Journal articles: 'Environmental law Philippines'

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Mbengue, Makane Moïse. "The South China Sea Arbitration: Innovations in Marine Environmental Fact-Finding and due Diligence Obligations." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 285–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s239877230000917x.

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The South China Sea Arbitration is a leading case in a new generation of environmental disputes, namely, environmental disputes that occur in disputed territorial or maritime areas. The dispute between the Philippines and China before the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) Annex VII Tribunal (the Tribunal) dealt in significant part with the Philippines’ allegations of environmental violations by China. The Philippines asserted that China tolerated harmful fishing practices and proceeded with harmful construction activities, and that both caused serious harm to the marine environment of the South China Sea.

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Alampay, Jose Gerardo A. "Revisiting Environmental Security in the Philippines." Journal of Environment & Development 5, no. 3 (September 1996): 329–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107049659600500305.

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Roldan, Ma Divina Gracia Z. "Addressing Climate Change and Disaster Risk Reduction through ICT and EU Assistance: The Case of Philippine Local Governance." European Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2022.v11n2p32.

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Developing countries are gravely challenged by the adverse effects of climate change and natural disasters. The Philippines is considered as one of the most vulnerable and disaster-prone countries in the world. The European Union (EU) as a development partner extends support to the Philippines on climate change. While there are global and national initiatives to take action on these issues, the challenge is how local governments can engage communities to address these environmental threats. The paper poses the following questions: (1) What initiatives did the Philippine national government undertake to address climate change and disaster risk reduction and management (DRRM) in the Philippines? (2) What assistance does the EU provide to the Philippines in tackling climate change? (3) In what ways is information and communications (ICT) used by local governments as a mechanism to engage their constituents in dealing with climate change and natural disasters? Documentary analysis of Philippine laws on ICT, climate change, and disaster risk reduction and management are employed to determine the policy framework of the Philippines as a case. Desktop research is undertaken to evaluate the content of selected local government websites on disaster management and to identify the forms of EU technical assistance to the Philippines on climate change. While national policies exist to deal with climate change and disaster management, initiatives may take a backseat given the current pandemic. Keywords: climate change, disaster risk reduction and management, Philippines, information & communications technology, local governance, EU assistance

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Marquardt, Jens. "How Power Affects Policy Implementation: Lessons from the Philippines." Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs 36, no. 1 (April 2017): 3–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/186810341703600101.

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This article unveils how the complex multilevel governance system of a developing country affects environmental policy implementation. The Philippine Renewable Energy Act is discussed as an in-depth case study. The law was passed in 2008 to increase the share of renewables in the electricity mix, but its implementation remains a challenge. Analysing the complex multilevel governance system of the Philippines, this article shows how interjurisdictional coordination and the distribution of power resources and capacities affect the implementation process. This qualitative research is based on key documents and insights from 48 expert interviews. From a theoretical perspective, research about power in central–local relations can make a useful contribution to current multilevel governance concepts.

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Abracosa, Ramon, and Leonard Ortolano. "Environmental impact assessment in the Philippines: 1977–1985." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 7, no. 4 (December 1987): 293–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(87)90003-5.

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Frago, Perlita M. "Media Activism: Bantay Kalikasan in the Passage of the Clean Air Act." Philippine Political Science Journal 29, no. 1 (September 6, 2008): 25–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2165025x-02901002.

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This case study examines the role of media in the enactment of the Clean Air Act of 1999 (CAA). Through the intervention of the Bantay Kalikasan (Nature Watch), the environmental advocacy arm of ABS-CBN (the largest broadcasting network of the Philippines), the clean air discourse became a public issue. It not only campaigned actively for the law by initiating roadside information teams, but it also initiated the 5M–signature campaign in support of the CAA’s enactment into law. Most of all, it amplified the discursive health and moral debates popularized by the Clean Air coalition concerning incinerator. Environment is not exactly a mainstream issue in the Philippines, but the media possess the essential resources to make any dire environmental issue a public concern. As soon as the media realize their discursive power to popularize any technical environmental concern, the more realizable the future will be for a more viable and more continuous environmental policy not only for clean air.

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Ramos, Dondy Pepito G. "The Challenges to Prohibition: Opium Law, Opium Smuggling, and Chinese in the Philippines, 1910–1935." China and Asia 4, no. 2 (January 5, 2023): 243–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2589465x-04020004.

