Dissertations / Theses: 'ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MINING'

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Kim, Hyo-Sun. "Environmental impacts of mining on Green Valley, Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186992.

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The purpose of this dissertation is to estimate an empirical model of demand for environmental characteristics for the Green Valley community and to evaluate environmental impacts of mining on the community. Environmental impacts are estimated by two different methodologies: An hedonic price model for housing and a contingent valuation based upon a sample survey of Green Valley residents. Variables that serve as proxies for environmental characteristics in hedonic prices and willingness to pay equations are distance from mining complex and orientation of house (viewscape). These variables are proxies for environmental air quality and scenic quality. Inverse demand equations for environmental variables are derived from the hedonic and contingent valuation analysis. Using these demand relations, environmental impact of mining is estimated as the consumers surplus from environmental quality improvements in Green Valley. In this dissertatlon, consumer surplus is an approximation to the sum of individual surpluses, which allows for variations in specific levels of the specific variables across the individual household. Based upon the number of detached single family homes, the environmental impact of mining on the Green Valley community is estimated by the contingent valuation approach to be approximately $44,000,000 and by the hedonic price approach to be approximately $94,000,000. When impact is based upon total units (detached and nondetached), the environmental impact is estimated by contingent valuation to be approximately $88,000,000 and by the hedonic price approach to be approximately $191,000,000. Perhaps, these estimates bound the actual impact.

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Piekkari, M. (Markus). "Nitrogen in mining runoff waters of the Suhanko mining project:methods to reduce emissions and their environmental impacts." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201401151011.

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Most of the nitrogen load from a mine originates from nitrogen-containing explosives used in the mining that do not explode perfectly. Some of the chemicals in the enrichment process may also contain nitrogen and these compounds may dissolve in the process water. A certain amount of the dissolved explosive residues and process chemicals will be discharged in runoff and excess water into downstream water bodies, where the resulting increase in nutrients may cause eutrophication. The thesis first presents the Suhanko mine expansion project and its current situation. The literature review that follows then takes up several central themes. It begins with a description of the explosives generally used in rock blasting and their dissolving properties, noting that the water resistance of different explosives varies significantly. Next, the review presents the principles of open pit mining, the reasons of nitrogen emissions in blasting, and methods for reducing emissions. In this connection, the thesis provides an account of the techniques currently used for nitrogen removal in operating mines and the range of possible techniques. One objective of the research was to determine the nitrogen mass balance of the Suhanko mine when it is extended as planned. The estimates presented draw on calculations of the water balance for the project’s environmental impact assessment (EIA) as well as on the values in the literature for the proportion of undetonated explosives in mining. The consumption of explosives at Suhanko estimated in the thesis uses data from a pre-feasibility study of the project and from the EIA report. The calculations of nitrogen loads are based on monitoring data from an operating metal ore mine similar to that planned in Suhanko; for example, the reference mine uses the same types of explosives. The results indicate that most of the explosive residues at Suhanko will migrate to the waste rock stockpiling areas; the second largest proportion will end up in the concentrator plant in the extracted ore and recirculated drainage water; and the third most significant percentage will migrate to the stockpiling areas for low-grade ore. The results of the nitrogen balance calculations show that runoff waters from the waste rock stockpiling areas will contain a maximum of 11 mg N/l. The annual nitrogen load from the different waste rock areas will vary between 0.43 and 8.02 t. Excess mine water will be discharged from the flotation tailings pond into Takalampi Pond, and the annual nitrogen load from this operation under different water balance scenarios will vary from 17.6 to 74.3 t. The experimental part of the research studied the extent to which the peatland areas near the proposed waste rock areas might be suitable for wetland treatment of mine runoff water. The related fieldwork involved measuring in situ hydraulic conductivity and taking peat samples. The samples were analyzed to determine the degree of humification, water content and ash content of the peat, and a chemical characterization was performed as well. The slopes of the peatland areas with potential as treatment wetlands were estimated using laser scanning data from the Suhanko area and their surface areas were calculated based on the aerial photographs. In situ measurements indicated higher hydraulic conductivity in the uppers layer of the peatlands; the values decreased significantly below depths of 50 cm. The degree of humification varied at different depths: in the upper layers, the peat was generally weakly decomposed or undecomposed; in the deeper layers, it was more decomposed. For the most part of peatlands, the slopes are less than 10‰, but in some areas they exceed 25 ‰. The field studies identified peatlands near the Ahmavaara and Konttijärvi South waste rock areas that meet the technical requirements for conversion into treatment wetlands
Suurin osa kaivoksen typpikuormituksesta on yleensä peräisin louhinnassa käytettävistä typpeä sisältävistä räjähdysaineista, jotka eivät räjähdä täydellisesti. Jotkin rikastusprosessissa käytettävät kemikaalit saattavat myös sisältää typpeä, ja typpiyhdisteitä voi liueta rikastusprosessin vesiin. Osa räjähdysainejäämien ja kemikaalien sisältämästä typestä kulkeutuu ympäristöön kaivosalueelta ulos johdettavien vesijakeiden mukana ja ravinteiden määrän kasvaminen voi aiheuttaa rehevöitymistä vastaanottavassa vesistössä. Aluksi tässä työssä esitellään Suhangon kaivoshankkeen laajennusprojekti ja sen nykytilanne. Kirjallisuuskatsauksessa käsitellään louhinnassa yleisesti käytettäviä räjähdysaineita ja niiden liukenemisominaisuuksia ottaen huomioon, että eri räjähdysaineiden vedenkesto-ominaisuudet poikkeavat merkittävästi. Työssä esitellään avolouhintamenetelmän periaatteet ja louhinnan aiheuttamien typpipäästöjen syitä sekä niiden vähentämiskeinoja. Lisäksi työssä käsitellään kaivostoiminnassa nykyisin käytössä olevia typenpoistotekniikoita ja käytettävissä olevia mahdollisia tekniikoita. Tämän työn tavoitteena oli muodostaa typpitase Suhangon kaivoshankkeen laajennukselle. Typpitase perustuu kaivoksen YVA-selostuksessa esitettyihin vesitaselaskelmiin ja kirjallisuuden pohjalta tehtyyn arvioon louhinnassa räjähtämättä jäävän räjähdysaineen määrästä. Räjähdysaineen käyttömäärää Suhangon kaivoksella on arvioitu esikannattavuusselvityksessä esitettyjen louhintasuunnitelmien ja YVA-selostuksessa arvioitujen tuotantomäärien pohjalta. Kuormituslaskelmissa on hyödynnetty louhintamenetelmältään vastaavan metallimalmikaivoksen tarkkailutuloksia, jossa louhinnassa käytettävä räjähdysaine on vastaavantyyppinen kuin mitä Suhangon kaivoksella on suunniteltu käytettävän. Tehtyjen laskelmien perusteella suurin osa räjähdysainejäämistä kulkeutuu sivukivialueille, toiseksi suurin osa rikastamolle sekä malmin että kuivanapitoveden mukana ja osa kulkeutuu myös marginaalimalmin varastointialueelle. Typpitaselaskelmien perusteella sivukivialueilta purettavien aluevesien typpipitoisuus on enimmillään noin 11 mg/l. Aluevesien vuosittainen typpikuormitus eri sivukivialueilta toimintavaiheen aikana vaihtelee 0,43 tonnin ja 8,02 tonnin välillä. Vaahdotuksen rikastushiekka-altaalta typpeä poistuu vesistöön ylitevesien mukana Takalammen suuntaan ja ylitevesien vuosittainen typpikuormitus eri vesitaseen tarkastelutilanteissa vaihtelee 17,6 ja 74,3 tonnin välillä. Työn kokeellisessa osiossa tutkittiin suunniteltujen sivukivialueiden läheisyydessä sijaitsevien turvealueiden soveltuvuutta sivukivialueiden valumavesien kosteikkokäsittelyyn. Maastokäynnin aikana turvealueilta mitattiin in situ hydraulinen johtavuus ja alueilta otettiin turvenäytteitä. Turvenäytteistä määritettiin turpeen maatuneisuus, vesipitoisuus ja tuhkapitoisuus. Potentiaalisten turvealueiden kaltevuuksia arvioitiin laserkeilausaineiston pohjalta ja niiden pinta-alat määritettiin ilmakuvien perusteella. In situ mittausten perusteella hydraulinen johtavuus on korkeampi turpeen yläkerroksissa ja laskee huomattavasti alle 50 cm syvyyksissä. Turpeen maatuneisuus tutkituilla turvealueilla vaihteli eri syvyyksillä. Pintakerroksissa turve oli pääsääntöisesti heikosti maatunutta ja syvemmissä kerroksissa voimakkaammin maatunutta. Laserkeilausaineiston pohjalta määritetyt kaltevuudet osoittavat, että turvealueiden kaltevuudet ovat pääosin alle 1 ‰, mutta joissain osissa turvealueita kaltevuus on yli 25 ‰. Kenttätutkimusten perusteella Ahmavaaran ja Konttijärven eteläisen sivukiven läjitysalueen lähellä on kosteikkokäyttöön soveltuvia turvealueita, koska ne täyttävät kosteikoille annetut tekniset vaatimukset

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Huang, Ganlin. "Mining and Tourism: Comparing Spatial Patterns, Socioeconomic Contributions, and Environmental Impacts in China." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2008. http://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/113.

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ABSTRACT This dissertation examines the environmental and socioeconomic impacts of mining and tourism industries in China with a goal of understanding whether or not these two sectors are mutually compatible in achieving sustainable developme nt. Yunnan, a province in southwest China was selected as the study area because of its high potential for growth in both sectors. A macro-level Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis and a case study were employed to understand patterns of change and linkages. Paper 1 addresses the spatial patterns of mining and tourism activities by a GIS analysis. Spatial cluster analysis of major tourism attractions and mining sites concludes that 1) mining sites tend to be clustered, whereas locations of tourism attractions do not exhibit any significant evidence of aggregation. 2) Mining and tourism sites tend to cluster at the scale of 25 kilometers to 45 kilometers. However, 3) mining/tourism sites relatively far away from each other attain more economic income. Incorporating the social context and development history of the study area, the results imply that although mining activities may have some negative impact on tourism attractions making those nearby a mining site earn less income; some factors tie the two industries together such as investing capacity of and policy support from local government. Paper 2 considers the environmental health and socioeconomic status of the areas where mining or tourism activities cluster. Statistical analysis on prefecture level and county level detects no significant difference between areas of mining and tourism in terms of economic status (GDP and poverty rate) and social development (ratio of researchers, agricultural technicians, teachers and doctors, and access to pipe water, major roads and telephone). For environmental indicators, the air pollution and soil erosion index perform better in tourism areas than mining areas, while other variables including forestry coverage, water quality and an overall ecological health index detect little difference between mining and tourism areas. The paper concludes that sector difference in economic and environmental performances may be over-emphasized. How mining and tourism contribute to or impact the sustainability of regional development needs to be further studied within the local context. Paper 3 develops a case study of a Tibet village called Jisha in northwest Yunnan to explore management as a factor influencing tourism impacts on environment and local economic productivity. Jisha village experiences two types of tourism development. A community based small-scale tourism development project, initiated by a local nongovernment organization, aims to partner with Jisha residents to build a Tibetan style hostel which will bring tourism income to the villagers. An external company plans to construct a hotel, golf course and chair- lift by making a large investment in the community. Although some aspects of this project are likely to benefit the local community better than others, local residents are resisting all development efforts. Results of the ethnographic study show organization- led projects work better in benefiting local people and conserving environment than corporation businesses. However, such ventures may not have the multiplier effect on the local economy as external corporate businesses because of the moderate size of the investment.

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Ditsele, Ofentse. "Application of life cycle assessment to estimate environmental impacts of surface coal mining." Diss., Rolla, Mo. : Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010. http://scholarsmine.mst.edu/thesis/pdf/Ditsele_09007dcc807d4fd7.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Missouri University of Science and Technology, 2010.
Vita. The entire thesis text is included in file. Title from title screen of thesis/dissertation PDF file (viewed July 15, 2010) Includes bibliographical references (p. 136-152).

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Bezerra, Lireida Maria Albuquerque. "AnÃlise dos impactos sÃcio-ambientais decorrentes da mineraÃÃo na Chapada do Araripe â Nova Olinda/CearÃ." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14422.

