Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental Law of the European Union'

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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Fazil Mammadova, Nigar. "ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." SCIENTIFIC WORK 52, no. 03 (2020): 100–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/aem/2007-2020/52/100-103.

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А. Bisztyga. ""ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION IN SOLVING ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS"." Bulletin of Toraigyrov University. Law series, no. 3,2022 (September 15, 2022): 29–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/ianf3936.

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"On the basis of existing standards in the field of environmental protection, the member States of the European Union are obliged to bring national legislation into line with these standards and ensure that practices comply with the goals set out in the Union’s regulations. The analysis of the formation and development of environmental policy, competence and law of the European Union gives grounds to speak about the accumulated positive experience in this area. The environmental standards and programs developed in the European Union are of interest not only for integration associations of othe
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OKUYUCU ERGÜN, Güneş. "ENVIRONMENTAL CRIMINAL LAW IN THE EUROPEAN UNION." Ankara Üniversitesi Hukuk Fakültesi Dergisi 70, no. 3 (2021): 909–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33629/auhfd.953503.

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Юсупова, Зиля. "THE IMPACT OF EUROPEAN UNION ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY ON THE FRENCH LEGISLATION ON ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Bulletin of the Institute of Law of the Bashkir State University 1, no. 1 (2018): 84–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.33184/vest-law-bsu-2018.1.10.

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The development of legislation on environmental protection in France was significantly influenced by the legislation of the European Union. The close interaction of the legal development of its member states led to the formation of a uniform approach to the implementation of environmental activities. Within the framework of the European Community, and subsequently the European Union, seven sectoral environmental programs for the implementation of measures in the field of environmental protection were developed, which consistently replaced each other. The whole set of legal acts of the European
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Esposito, Fabrizio, and Lucila de Almeida. "European Union Litigation." European Review of Contract Law 18, no. 3 (2022): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2022-2049.

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Abstract This article provides an overview of the most relevant cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2022 and the end of June 2022. Out of a total of 270 judgments decided in this period, 52 had a contract law dimension.
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Nataly Machado. "Energy Taxation Directive: studies on the taxation of energy products for “reasons of environmental policy” in European Union law – commentary on the Endesa Generación Judgment." UNIO – EU Law Journal 10, no. 2 (2024): 57–69. https://doi.org/10.21814/unio.10.2.6049.

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Since the Energy Taxation Directive came into force in 2003, the Court of Justice of the European Union has yet to rule on the conditions under which a tax on energy products used to produce electricity can be considered to be levied “for reasons of environmental policy”. With reference to the particularities of European Union tax law, in particular the prerogatives of the Member States in the field of taxation, this article aims to explore the case law of the CJEU, especially the content of the Endesa Generación Judgment, and to contextualise it both, in light of European Union law and in reg
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Usui, Yoichiro. "Evolving Environmental Norms in the European Union." European Law Journal 9, no. 1 (2003): 69–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0386.00170.

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Geringer, Stefanie. "Reconciling Environmental VAT Differentiations With EU State Aid Law." EC Tax Review 33, Issue 1 (2024): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/ecta2024002.

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Differentiations in value added tax (VAT) rates and VAT exemptions are used to pursue environmental policy goals, among other things. This article analyses the compatibility of such environmental VAT measures with European Union (EU) state aid law. It is found that the criteria for the granting of a fiscal advantage to (certain) undertakings and the liability to (threaten to) distort competition and affect intra-Union trade are typically fulfilled in these situations. Conversely, the qualification of the relevant advantage as ‘state’ aid (as opposed to Union aid) essentially depends on the (vo
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Sadeleer, Nicolas de. "Enforcing EUCHR Principles and Fundamental Rights in Environmental Cases." Nordic Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (2012): 39–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181011x618758.