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Abstract Opium was one of the issues that had to be resolved by the Americans upon their colonization of the Philippines. The debate on the potentialities of opium dates back to the Spanish colonial period, when the colonial government framed the opium issue as both economic and moral in nature. In the end, the economic potentialities of opium outweighed its moral repercussions because the Spanish colonial government allowed its regulated use among the Chinese. In contrast, the American officials in Manila crafted a progressive prohibitionist policy based on the recommendation of the investigative Opium Committee in 1905. In terms of opium in the Philippines, the majority of research has focused on the American policies on opium and their international consequences. This study focuses on the aftermath and challenges of the American prohibitionist policy from 1910 to 1935, particularly as they related to smuggling. Using archival documents such as annual reports from the governor-general of the Philippines and other government records, the paper aims to demonstrate how and in what ways opium was smuggled in the Philippines and to analyze the various motivations, reasons, and methods used by smugglers. Furthermore, the paper explores the involvement of the Chinese in various notable opium-related cases in the Philippines. I also argue that an increase in the smuggling of opium was an unwanted aftermath of the American prohibitionist policy. The present study hopes to contribute to the growing body of literature on narcotics, drug policies, and empire building.

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Abeysekera, Indra, Leah Manalang, Raul David, and Bethel Grace Guiao. "Accounting for Environmental Awareness on Green Purchase Intention and Behaviour: Evidence from the Philippines." Sustainability 14, no. 19 (October 2, 2022): 12565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141912565.

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This study examines the green purchase awareness of Philippine youth consumers and its influence on green purchase intention and, ultimately, their green purchase behaviour. The study used the theory of planned behaviour as a conceptual framework. The research used an online five-point Likert scale questionnaire and gathered data from accounting and business students in the Philippines; data were collected from 923 usable respondents and then validated and analysed using structural equation modelling (SEM). The findings suggest that respondents’ awareness of environmental degradation’s consequences influences green purchase intention and positively mediates green purchase behaviour. The attitudes, norms, and respondents’ perceived behavioural control represent the environmental awareness beliefs; they positively and significantly contributed to green purchase intention, which contributed to green purchase behaviour. The study is original in that it examines the applicability of the theory of planned behaviour in the context of the Philippines, which has legislative backing for environmental awareness among the citizens. It also investigates the extent to which subjective norms can influence personal behavioural control and mediate towards green purchase intention. The findings contribute to the Philippine setting; however, it is extensible with further research on emerging nations that share societal cultures. The data obtained sufficiently explain the phenomenon using the theory of planned behaviour; combining it with Hofstede’s model of societal culture can increase explanatory power for societal-based studies on purchase intention and behaviour. In a high-power distance and collective societal-cultural setting, findings support the argument that environmental awareness contributes to green purchase intention and buyer behaviour. The proactive stance of making the population aware of the environmental effects is noticeable. However, they provide a low-level explanation of their intention to purchase green products and a medium-level explanation of translating purchase intention to purchase behaviour. Hence, we recommend the government review their approach to making people environmentally aware, which measurably translates into green purchasing intention and purchasing behaviour.

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Theriault, Noah. "Unravelling the strings attached: Philippine indigeneity in law and practice." Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 50, no. 1 (February 2019): 107–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022463419000018.

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After the fall of the Marcos regime in 1986, Philippine policymakers became the first in Asia to recognise indigeneity and Indigenous rights. By law, Indigenous groups throughout the archipelago now have priority rights to their ‘ancestral domains’, but in return they are expected to maintain an ‘ecological balance’ and cooperate with environmental regulations. As in many other parts of the world, the conditionalities of recognition mean that invocations of Indigenous rights often serve to initiate ever-deeper entanglements with governmental power. At the same time, however, Indigenous Peoples and their advocates do not approach the dilemmas of recognition as hapless bystanders; rather, they negotiate them in strategic and often unexpected ways. This article considers how members of Indigenous Palawan communities in the southwestern Philippines have used dominant policy assumptions to intervene in dispossessory processes. Specifically, I examine instances in which they have: (1) codified a ‘tradition’ of inheritance to influence legislative outcomes; (2) performed the policy narrative of ‘ecological balance’ to shape the outcome of conservation interventions; and (3) filed a civil case tacitly challenging official expectations that they govern themselves as homogenous collectivities. These examples, I argue, offer broader insights into the paradoxical and at times unexpected consequences of legislating Indigenous rights.

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10

Myers, Norman. "Environmental Degradation and Some Economic Consequences in the Philippines." Environmental Conservation 15, no. 3 (1988): 205–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900029337.

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As this paper demonstrates, the Philippines is undergoing much environmental degradation—mainly in the form of deforestation, soil erosion, disruption of hydrological systems, over-exploitation of fisheries, destruction of coral reefs, and extinction of species. These problems are accentuated by the pressures of a large, fast-growing and impoverished population; and they may shortly start to be aggravated yet more by climatic change in the wake of the global ‘greenhouse effect’. Moreover, and as this paper further makes plain, the environmental degradation leads to adverse economic consequences that are pervasive and profound—as may be expected in a country where several salient sectors of development are dependent upon the natural-resource base. In the long run, indeed, environmental degradation could well preclude the Philippines' prospects for sustainable development.