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FundaÃÃo de Amparo Ã Pesquisa do Estado do CearÃ
A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de degradaÃÃo sÃcio ambiental na Chapada do Araripe, no municÃpio de Nova Olinda/CearÃ, decorrente da extraÃÃo e exploraÃÃo do calcÃrio, oferecendo elementos teÃricos, que contribuam para o surgimento de alternativas que contribuam para mitigar os estragos provocados pela atividade da mineraÃÃo nos moldes capitalistas. A metodologia partiu de uma anÃlise qualitativa, com base no entendimento das caracterÃsticas subjetivas e das informaÃÃes relacionadas Ãs comunidades que vivem no entorno da atividade mineradora e, tambÃm o embasamento de literatura especÃfica na Ãrea do objeto de estudo. A anÃlise dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da mineraÃÃo em Nova Olinda Ã de suma importÃncia para a compreensÃo da intensidade dos impactos ambientais e como estes comprometem a Chapada do Araripe e seu entorno, bem como, os registros histÃricos e paleontolÃgicos da bacia sedimentar do Araripe. Percebe-se, que o grau de intensidade dos impactos ambientais resulta de uma exploraÃÃo nÃo sustentÃvel comprometendo o meio ambiente e seu entorno, com o desperdÃcio do rejeito, alteraÃÃo na vegetaÃÃo e uma extraÃÃo que degrada e impacta a paisagem local.
A pesquisa objetiva analisar o processo de degradaÃÃo sÃcio ambiental na Chapada do Araripe, no municÃpio de Nova Olinda/CearÃ, decorrente da extraÃÃo e exploraÃÃo do calcÃrio, oferecendo elementos teÃricos, que contribuam para o surgimento de alternativas que contribuam para mitigar os estragos provocados pela atividade da mineraÃÃo nos moldes capitalistas. A metodologia partiu de uma anÃlise qualitativa, com base no entendimento das caracterÃsticas subjetivas e das informaÃÃes relacionadas Ãs comunidades que vivem no entorno da atividade mineradora e, tambÃm o embasamento de literatura especÃfica na Ãrea do objeto de estudo. A anÃlise dos impactos ambientais decorrentes da mineraÃÃo em Nova Olinda Ã de suma importÃncia para a compreensÃo da intensidade dos impactos ambientais e como estes comprometem a Chapada do Araripe e seu entorno, bem como, os registros histÃricos e paleontolÃgicos da bacia sedimentar do Araripe. Percebe-se, que o grau de intensidade dos impactos ambientais resulta de uma exploraÃÃo nÃo sustentÃvel comprometendo o meio ambiente e seu entorno, com o desperdÃcio do rejeito, alteraÃÃo na vegetaÃÃo e uma extraÃÃo que degrada e impacta a paisagem local.
The research aims to analyze the process of socio environmental degradation in Chapada do Araripe , in the city Nova Olinda/CearÃ, resulting from the extraction and exploitation of limestone, offering theoretical elements that contribute to the emergence of alternatives that contribute to mitigate the damage caused by the mining activity in the capitalist mold. The methodology was based on a qualitative analysis, based on the understanding of the subjective characteristics and on the information related to the communities living around the mining activity, and also on the specific literature on the study subject. The analysis of the environmental impacts arisingfrom the mining in Nova Olinda is of paramount importance for thecomprehension of the intensity of the environmental impacts and how theycompromise the Chapada do Araripe and its surroundings, as well as the historical and paleontological records of the sedimentary basin of Araripe. It is noticed that the intensity of theenvironmental impacts result from thenon-sustainable exploitation, compromising the environment and its surroundings, with the waste tailings, changes in vegetation and extraction that degrades and impacts the local landscape.
The research aims to analyze the process of socio environmental degradation in Chapada do Araripe , in the city Nova Olinda/CearÃ, resulting from the extraction and exploitation of limestone, offering theoretical elements that contribute to the emergence of alternatives that contribute to mitigate the damage caused by the mining activity in the capitalist mold. The methodology was based on a qualitative analysis, based on the understanding of the subjective characteristics and on the information related to the communities living around the mining activity, and also on the specific literature on the study subject. The analysis of the environmental impacts arisingfrom the mining in Nova Olinda is of paramount importance for thecomprehension of the intensity of the environmental impacts and how theycompromise the Chapada do Araripe and its surroundings, as well as the historical and paleontological records of the sedimentary basin of Araripe. It is noticed that the intensity of theenvironmental impacts result from thenon-sustainable exploitation, compromising the environment and its surroundings, with the waste tailings, changes in vegetation and extraction that degrades and impacts the local landscape.

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Herlaar, Sjoerd. "Exploring Consumer Expenditure And Environmental Impacts Across European Nations : A Data-Mining Approach." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-264518.

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As the pressures on the environment created by humanity increase, understanding how products influence a person’s overall impact becomes more important in order to make choices about how a person chooses to consume. Recent literature shows that household consumption is responsible for 51% to 81% of a nation’s total emissions (Ivanova, Stadler, et al. 2016). This study investigates whether expenditure is a viable proxy measurement for consumer impacts in Europe. Without knowledge about the relative impacts of consumer expenditure on the environment, European citizens cannot make conscious choices regarding their expenses and how they relate to environmental impact, while policy-makers have no basis to develop tailored environmental policy mechanisms. This study combined Input-Output Analysis, Data Mining, and Regression Analysis to check if a correlation between expenditure and impact exists. The results are contextualised in consumption categories. Results from Input-Output Analysis suggest that Housing, Food, and Transport are the largest categories of expense throughout Europe. While expenses vary significantly throughout Europe, common trends emerge. Pattern Recognition and Cluster Analysis algorithms show that expenditure habits differ especially between north-west, east, south, and coastal Europe. Each of the four groups consists of between six and eleven nations. In general, lower economic development indicates higher expenditure in Housing and Food, while higher economic development indicates higher expenditure in Recreation & Culture, and Goods & Services. Coastal Europe spends more on Restaurants & Hotels, and Education. The expenditures were translated to four environmental impacts; Global Warming Potential, Land Use, Material Use, and Blue Water Consumption. Next, correlation between expenditure and environmental impact was checked using Regression Analysis. The analysis showed that out of the twelve expenditure categories, Clothing & Footwear and Furnishing & Household, showed a significant correlation between expenditure and the four impact categories. Food, Alcohol & Tobacco, and Recreation & Culture showed significance in two impact categories, and Transport showed significance in one category. In total 15 out of the 48 (31%) tested impact categories showed significance. Using the identified groups, the amount of impact categories that show correlation with expenditure grows to 44%, and up to 68%. Unfortunately, given the size of these groups, these results are not statistically significant. That said, the method shows promise, and further research with a larger scope could produce statistically significant results.
Allt eftersom trycket på miljön som skapas av mänskligheten ökar blir det mer och mer viktigt att ha förståelse för hur produkter påverkar en persons totala påverkan för att göra val om hur en person väljer att konsumera. Senare litteratur visar att hushållens konsumtion är ansvarig för 51% till 81 % av landets totala utsläpp (Ivanova, Stadler, et al. 2016). Denna studie undersöker om utgifterna är en genomförbar proxy-mätning för konsumentpåverkan i Europa i hopp om att ge konsumenterna mer kunskap om sina konsumtionsvanor och hur dessa påverkar miljön. Detta görs genom att kombinera inputoutput-analys, datamining och regressionsanalys för att kontrollera om det finns en betydande korrelation mellan utgifter och effekter. Resultaten är kontextualiserade i COICOPkategorier. Resultaten från analysen för input-output tyder på att bostäder, mat och transport är de största kostnadskategorierna i hela Europa. Utgiftsbeloppet varierar avsevärt i hela Europa, trots att trenden dyker upp. Mönsterigenkänning och klusteranalys algoritmer visar att utgiftsvanor skiljer sig särskilt mellan nordvästra, östra, södra, och kusten av Europa. Var och en av de fyra grupperna best˚ar av mellan sex och elva nationer. I allmänhet indikerar lägre ekonomisk utveckling högre utgifter f¨or bostäder och livsmedel, medan högre ekonomisk utveckling indikerar högre utgifter inom rekreation & kultur och varor & tjänster. Europas kust spenderar mer på restauranger & hotell och utbildning. Miljöpåverkan av alla utgifter beräknades med fyra kategorier för miljöpåverkan; Global uppvärmningspotential, markanvändning, materialanvändning och blå vattenförbrukning. Därefter kontrollerades sambandet mellan utgifter och miljöpåverkan med hjälp av regressionsanalys. Analysen visade att utav de tolv utgiftskategorierna hade kläder & skor samt inredning och hushåll betydande samband mellan utgifterna och de fyra effektskategorierna. Mat, alkohol & tobak och rekreation & kultur var signifikanta i två effektskategorier, och transport visade var signifikant i en kategori. Totalt var 15 av de 48 testade påverkanskategorierna signifikanta. Det här är 31%. Med hjälp av de identifierade grupperna ökar beloppet av effektskategorier som korrelerar med utgifterna från 44% upp till 68%. Det är viktigt att notera att med tanke på storleken av dessa grupper är dessa resultat inte statistiskt signifikanta. Däremot verkar metoden vara lovande. Ytterligare forskning med större omfattning skulle kunna ge statistiskt signifikanta resultat.

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Izedonmwen, Osaretin Ernest. "The environmental impact of deep seabed mining /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59416.

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The deep seabed until the late sixties was a largely unknown part of the sea and represented nothing more than an academic curiosity. With technology making hitherto hidden depths of the ocean accessible for exploitation, it became known in the late sixties that the deep seabed contained precious minerals. In a world used to shrinking resources, this shot the deep seabed into the centre stage of world politics, becoming perhaps the most controversial issue in any United Nations Conference. The controversy centered around the legal status of the deep seabed. This work contends that there is not in place any viable international legal regime for supervising and regulating resource development in the deep seabed outside national jurisdiction; that whatever regulations there are, are geared towards facilitating exploitation of the area; that such lacunae would be at an environmental cost that could negate whatever short-term benefits are derivable therefrom.
This work therefore examines the potential environmental impact of deep seabed mining and proposes a legal regime for preventing and minimizing same.

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Mansfeld, Christina. "Environmental impacts of prospecting and mining in Namibian national parks : implications for legislative compliance." Thesis, Link to the online version, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/1646.

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Rademeyer, Brian. "The influence of environmental impacts on tailings impoundment design." Thesis, Pretoria : [s.n.], 2007. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-01292008-172436.

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Selman, Paul Harry. "An approach to the assessment of the agricultural impacts of coal mining." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1787.

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Contentions that expansion of the British coal mining industry into predominantly rural areas may pose serious threats to agriculture and food production are reviewed in the light of the available evidence. It is considered that, whilst the severity of impacts and rate of future development may have been overstated, the conflicts are sufficiently significant to warrant close examination. Further, land use planners are responding for the first time to mining proposals affecting entire coalfields, thus making it essential to establish the correct principles of development from the outset. It is noted that past assessments of agricultural impacts have failed to reflect their diverse and pervasive nature, thus necessitating the identification of more appropriate methods of forecasting. In the light of current weaknesses in practice, it is argued that a formal system of impact assessment may prove necessary. Those characteristics of mining operations and associated end-uses which are likely to affect agriculture are analysed, as are those aspects of the farm enterprise most vulnerable to disruption. These various characteristics are then used as a basis for the assessment of mining-agriculture impacts. A review of the strategic nature of impacts arising from mining programmes is considered desirable, and limited proposals are made regarding assessment at this scale. More detailed consideration is given to an appraisal framework for individual mining proposals, and this is tested in relation to part of the 'Vale of Belvoirl coalfield. It is concluded that, although further methodological refinements and field investigations are necessary, the early implementation of an impact assessment procedure is nevertheless justified.

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Terrell, Deborah. "Avaliação da qualidade da água subterrânea em área de mineração de caulim: impactos e perspectivas de remediação, município de Mogi das Cruzes, SP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44138/tde-25042008-160351/.

