "Application of Gis in Environmental Impact Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 4855–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.4855.
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This paper Based on the composition, types, functions and applications in the field of geographic information systems, analyzes the advantages of GIS technology in environmental impact assessment. From the project environmental impact assessment (EIA) of the limitations of departure, outlining the current status of the EIA study, while an overview of the geographic information system (GIS) functionality and applications, focusing on the status of the application of environmental impact assessment in the field of geographic information systems Necessity and Prospect. And use some of the existing management and analysis of environmental monitoring information system based on GIS examples further illustrate the application of GIS in Environmental Monitoring Data Management Analysis, give full play to the advantages of GIS spatial information processing and comprehensive analysis of expression, making the environmental monitoring data more effective.
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BADR, EL-SAYED A., MATTHEW CASHMORE, and DICK COBB. "THE CONSIDERATION OF IMPACTS UPON THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT STATEMENTS IN ENGLAND AND WALES." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 06, no. 01 (March 2004): 19–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333204001572.
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Considerable research has been undertaken on the quality of Environmental Impact Statements as an indicator, albeit superficial, of the effectiveness of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) practices. Yet there remains a paucity of empirical data on practices at the more detailed level (e.g., for the consideration of certain environmental components and stages of the EIA process), despite the importance of such analyses for the development of grounded measures for enhancing effectiveness. This study contributes to the development of a detailed empirical understanding of EIA practices by examining analyses of impacts upon the aquatic environment (Water Impact Assessment (WIA)) for a sample of 50 development proposals in England and Wales. The research results indicate that WIA practices have improved over time, but a significant proportion of assessments remain unsatisfactory, and the quality of core elements of WIA (e.g., the consideration of alternatives and impact prediction) is particularly problematic. It is suggested that changes made to the EU EIA legislation have not significantly affected WIA practices in England and Wales. However, practices are not as problematic as research indicates is the case for ecological, socio-economic and cumulative impact assessments. Further strengthening the legislative provisions for EIA would partially address a number of specific problems (e.g., inadequate scoping and provision for monitoring). Nevertheless, a comprehensive and concerted strategy for enhancing effectiveness will be required if WIA is fulfil its potential for contributing to the management maxim of sustainable development.
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Ceylan, Hakan. "Environmental impact assesment regulation applications and their analysis in Turkey." Open Chemistry 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/chem-2022-0125.
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Abstract Since the 1970s, the environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been employed as an environmental management tool to minimize or prevent the potential environmental impacts caused. Its use in Turkey was mandated from February 7, 1993. An EIA, which is of particular concern to the mining sector, is implemented in many sectors. In this study, after providing brief information about the EIA regulation, an analysis has been done by determining the status of mining activities in EIA applications. In conclusion, mining has comprised 31% share of EIA-required activities since 1993, when EIA regulation took effect in Turkey. In addition, it was learned that 16% of the applications related to mining activities were unable to get an EIA permit and could not launch their operation.
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U P, Silsilah, and Gandhimathi A. "Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) and Prediction Method: Case Study." Journal of Technical Education Science, no. 74 (January 16, 2023): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54644/jte.74.2023.1337.
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Environmental Impact Assessments (EIAs) identify or predict any potential problems in the Environment at the planning stage of proposed development projects, and concerns are addressed as the Project progresses. It is in progress. The recommendations made by the EIA may lead to the redesign of specific project components, require additional studies, and suggest mitigation measures that will alter the socio-economic viability of the Project or cause delays in project implementation [1]. The EIA's main objective is to identify significant impacts early in the project cycle so that recommendations can be incorporated into the design and cost-benefit analysis without causing substantial delays. Increase or increase design costs [1]. The EIA will lead the appropriate environmental monitoring and management planning mechanism when implementation commences. In the case of this study, the EIA method is applied to evaluate different ecological components such as physical and chemical parameters and biological and socioeconomic parameters of the project “Construction of the office complex".
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Qu, Guang Yi, Guo Zhu Mao, Yong Li Dai, Jiang Hong Guo, and Yao Wu Wang. "Preliminary Assessment on Environmental Impact of Mid-Long Term Railway Network Plan." Advanced Materials Research 183-185 (January 2011): 1250–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.183-185.1250.
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Based on characteristics of environmental impact of railway construction projects, the paper drew on experience of environmental impact assessment (EIA) projects, carried out preliminary EIA on China's mid-long term railway network plan from macro perspective according to planning requirements, and discussed the key points of EIA on guiding special planning.
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Rybaczewska-Blażejowska, Magdalena, and Dmitry Palekhov. "Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): principles and practical implications for industrial projects." Management 22, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): 138–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/manment-2018-0010.