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Lasco, Rodel D., and Juan M. Pulhin. "Environmental impacts of community-based forest management in the Philippines." International Journal of Environment and Sustainable Development 5, no. 1 (2006): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijesd.2006.008682.

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Coracero, Ericson E., RB J. Gallego, Kristine Joy M. Frago, and Ruel Joseph R. Gonzales. "A Long-Standing Problem: A Review on the Solid Waste Management in the Philippines." Indonesian Journal of Social and Environmental Issues (IJSEI) 2, no. 3 (December 28, 2021): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47540/ijsei.v2i3.144.

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Solid waste management is considered a pressing global issue calling for an immediate response from the government and its people. The Philippines has a continuously rising amount of waste and is expected to further increase in the succeeding years. As reviewed, associated problems with solid waste management in the country include an increasing amount of solid waste, weak law implementation, scarcity of sanitary landfills, and improper disposal. The ultimate solution existing in the country is the RA 9003 or the Ecological Solid Waste Management Act of 2000 which highlights the practices of segregation, proper disposal, and waste diversion. The importance of envisioning a trash-free Philippines and encouraging people’s participation and awareness is also emphasized. Another possible solution to solid waste management is valorization which can also address other environmental problems such as the depletion of natural resources. These solutions enumerated will only be possible with the presence of good governance, active participation of the people of the country, and the cooperation of all constituents and agencies in the Philippines.

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Cañete, Socrates Jose P., Lorna Jean H. Palad, Eliza B. Enriquez, Teofilo Y. Garcia, and Teresa Yulo-Nazarea. "Leachable 226Ra in Philippine phosphogypsum and its implication in groundwater contamination in Isabel, Leyte, Philippines." Environmental Monitoring and Assessment 142, no. 1-3 (September 16, 2007): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10661-007-9933-6.

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14

Ross, W. A. "Environmental impact assessment in the Philippines: Progress, problems, and directions for the future." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 14, no. 4 (July 1994): 217–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0195-9255(94)90020-5.

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15

Andriesse, Edo. "Persistent fishing amidst depletion, environmental and socio-economic vulnerability in Iloilo Province, the Philippines." Ocean & Coastal Management 157 (May 2018): 130–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2018.02.004.

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Agaton, Casper Boongaling, Angelie Azcuna Collera, and Charmaine Samala Guno. "Socio-Economic and Environmental Analyses of Sustainable Public Transport in the Philippines." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (June 9, 2020): 4720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114720.

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Electric vehicles are regarded as energy transition technology towards more sustainable and environment-friendly transportation systems. Despite the benefits of reducing the dependence on fossil fuels and greenhouse gas emissions, the adoption of electric vehicles faces several obstacles ranging from financing issues, government policies, and public acceptance. This study aims to identify the economic, environmental, and social impact of the adoption of electric vehicles for public transportation. Using the Philippines as a case study, the findings highlight the economic advantage of investing in electric public transportation with high public acceptance. The results further identify significant decrease in air pollution, reduction of greenhouse gas emissions and encourage lowering the reliance on imported fossil fuels by shifting the public transport from conventional to electric transport system. This study recommends stricter implementation of government policies on modernized public transportation, stronger government support on financing mechanisms, establishment of charging stations in public and private terminals, and boosting programs for developing local-made electric vehicles. To make electric vehicle more environment-friendly, the government must accelerate the energy transition by increasing the electricity share from renewable sources and investing in more sustainable sources of energy.

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McCreath, Millicent. "Burgeoning Practice of Southeast Asian States to Protect the Marine Environment from the Effects of International Shipping." Asia-Pacific Journal of Ocean Law and Policy 2, no. 2 (December 9, 2017): 268–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24519391-00202005.

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The marine environment of Southeast Asia is amongst the most ecologically important in the world. A substantial volume of international shipping passes through the region which can have a deleterious effect on the environment due to impacts including operational and accidental discharges, collisions and groundings. Recently Malaysia, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines have introduced or commenced work towards proposals for special measures to be adopted by the International Maritime Organization (imo) targeting the risks of shipping. These proposed special measures are in the form of “particularly sensitive sea areas” (pssas), and are being developed under a cooperation program between the imo and the Norwegian aid organisation (Norad). This article analyses the pssa proposals currently underway or recently finalised by Malaysia, Indonesia, Viet Nam and the Philippines, and the legal framework for the establishment and implementation of measures for environmental protection under the law of the sea and the imo.