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A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar a qualidade das águas subterrâneas em área de mineração de caulim, no município de Mogi das Cruzes/SP. A área está inserida na Área de Proteção de Manancial da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo e, conforme o histórico pesquisado, apresentava anomalias geoquímicas associadas aos elementos alumínio, ferro, manganês, zinco e sulfato. Para a execução da pesquisa os trabalhos desenvolvidos foram divididos em: (a) revisão bibliográfica dos temas de interesse para a pesquisa e para caracterização da área de estudo; (b) caracterização hidrogeológica e hidrogeoquímica de suas águas subterrâneas e caracterização hidroquímica das águas superficiais; (c) consulta de todos os relatórios disponíveis a fim de estabelecer um perfil da evolução dos elementos que apresentavam anomalias para o monitoramento até novembro de 2005; e por fim, (d) avaliação e interpretação dos resultados propriamente ditos. Os resultados indicaram que a disposição inadequada dos rejeitos produzidos no processo industrial acarretou na contaminação das águas subterrâneas do local e nas águas das lagoas artificiais, em relação ao sulfato e zinco. Em relação às anomalias de alumínio, ferro e manganês é possível serem inerentes à área. No entanto, a produção e descarte dos efluentes ácidos favorecem o desprendimento dos íons livres encontrados nas águas subterrâneas. Foi possível obter um quadro geral da situação ambiental da área e sugerir perspectivas de recuperação e remediação a partir das principais características encontradas. Dentre as alternativas que melhor se aplicam ao caso, e que mostraram bons resultados em casos similares, são sugeridas as técnicas de reflorestamento a partir de sistemas agro-florestais, a utilização da fitorremediação para a remoção de metais, a ampliação da estação de tratamento de efluentes industriais e uma efetiva correção do pH das águas do processo e das lagoas existentes.
The objective of this research was to evaluate the quality of groundwater in a kaolin mining in the municipality of Mogi das Cruzes/SP. The mining is inserted in the Water Catchment Protection Area of the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo and according to past descriptions, presented geochemical anomalies associated with aluminum, iron, manganese, zinc and sulphate. The work was planned as follows: (a) literature review and characterization of the study area; (b) hydrogeology and hydrogeochemical characterization of groundwater and hydrochemical characterization of superficial waters; (c) reading of all the available analysis reports in order to establish a profile of the variation of the elements that presented anomalies for monitoring until november of 2005 and (d) analysis and interpretation of the results. The results indicated that an inadequate disposal of the waste produced in the industrial process caused the contamination, by sulphate and zinc, of the groundwater and of the waters of the artificial lagoons. As related to anomalies by aluminum, iron and manganese there are evidences that these elements are inherent to the area, but the production and disposal of acid effluents may be associated with the liberation of free ions found in groundwater. It was possible to get a general picture of the environmental characteristics of the area as well as to suggest alternatives for the recovery and remediation, based on the main characteristics observed. Amongst the most suitable alternatives to the case, which showed good results on similar cases the following are suggested: reforestation techniques based on agro-forestry systems; use of phytoremediation for metal removal; improvement of the industrial effluent treatment station and an effective correction of the pH of the superficial waters from the lagoons.

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Adams, Heather R. "Evaluation of Contaminant Attenuation in a Mining Impacted Aquifer, Stark County, Ohio." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1446030249.

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Lanegra, Quispe Iván Kriss. "Prior Consulting, Mining and Environmental Regulation in the National Legislation." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117630.

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This article describes and analyzes the national standard established for the prior consultation proceedings in mining and its relationship with environmental law. These procedures have been created in order to comply with the liability contracted by the Peruvian State in 1995, after the ratification of ILO Convention 169. The article reviews the main elements of Peruvian prior consulting process, including key aspects such as the identification of indigenous peoples, as well as defining the moment at which consulting should be made in the mining area. Finally, the author stresses the no consultations in mining projects at the time and the implications of that fact.
El presente artículo busca describir y analizar el estándar nacional establecido para el desarrollo de procesos de consulta previa en el ámbito de la minería y su relación con la legislación ambiental. Estos procedimientos han sido establecidos con el objeto de cumplir con la obligación que el Estado Peruano asumió en el año 1995, tras la ratificación del Convenio 169 de la OIT. Se pasa revista a los principales componentes del proceso de consulta peruano, incluyendo aspectos cruciales como la identificación de los pueblos indígenas, de las medidas de consultar así como la definición del momento en el cual realizar la consulta en el ámbito minero. Finalmente se destaca la no realización de consultas en los proyectos mineros hasta la fecha y las implicancias de dicho hecho.

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Macie, Aniceto Elcidio Alves. "Mineração de carvão na bacia carbonífera de Moatize, província de Tete - Noroeste de Moçambique: uma análise socioambiental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/44/44144/tde-03112015-141000/.

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Este pesquisa teve como objetivo avaliar os principais impactos socioambientais decorrentes da mineração de carvão na Bacia Carbonífera de Moatize, em relação à qualidade dos corpos hídricos superficiais e os conflitos gerados pelos reassentamentos das comunidades que ocupavam a área de infuência direta da mineração. A área de estudo, está inserida na Bacia carbonífera de Moatize, província de Tete, noroeste de Moçambique. Para a execução da pesquisa, fez - se a revisão bibliográfica, análise das águas superficiais nos rios Revúbuè, Moatize, Zambeze e seus tributários, e diagnóstico socioambiental das comunidades locais reassentadas (Cateme e 25 de setembro) e as da área de infuência direta da mineração (comunidade de Capanga). Foram amostrados 13 pontos de água superficial, entre os rios Zambeze, Revúboè e Moatize. Os parâmetros físico-quimicos: pH, Eh, T, CE, OD foram analisados in situ através do Multiparâmetro portátil Modelo - HI 9828 HANNA. No laboratório, foram analisados a turbidez, STD, sulfatos, Al, As, Fe, Mg, Mn e Zn determinados através do Espectrômetro de Emissão Atômica com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (ICP/AES). Os resultados indicam que as comunidades locais apresentam um baixo nível de safisfação com a implantação da mina, devido ao não cumprimento de algumas compensações sociais, especialmente as indenizações que desencadeiam conflitos com a mineradora. Além dos já mencionados, outros impactos ambientais decorrentes da mineração de carvão são: alteração da qualidade das águas superficiais, vibrações de terreno e ruídos que representam desconforto para as comunidades locais. Os conflitos sociais constatados são: alteração de valores e hábitos tradicionais, essenciais para a solidariedade, unidade das famílias; privação das mulheres dos seus meios de ocupação tradicionais (agricultura), tornando-as dependentes; não cumprimento das compensações sociais; campos agrícolas de baixa fertilidade em relação às que possuíam antes; as áreas de pastagem estão distantes das residênciais; as habitações apresentam fendas no piso e infiltração da água quando chove; e a falta de meios de sobrevivência, sendo que as comunidades locais vivem na base de agricultura e pecuária. Através das amostras e análises físico-quimicas das águas superficiais, constatou-se que alguns pontos apresentam alterações e valores estão fora dos limites mínimos e máximos estabelecidos no Diploma Ministerial n o 180/2004 e Resolução CONAMA nº 357/05, nomeadamente: o pH no P10 (9,99); o OD no P5 (4,85 mg/L); os STD no P9 (2010 mg/L), P8 (1810 mg/L) e P7 (1052 mg/L); os sulfatos no P8 (680 mg/L) e P9 (710 mg/L), o Fe no P3 (0,98 mg/L), P4 (0,4 mg/L), P5 (0,9 mg/L), P10 (1,03 mg/L), P12 (1,8 mg/L) e P13 (1 mg/L) no rio Moatize; o Mg no P7 (78,8 mg/L), P8 (126 mg/L), P9 (136 mg/L) e P12 (313 mg/L). Essa alteração provavelmente é influenciada pela agricultura familiar, partículas sólidas em suspensões oriundas das minas de carvão, que possam percolar até atingir os corpos hídricos. Os pontos P7, P8 e P9 no rio Revúboè nas proximidades de Minas Moatize Ltda, da pedreira da empresa Vale e Ceta são assinalados como áreas críticas que carecem de monitoramento ambiental.
This research aimed to evaluate the main environmental impacts of coal mining in the Moatize coal basin related to the quality of surface water bodies and conflicts generated by resettlement of the communities occupying the area of direct influence of mining. The study area is inserted in the Moatize coal basin in Tete province, north-western Mozambique. The following works were carried out: literature review, analysis of surface water in Revúbuè, Moatize, Zambezi rivers and its tributaries, and environmental diagnosis of resettled local communities (Cateme and September 25) and the AID Mining (Capanga community). They were in total 13 sampling sites of surface water, between the Zambezi, Revúboè and Moatize rivers. The physical and chemical parameters: pH, Eh, T, CE, OD were analyzed in situ by portable multiparameter model HI 9828 HANNA. In the laboratory, were analyzed the turbidity, STD, Sulfides and elements such as Al, As, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn determined by Atomic Emission Spectrometer with Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP/AES). The results indicate that local communities have a low level of safisfation with the implementation of the mine due to non -compliance with certain social compensation, especially compensation that trigger conflicts with the mining company. The main environmental impacts of coal mining are changing the quality of surface water, ground vibration and noise that pose a discomfort for local communities. The observed social conflicts are: destruction of traditional values and habits that are essential for sustaining solidarity and unity of families and communities; deprivation of women from their traditional occupation means (agriculture), becoming increasingly dependent; non-compliance of promises; agricultural fields of low fertility than those who had before; grazing areas are more distant from residential areas; homes with low quality, with cracks in the floor and water infiltration when it rains; and the lack of livelihoods, given that local communities resettled live on agriculture and cattle breeding base, being difficult the practice currently, because of the soil quality and pasture areas. Through the samples and physical-chemical analysis of surface water, it was found that some points have changes and values are outside the minimum and maximum limits set out in the Ministerial Decree 180/2004 and CONAMA Resolution n o 357/05, namely: the pH in P10 (9.99); OD at P5 (4.85 mg / L); STDs in P9 (2010 mg / L), P8 (1810 mg / L) and P7 (1052 mg / L); sulphates in P8 (680mg / L) and P9 (710 mg / l) in the Fe P3 (0.98 mg / L) P4 (0.4 mg / L) P5 (0.9 mg / L ), P10 (1.03 mg / L), P12 (1.8mg / L) and P13 (1 mg / L) in Moatize river; Mg in P7 (78.8 mg / L), P8 (126 mg / L), P9 (136mg / L) and P12 (313 mg / L). This change is likely to be influenced by family agriculture, solid particles in suspensions derived from the coal mines, which percolaam until the water bodies. The points P7, P8 and P9 on the Revúboè river near Moatize Mines Ltd., quarry Vale and Ceta Company are marked as critical areas in need of environmental monitoring.

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Costa, Julio César da. "Efeito de alterações do habitat na composição e estrutura da comunidade de aves de sub-bosque no Planalto Paulista, Sudeste do Brasil." Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-15072008-130253/.

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Aves são um grupo tradicionalmente estudado em trabalhos de avaliação de impacto ambiental, os quais buscam entender efeitos de atividades antrópicas nas comunidades e/ou populações. Tal entendimento é fundamental para criar diretrizes para futuros empreendimentos ou ordenamento do uso do solo, com o objetivo de mitigar os efeitos negativos das atividades humanas. Nessa perspectiva, neste trabalho foram estudados dois efeitos em diferentes escalas na comunidade de aves de sub-bosque em região de Mata Atlântica no Planalto Paulista. O primeiro trabalho refere-se a uma escala ampla, na qual existe um gradiente de perda de habitat na paisagem amostrada, oriundo de diversas atividades humanas. No segundo procurou-se identificar os efeitos de atividades de mineração, numa escala mais restrita. Os resultados mostram que cerca de 50% das espécies de aves de sub-bosque devem se prejudicar com a perda de habitat e atingir níveis críticos de abundância ou se tornarem extintas em locais com baixa proporção de habitats florestais. Por outro lado, cerca de 30% das espécies tendem a se beneficiar com a perda de habitat e aumentar os tamanhos das populações. As espécies mais prejudicadas pela perda de habitat são as endêmicas do bioma Mata Atlântica e aquelas mais sensíveis a alterações no habitat. Quando analisado o gradiente de distância em relação a cava da Mina de extração de calcário, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas na riqueza e abundância total de aves e riqueza e abundância de grupos de sensibilidade a perturbações no habitat, o que sugere que as atividades da Mina não tenham um efeito tão drástico na comunidade de aves de sub-bosque. Porém, é sugerido que uma avaliação temporal das populações, assim como outros aspectos da comunidade, como reprodução, comportamento, consumo de frutos e dispersão de sementes, talvez sejam mais adequados para verificar os impactos da atividade de mineração na comunidade de aves na área estudada.
Birds are one of the traditionally studied groups on environmental impact assessments, which seek to understand the effects of human activities on communities and/or populations. This understanding is essential to create guidelines for future enterprises or for planning the use of land, with the objective of mitigating the negative effects of human activities. From this perspective, this work studied two effects at different scales in the understory bird community of the Atlantic Forest in the Planalto Paulista. The first refers to a broad scale, in which there is a gradient of habitat loss in the sampled landscape resulting from various human activities. The second sought to identify the effects of the mining activities in a more delimited scale. The results show that about 50% of the understory bird community shall be affected by habitat loss and reach critical levels of abundance or become extinct in areas with low proportions of forest habitats. On the other hand, about 30% of the species tend to benefit from the habitat loss and increase the size of the population. The species most affected by the loss of habitat are those endemic to the Atlantic Forest and those most sensitive to changes in habitat. The analysis of the distance gradient from the limestone mine has found no significant differences in the richness and abundance of birds and richness and abundance of groups of sensitivity to disturbances in the habitat. That suggests that the mining has no drastic effect in the understory bird community. It is suggested that other aspects of the community, such as reproduction, behaviour, consumption of fruit and seed dispersal may be more appropriate for evaluating the impacts of the mining in the community of birds in the study area. Also, a time series evaluation of the sampled populations\' size might reveal fluctuations resulting from the activities in the mine.