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Summary Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) in Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA): principles and practical implications for industrial projects This article discusses the theoretical and practical aspects of the application of the life cycle assessment (LCA) technique in the environmental impact assessment (EIA) process. LCA enables to consider the environmental impacts of the whole production system, including upstream and downstream processes and to estimate their consequences already at the project planning stage. It was illustrated using the case study of the planned furniture production plant representing the industrial sector. The conventional simplified cradle-to-gate LCA analysis, using SimaPro software and the ReCiPe Endpoint method, was performed. It revealed that unlike the findings of EIA made with the support of traditional methods, not waste, airborne emissions and noise, but the particleboard and the fibreboard used by the planned furniture production plant have the most detrimental impact on the environment in all impact categories. The greatest damage it causes in the areas of protection of resources followed by ecosystems. The research proved high applicability of EIALCA approach for the evaluation of the environmental impacts of planned industrial projects.
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Singh Rajput, Vikram, Santosh Kumar Sar, Shweta Singh, and Vijita Diwan. "Environmental impact assessment of proposed NH-6 of Chhattisgarh." Journal of Applied and Advanced Research 2, no. 2 (April 11, 2017): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.21839/jaar.2017.v2i2.60.
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NH 6 is the national highway which connects Mumbai to Kolkata. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process for the proposed NH 6 Toll Road project has been undertaken in accordance with the EIA Regulations. Proposed project road connecting the villages and towns by providing better quality and safe roads to the users in a sustainable and environment friendly manner. Government of India (GoI) through Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF) enforces Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 for environmental protection because of intervention of new projects or activities, or on expansion and modernization of existing projects or activity based on their environmental impacts.
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APPIAH, DIVINE ODAME, and BALIKISU OSMAN. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT: INSIGHTS FROM MINING COMMUNITIES IN GHANA." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 16, no. 04 (December 2014): 1450031. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333214500318.
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The object of this paper is to ascertain the level of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) compliance of mining companies in selected mining communities in Ghana. Over the past three decades, Ghana has demonstrated considerable commitment to the conservation and management of bio-physical and socio-cultural environment. Laws and regulations have been enacted to monitor and ensure compliance for sound environmental management by mining companies. Contextually, this paper examines how communities affected by large-scale mining perceive EIA compliance and their expected role in the design and implementation of the process. The paper opines that despite the excellent environmental regulations in place, the level of enforcement and compliance has not been satisfactory. This is partly due to the neglect of priority issues affecting local communities during the processes of EIA. A higher commitment to the involvement of all stakeholders, particularly the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in environmental decision making in mining communities is highly recommended.
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Kumar Dara, Prem, T. Byragi Reddy, and Ketema Tilahun Gelaye. "PUBLIC PARTICIPATION IN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT-LEGAL FRAMEWORK." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 270–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.1858.
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Development is a continuous process and is essential to enable the population to attain a better standard of life. But it should not be at the cost of the environment. The challenge of a development pattern striving to harmonize economics with social and environmental need requires active citizen participation in public issues. Involvement of the public is one of the fundamental principles of a successful EIA process. It not only provides an opportunity to those directly affected by a project to express their views on the environmental and social impacts of the proposal but also brings about transparency in the environmental clearance system. This paper focuses on public participation in EIA and its legal frame work.
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Chang, An Pi, Chien Cheng Chou, Jyh Dong Lin, and Chen Yu Hsu. "Road Construction Project Environmental Impact Assessment Scope Definition Using Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI)." Advanced Materials Research 723 (August 2013): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.723.885.
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This research focuses on the study of Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) for the new engineering development project of Suao-Hualian Section along the Eastern Freeway. The Project Definition Rating Index (PDRI) Mode is the quantitative assessment method developed by Americas Construction Industry Institute (CII), which is the EIA operation by incorporating PDRI in the road construction. The EIA-PDRI mode is mainly established according to the EIA related laws currently practiced in Taiwan and relevant expert questionnaires. Under such configuration, the Vector Weighing Method is based for setting up the weight between the Section, Category and Element. The verification result of this Research supports that the EIA-PDRI Assessment Mode can help set the preliminary scope of the project development while enhancing the EIA performance.
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Phothiruk, Darika. "Legal Problems of Environmental Impact Assessment in Thailand Calling for Law Revision." Hasanuddin Law Review 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20956/halrev.v7i1.2702.
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The Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) is well-known and widely used as an essential tool for environmental management. Over the past 40 years, there have been problems and obstacles in law enforcement and prosecutions in many cases under the EIA laws related to national development projects in Thailand. For this reason, this article aims to present the results of a study of the legal measures on the EIA process in Thailand. This study was conducted through reviewing concepts and theories concerning the EIA and related laws both in Thailand and abroad. The main objective of this study was to analyze the condition of problems and obstacles caused by attempts made in the law enforcement. The importance of the study would result in revision of the laws related to the EIA process to achieve sustainable development goals.