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Wiber, M. G. "Levels of Property Rights, Levels of Law: A Case Study from the Northern Philippines." Man 26, no. 3 (September 1991): 469. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2803878.

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Walters, Bradley B. "People and mangroves in the Philippines: fifty years of coastal environmental change." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 3 (September 2003): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000298.

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Historical research has enhanced understanding of past human influences on forests and provides insights that can improve current conservation efforts. This paper presents one of the first detailed studies of mangrove forest history. Historical changes in mangroves and their use were examined in Bais Bay and Banacon Island, Philippines. Cutting to make space for fish ponds and residential settlement has dramatically reduced the distribution of mangroves in Bais, although forest has expanded rapidly near the mouth of the largest river where soils from nearby deforested hillsides have been deposited as sediments along the coast. Heavy cutting of mangroves for commercial sale of firewood occurred under minor forest product concessions in Bais and Banacon between the late 1930s and 1979. Cutting for domestic consumption of fuel and construction wood by local people has been widespread in both areas, although rates of cutting have varied in space and over time as a result of changing demographic pressures and in response to cutting restrictions imposed by firewood concessionaires, fish pond owners and government officials. People in both Bais and Banacon have responded to declining local forest availability by planting mangroves. Early motivations to plant reflected the desire to have a ready supply of posts for construction of fish weirs. Many have also planted to protect fishpond dykes and homes from storm damage, and increasing numbers now plant as a means to establish tenure claims over mangrove areas. However, planted stands have tended to be species monocultures and to bear only limited resemblance to natural mangrove forests. In contrast to many upland forests, opportunities for protection and restoration of mangroves are limited by virtue of a highly restricted natural distribution and by competing land uses that are likely to intensify in the future. Understanding historical patterns of change can be instructive to conservationists, but the future remains laden with uncertainties.

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COOPER, LOURDES M., and JENNIFER A. ELLIOTT. "PUBLIC PARTICIPATION AND SOCIAL ACCEPTABILITY IN THE PHILIPPINE EIA PROCESS." Journal of Environmental Assessment Policy and Management 02, no. 03 (September 2000): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1464333200000400.

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Since 1992, the Philippines has employed an innovative requirement to demonstrate social acceptability in project planning as a means through which public participation can be established. This paper discusses the participatory mechanisms used and evaluates the effectiveness of public participation in three case studies from key development sectors. In doing so, the existing conceptual frameworks for evaluating public participation are further developed through insights to community empowerment and sustainability in particular. Whilst increased public participation has resulted in improvements in the EIA process and environmental decision making in the Philippines, the evaluation of the case studies also reveals substantial issues of conflict within the communities and of the representation of diverse local interests at core stages in the planning process.

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Mahadevan, Renuka, Kai Du, Lemuel Samejon Preciados, and Susanne Schmidt. "Managing nitrogen environmental impacts to improve green technical efficiency in Philippines rice cultivation." Journal of Environmental Management 325 (January 2023): 116529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116529.

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Tyrrell, Ian. "The Regulation of Alcohol and other Drugs in a Colonial Context: United States Policy towards the Philippines, C. 1898–1910." Contemporary Drug Problems 35, no. 4 (December 2008): 539–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090803500405.

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The article compares attitudes towards and laws regulating the use of alcohol and opium in the United States (US) colonial possession of the Philippines. Forces within the United States and missionary groups in the field in the Philippines fought to have the supply of alcohol to American troops restricted by abolition of the military canteen system, and to eliminate use of alcohol among the indigenous population. To achieve these aims, they developed highly skilled networks of political lobbying led by Wilbur Craft's International Reform Bureau. Temperance, church and missionary groups differed among themselves over the relative seriousness of the two drugs’ impact in the Philippines, but skillfully adapted their tactics in the light of experience in the colony to focus on opium. They developed a tacit coalition with the US government, using the Philippines opium policy to distinguish the United States as a morally superior colonial ruler. By lobbying the government to oppose opium use in the East Asia region, they served to promote an American regional hegemony, and provided an important departure point for modern US drug poalicies.

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Perez, Padmapani L. "Living with the problem of national parks." Thesis Eleven 145, no. 1 (April 2018): 58–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0725513618763840.