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Platt, Lucy Teresa. "Assessing the cumulative environmental impact from surface mining operations." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269712.

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Hansbarger, Jeff Lee. "Mountaintop removal mining an environmental impact assessment (EIA) scoping exercise and impact assessment of mining activities on aquatic resources /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2000. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1275.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 2000.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 75 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 73-75).

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Sabbag, Omar Jorge [UNESP]. "Impactos da construção da UHE Três Irmãos sobre a atividade de mineração: importância de uma gestão ambiental." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89817.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2006-07-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:20:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sabbag_oj_dr_prud.pdf: 1428343 bytes, checksum: 42185200ba451cff3f976ff068b3e131 (MD5)
A presente tese teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos impactos causados com a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de Três Irmãos em especial à atividade de mineração, na cidade de Pereira Barreto - SP, com o intuito de propor um gerenciamento de conflitos adequado às situações semelhantes. Para obtenção e interpretação dos dados, foram utilizados questionários, documentos, censos estatísticos, leis ambientais, bem como o uso de metodologias de análise de impactos - o checklist e a matriz de interação, além de uma proposta metodológica para avaliação de opções e planejamento para posterior elaboração de um organograma roteiro de gerenciamento de conflitos. Os resultados apontam que os diversos impactos negativos suplantam os positivos, havendo na atividade de mineração em específico, uma redução de 67% de mão-de-obra (com uma reserva estimada de apenas 15 anos a partir de 2005), além de haver uma diminuição de 87% da população, provocada pela migração para outras regiões. Outro ponto de destaque foi a ausência de um plano de gestão de conflitos, conseqüente da ausência de reconhecimento e participação pública no processo de decisão, assim como o descaso da Administração Municipal quanto ao setor mineral, demonstrando a necessidade de trabalhar, numa abordagem sistêmica, a gestão de forma compartilhada e sustentável entre os atores envolvidos, de forma a interagir com as políticas governamentais e a legislação correlata.
For present thesis it had as objective to accomplish an impact survey caused with by construction of the Hydroelectric Plant of Três Irmãos especially to the mining activity, in the Pereira Barreto - SP, with end of proposing a management of adequate conflicts to the similar situations. For obtainment and interpretation of the data, it was used questionnaires, documents, statistical censuses, environmental laws, as well as the impact methodology analysis - checklist and the interaction head office, besides a methodological proposal for options and planning evaluation for posterior elaboration of a conflicts management script organization chart. The results have show that the several negative impacts supplant the positive, existing in the mining activity in specific, a reduction of 67% of workmanship (with a reserve estimate of just 15 years starting from 2005), besides existing a decrease of 87% of the population, provoked by the migration for other regions. Other highlight point was the absence of a conflicts administration plan, consequent of the recognition absence and public participation in the decision process, as well as the negligence of the Municipal Administration regarding the mineral sector, demonstrating the need of work, in an approach generalized, the administration of shared and sustainable form between involved actors, a way of interacting with government politics and the correlated legislation.

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Souza, Patrícia Manuela de. "A mineiração de brita nos municípios de Niterói, São Gonçalo e Maricá: impactos ambientais, legislação e perspectivas futuras." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2011. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8061.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
A extração de rocha para britagem está inserida na classe dos materiais agregados para a construção civil, matérias importantes, sendo utilizados em larga escala para a construção civil. A presente área de estudo define-se como local de fornecimento de pedra britada entre outros materiais para a construção, tanto por ser um local de expansão da área metropolitana como por abrigar grandes obras e projetos governamentais. Evidenciando como aspectos principais a necessidade de obtenção da brita, próximo ou dentro dos centros de expansão urbana, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo principal diagnosticar e compreender a dinâmica atual e a importância da mineração dos agregados para a construção civil (brita) que ocorre nos municípios de Niterói, São Gonçalo e Maricá. Buscou-se compreender o porquê de tais atividades se desenvolverem no espaço urbano, evidenciando a quem atende, bem como as implicações ambientais da existência de cada uma nos municípios que compõem a área de estudo. Identificou-se que a mineração da brita gera impactos positivos e negativos a população. Foram levantados os aspectos legais existentes na legislação ambiental e na mineral, nos planos diretores, leis orgânicas e zoneamentos, que estão diretamente ligados à mineração de agregados para a construção civil, em especial as pedreiras, que se localizam em áreas urbanas. Na área de estudo, foram encontradas muitas pedreiras em atividade, bem antigos locais que abrigaram pedreiras no passado, hoje possuem novos usos diversos, caracterizando também uma nova organização espacial expressa, em alguns casos, no zoneamento ambiental municipal. O município de Niterói apresentou maior adequação do zoneamento em relação à atividade de exploração de pedra para britagem, do que os municípios de Maricá e São Gonçalo, que apresentam conflitos de localização e uso do solo, entre o que consta nos planos diretores, nos zoneamentos e o que ocorre na realidade

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Rodovalho, Edmo da Cunha. "An innovative approach for controlling operational parameters in open pit mining to reduce costs and environmental impacts." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-18012017-151352/.

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The main current challenges of the mining industry include aspects such leveraging the mine productivity, controlling costs and reducing environmental impacts. In most surface mining operations, overburden removal requires haulage over short distances. A comparison of different haulage options for short distances with respect to energy efficiency in open-pit mining is a key aspect for decision making, but only a limited number of recent research efforts have considered energy efficiency as a control variable in mining projects. Loading and haulage have an energy source that is highly dependent on fossil fuels. In addition, the equipment involved in these operations use tyres as an important input. There are many studies relating the fuel consumption and tyre wear to several performance indicators, but a methodology that identifies and prioritizes higher-impact variables under each specific operating condition is not available. This research proposes new methods using alternative equipment simulations for fuel consumption and tyre wear management. Such methods include multiple regression analysis, stochastic simulation and specialized software routines in order to identify and control operational performance variables related to diesel consumption, tyre wear and selection of new alternatives equipments. Considering alternative scenarios of equipment models, the results of the proposed method include a 14% reduction in specific fuel consumption and a 16% increase in productivity. Regarding the fuel management method, the reduction of diesel consumption reached 10%. For the tyre wear management method, the results indicated a potential to save up to 8.9 t of tyre rubber in only one quarter.
Na atualidade, a indústria de mineração possui como principal desafio alavancar sua produtividade, controlar custos e reduzir impactos ambientais. Muitas operações de mineração exigem transporte em pequenas distâncias. A comparação de diferentes opções de transporte em distâncias curtas considerando a eficiência energética é uma necessidade de operações de lavra a céu aberto, mas existem poucos estudos recentes que priorizam esta variável em projetos de mineração. As operações de carga e transporte são amplamente dependentes de combustíveis fósseis. Essas operações também necessitam de pneus como um importante insumo. Existem alguns trabalhos que relacionam o consumo de combustíveis e o desgaste dos pneus a variáveis operacionais, mas uma metodologia que identifique as variáveis de maior impacto frente a condições específicas ainda não está disponível. O presente trabalho fornece novos métodos de simulação para equipamentos alternativos, consumo de combustíveis e gestão do desgaste de pneus. Análises de regressão linear múltipla, simulações e ferramentas de desenho de mina permitem identificar e controlar variáveis ligadas ao consumo de combustíveis, desgaste de pneus e seleção de equipamentos. Os estudos envolvendo equipamentos alternativos alcançaram uma redução de 14% no consumo de diesel e um aumento de 16% na produtividade. Com relação às técnicas de gestão do consumo de combustível aplicada aos caminhões observou-se uma redução de 10%. Considerando o sistema de gestão de desgaste de pneus, a aplicação do método proposto possui um potencial de evitar o descarte de 8,9 t de borracha para pneus em apenas um trimestre.

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Xongo, Nosipho. "The impact of mining on infrastructure development and poverty reduction in mining communities." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1018576.

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There is a growing concern from government, communities, civil society and mining companies on the sustained development of the impact of mining on communities and the benefits of mineral development. Communities are more vocal in expressing their expectations for benefits and on the other hand mines are concerned about profits and maintaining a social licence to operate. This study critically evaluates the impact mining has on socio-economic development in mining communities. The focus area of the study is the West Rand District Municipality in Gauteng Province, South Africa. The ‘impact’ refers to the mine’s contribution to infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects in areas where the mine is operating and sourcing labour from. Forecasts for better performance in the future will be assessed. Issues such as community consultation, identification of projects, development forums, the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) and partnerships are addressed. The literature was reviewed from existing national and international research on the topic. The study starts from two assumptions. The first is that minerals are potentially a great resource of wealth for poor countries. The second assumption is that minerals have the potential to benefit the local population through the creation of indirect employment, skills transfer, enhancing the capacity of health and education services, improved infrastructure and small and medium business opportunities. Poverty levels are viewed on a national and international scale. The study reveals problems, with existing approaches, on mine community development. It concludes that the impact of mining on infrastructure development and poverty reduction projects can be huge, but only if a variety of demanding preconditions are met. The study concludes that the reality of mineral led development in mine communities has not lived up to a roaring promise.

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Marshall, Peter David. "The environmental impact of mining and metalworking activities in Steiermark, Austria." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.325270.

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Yao, Kouadio Assemien François. "Développement d'une méthodologie pour une meilleure évaluation des impacts environnementaux de l'industrie extractive." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTG001/document.

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L’industrie minière joue un rôle important dans le développement économique de nos pays. Cependant, les projets miniers font de nos jours face à de sérieuses oppositions tant des communautés locales que des organismes de protection de l'environnement, en raison des impacts potentiels associés à l'extraction minière. Pour concilier les besoins de production de matières premières (assurer le développement économique) et la prise en compte de la préservation de la qualité de l'environnement, il est nécessaire d'évaluer les impacts environnementaux potentiels, conséquences des activités minières avant leur début et choisir les meilleures options d’un point de vue environnemental. L’Étude d’Impact Environnemental (EIE) est une procédure qui permet d’identifier et d’évaluer les impacts d’un projet. Les projets miniers sont assujettis à une telle étude. Or bien que la procédure d’EIE soit obligatoire, la réglementation ne prescrit aucune méthode d’évaluation des impacts ; qui est laissée au choix du praticien. L’objectif général de cette thèse est de proposer une méthode permettant d’évaluer plus efficacement les impacts environnementaux de l’industrie minière. Pour y parvenir deux approches ont été explorées : la méthodologie d’Analyse et d’Évaluation des Impacts environnementaux Miniers (MAEIMIN) développée dans cette thèse et la méthodologie d’Analyse de Cycle Vie (ACV) qui est une technique standardisée ISO. MAEIMIN est une technique basée sur la démarche d’analyse de risque et permet d’évaluer les impacts en prenant en comptes les conditions climatiques, géologiques et de l’état initial de la zone. L’ACV est quant à elle une technique standardisée qui permet d’évaluer les impacts produits sur le site et ceux générés hors du site mais dont les activités génératrices sont liées au système étudié. Ces méthodes ont été mises en œuvre sur une mine d’or en Côte d’Ivoire. MAEIMIN, en prenant en compte les caractéristiques particulières de la zone d’étude, a montré des résultats d’impacts élevés aussi bien pour la pollution des eaux de surface que pour les eaux souterraines, principalement aux étapes d’exploitation et d’après-mine. Cette étude a également montré que les sources de pollution entraînant des impacts de niveau élevé comprennent les dépôts de résidus (terrils et effluents), les sols préalablement contaminées par des retombées de poussière et les travaux miniers. S’agissant de l’ACV, qui est par essence une méthode généraliste, elle a permis plus particulièrement de mettre en évidence des impacts off-site assez significatifs. Pour les effets on-site, l’étude a montré que les impacts sur la santé humaine sont essentiellement dus aux émissions de métaux par les activités d’exploitation (traitement du minerai et gestion des résidus miniers ainsi que les émissions de l’abattage). Enfin, notre travail a permis de montrer une meilleure prise en compte de l’ensemble des impacts par une combinaison de MAEIMIN et de l’ACV dans les procédures d’EIE
An increasing demand of mineral resources is associated with modern society development. In parallel, mining projects face strong oppositions both from public and from environment protection agencies, due to the potential impacts associated with ore extraction. In order to conciliate the needs of producing raw materials and of taking into account the preservation of the quality of the environment, it is necessary to assess the environmental impact previous to the start of the mining activities. The Environmental Impact Assessment procedure helps to identify and evaluate the environmental impacts of a project. Although Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) procedure is mandatory, the regulations do not impose any impact assessment method. Thus, EIA practitioners are free to use the method that suits them and their own expertise to estimate the environmental impacts of a project. The main purpose of this work is to propose a method to more effectively evaluate the environmental impacts of the mining industry. To achieve this, two approaches have been explored: the Mining Environmental Impact Assessment Methodology (MEIAM) developed in this thesis and the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a standardized methodology. MEIAM is based on the risk analysis approach and makes it possible to evaluate the impacts taking into account the climatic and geological conditions and the initial state of the zone. LCA is a standardized technique that assesses the impacts produced on the site and those generated off-site but whose generating activities are related to the system studied. These methods were implemented on a gold mine in Côte d’Ivoire.MEIAM, taking into account the particular characteristics of the study area, showed high impact results for both surface water and groundwater pollution, mainly at the operation and post-closure stages. This study has also shown that pollution sources with high level impacts include tailings, soils previously contaminated by dust fallout and mining works. Regarding the LCA, which is in essence an overall method, it has made it possible to highlight quite significant off-site impacts. For on-site effects, the study showed that the impacts on human health are mainly due to metal emissions from operation activities (ore processing and tailings management as well as blasting). Finally, our work showed that all the impacts were better taken into account by a combination of MEIAM and LCA in the EIA procedures

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Schwab, Julia. "Undermining the Local: Power, Acceptance, and Confidence surrounding a Chilean Mining Operation : Social Impacts of the Mining Operation Los Pelambres on the Cuncumén Community." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Naturresurser och hållbar utveckling, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-413487.