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Craik, Neil. "THE DUTY TO COOPERATE IN THE CUSTOMARY LAW OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 69, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 239–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589319000459.
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AbstractThis article argues that the International Court of Justice's (ICJ) account of the customary law of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is incomplete. While acknowledging the role of the harm prevention principle in formulating the customary obligation to conduct EIAs, the ICJ has ignored the duty to cooperate, notwithstanding the latter duty's equally strong standing in international environmental law. Ignoring the duty to cooperate pushes the court towards a formal and sequential understanding of EIA, which undervalues the centrality of notice and consultation in EIA. In effect, viewed through the harm prevention lens alone, EIA is largely understood in instrumental and technical terms; whereas, if the duty to cooperate is brought back in, EIA's deliberative and ‘other-regarding’ nature is more clearly seen. This, in turn, recognises the normative and political role of EIA in structuring State interactions respecting environmental disputes.
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KØRNØV, LONE BOTIN, and PER CHRISTENSEN. "CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK PROJECTS ON THE BASIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT SCREENING." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 11, no. 02 (June 2009): 175–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333209003300.
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Growing pressures to increase animal production challenge the agricultural sector to identify technologies and solutions that will make livestock production environmentally sound. One mechanism which may assist the sector in meeting this challenge is Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA). On the basis of an evaluation of EIA screenings of Danish livestock, this article presents and discusses how EIA responds to the environmental challenge of intensive livestock projects. The analysis and discussion focus on the changes introduced in livestock projects as a result of the EIA screening process. Screening is normally used for deciding whether or not a project proposal requires an EIA. The article shows how screening also functions as a tool for changing livestock projects, thus being a regulatory instrument in its own right. The analysis of livestock EIA screenings shows that changes are initiated through a wide range of measures mitigating the environmental impacts of particular livestock projects. Fodder optimisation, cover crops, reduced animal pressure, change of crop rotation, repositioning of risk areas and changed design of animal houses are frequently applied measures. As a conclusion, EIA is identified as an important supplement to other regulatory instruments aiming at balancing the benefits and environmental costs of livestock production. However, the article also concludes that the systematic inspection of livestock projects needs to be improved in order to secure that the changes introduced through screening are also robust in character.
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Rathi, Arjun Kumar A. "Integration of the Standalone ‘Risk Assessment’ Section in Project Level Environmental Impact Assessment Reports for Value Addition: An Indian Case Analysis." Sustainability 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2023): 2296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15032296.
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Both environmental impact assessment (EIA) and risk assessment (RA) instituted some 50 years ago are interdisciplinary and decision-support tools and have analogies in their procedural steps. Environmental risk assessment could be employed as such or as complementary to EIA for environmental management. This study aims to examine how RA is dealt with in the EIA reports of greenfield projects. The investigation reveals that RA is treated as a standalone exercise and too inadequately in EIA studies. There is a lack of well-defined criteria and methodologies for RA in different contexts, evaluation of prediction uncertainties, residual risks, assimilating RA in EIA, regulatory framework to strengthen RA integration in EIA, objective review of RA by the competent authority, and EIA follow-up. Unambiguous terms of reference are proposed for RA in EIA under the prevailing regulation for immediate implementation. The duration and cost of preparing and reviewing EIA reports integrated with RA would increase but there would be more value addition to the EIA studies. Comprehensive EIA regulation, RA-related scoping, and institutional capacity building could help promote such integration that is crucial for assessing industrial and other anthropogenic calamities at the project development stage.
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Pramudianto, Andreas. "Life Cycle Analysis Methods on Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Procedures in the Perspective of Sustainable Development." E3S Web of Conferences 74 (2018): 11003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187411003.
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Basically each product or service has its own life cycle. Life Cycle Analysis Method can be used to assess the impact of an activity both production and service activities. Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) or Analisis Mengenai Dampak Lingkungan (AMDAL) is one of the activities that must be fulfilled in order to obtain an environmental permit. EIA activities have a life cycle process that needs to be known and understood so that environmental permits can be obtained. Therefore this study aims to find out the use of the LCA method in EIA procedures. In addition, with the LCA method, EIA activities are expected to be well studied according to the function of this service. LCA can provide to reduce the least impact from environmental damage. This research will be useful for the development of environmental science, especially related to the study of environmental impacts, especially EIA. It is expected that the results of the study will provide a complete picture of the relevance of the LCA method with EIA and the benefits that can be taken. The results of this study will be an important recommendation for decision makers regarding the importance of EIA in development, especially sustainable development through the method used, namely LCA.