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So far, EU treaty law does not encapsulate any individually justiciable rights to a clean environment or to health. The article explores whether individuals can rely on the environmental duties embodied in the European Union Charter of Human Rights (EUCHR), and the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR) in cases falling within the scope of EU environmental law. Moreover, it takes a close examination of the case law of both the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights regarding the standing of individuals whose environment is impaired.
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Esposito, Fabrizio, and Lucila de Almeida. "European Union Litigation." European Review of Contract Law 17, no. 3 (2021): 320–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2021-2028.

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Abstract This article provides an overview of cases decided by the Court of Justice of the European Union concerning contract law. The present issue covers the period between the beginning of January 2021 and the end of May 2021.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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Kotsovili, Maria. "Revisiting the role of European Union institutions in the enforcement of European Union environmental law." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 2014. http://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/jspui/handle/123456789/8951.

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Over the past thirty years European Union environmental policy has greatly expanded. Overall, more than three hundred pieces of environmental legislation have been adopted. For many years the European Commission was primarily preoccupied with the introduction of new legislative initiatives. However, progressively inadequate implementation and enforcement became the greatest challenge of European Union environmental policy. Following the final assessment of the Sixth Environmental Action Programme, which concluded that the enforcement of EU environmental law is insufficient, the problem remains
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Pereira, Ricardo M. "The harmonisation of environmental criminal law in the European Union." Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.502195.

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Liang, Zheng Yun. "The enviromental principles of the European Union." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120095.

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Li, Qian. "European Union normative approaches to enviromental governance." Thesis, University of Macau, 2009. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2120096.

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Kovaleva, Nadejda V. "Restructuring of European Union agriculture : enforcement and recognition of environmental interest." Thesis, De Montfort University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391081.

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Hildebrand, Philipp Michael. "Compliance in the international environmental politics : the case of the European Union." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.259981.

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Zhou, Jia Lei. "EU water law : the right balance between environmental and economic considerations?" Thesis, University of Macau, 2005. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b1637070.

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Scotford, Eloise A. K. "The role of environmental principles in the decisions of the European Union courts and New South Wales Land and Environment Court." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:23d02748-1197-4f33-a6c6-b98fdbf7c5d1.

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The thesis is a comparative legal analysis of environmental principles in environmental law. Environmental principles are novel concepts in environmental law and they have a high profile in environmental law scholarship. This high profile is promoted by two factors – the high hopes that environmental law scholars have for environmental principles, and the increasing prevalence of environmental principles in legal systems, particularly in case law. This thesis analyses the latter, mapping doctrinal developments involving environmental principles in two jurisdictions and court systems – the cour
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Borrero, Moro Cristóbal José. "Latest Trends in Environmental Taxation in the European Union." Derecho & Sociedad, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/117911.

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The aim of this work is the study of the latest trends in environmental taxation in several European countries, in an era characterized by a growing political interest in these taxes. With an emphasis on the important technical and legal difficulties that the implementation of these tax measures involve; as well as legal strategies to overcome the above mentioned difficulties in order to establish suitable fiscal measures to achieve a sustainable society and economy.<br>El trabajo aborda el estudio de las últimas tendencias en materia de fiscalidad ambiental en diversos países europeos, en una
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van, Onna Joppe H. "A comparison of the environmental regulatory framework on the production of shale gas in the European Union and the United States." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96032.

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Books on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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Diane, Palframan, Tank Andrew, Conference Board, and Conference Board Europe's Management Forum, eds. Environmental law in a growing European Union. Conference Board, 1995.

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Zito, Anthony R. Creating environmental policy in the European Union. St. Martin's Press, 1999.

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Jane, Holder, and University College, London. Centre for the Law of the European Union., eds. The impact of EC environmental law in the United Kingdom. J. Wiley, 1997.

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Louka, Elli. Conflicting integration: The environmental law of the European Union. Intersentia, 2004.

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Grant, Wyn. The effectiveness of European union environmental policy. St. Martin's Press, 2000.