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The present ethnographic research explores the socio-economic repercussions of a copper mining operation in Chile on its host community. By examining the development of the relationship between this local community and the mining company since the latter’s arrival, this thesis sheds light on the possible (secondary) impacts of corporate social responsibility (CSR) measures and participatory spaces on intracommunal dynamics. Previous work has emphasized that enduring relationships involving participatory decision-making are crucial to build up trust and acceptance towards mining operations. However, these studies have not sufficiently focused on how such participatory mechanisms and ‘friendly’ relationships play out within the communities, on an intracommunal level. This research has addressed this gap by conducting an ethnographic fieldwork in a local community and capturing the community member’s view on the role of the mining company and their CSR measures for them and their community as a whole. This thesis found that the troublesome past with the mining operation has damaged the host community’s trust and acceptance in the involved mining companies. While disappointment and distrust were carried into more recent negotiations, community members also build up confidence and hope for a more harmonious relationship bearing new opportunities for their community. However, tracing back the history between the local community and the mining company, the thesis found that relations between the mining company and locals oscillated between protest against and dialogue. This shows that while (in-) direct economic benefits are recognized and appreciated, detrimental environmental impacts are not overlooked and still denounced. Furthermore, the rather corporate- than community-centered approach of the mining company’s CSR is criticized because it (1) neglects the common good, and (2) treats some groups/individuals in the community as more entitled to receive benefit than others. A general lack of reflection on the part of the mining company is attested: the mining company’s CSR leads to unwanted intracommunal discontent. The majority of the community leaders have full-time jobs and other obligations in addition to the time-consuming roles and related engagement on behalf of the community. On top of that, they lack sufficient support and participation of other community members to advance the work in the participatory spaces more efficiently and address the shortcomings of the commitments of the mining company accurately. However, there are historical reasons, rumors about corruption related to the mining company, and a violent discussion culture which step by step lead to a withdrawal of many community members from participating. In general, distrust, disunity, and disinformation dominate the atmosphere when it comes to the participatory spaces – but also more and more when it comes to community life itself. This in turn was observed to be both a product of and precondition for a prevailing victim mentality among the community which is characterized by demotivation, passivity, and pessimism. Valuable energy is trapped in a vicious circle rather than channeled towards action: there is no unified effort to address the problems on a community-mine level, the community stays overwhelmed, and in turn, has a hard time focusing and targeting the different issues they are facing systematically.
Mining of copper and molybdenum are crucial for our modern lifestyle: they are used for example in electronics, construction, alloys, and transport. Often, the use and consumption of such minerals are alienated from their extraction and production. There is an extensive body of literature on the environmental impacts of mining operations on the ground, however, there is also a need for a more sophisticated analysis which goes beyond the notion of the mere ‘ecological environment’. In this sense, anthropology can make an important contribution in the (re-)presentation of local realities. Therefore, this thesis critically examines, over time, the social and economic repercussions of a mining operation on its host community. Also, it discusses the so called ‘corporate social responsibility’ (CSR) measures implemented by the mining company to gain more acceptance within the local community. By conducting an ethnographic fieldwork in a local community in Chile, I captured the community member’s opinions of the mining operation next door and the CSR program. The thesis found that relations between the mining company and locals oscillated between protest against and dialogue. While economic benefits, for example through jobs or donations for the community, are recognized and appreciated, detrimental environmental impacts are denounced. The rather troublesome past with the mining company has damaged the host community’s trust in and acceptance of the mining operation. However, some community members are still confident and hope for new opportunities through the CSR measures conducted by the mining company. Yet, the CSR approach is also criticized because it (1) neglects the common good, and (2) treats some groups/individuals in the community as more entitled to receive benefit than others. A general lack of reflection on the part of the mining company is attested: the mining company’s CSR leads to unwanted intracommunal discontent. In general, the thesis found that the scope and severity of the environmental and socio-economic problems the host community is facing is overwhelming its capacity to engage and respond effectively. The majority of the community leaders have full-time jobs and other obligations in addition to the time-consuming roles and related engagement on behalf of the community. On top of that, many community members have withdrawn from participatory decision-making spaces. Rumors about corruption have spread distrust among the community and a violent discussion culture has fostered demotivation and disunity. This atmosphere is affecting not just these participatory spaces, but more and more community life itself. This in turn was observed to be both a product of and precondition for a prevailing victim mentality among the community. Such a victim mentality is characterized by passivity and pessimism. Valuable energy is trapped in a vicious circle rather than channeled towards action: there is no unified effort to address the problems with the mining company, the community stays overwhelmed, and in turn, has a hard time focusing and targeting the different issues they are facing systematically.

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Sousa, Rodolfo Neiva de. "Planning and implementing solutions for artisanal gold mining sites, preventing environmental impacts and rehabilitating degraded areas : a Brazilian case study." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/27950.

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Artisanal small scale gold mining (ASGM) is a large source of environmental, health and safety problems in more than 70 developing countries, employing more than 15 million people, motivated by the current high price of gold and lack of better economic opportunities. Around 200,000 miners are located in Brazil with 40,000 concentrated in the Tapajos River Basin, in the Amazon. In this region, they extract gold by using rudimentary processes, causing mercury contamination, river siltation and deforestation. This thesis conducted research in the Tapajós region highlighting the strengths of some initiatives introduced by the GEF/UNDP/UNIDO Global Mercury Project from 2002 to 2008. Its training program was delivered to 4,200 artisanal miners in 141 mining sites, and it focused on disseminating 20 good mining practices. Performance indicators have shown that the conformance to standards before and after the program improved from 22 to 51%, with highest success on reduction of mercury (43%) and river siltation (37%), and improvement of sanitation (40%) in the participating sites. This study suggests the use of a heuristic approach to environmental impact assessment and ways to address those variables in intervention programs through training and education. The study also presents a successful rehabilitation initiative using simple local materials. In the participating sites 128 pits were backfilled after training and some of them revegetated. In another case study, a pilot plant to pre-concentrate gold with centrifuge followed by intensive cyanidation of the concentrate in a ball mill has demonstrated to be a fast and advantageous alternative to replace the current 20-day vat leaching or even amalgamation. This pilot study reduced cyanide consumption more than 20 times and may represent an economy of US$150,000/a in NaCN. Finally, this study analyzes 20 Brazilian regulations that affect ASGM, shows that many of them have not been effective, and suggests recommendations that would help to organize the miners and give them proper access to training, technical assistance and technology.

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Sabbag, Omar Jorge. "Impactos da construção da UHE "Três Irmãos" sobre a atividade de mineração : importância de uma gestão ambiental /." Presidente Prudente : [s.n.], 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/89817.

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Orientador: João Osvaldo Rodrigues Nunes
Banca: João Lima Sant'Anna Neto
Banca: Rosângela Aparecida de Medeiros Hespanhol
Banca: Sérgio Luiz de Carvalho
Banca: Edvaldo César Moretti
Resumo: A presente tese teve como objetivo realizar um levantamento dos impactos causados com a construção da Usina Hidrelétrica de "Três Irmãos" em especial à atividade de mineração, na cidade de Pereira Barreto - SP, com o intuito de propor um gerenciamento de conflitos adequado às situações semelhantes. Para obtenção e interpretação dos dados, foram utilizados questionários, documentos, censos estatísticos, leis ambientais, bem como o uso de metodologias de análise de impactos - o checklist e a matriz de interação, além de uma proposta metodológica para avaliação de opções e planejamento para posterior elaboração de um organograma roteiro de gerenciamento de conflitos. Os resultados apontam que os diversos impactos negativos suplantam os positivos, havendo na atividade de mineração em específico, uma redução de 67% de mão-de-obra (com uma reserva estimada de apenas 15 anos a partir de 2005), além de haver uma diminuição de 87% da população, provocada pela migração para outras regiões. Outro ponto de destaque foi a ausência de um plano de gestão de conflitos, conseqüente da ausência de reconhecimento e participação pública no processo de decisão, assim como o descaso da Administração Municipal quanto ao setor mineral, demonstrando a necessidade de trabalhar, numa abordagem sistêmica, a gestão de forma compartilhada e sustentável entre os atores envolvidos, de forma a interagir com as políticas governamentais e a legislação correlata.
Abstract: For present thesis it had as objective to accomplish an impact survey caused with by construction of the Hydroelectric Plant of "Três Irmãos" especially to the mining activity, in the Pereira Barreto - SP, with end of proposing a management of adequate conflicts to the similar situations. For obtainment and interpretation of the data, it was used questionnaires, documents, statistical censuses, environmental laws, as well as the impact methodology analysis - checklist and the interaction head office, besides a methodological proposal for options and planning evaluation for posterior elaboration of a conflicts management script organization chart. The results have show that the several negative impacts supplant the positive, existing in the mining activity in specific, a reduction of 67% of workmanship (with a reserve estimate of just 15 years starting from 2005), besides existing a decrease of 87% of the population, provoked by the migration for other regions. Other highlight point was the absence of a conflicts administration plan, consequent of the recognition absence and public participation in the decision process, as well as the negligence of the Municipal Administration regarding the mineral sector, demonstrating the need of work, in an approach generalized, the administration of shared and sustainable form between involved actors, a way of interacting with government politics and the correlated legislation.
Doutor

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Rouch, Matthew. ""Mining" for a Reference Condition in Southern West Virginia Streams." VCU Scholars Compass, 2014. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/3619.

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Quarterly samples were used to estimate assemblage-level (all species combined) fish production within three minimally-impacted, southern West Virginia streams. The total annual fish production estimate was highest in Slaunch Fork (37.52 kg∙ha-1∙y-1), a tributary of the Tug Fork River, and lowest in Cabin Creek (10.59 kg∙ha-1∙y-1), a Guyandotte River tributary. Creek Chub Semotilus atromaculatus, Mottled Sculpin Cottus bairdii and Blacknose Dace Rhinicthys atratulus were the most abundant species among sites, accounting for >90% of all sampled individuals. Reference condition criteria were also selected and metrics calculated for each of the three stream sites using a variety of established metrics. According to established criteria, all three of our sites scored high enough to be listed as “reference” sites. Third, a comprehensive GIS analysis was conducted in order to determine land use patterns and predict where similar assemblages would be present using various climatological and physical characteristics of our stream sites. These analyses revealed rapid expansion of surface mining activities putting many stream systems at risk.

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Herron, Steven K. "The hydrogeological impacts of longwall coal mining-induced susidence, northern Wasatch plateau, Utah : a modular, three- dimensional, finite-difference flow model." Virtual Press, 1996. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1020152.

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the ground-water system was studied in Burnout Canyon, Northern Wasatch Plateau, Utah to provided hydrogeologic information relative to the impacts of longwall coalmining induced subsidence. The longwall panels of coal are overlain by approximately 600 feet of interbedded sand, silt, and shale. The water-bearing zones are comprised of local 1enticular sand lenses. Well analysis and locations of springs indicated that multiple ground-water systems are operating within the study area.A modular three-dimensional, finite-difference flow model (MODFLOW) was used to simulate the multiple water-bearing zones and associated hydrostratigraphy above the mine. The model was used to assess the distribution of head over space both pre- and post-subsidence, using absolute heads and measured values of mine-inflow for model calibration. Longwall retreat was simulated with two model runs, each representing a new face position. Model calibration indicated that spatial head distributions were affected by subsidence.
Department of Geology

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Iattoni, Giulia. "Electronic waste: hazards and opportunities for urban mining." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/17822/.