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‘You mean to say we’re not the only people in the world with the problem of a national park?’ This question was raised during a focus group discussion held with an indigenous community whose ancestral domain overlaps entirely with a national park in the Philippine Cordillera. The question encapsulates an experience shared across the Philippines, particularly in spaces where both the Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Act and the National Integrated Protected Areas System are implemented. This paper examines recent developments in indigenous leaders’ participation in, and critique of, the implementation of these two laws and the development of environmental policies. It follows an emerging, multi-sectoral movement calling for the recognition of Indigenous Communities Conserved Areas and Territories (ICCAs), which has led to the crafting of a draft law. The ICCA bill is envisioned as a law that will resolve indigenous peoples’ problems with national parks, while meeting biodiversity conservation targets. The authors direct attention to how indigenous leaders campaigning for the ICCA bill are asserting their right to delineate space and make decisions in the contexts of policy-making and implementation. It is argued here that their articulations are registers of indigenous critique. Taking these critiques seriously has the potential to drive conservation policy-making past the stewardship stalemate, where conservation goals are pursued at the cost of indigenous peoples’ right to self-determination and indigenous peoples are expected to perform harmony with nature.

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Majanen, Terhi. "Resource use conflicts in Mabini and Tingloy, the Philippines." Marine Policy 31, no. 4 (July 2007): 480–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2006.12.006.

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Mendoza, Lorelei C., Gladys A. Cruz, Alejandro N. Ciencia, and Maileenita A. Penalba. "Local Policy and Water Access in Baguio City, Philippines." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 11, no. 1 (January 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2020010101.

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This article focuses on how water users perceive the state of water security and their concerns about water resources in Baguio City using survey data from 300 poor households. The financial and social aspects of the poor household's access to potable water are described before features of the Baguio Water Code on drinking water quality, water permits and groundwater extraction, and rainwater harvesting are tackled. The high expectations that accompanied the approval of this breakthrough legislation to address the city's long-standing water problems which were only partially met as the key provision on water permits remains unimplemented. Drinking water quality and rainwater harvesting have had some success in implementation. Still more needs to be done through measures that rely on the partnership of the local water utility and the city government offices in order to respond to the need of poor households for clean water.

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SHUMAN, CRAIG S., GREGOR HODGSON, and RICHARD F. AMBROSE. "Managing the marine aquarium trade: is eco-certification the answer?" Environmental Conservation 31, no. 4 (December 2004): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892904001663.

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Global trade in marine ornamental species includes numerous countries; however, 80% of the trade involves exports from the Philippines and Indonesia to the USA. The worldwide import value of marine ornamentals is estimated at US$ 200–330 million annually. Recent concern regarding sustainability and environmental impacts on coral reefs where collection occurs has spurred debate as to how best to monitor, manage and regulate the industry. A certification programme proposed by the Marine Aquarium Council (MAC) has the potential to manage the trade efficiently by minimizing environmental impacts, thus continuing this important source of income for impoverished coastal villagers. The MAC Ecosystem and Fishery Management (EFM) Standard was established to protect fish stocks from overexploitation and will be the most difficult component of the certification programme to implement. Prerequisites for successful EFM in developing nations are local control over fisheries and accurate records to monitor catch. Collector logs were found to be a useful tool to monitor both catch per unit effort (CPUE) and catch composition from collection areas in the Philippines. Comparison of catch composition in two distinct regions of the Philippines indicated that one site was severely overfished while the other was moderately overfished. The Collection Area Management Plan required by the MAC certification programme, combined with the current legal framework in the Philippines allowing for local jurisdiction of reef resources, has the potential to prevent further overfishing in the latter region. Until sufficient ecological data can be obtained, CPUE can provide an effective means to monitor and manage the fishery within the framework of the MAC certification programme. Despite effective management plans in source nations, legislation in receiving nations may be required to help stimulate a strong market demand for certified ornamentals if the MAC certification programme is to be successful.

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Churchill, Robin. "Dispute Settlement in the Law of the Sea: Survey for 2015—Part i." International Journal of Marine and Coastal Law 31, no. 4 (November 22, 2016): 555–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718085-12341420.

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This is the latest in a series of annual surveys reviewing dispute settlement in the law of the sea, both under the un Convention on the Law of the Sea and outside the framework of the Convention, and covering developments in 2015. During the year the International Tribunal for the Law of the Sea gave an advisory opinion concerning fisheries questions in the exclusive economic zone and made two orders of provisional measures. Annex vii arbitral tribunals delivered awards on the merits in the Chagos Marine Protected Area and Arctic Sunrise cases, and the tribunal in the Philippines v. China case gave an award on jurisdiction and admissibility. There were also a number of less significant developments during the year.

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Demafilis, Rex, Jovita Movillon, Canesio Predo, Dalisay Maligalig, Pamela Joyce Eleazar, and Bernadette Tongko-Magadia. "Socio-economic and Environmental Impacts of Bioethanol Production from Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) and Molasses in the Philippines." Journal of Environmental Science and Management 23, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 96–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.47125/jesam/2020_1/10.