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1964-, Collier Ute, and European University Institute. Working Group on Environmental Studies., eds. Deregulation in the European Union: Environmental perspectives. Routledge, 1998.

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Morgera, Elisa. The external environmental policy of the European Union: EU and international law perspectives. Cambridge University Press, 2012.

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Christine, Krüger, and Homeyer Ingmar von, eds. Environmental policy and law in Bulgaria: Towards EU accession. Ecologic, 2001.

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Christine, Krüger. Environmental policy and law in Romania: Towards EU accession. Ecologic, Centre for International and European Environmental Research, 2001.

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Molina, Ángel Manuel Moreno. Derecho comunitario del medio ambiente: Marco institucional, regulación sectorial y aplicación en España. Marcial Pons, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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DiMatteo, Larry A. "European Union." In International Business Law and the Legal Environment. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003036289-8.

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Sato, Chie. "The Proliferation of Marine Protected Areas Under International Law, European Union Law and Japanese Law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55435-6_9.

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Shaw, Jo, Jo Hunt, and Chloë Wallace. "Environmental Law and Policy." In Economic and Social Law of the European Union. Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-08070-7_17.

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Knopp, Lothar. "Instruments of European law and questions concerning their implementation at national level as exemplified by water law, immission control law and waste law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_1.

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Boć, Jan, and Konrad Nowacki. "The harmonization of Polish environmental protection law with European Union law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_3.

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Sommer, Jerzy. "The organizational and legal instruments available for harmonizing Polish environmental law with EC environmental law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-09714-4_4.

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Nakanishi, Yumiko. "Introduction: The Impact of the International and European Union Environmental Law on Japanese Basic Environmental Law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55435-6_1.

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Proelss, Alexander. "Principles of EU Environmental Law: An Appraisal." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Japan, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-55435-6_3.

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Burleson, Elizabeth. "Innovation, Adaptation and Climate Change Law." In Environmental Protection in the European Union. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77614-7_3.

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Schreurs, Miranda A., and Regina S. Axelrod. "Promoting Environmental Protection in the European Union." In The Global Environment: Institutions, Law, and Policy. CQ Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781071873038.n7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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Onorati, Chiara. "THE EUROPEAN UNION S WORK AGAINST ENERGY POVERTY." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs02/18.

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This study analyses the strategies and measures adopted by the European Union to address the growing problem of energy poverty. European, national and regional policies will be examined (with particular attention to the interventions put in place by the Sicilian Region), the financial support programmes and awareness raising initiatives implemented in Member States to combat energy poverty. The survey highlights best practices and persistent challenges, with a focus on the impact of sustainable energy policies and the accessibility of energy resources for the most vulnerable segments of the po
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R�cker, Theresa, Matteo Gilardi, Thomas Br�ck, and Bernd Wittgens. "Process design for a novel fungal biomass valorisation approach." In The 35th European Symposium on Computer Aided Process Engineering. PSE Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.69997/sct.190345.

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The European Union is transitioning towards a circular and low-carbon economy, emphasizing renewable biological resources. This study explores the production of high-value compounds like chitosan from fungal biomass and presents a potential design for a sustainable biorefinery process, contributing to the diversification and optimisation of biomass feedstock utilisation. The process simulation includes dedicated sub-models for each unit operation, based on laboratory data and integrated into a comprehensive process flow sheet using COCO-COFE. The productivity of the simulated plant results in
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Ceroni, Elisabetta. "THE ROLE OF EXTENDED PRODUCER RESPONSIBILITY (EPR) IN THE TRANSITION TO A CIRCULAR ECONOMY." In 11th SWS International Scientific Conferences on SOCIAL SCIENCES - ISCSS 2024. SGEM WORLD SCIENCE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.35603/sws.iscss.2024/vs02/22.