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Since a couple of decades, society has been revolutionized by electrical and electronic equipment: it is ubiquitous and once discarded it contributes to generate one of the fastest-growing waste stream categories at this time. The purpose of this study is to discuss the complex nature of the WEEE sector intended as indispensable resource, including also the specific hazards that must be considered for a proper and valorising management. The first chapter introduces the wide background of urban waste in terms of production, collection and disposal. Then, an overview on the flows, classification and legal framework of electronic waste is provided. In the second chapter the analysis will focus on the improper management of e-waste which is extremely intensive and risky, therefore several possible situations will be qualitatively investigated in terms of environmental impacts and risks for human health. The third chapter will explore the concept of urban mining secondary raw materials in the context of e-waste, pointing out the current state of innovation, future challenges and present limitations. The fourth and last chapter of the study applies the Life Cycle Assessment methodology on waste mobile phones for three different End-of-Life scenarios. The aim is to demonstrate through a scientifically based tool the concepts presented in the previous part of the thesis and to outline the environmental benefits of components and materials recovery in terms of saved emissions through the evaluation of three impact categories: Global Warming Potential, Acidification Potential and Ecological Scarcity. Given from one hand the huge quantities involved in the WEEE sector in terms of volumes and impacts, and from the other the scarcity and increasing demand of raw materials, it is reasonable to consider e-waste as a key element to work on in order to adress some of the Sustainable Development Goals adopted by the United Nations.

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Fang, Yao-chuen. "Scientific research impact and data mining applications in hydrogeology." Connect to this title online, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1092774125.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2004.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 122 p.; also includes graphics (some col.). Includes bibliographical references (p. 118-122). Available online via OhioLINK's ETD Center

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Mengwe, Moses Seargent. "Towards social impact assessment of copper-nickel mining in Botswana." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/1443.

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This research study is more of an initiative towards Social Impact Assessment of copper-nickel mining in Botswana. The specific objectives of the study were centred on the assessment of the social impacts of copper-nickel mining in Botswana from the initial mining stage of exploration, surveying and mine site development to mine closure. The study was carried out under the broad hypotheses that mining influences population movement that impact on areas of mining; mining activities have both economic benefits and deleterious social impacts on the local communities found in the areas where mining is taking place; and mine closure has far reaching socio-economic, investment and developmental implications over and above the obvious interests of project owners. To achieve the broad aim as summarised above, the research study used a multi-disciplinary methodology and approach that required several kinds of expertise and sources of information. Hence it used both primary and secondary sources centred on interactive informative interviews, site visits and observations, questionnaires, census data records, mining companies’ publications, published textbooks and journal articles. The research study comprised of three different mines operated by three different mining companies in three varied socio-cultural and ethnic regions of Botswana. First was a detailed Social Impact Assessment of the initial phase of exploration, surveying and mine site development represented by Mowana mine project operated by African Copper in the rural areas of Dugwi and Mosetse. This case study yielded results showing that the social impacts of mining in the area are diverse and extensive. The findings suggest that the impacts relate not only to the possible economic benefits of foreign exchange, employment, the optimal use of available mineral resources and the possible development of Dugwi and Mosetse villages, but extends to the deleterious social impacts. The results also indicated that the social impacts have just begun in the two communities. Hence they point towards a possible disruption within the socio-cultural system of the local people if serious mitigation measures are not put in place; thus suggesting that the early stages of exploration and mine site development results in the most conflict between the mine and the local people. Second was a comprehensive Social Impact Assessment of Tati-Nickel Phoenix mining project in the peri-urban areas of Matshelagabedi and Matsiloje areas representing the mining stage of mine production and expansion. The results from this case study suggest that during vi mine production and expansion, many people were relocated. However, the overriding impression gained from the case study was Tati-Nickel Mining Company’s elaborate corporate policies that suggested good corporate governance and best practices that promote sustainable development. A notable milestone on good corporate governance and best practice that the other two case studies (mining company) could benchmark on is Tati-Nickel’s corporate social responsibility programme that has been designed to ensure that the communities within a fifty kilometre mine radius benefit from the mine. The results from the case study also distinguished the mining stage of production and expansion from the other two because it is associated with the deep entrenchment of the social impacts into the communities near to mining areas. Third was a detailed Social Impact Assessment on Bamangwato Concession Limited mine in the industrial town of Selebi-Phikwe. The case study represented the stage of mine closure. Through the findings of this case study, it became apparent that the economic dependence of Selebi-Phikwe on mining has seen the town developing into a mining town, increasing its vulnerability at mine closure. The results from the case study further suggest that mine closure will degrade the socio-economic sector of the town with ever far reaching socio-economic implications as many people lose their gainful employment, hence suggesting that a possible complete mine closure will be the most traumatic phase leading to major social conflict within the area. Thus the results suggest that at mine closure, the deleterious social impacts will overspill to other areas in Botswana with disastrous effects for the economy of the country. The results yielded through this study established in clear and passionate language that copper-nickel mining in Botswana influences population movements that lead to positive and negative impacts on the communities found in mining areas. Another major finding of the study is that copper-nickel mining activities have both economic benefits and deleterious social impacts on the local communities, hence the recommendation that the copper-nickel mining companies should embrace the concept of sustainable mining for sustainable development to avoid most of the negative impacts of their operations on the local communities.

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Sam, Frederick. "The assessment of potential impacts of open cast gold mining on the regional groundwater flow system in hard rock environments : with special reference to Ghana." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2014. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/4486/.

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We consider a simple semi-empirical scoping calculation in conjunction with mathematical models to estimate the radius of impact (Ri) and to determine the circumstances under which gold mines in Ghana are likely to have adverse effect on water levels and volumes in surrounding villages/farms. The approach involves the assessment of local mine geometries, collation and examination of hydraulic conductivity data and the assessment of recharge infiltration rate. Most of the models used with the entire conductivity dataset (Group A) predicted very close radius of impacts to mine with less than few 100m with a median distance of 400m from the mine’s edge. Although it is expected that 25% of cases could reach up to 2km and further if the system was anisotropic. Derogation of water level and volume is more of a problem for Group B and C aquifer systems of higher conductivity values. Model results show that 50% of cases could reach up to 3.6km with a range of 2.7km to 5.1km, and 3km with a range of 2km to 4.6km from mine centre respectively. Nevertheless, Ri could reach 7.6km and further in extreme cases if the system was anisotropic. With regards to Ghana, by constraining conductivity values using water volumes produced by mines in Ghana, and comparing with the model output, it is tentatively suggested that the most likely Ri values are those calculated with the Group B dataset. It should, however, be noted that this results are very sensitive to hydraulic conductivity, and therefore there is the need in Ghana to publish conductivity and volume data to enable suggestions from this work to be confirmed.

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Zhang, Qian. "Use of Time Series Analysis to Evaluate the Impacts of Underground Mining on Hydrological Properties of Dysart Woods, Ohio." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1282225890.

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Carvalho, Mara Gilene Alves de. "Estratégia ambiental pró-ativa: sequenciamento de lavra concomitante com a disposição de estéril dentro da mina." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-03072009-150534/.

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Este trabalho propõe uma metodologia inovadora de seqüenciamento de lavra em minério de ferro a qual, além de considerar os parâmetros operacionais e econômicos das técnicas tradicionais, permite uma abordagem ambiental proativa para sequenciar a lavra de forma a antecipar a exaustão de parte da cava para disposição do estéril dentro da cava final. A metodologia proposta de seqüenciamento ordenado de lavra permite reduzir a área degradada a ser reabilitada na mina, com significativos benefícios associados à reducão do impacto ambiental, sem comprometer as metas de produtividade e competitividade econômica da lavra. A metodologia de seqüenciamento ordenado de lavra foi aplicada em um estudo de caso de projeto de lavra de minério de ferro, e os resultados alcançados comprovaram os benefícios esperados com a aplicação da metodologia proposta.
This paper presents a innovative approach for an environmentally pro-active mine scheduling process. The proposed methodology has been developed for identifying a mine sequence that meets all operational and economical constraints in iron-ore mining, and takes into account a pro-active approach for scheduling the mine according to environmental criteria. The proposed methodology allows a significant reduction of the environmental impact related to the mining operation without compromising productivity and the economical feasibility of the mine. The methodology has been applied to a case study of iron ore mining in Brazil, where the expected benefits have been proven.

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Merefield, John Rainbow. "The use of heavy metals in stream sediments for assessing the environmental impact of mining." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.332320.

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Ibáñez, López Grethell C. "Análisis de rechazo de proyectos mineros en Chile, presentados al sistema de evaluación de impacto ambiental entre 2005-2014." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2017. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/151403.

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Memoria para optar al Título Profesional de Ingeniera Forestal
Este trabajo tiene como finalidad el análisis de las causales de reprobación de proyectos mineros presentados al Servicio de Evaluación Ambiental en un periodo de 10 años. Clasifica estos factores y/o causales en cinco componentes ambientales: Suelo, Recursos hídricos, Aire, Flora y Fauna. y los contrapone a otras características de los proyectos, como ubicación, producto minero, inversión, entre otras, a fin de hacer un análisis de ellos de manera descriptiva, se propone también una lista de normativas ambientales aplicables a proyectos mineros a fin de que al titular se le haga más expedita la tramitación de Estudios y/o Declaraciones de impacto ambiental en el área. Finalmente se concluye que la normativa ambiental en Chile es aún insuficiente, demostrando que la minería es una actividad que, mirada desde un punto de vista amplio, deteriora poco a poco los ecosistemas desde un punto de vista ecológico y también social.
This work has the purpose of analyzing the causes of reprobation of mining projects presented to the Environmental Assessment Service in a period of 10 years. It classifies these factors and / or causes into five environmental components: Soil, Water Resources, Air, Flora and Fauna. And contrasts them to other characteristics of the projects, such as location, mining product, investment, among others, in order to analyze them in a descriptive way, it is also proposed a list of environmental regulations applicable to mining projects, so that Holder will be made expedite the processing of Studies and / or Declarations of environmental impact in the area. Finally, it is concluded that the environmental regulations in Chile are still insufficient, demonstrating that mining is an activity that, viewed from a broad point of view, gradually deteriorates ecosystems from an ecological and social point of view.

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Costanzo, Bruno Pontes. "Innovation in impact assessment: a bibliometric review and a practical test." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-07112017-145017/.

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A bibliometric study was carried out to identify the main innovations and shortcomings pointed out by scientific research on impact assessment (IA). Out of 1,547 articles published between 1990 and 2015 in two leading journals, IAPA and EIAR, 381 were reviewed for their contents related to new methodological approaches or proposals for improving practice. It was found that innovations and gaps are predominantly treated disregarding IA\'s theoretical basis. We suggest that IA core values shall always guide innovation. It is proposed that the theoretical boundaries of an IA System shall be previously stablished when discussing innovation. The information systematized through a bibliometric approach allowed to propose a framework that correlates IA theoretical foundations with innovation options in a vertical integration way.
Um estudo bibliométrico foi desenvolvido para identificar as principais inovações e lacunas apontadas pela pesquisa científica em avaliação de impactos (AI). Dos 1.547 artigos publicados entre 1990 e 2015 nos dois periódicos de maior relevância na área, o IAPA e o EIAR, 381 artigos tiveram seus conteúdos analisados em relação a novas abordagens metodológicas ou propostas para melhoria da prática. Verificou-se que as inovações e lacunas são tratadas predominantemente desconsiderando a base teórica de AI. Sugerimos que os valores fundamentais da avaliação de impactos devem sempre orientar a inovação. Propõe-se que as fronteiras teóricas de um Sistema AI sejam estabelecidas previamente ao se discutir a inovação. A informação sistematizada através de uma abordagem bibliométrica permitiu propor uma estrutura que correlaciona os fundamentos teóricos da avaliação de impactos com as opções de inovação.

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Salyer, Melanie. "An evaluation of the economic and environmental impacts of coal mining Flat Gap, Pound, Wise County, Virginia, as case study : a thesis presented to the Department of Geology and Geography in candidacy for the degree of Master of Science /." Diss., Maryville, Mo. : Northwest Missouri State University, 2006. http://www.nwmissouri.edu/library/theses/SalyerMelanie/index.htm.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Northwest Missouri State University, 2006.
The full text of the thesis is included in the pdf file. Title from title screen of full text.pdf file (viewed on January 25, 2008) Includes bibliographical references.

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Nelson, Andrew David. "The environmental history and geomorphic impact of 19th century placer mining along Fraser River, British Columbia." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33987.