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As the Philippine bioethanol industry reaches a decade and the debate on what bioethanol blending shall be imposed, this study assessed the socio-economic and environmental impacts of domestic bioethanol production parallel to the objectives of the biofuels law. Bioethanol production in the country has generated significant jobs or an estimated jobs of about 2,073 based on the actual bioethanol processing data for Crop Year (CY) 2017-2018 for the three bioethanol production systems (BPS) studied; and could potentially reach 10,620 jobs if mill capacities of the two bioethanol plants are met. Additionally, bioethanol industry was perceived to have a positive change for sugarcane farmers in terms of employment opportunities and cash income from bioethanol-related operations. The domestic bioethanol industry has even opened additional revenues to bioethanol-related industries of about PhP 1.2 B (23.9 M USD) for CY 2017-2018 and could even reach to PhP 3.0 B (60.4 M USD) if bioethanol plants can attain its installed mill and cogeneration capacities. Environmental impact assessment study, on the other hand, revealed that domestic bioethanol production can reduce GHG emissions by about 68 to 91% for the four BPS evaluated, compared to business-as-usual scenario of using fossil fuel.

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Rao, Purba, Alok Kumar Singh, Olivia la O'Castillo, Ponciano S. Intal, and Ather Sajid. "A metric for corporate environmental indicators … for small and medium enterprises in the Philippines." Business Strategy and the Environment 18, no. 1 (January 2009): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bse.555.

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Grantham, Alison, Ma Raisa Pandan, Susan Roxas, and Bryan Hitchcock. "Overcoming Catch Data Collection Challenges and Traceability Implementation Barriers in a Sustainable, Small-Scale Fishery." Sustainability 14, no. 3 (January 20, 2022): 1179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14031179.

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The seafood sector faces both socioeconomic and environmental sustainability challenges, as well as pressure to demonstrate progress from governments, NGOs, retailers, and consumers. To document data elements necessary in verifying key sustainability attributes and fishery progress, the sector needs to implement traceability systems accessible to fishers and other vulnerable near-shore actors. Implementation must overcome a suite of technological, social, and economic barriers. We assessed and reviewed the efficacy of several approaches attempted in a Philippines yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares) fishery. The current prevailing approach is a centralized, analog method of catch recording, both broadly across the Philippines and specifically in this MSC-certified fishery, where they have implemented enumerator-facilitated catch certificate recording. The fishery has begun developing, testing, and piloting new decentralized digital models, including NFC cards, RFID tags, and an app-based smartphone catch data capture. All approaches encountered barriers to uptake, and the most recent estimates suggest up to 44% of the catch in the Philippines remains unreported. We discuss additional systemic considerations necessary to advance sustainability outcomes and their documentation through traceability systems in the seafood sector originating with small-scale fishers.

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M. Casiw, Gaypelyn. "REVISITING THE ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT PROGRAM IN THE SLUM AREAS OFMANILA." International Journal of Advanced Research 8, no. 10 (October 31, 2020): 694–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/11892.

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The global impact of solid waste is growing fasterthan the rate of urbanization, a threat to humanitys survival, a crime against the environment.In Manila, Philippines, estuaries are the tributaries of waterways flowing to Manila Bay.This study evaluated the degree of commission of Ecological Solid Waste Management(ESWM)as an environmental crime among theinformal settlers of the major estuaries of Manila.Italso investigatedthe causes of waste crime commission among the respondents.Using descriptive evaluative research and a purposive sampling technique,480 served as respondents of the study.For the treatment and analysis of data, percentage method, four point likert scale and Pearson Product Moment of Coefficient Correlation r were utilized.Results showed thatcommunity residents are less aware of their violation of the Ecological Solid Waste Law as an environmental crime and non-participation of the waste management program as to waste disposal.The environmental officers moderately aware on the non-strict implementation of waste management programsamong estuary residents.It showed the very great extent on the commission ESWM law. Meanwhile, there is a significant relationship on the perception of the respondent as to information campaign of the government and values orientation. Values orientation explained highly significant amount of variance on the commission of ESWM law. The results indicated the importance of understanding the community concerns, sustainable solid waste management program, awareness of environmental crimes, enforcement and prosecution of environmental laws and willingness towards involvement critical for prevention and informing in solid waste waste management program, awareness of environmental crimes, enforcement and prosecution of environmental laws and willingness towards involvement in solid waste management improvement initiatives are critical for prevention and informing interventions.

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Pomeroy, Robert, and Catherine A. Courtney. "The Philippines context for marine tenure and small-scale fisheries." Marine Policy 95 (September 2018): 283–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2018.05.030.

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Macusi, Edison D., Darshel Ester P. Estor, Elaine Q. Borazon, Misael B. Clapano, and Mudjekeewis D. Santos. "Environmental and Socioeconomic Impacts of Shrimp Farming in the Philippines: A Critical Analysis Using PRISMA." Sustainability 14, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 2977. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14052977.