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The concept of Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) has emerged as a key pillar of environmental policies, designed to shift the financial and operational burden of waste management from governments and consumers to producers. This paper explores the legal framework surrounding EPR, examining its impact on recycling practices in various sectors, such as electronics, packaging and end-of-life vehicles. The EPR aims to incentivise producers to design more sustainable products by making them responsible for their entire life cycle, including proper take-back and disposal. In the European Union,
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Pilvere, Irina, Ilze Upite, Aleksejs Nipers, and Aija Pilvere. "PRODUCTIVITY IN BIOECONOMY INDUSTRIES IN LATVIA." In 24th SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2024. STEF92 Technology, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5593/sgem2024/5.1/s21.74.

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Bioeconomy industries play an important role in contributing to national economies and a transition to climate-friendly farming practices. This is evidenced by various policies implemented, including the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the European Union (EU) Bioeconomy Strategy and the European Green Deal. The increasing productivity and new technologies can have negative environmental impacts, affecting the economic framework associated with ecosystem services. To address these challenges, coordination among various sectors, stakeholders and value chains is necessary, supportin
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Yakymenko, Igor, Olena Dotsenko, Victoria Negretova, Oleksandra Pobuta, Maryna Hrychenko, and Svitlana Madzhd. "Environmental legislation of Ukraine: towards the European Union standards." In VI International Conference on European Dimensions of Sustainablе Development. National University of Food Technologies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.24263/edsd-2024-6-9.

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Environmental legislation of Ukraine is based on the fundamental principles of sustainable development and constitutes an important part of the national legislation. It includes a number of articles of the Constitution of Ukraine, the Law of Ukraine on Environmental Protection, relevant articles of the Code of Ukraine on Administrative Offenses and the Criminal Code of Ukraine among many others. Starting from 2014, Ukraine began implementing the key elements of the EU legislation in terms of the EU – Ukraine Association Agreement. According to the Cabinet of Ministry of Ukraine, currently Ukra
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Aliyev, Elvin. "TEMPORARY PROTECTION STATUS OF ENVIRONMENTAL REFUGEES: REFUGEE LAW AND EUROPEAN UNION REGULATIONS." In 62th International Academic Conference, Vienna. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2024. https://doi.org/10.20472/iac.2024.062.001.

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Ciprian Raicea, Ştefan. "THE COMPETENCE OF THE EUROPEAN UNION INSTITUTIONS IN THE FIELD OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." In International Conference on Business, Economics, Law, Language & Psychology, 21-22 June 2025, Berlin. Global Research & Development Services Publishing, 2025. https://doi.org/10.20319/icssh.2025.182183.

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The emergence of competence in the field of environmental protection was a catalyst for the comprehensive agenda in this matter that the EU has developed since then. The interpretation of this competence by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU), as well as the jurisprudential development of the principles regarding environmental protection, were essential in the development of the Union's environmental acquis. Other environmental policy implementation tools such as programmes, Commission communications, strategies and white papers also play an important role even if they are recomm
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Hamuraru, Maria, and Adriana Buzdugan. "Economic well-being and citizens' perceptions of prosperity: a comparative analysis in the context of the integration of the Republic of Moldova into the EU." In Rule of Law and Economic Resilience in the Context of Moldova's Accession to the European Union. Moldova State University, 2025. https://doi.org/10.59295/rler2024.28.

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The study examines Moldovan residents' opinions of economic well-being and the influence of European Union (EU) integration on these perceptions. European integration is seen as a vital element in elevating quality of life and boosting population well-being via institutional modernisation, access to European markets, and conformity with the EU’s economic and social standards. The study integrates quantitative and qualitative methodologies, including a questionnaire distributed to a sample of 609 participants, and examines many aspects of well-being, such as personal safety, work-life balance,
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Tomaselli, Alessandro. "European market and state sovereignty tested by environmental change and climate migrants." In nternational scientific thematic conference From national sovereignty to negotiation sovereignty "Days of Law Rolando Quadri", Belgrade, 14 June 2024. Institute of Comparative Law : University "Niccolò Cusano", 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.56461/zr_24.fnstns.22.