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One possible source of part of the 171,000 to 229,000 m³ of gravel that accumulate annually in the gravel bed reach of Fraser River in the Lower Mainland is sediment dumped into the river by 19th century placer gold mining activity. Historical data suggest that, following the Fraser Gold Rush of 1858 and the Cariboo Gold Rush of the 1860s, a substantial placer gold extraction industry was established and continued into the beginning of the 20th century. Gold production figures and typical gold concentrations can be combined as a proxy to estimate that around 50 million m³ of sediment were excavated by mining activity. Excavations caused by mining are still present in the modern landscape. The areas covered by 456 mine excavations were mapped between Hope and the Cottonwood Canyon along Fraser River. A subset of 58 mines was surveyed and strong regression relations predicting mine volume from mine area were found and used to produce estimates of the volume of excavated material. This allows estimation of the total excavated volume of sediment: 45,900,000 m³. Small mines (<315,000 m³) contributed most of the tailings; and only 30% of the tailings came from hydraulic mining. Grainsize sampling and stratigraphic observations suggest average mine tailings were composed of 14% small cobbles, 32% gravel, 41% granules and sand, and 13% silt and clay. The resulting sediment wave on the Fraser can be classified as a megaslug. Sediment transport calculations suggest that the capacity of the Fraser to transport sediment is substantially higher than the average tailings load, so the key factor limiting downstream movement of sediment and resulting delivery to the aggrading reach is the virtual velocity of the sediment. Annual velocities of between 1 and 5 km a-¹ are probable. These velocities predict 100,000 to 700,00 m³a-¹ tailings are delivered to Hope, which compares favorably with the observed aggradation rate. Sediment from placer mining on the main stem of the Fraser may continue to influence the rate of sediment delivery to Hope for another century or more, nevertheless, the historical aggradation rate may not represent future conditions.

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Gutierres, Henrique Elias Pessoa. "A efetividade da gestão ambiental nas empresas de mineração no estado da Paraíba na ótica das comunidades." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/5807.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The mining activity is essential for the development of human societies and at the same time it causes degradations in high power. This activity developed by large companies is common in many countries, including Brazil. The installation and operation of these enterprises do not choose a place, mostly being dependent on a number of factors and having as one of determinants the closeness of exploration area. Thus, mining companies are present from big cities to rural areas far from large population centers. Due to environmental law compliance, this geographical location does not matter, though closer to communities can lead to higher level of social and environmental conflicts and thus require the adoption of instruments to improve environmental management. Based on this understanding, the present study chose three mining companies certified with the ISO 14001 environmental standard located on the municipalities of Boa Vista, João Pessoa e Mataraca in Paraiba State. The aim of this research is to understand how the environmental management of these companies is seen by people from nearby communities, requiring an understanding of the everyday actions of these companies in the environmental area, as well as obtain and record the opinions of homemakers in neighboring communities. From the obtainment of social and economical reality of these residents, the answers related to environmental management developed in these enterprises were handled by Pareto Diagram, allowing to check if there are differences on relationships between the three study areas in aspects such as environmental education, pollution, health and others. Finally, the understanding of the relationship between environmental impacts, environmental certifications and communities to the same branch of activity pointed out the peculiarities of environmental certifications for each locality with regard to the relationship with nearby communities.
A mineração é atividade essencial para o desenvolvimento da sociedade humana e ao mesmo tempo de alto poder degradador, desenvolvida por grandes empresas em vários países, inclusive no Brasil. A instalação e operação desses empreendimentos não escolhem lugar, na maioria das vezes, estando condicionadas a uma série de fatores, tendo a proximidade com a área de exploração como determinante. Dessa forma, as empresas de mineração estão presentes em grandes cidades até em áreas rurais distantes dos grandes aglomerados populacionais, sendo a maior proximidade com comunidades um fator para um maior nível de conflitos socioambientais, o que exige a adoção de instrumentos de melhoria na gestão ambiental desses empreendimentos. Partindo desse entendimento, a pesquisa analisou três áreas localizadas em municípios do Estado da Paraíba (Boa Vista, João Pessoa e Mataraca), que possuem mineradoras certificadas pela norma ambiental ISO 14001. O objetivo foi entender de que forma a gestão ambiental dessas empresas é vista pelas pessoas das comunidades mais próximas, tomando como referência as ações desenvolvidas pela área ambiental dessas empresas e a opinião das donas-de-casa. A partir da obtenção da realidade socioeconômica das moradoras, as respostas dadas foram tratadas por meio da técnica do Diagrama de Pareto, possibilitando verificar a existência de diferenças quanto ao relacionamento entre as três áreas estudadas no tocante à educação ambiental, poluição e saúde. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que o fator proximidade empresa-comunidade não é garantia de um relacionamento harmonioso. Por fim, o entendimento da relação entre impactos ambientais, certificação ambiental e comunidades para um mesmo ramo de atividade evidenciou as peculiaridades da gestão ambiental para cada localidade no que se refere ao relacionamento com as comunidades próximas, podendo ser constatado que a certificação ambiental não é certeza de um bom relacionamento com a comunidade. Logo, os estudos em Geografia na área ambiental necessitam de análises que busquem compreender as relações da sociedade com seu ambiente, obtendo-se as percepções das pessoas que ali vivenciam o cotidiano, buscando subjetividades e informações darealidade socioespacial.

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Peña, Moreno Efraín. "Comparative Law and Reflections on the Progressive Closing of Mining Projects in Colombia and Peru." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118328.

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The objective of this article is to present the importance of implementing the Closure Planfor Mineral Projects. To this purpose, the author studies and analyzes success stories of closing mining projects, in particular, focuses its analysis on Colombian and Peruvian cases.
El objetivo de este artículo es dar a conocer la importancia de la implementación del Plan de Cierre de Proyectos Mineros. Para tal fin, el autor parte del estudio y análisis de casos exitosos de cierre de proyectos mineros, en particular, centra su análisis en los escenarios colombiano y peruano.

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Shongwe, Bonisile Nolwando. "The impact of coal mining on the environment and community quality of life: a case study investigation of the impacts and conflicts associated with coal mining in the Mpumalanga Province, South Africa." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/28127.

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Coal is South Africa's major primary energy source, and plays a significant role in supplying the chemicals and steelmaking industries. The benefits of coal production are relevant in the light of South Africa's development priorities of job creation and economic growth. Even so, primary metal production and coal-based power generation industries, through their operations and activities, pose a significant and irreversible risk to the surrounding environment. The impact on the environment further manifests on the health of local communities and on sustainable livelihoods, and frequently also presents a long-term economic burden and loss of valuable resources. Despite changes in legislation and improved social and environmental performance by the industry, there is growing concern over the impacts and conflicts associated with coal mining, with continuing claims by communities and civil society of associated health issues, cattle and livestock death, and destruction of livelihoods. However, to date, little attempt appears to have been made to support community concerns and perceptions with factual evidence and information, suggesting a lack of convergence between lay and expert knowledge. This dissertation investigates the facts, perceptions, concerns and conflicts in the mine-environment-community cause-effect chain in the context of the environmental and social impacts associated with the South African coal mining industry. More specifically this entails a detailed review of published data on academic literature, newspaper articles, popular magazines, and internet and specialist reports, with particular emphasis on the South African scenario; and semi-structured interviews with representatives from communities, civil society organisations, and independent environmental consultants. Particular focus is placed on coal mining in the Mpumalanga Province, which accounts for over 84% of South Africa's coal production. This was done with a view to developing a better understanding of the interrelationships between the coal mining industry and the local environment and society in which it operates. It is envisaged that this will ultimately serve to facilitate the development of sustainable solutions to the concerns and conflicts associated with coal mining. Historically, coal mining has had a significant impact on the environment and there is substantial evidence of a strong link between environmental pollution from mining activities and the health and well-being of humans and eco-systems in the surrounding vicinities. These impacts can be largely associated with water quality, physical and chemical land degradation, and air pollution through dust fall-out and emissions of particulate matter (PM) and toxic gases. In particular, AMD from coal mining results in significant pollution of land and water resources. The published literature provides evidence that this environmental pollution may, and often does, have an adverse effect on local eco-systems as well as on community health and livelihoods, particularly on crop and livestock farming. The findings also indicate that there has been response to these concerns by government and the industry. The government has instituted a number of legislative reforms, particularly since 2002, and has established programmes aimed at improving socio-economic challenges in mining towns. Industry has also taken steps to improve its environmental performance, in terms of waste management, mine water reclamation and post-closure rehabilitation. The literature findings were found to be largely consistent with the perceptions and concerns of communities, community support groups and consultants active in the coal-mining regions of Mpumalanga Province. The perceptions of the coal mining and processing sector were extremely negative; all participants expressed considerable concern over the environmental and social impacts. Emissions, particularly AMD and dust, from current and defunct workings and waste piles continue to be a source of water pollution, air pollution and land degradation which further have an adverse effect on aquatic life and human health as well as on livestock and crop productivity. Of particular concern in the coal-mining intensive area of Mpumalanga, is the impact of environmental pollution on maize production. With increasing public knowledge and awareness of these impacts, which can be largely attributed to the activities of the relatively large number of civil society organisations that now exist, the concerns and incidents relating to the environmental and socio-economic impacts from coal mining in the Mpumalanga area are generally well reported. The general consensus was that the concerns of communities and community-support organisations are not been taken seriously, and that government and industry are failing to alleviate the environmental degradation and human suffering in the Mpumalanga coal-mining areas. The lack of adequate response on the part of both the government and industry, and the continuing issues of environmental pollution and adverse community effects, have resulted in on-going (and possibly escalating) conflict situations in the form of community activisim, protests and litigation. This lack of response from government was, furthermore, considered as highly politicised and attributed largely to unethical arrangements between government officials and/or community leaders and mining corporations. Participants were generally of the perception that the negative aspects of coal mining outweigh any benefits and should be discontinued completely. The findings of this dissertation suggest that effective rehabilitation, consistent implementation and enforcement of the regulations designed to protect the environment and society, and stakeholder collaboration are a key requirement in terms of mitigating the environmental impacts and associated risks pertaining to human and livestock health and crop productivity. It is therefore recommended that the government address the rehabilitation of abandoned coal mines and discard dumps in the Mpumalanga Province, and establish action plans, linked to regional development plans, that are based on a comprehensive environmental monitoring programme in collaboration with other stakeholders, including communities, the mining industry and other business sectors in the region. A more detailed study on opportunities to improve the quality and availability of performance reporting by the coal industry is also recommended.

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Smucker, Nathan J. "Using Diatoms and Biofilms to Assess Agricultural and Coal Mining Impacts on Streams, Spatio-Temporal Variability, and Successional Processes." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1276285170.

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Saup, Casey Morrisroe. "Biogeochemical Cycling in Pristine and Mining-Impacted Upland Fluvial Sediments." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1593664378874682.

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45

Watanabe, Carmen Ballão [UNESP]. "Impactos ambientais da mineração do folhelho pirobetuminoso nos meios físico e antrópico em São Mateus do Sul, Paraná." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102928.

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Entre as mais variadas atividades econômicas geradoras de alterações significativas no meio ambiente, a mineração tem sido considerada altamente impactante, por gerar profundas mudanças nos meios físico, biótico e antrópico. Este é o caso da mineração do folhelho pirobetuminoso da Formação Irati, extraído a céu aberto no município paranaense de São Mateus do Sul. O objetivo desta tese foi levantar os impactos ambientais desencadeados durante as fases de implantação e operação da Mina Dois Irmãos, lavrada pela PETROBRAS-SIX desde 2009, identificando seus efeitos sobre a comunidade local, com vistas ao delineamento de uma estratégia de gestão participativa que conduza esta atividade econômica à sustentabilidade. Entre os principais impactos levantados estão a desapropriação de 646 hectares de terras pertencentes à 90 famílias de agricultores da Comunidade Dois Irmãos, o rebaixamento do nível freático na área da Mina Dois Irmãos e a geração de ruídos. Foi constatado, por meio da aplicação de questionários às famílias desapropriadas de suas terras, que tais impactos provocam efeitos negativos a longo prazo na comunidade local, como o deslocamento humano involuntário, rompimento das relações sociais estabelecidas internamente, as dificuldades iniciais na retomada das atividades agrícolas nas novas propriedades, surgimento de doenças psicológicas, entre outros detalhados nessa tese. Com a finalidade de contribuir para a minimização dos impactos ambientais da mineração do folhelho pirobetuminoso sobre a comunidade local, foi elaborada e apresentada uma proposta de Agenda 21 Local que poderá ser construída e implementada na Comunidade Dois Irmãos, para que os efeitos dos impactos da mineração sejam minimizados, ao máximo ao mesmo tempo...
Among the various economic activities generating significant changes in the environment, mining has been considered highly impactful, to generate profound changes in the physical, biotic and human environments. This is the case of mining oil shales Formation Irati extracted on a open-pit mine in the city of São Mateus do Sul, Paraná. The objective of this thesis was to identify the environmental impacts triggered during the deployment and operation of the Dois Irmãos Mine, prepared by this PETROBRAS-SIX since 2009, identifying their effects on the local community, toward the design of a participatory management strategy that will lead to economic sustainability of this activity. Among the main impacts are raised to the expropriation of 646 hectares of land belonging to 90 families of farmers in the Community Dois Irmãos, the lowering of the groundwater in the area of Dois Irmãos Mine and noise generation. It was found by means of questionnaires applied to families evicted from their land, that such impacts cause long term adverse effects in the local community, such as involuntary human displacement, disruption of social relations internally, the initial difficulties in the resumption of agricultural activities in new properties, development of psychological diseases, among others detailed in this thesis. Aiming to contribute to reducing the environmental impacts of mining oil shales on the local community, was prepared and submitted a proposal for a Local Agenda 21 which can be constructed and implemented in the Community Dois Irmãos, so that the effects of the impacts of mining are minimized as... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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Fidler, Courtney Riley. "Aboriginal participation in mineral development : environmental assessment and impact and benefit agreements." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/2790.