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Shrimp aquaculture is under pressure to increase its production to meet the growing demand for food from a growing population. In the Philippines, aquaculture has experienced the shift from milkfish to prawn, with its attractive marketable price. This intensification has led to negative and positive impacts, which have raised a range of environmental and socioeconomic problems. This paper reviews the environmental and socioeconomic challenges that the shrimp aquaculture industry faces using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method. We examine the gaps and the changes that are required to revitalize the industry. We examine and assess the impacts of shrimp culture on the environment, e.g., shrimp farm management, marine pollution, disease outbreaks, and the social, economic, and climate change impacts. The presence of viral diseases, such as White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV), Monodon Baculovirus (MBV), Infectious Hypodermal and Hematopoietic Necrosis Virus (IHHNV), Hepatopancreatic Parvovirus (HPV), and Yellow Head Virus (YHV), have caused approximate losses in the industry of 40,080 mt in 1997, and 51,000 mt in 2014. Recommended strategies and policy changes are considered for the improvement of shrimp aquaculture, including disease management, the adoption of good aquaculture practices, proper environmental monitoring, sustainable practices at the farm level, and priorities for cooperation among the concerned government agencies and local governments, as well as the involvement of state universities and colleges, for better management practices.

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Lloyd, Steven, and Tetsuya Nakamura. "Public Perceptions of Renewable Energy in the Philippines." Sustainability 14, no. 16 (August 10, 2022): 9906. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14169906.

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The current study examines how renewable energy is perceived by the Philippine public through the use of an online survey. As a developing economy with limited fossil fuel resources but huge potential for renewable energy (RE), and as a signatory of the Kyoto Protocol and other international environmental agreements, RE should be central to the government’s energy policy. However, at the time of the survey, RE provided less than 25% of electricity capacity, placing it below the ASEAN average, despite its ambitious public announcements and being the first to adopt a legal framework explicitly intended to support RE expansion. The study corroborates other research that finds a high level of awareness and concern for the climate crisis amongst the Philippine public. Given that RE is often locally and community based, public knowledge and support would greatly facilitate the expansion of RE. The research found that 86.2% of the participants supported the expansion of RE and 80.8% expressed willingness to install RE on their property if it was affordable, but there was also continued support for traditional fossil fuels among 45.0% of the participants. Regression analysis found that claimed knowledge of RE was found to have a largely positive correlation with support for RE, and just over 50% saw cooperation between local and central governments as necessary for RE expansion to succeed.

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Gracia Jr., Arturo G., Alma B. Mohagan, Janezel C. Burlat, Welfredo L. Yu Jr., Janine Mondalo, Florfe M. Acma, Hannah P. Lumista, Riah Calising, and Krizler Cejuela Tanalgo. "Conservation ecology of birds in Mt. Hilong-hilong, a Key Biodiversity Area on Mindanao Island, the Philippines." Journal of Threatened Taxa 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 18110–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.6760.13.5.18110-18121.

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The identification of key areas for conservation and protection according to science-based evidence is an important component to circumvent the negative impacts of environmental changes within geopolitical territories and across the globe. Priority areas for biodiversity played an important role to ensure the protection of many species particularly those that are unique and threatened. There are more than 200 Key Biodiversity Areas (KBAs) in the Philippines, yet many important research and biodiversity data are either unpublished or unconsolidated. Birds are commonly studied indicators for KBA identification due to their high species richness, diversity, and sensitivity to forest ecosystems. By combining data from past and present surveys, we accounted for a total of 148 bird species of 51 families, with 20 new records from recent field surveys. Our analysis showed a high level of endemism within Mt. Hilong-hilong with 36% Philippine endemic, 14% restricted to Mindanao faunal region and 11% migrant. In terms of conservation, 8% of the species were considered in threatened categories. The species richness and endemism were higher in lowland to mid-elevation areas compared to higher elevation areas of the KBA. Endemism (i.e., Mindanao endemic) and increasing body mass were important determinants of binary extinction risk for bird species in Mt. Hilong-hilong. The high biodiversity in Mt. Hilong-hilong indicates an example of the vital role of KBAs in preserving nationally and globally important bird species. Lastly, we emphasise the importance of collaboration and integrating past and present information to synthesise relevant information to complement ongoing conservation efforts in Mt. Hilong-hilong and other key habitats in the Philippines.

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Holden, William N. "The Least of My Brethren: Mining, Indigenous Peoples, and the Roman Catholic Church in the Philippines." Worldviews 17, no. 3 (2013): 205–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685357-01700003.