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This contribution aims to underline the link between climate change and the related migratory waves, on the one hand, and the inevitable implications regarding the policies and, even before that, the concept of sovereignty towards European states and institutions, on the other. In particular, to this end we will try to highlight how these two factors will most likely force the entire system belonging to the Old Continent to remodulate its traditional political, institutional, economic, legal and social paradigms. On the other hand, it is undeniable that it is increasingly urgent to overcome th
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Held, Mateja. "DIGITALIZATION OF PROCEDURES IN SPATIAL PLANNING AND CONSTRUCTION LAW IN CROATIA." In International Scientific Conference “Digitalization and Green Transformation of the EU“. Faculty of Law, Josip Juraj Strossmayer University of Osijek, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.25234/eclic/27450.

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Spatial planning and construction are interdisciplinary areas in which various factors interweave, such as sociological, cultural, economic, environmental, etc. In the process of spatial planning, green and digital transformation has an indispensable role. Spatial plans’ developers should take into account protection of the environment, which is emphasized in the soft law mechanisms of the European Union (such as the European Green Deal) and the national spatial planning legislation. The aim of the paper is to present the EU legislation on the digitalization of spatial planning which reflects
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Reports on the topic "Environmental Law of the European Union"

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Hartmann, Nuria, Valentina Pradelli, Juan Sebastián Márquez, Christiaan Gischler, Eric Fernando Boeck Daza, and Paola Galeano. Guide for the Implementation of a Hydrogen Certification System in Latin America and the Caribbean. Inter-American Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0005315.

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This report presents a framework for a voluntary hydrogen certification system in Latin America and the Caribbean, focusing on clean and low-carbon hydrogen. It advocates for regional collaboration to avoid redundant efforts and harmonize standards, emphasizing environmental and social sustainability. The proposed system includes two certification categories tailored to local and European Union market requirements. Key aspects include diverse energy source incorporation, a Chain of Custody system for traceability, and a governance structure combining regional and national elements. The action
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Kaaret, Kaidi, and Evelin Piirsalu. Decarbonizing the EU’s road and construction sectors through green public procurement: the cases of Estonia and Poland. Stockholm Environment Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.51414/sei2022.031.

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Government spending on public works, goods and services in the European Union (EU) accounts for about 14% of the EU’s GDP. Consequently, the EU and its Member States (MS) can make a great impact in accelerating the development and uptake of low-carbon technologies through green public procurement (GPP). This brief is part of a wider project financed by Breakthrough Energy, aiming to understand the divergences in GPP uptake in different EU MS and to identify key barriers to greater adoption and opportunities ahead. Ultimately, the project aims to contribute to greater policy coherence among mem
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Lodge, Junior, and Jan Yves. The Promise of a Recalibrated Caribbean-European Union Partnership. Fundación Carolina, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33960/issn-e.1885-9119.dtff03en.

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The Caribbean and the European Union (EU) have been enjoined in a formal bi-regional relationship since the signing of the Lomé Convention in 1975, and are firm proponents of multilateralism, strong advocates of regional integration, democracy and rule of law, and reflect vibrant multi-ethnic and multilingual polities. The bi-regional relationship has evolved considerably over the intervening 45 years, and is reflected in formal agreements between the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) States and the EU, and in the sphere of economic cooperation, has been strengthened with the signing of the
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Luff, David. Addresing the Implementation of Preferential Trade Agreements: The Law and Pratice of the European Union-MJS. Inter-American Development Bank, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0008413.

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Trade agreements imply preferential trade treatment among the parties. As such, they must in principle meet the conditions of Articles XXIV of GATT and V of GATS. This means that an agreement must provide for reciprocal trade benefits for substantially all trade in goods between the parties, and it must have substantial sectoral coverage in relation to services. It can apply to selected countries as opposed to others. Trade preferences are also possible under the Enabling Clause. While in this case reciprocal trade benefits are not required, the preferences must be granted to developing countr
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Dumas, Nathalie, Flourentzou Flourentzos, Julien BOUTILLIER, Bernard Paule, and Tristan de KERCHOVE d’EXAERDE. Integration of smart building technologies costs and CO2 emissions within the framework of the new EPIQR-web application. Department of the Built Environment, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54337/aau541616188.