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In a mineral development scenario, Aboriginal groups rely heavily on Environmental Assessment (EA) and Impact and Benefit Agreements (IBAs) to address their interests and concerns. While EA and IBAs are separate processes – EA is legislated and informed by the Crown, and IBAs operate in the realm of private contract law – together, the two are ostensibly part of a parallel process that connect the Aboriginal group(s), Government and the mining proponent. Indisputably, IBAs support a more inclusive development based on consultation, partnership and participation. IBAs and EA have the potential to enhance Aboriginal involvement in mineral development and positively influence the design and planning of the mine. This thesis examines the Tahltan Nation’s involvement and participation in the Galore Creek Project in British Columbia, and demonstrates the challenges and opportunities that arose during the EA and IBA process. It uses key informant interviews to gain multiple perspectives – from the proponent, Tahltan, and Government, to understand how the Tahltan utilized the EA and IBA to participate in the mineral development.

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Maneya, George Jameson. "An integrated study of coal geology and potential environmental impact assessment at Mchenga Coal Mine in Livingstonia Coalfield in Malawi." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/480.

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This study was carried out on the main coal-producing and the extensively block-faulted area of Mchenga Coal Mine, southeast of the 90 km2 intracratonic Livingstonia Coalfield in the north of Malawi. It was initiated against the background of indistinct information on coal geology, shortage of energy and potential environmental threats due to mine activities. The study aimed at integrating investigations of characterization of the lithostratigraphy, coal seam correlation, coal quality determination, examination of the mineralogy and geochemistry of coal and hosts rocks, assessment of water quality and providing information for mining and potential environmental and water quality impact assessment in the study area. The methodologies used in this study include literature review, field visits, mapping, sites selection and characterization, borehole logging, geochemical analyses, data processing and interpretation. The geochemical analyses include proximity analysis of coal quality, microscopy and X-ray Diffraction for mineralogy and petrology, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) for rock geochemistry and Atomic Absorption Spectrometry for determination water geochemistry. The results have shown that a) The Coal Measures comprises of four to six coal seams in different localities, and the occurrence is flat and gently dipping southeast and are correlated. Thicknesses of the coal seams vary from 0.10m to 3.0m with some notable lateral and horizontal variations. Thick and workable seams occupy the lower portion of the Coal Measures and are exposed along the North Rumphi River bank; b) Coal quality belongs to sub-bituminous ‘A’ to ‘C’ on ASTM classification (1991), being characterised by low moisture content (0.8 to 1.3 wt percent) and sulphur content (0.49 to 0.85 wt percent), high ash content (9.0 to 17 wt percent) and volatile matter (24 to 32.9 wt percent), fixed carbon (53.6 to 62.6 wt percent), calorific value (7,015 to 7,670 kcal/kg); c) Mineral matters constitute approximately 9.55 to 38.34 wt percent of the coal samples, predominantly clays (interstratified illite/smectite and kaolinite) with varying proportions of quartz, mica and feldspars, as well as minor calcite and pyrite and their geochemistry, being characterised by enrichment of SiO2 from 5.37 to 20.56 wt percent, Al2O3 (2.63 to 11.21 wt percent) and K2O (0.32 to 3.65 wt percent) with trace concentrations of CaO (0.04 to 0.41 wt. percent), MgO (0.08 to 0.65 wt percent) and P2O5 (0.018 to 0.037 wt percent) and Na2O concentration notably below 0.01 wt percent; d) Calcite and pyrite constitute minor concentration in both sandstones and shales; e) Water quality in the area is characterised as two groups of acidic (pH 3.3-6.4) and near-neutral to slightly alkaline (pH 6.9-7.3) and low pH, high TDS, SO42- and EC are noted at the coal crusher plant which points out to high leaching of trace elements such as Pb and Fe. Na++K+ are dominant in upper sections of North Rumphi and Mhlepa Rivers. Ca2+ cations are dominant at crusher plant, underground mine and lower section of Mhlepa; f) Based on the geochemistry analysis, Na and trace elements such as Ti, V, Mn, Fe, Zn, Rb, Sr and Zr from coal and host rocks have the ability to contribute significantly to deterioration in the ground and surface water quality in the study area. It can be concluded that the coals of the Livingstonia Coalfield belong to Gondwana group deposited in sub-basin with multiple seams embedded in sandstone and shale host rocks.

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Terrazas, Cosio Bresia Rosalid, Echarri Manuel Gonzalo Rivas, and Antonio Krizia Estefania Hurtado. "Current challenges of mining investment in Peru: Interview with Dr. Luis Carlos Rodrigo Prado." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/118909.

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In this interview, our guest responds to current and controversial issues related to environmental matters and the mining sector. First, the author talks about the variability of numbers for investment in mineral exploration in our country along recent periods. Also, the problem of social unrests, tax issues, permits and licenses, known as «permisología» and their impact on the sector. Similarly, and inevitably, some comment on the widespread use of Contracts Tax Stability and new measures of environmental control, taken by the recently enacted and controversial Law N° 30230 – Law Establishing Tax Measures, Simplification of Procedures and permits for promotion and revitalization of investment in the country, also called «Paquetazo Castilla». Furthermore, about the EIA and the recent creation of SENACE, as part of the Ministry of Environment Agency is analyzed. Finally, our interviewee continues to review the controversial «contribution by regulation» to OEFA and disciplinary proceedings.
En la presente entrevista, nuestro invitado responde a temas vigentes y controvertidos, relativosa materia ambiental y del sector minero. En primer lugar, él habla sobre la cuestión referida a la variabilidad de las cifras de inversión en exploración minera en nuestro país durante los últimos periodos. Asimismo, se analiza el reticente problema de los conflictos sociales, temas tributarios y la conocida «permisología», así como sus correspondientes impactos en el sector. Del mismo modo, e inevitablemente, se comenta sobre la extensión del uso de los Contratos de Estabilidad Tributaria y las nuevas medidas de fiscalización ambiental, adoptadas por la recientemente promulgada y polémica Ley N° 30230 – Ley que establece Medidas Tributarias, Simplificación de Procedimientos y Permisos para la promoción y dinamización de la Inversión en el País, llamada también «Paquetazo Castilla». Siguiendo la misma línea, se analiza lo correspondiente a los EIA y la reciente creación del SENACE, como organismo adscrito al Ministerio de Ambiente. Por último, nuestro entrevistado no deja de opinar sobre el discutido «aporte por regulación» al OEFA y el procedimiento sancionador.

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Wang, Wei J. "Monitoring the impact of surface coal mining on vegetation in southwestern Indiana using remote sensing and GIS." Virtual Press, 2008. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1399198.

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Surface coal mining leads to inevitable changes and notable impact on the physical environment of the earth and engenders immense damage to the landscape and the ecological environment. The dramatic high-speed rock digging and disturbance unavoidably causes ecosystem degradation and destruction. Detecting how surface coal mining affects the environment on the process of land use/cover change is one of the primary concerns to preserve nature and minimize the environmental impacts. Therefore, monitoring and understanding the environmental impact processes in mining areas is critical for sustainable management of the Earth's environment. In this thesis, remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) are applied to assess the spatial environmental impact caused by surface coal mining in southwestern Indiana. The goal of this research is to develop a methodology to classify the coal mining field using satellite imagery and to quantify and assess land use /cover changes using remote sensing and GIS. The specific methods include classification of Landsat Thermal Mapper (TM) data and comparison of the spatial patterns of the classification results in the study region. The results are presented with a 3-D model to better understand and visualize the coal mining effects on the landscape. Results obtained in this study indicate the change area of land use/cover and the potential area for planting crops in southwestern Indiana. Based on the observation of the data results, vegetation in the study area was found to have changed significantly over the study period. In particular, the developed areas have been increasing quickly and the areas of agriculture and forests have been decreasing appreciably.
Department of Geography

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Flores, Jose Cruz do Carmo. "Fechamento da mina : aspectos tecnicos, juridicos e socioambientais." [s.n.], 2006. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286759.

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Orientador: Hildebrando Herrmann
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: o fechamento de mina insere-se como uma nova fase na vida do projeto de mineração. Seus principais objetivos são garantir que a saúde e a segurança públicas não serão comprometidas no futuro; que os recursos ambientais não serão expostos a posterior deterioração biológica, física e ou química; que o uso pós-mineração da propriedade será benéfico à comunidade e sustentável no longo prazo; e que quaisquer impactos socioeconômicos adversos serão mitigados. Os conceitos e procedimentos relativos ao fechamento de mina vêm se expandindo rapidamente, em termos de escopo e responsabilidade dos principais grupos interessados, dentre eles governo, empresas, comunidades impactadas e organizações não-governamentais (ONGs), instituições financeiras de crédito e outros componentes da sociedade civil. O Direito - como ciência social que o é - vem explicitando a consciência e a preocupação da sociedade com o adequado e seguro fechamento das minas, e internalizando as melhores práticas par.a se atingir seus objetivos. Esta tese dedica-se ao estudo e análise da arte do fechamento de mina sob os seus diversos aspectos. Ressalta-se a importância econômica e social da mineração, através da análise dos aspectos positivos e negativos desta atividade humana. Introduz-se o fechamento de mina como uma nova fase do projeto de mineração. Apresentam-se os conceitos de alguns termos usualmente encontrados nos trabalhos relativos ao tema fechamento de mina. Apontam-se as principais causas que conduzem ao fechamento, os tipos de fechamento que podem ocorrer e as etapas que integram o processo. Analisam-se os principais impactos ambientais, econômicos e sociais advindos do fechamento. Abordam-se os aspectos técnicos, jurídicos e socioambientais inerentes ao fechamento de mina na legislação de alguns países selecionados. Sintetiza-se a regulamentação do tema na legislação brasileira. Expõem-se os programas de fechamento de algumas minas brasileiras, de pequeno, médio e grande porte. Ao final, recomendam-se algumas questões inerentes ao evento, como sugestões para futuros estudos e pesquisas, e apresenta-se, como apêndice, a proposta de um conjunto de diretrizes, como contribuição ao estudo do tema e à progressiva regulamentação desta fase do projeto de mineração no Brasil
Abstract: Mine closure is a new stage in the life of a mining project. Its main objectives are guarantee that the future public hea1th and safety are not compromised; environmental resources are not subject to further physical and chemical deterioration; the post-mining use of a site is beneficial and sustainable in the long-tenn; and any adverse socio-economic impacts are minimized. The concepts and principIes surrounding mine closure are rapidly evolving in tenns of the supposed scope and responsibility of the major interested groups, among them government, industry, impacted communities and other stakeholders such as non-governmental organisations (NGOs), financial institutions and other components of civil society. The Law - as a social science - has highlighted the society conscious and preoccupation with the proper and safe mine closure and intemalized the best practices to achieve its purposes. This thesis focuses in the study and analysis of the evolution of mine closure art - under its several aspects. Highlight the economic and social importance of mining, through the analysis of positive and negative aspects of this human activity. Mine closure is introduced as new stage of the mining project. It is presented the concepts of some tenns usually employed in studies related to mine closure. Emphasize the main causes that can direct to closure, the types of closure that can occur and the steps part of this processo The main environmental, economic and social impacts from the mine closure process are analysed. Deal with technical, legal, social and environmental aspects in the law of some selected countries. Synthesize mine closure regulation in the Brazilian Law. Approach the programmes in course for closure of some small, medium and large size Brazilian mines. At the end recommends some points inherent to mine closure as suggestions to future researches and presents, as an appendix, a proposal of guidelines as a contribution to the study and the progressive regulation on mine closure in Brazil
Doutorado
Administração e Politica de Recursos Minerais
Doutor em Ciências

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF MINING'

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