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The EPIQR method was developed between 1996 and 1998 within the framework of the European research programme JOULE II and with the support of the Swiss Federal Office for Education and Science. In its first versions, the EPIQR software and EPIQR+ that succeeded it, were desktop tools, allowing a precise diagnosis of the state of deterioration of an existing building and the elaboration of renovation scenarios including the different costs of the necessary works. However, deep refurbishment rate is still low. Climatic emergency state declared by most of the Swiss Cantons makes it necessary to s
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Gutman, Éva. FDI screening regime of the European Union, is a way toward protectionism? ELTE Faculty of Law, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58360/20240607-gutman.

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Foreign direct investment is undeniably one of the drivers of economic development, and as such, it has economic benefits, and functions as a catalysator for international trade and globalization. Even though its positive returns, might be reasons to be restricted, especially when the planned FDI transaction conflicts with the public order or security interest of a State. To 2017, several trading partners of the European Union already established FDI screening mechanisms or restrictive measures, what caused inequality toward the Union. Furthermore, more Member States had already introduced FDI
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Park, Cyn-Young, Yuya Yamamoto, and Maria Anne Lorraine Doong. European Union Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism: Economic Impact and Implications for Asia. Asian Development Bank, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/brf230561-2.

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This brief assesses the impact of the European Union’s carbon tariffs on energy-intensive exports from Asia and the Pacific and shows how upgrading product value, boosting energy efficiency, and cutting emissions can help mitigate its effect. It explains how the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM) is designed to prevent carbon leakage–where industries shift to countries with less stringent environmental rules. Providing a regional breakdown, the brief shows how sectors including Indian steel and Georgian fertilizer are among those hit. It outlines how steps such as developing and integra
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Ördögh, Tibor. Rule of Law in the Western Balkans. Külügyi és Külgazdasági Intézet, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47683/kkielemzesek.ke-2021.67.

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Rule of law is a much-debated concept today, and it is one of the fundamental pillars of any democratic system. When it comes to the countries of the Western Balkans striving to become members of the European Union, it is important to look at the characteristics they have in this respect, and to what extent they meet the criteria for becoming a member state. Due to their particular way of development, there are different de facto political systems functioning within the region, which is an obstacle that also stands in the way of rule of law. This study presents those aspects of the rule of law
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L’Hotellerie-Fallois, Pilar, Marta Manrique, and Danilo Bianco. EU Policies for the green transition, 2019-2024. Banco de España, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53479/37523.

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Climate transition in the European Union has been a central sphere of action of the European Commission during the 2019-2024 legislature. This paper details how EU climate policies have evolved in that period through various instruments, starting with the European Green Deal which led to the inclusion in EU Law of the ambition to be climate-neutral by 2050. This aim is also an integral part of the recovery and resilience plans adopted under NextGenerationEU, the REPowerEU plan and the Green Deal Industrial Plan.
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Durovic, Mateja, and Franciszek Lech. A Consumer Law Perspective on the Commercialization of Data. Universitätsbibliothek J. C. Senckenberg, Frankfurt am Main, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/gups.64577.

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Commercialization of consumers’ personal data in the digital economy poses serious, both conceptual and practical, challenges to the traditional approach of European Union (EU) Consumer Law. This article argues that mass-spread, automated, algorithmic decision-making casts doubt on the foundational paradigm of EU consumer law: consent and autonomy. Moreover, it poses threats of discrimination and under- mining of consumer privacy. It is argued that the recent legislative reaction by the EU Commission, in the form of the ‘New Deal for Consumers’, was a step in the right direction, but fell shor
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