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Political ecology shows how environmental issues can be reframed towards addressing the problems of the socially vulnerable. The environmental identity and social movement thesis of political ecology asserts that environmental issues can generate cross-class and inter-ethnic linkages in an effort to blunt powerful forces. Liberation ecology, a variant of political ecology combined with a counter hegemonic discourse, provides another dimension of political ecology. In the Philippines, mining on indigenous lands has generated opposition from indigenous peoples. By examining how the Roman Catholic Church has aided indigenous peoples in their opposition to mining, examples of the environmental identity and social movement thesis of political ecology and liberation ecology can be gleaned. Liberation theology, an impetus to the church’s commitment to the poor, may be the consummate counter hegemonic discourse.

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Cortes-Maramba, Nelia, Jose Paciano Reyes, Ana Trinidad Francisco-Rivera, Hirokatsu Akagi, Rose Sunio, and Lynn Crisanta Panganiban. "Health and environmental assessment of mercury exposure in a gold mining community in Western Mindanao, Philippines." Journal of Environmental Management 81, no. 2 (October 2006): 126–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.01.019.

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Habito, Consuelo De Luna, and Susan Janette G. Ealdama. "Identity Construction, Social Media, and Ifugao Rice Terraces Conservation of Indigenous People's Youth Through Appreciative Inquiry." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 47–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019100104.

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Recognizing the important contribution of the indigenous people's (IP) youth towards the sustainable development and conservation of the internationally recognized Ifugao rice terraces (IRT) of the Philippines, the University of the Philippines Open University implemented a youth capacity building and exchange program among IP youth from Hungduan, Kiangan, Banaue and Mayaoyao rice terraces in the Ifugao province. The study conducted focus group discussions that included identity construction with physical co-presence and utilization of new communication technologies (NCTs) through the strengths, opportunities, aspirations, and results of an appreciative inquiry approach (SOAR). Beliefs, ethnicity and values were three key identity construction factors. Need, talent, passion, and conscience were also included among the dimensions of identity construction. These findings were subsequently used in the design and construction of training course modules customized for IP youth from the IRT using the blended-mode of learning and practical activities such as video logs and memes in NCTs.

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Contreras, Antonio P. "Civil Society, Environmental Security and Knowledge: Forest Governance in Thailand and the Philippines in the Context of ASEAN." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 4, no. 2 (2004): 179–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/b:inea.0000040419.03367.50.

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Evans, Suzannah. "Journalistic Norms, Cultural Values, and Coverage of Climate Change in the Philippines." Environmental Communication 10, no. 4 (September 28, 2015): 492–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17524032.2015.1088459.

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Oposa, Antonio. "Let Me Tell You a Story." Daedalus 149, no. 4 (October 2020): 207–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_01828.

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I've spent my time caring for the Life-sources of Land, Air, and Waters – the LAW of Life. It began by being touched by the Sea and the story of my mariner grandfather. It went on to raids to fight environmental crime syndicates in the Philippines and on to the court of law. The Court is a good venue to light a STAR: to tell a Story, put the issues on the Table for orderly discussion, spark Action, and arrive at a Resolution. I founded the SEA Camp (Sea and Earth Advocates) to train children to care for the Sea and Earth and, later, founded the School of the SEA. Twice – in 2008 and in 2013-I saw the School erased by an extraordinary typhoon, a foretaste of the climate crisis. I've realized that when you use the law and science to change the mind, it can change tomorrow. But when you change the heart, it is forever. In the midst of the ongoing climate and COVID-19 crises, I believe that we can change the story of the world if we change the storyline. “The seeds of goodness live in the soil of appreciation for goodness.”

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Longboan, Liezel. "“I don’t want trouble”." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 27, no. 4 (August 6, 2018): 380–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-01-2018-0021.

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Purpose Studies which look at disaster affected people’s use of communications technologies often fail to take into account people’s communication rights in their analyses, particularly their right to freedom of expression. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to this issue by exploring the link between freedom of expression, community participation and disaster risk reduction in the use of digital feedback channels offered by aid and government agencies in the aftermath of Typhoon Haiyan. Design/methodology/approach Ethnographic fieldwork was undertaken in the Philippines between 2014 and 2015 in Tacloban City and Sabay Island, both in the Visayas, which have been affected by Typhoon Haiyan. A total of 101 in-depth interviews were conducted with affected people, local and national officials, community leaders, civil society groups, telecommunications companies and humanitarian agencies. Findings The interviews reveal that majority of disaster-affected Filipinos chose not to engage with formal feedback platforms offered by government and aid agencies out of fear of giving critical feedback to those in authority. They were concerned about the possibility of losing their entitlement to aid, of being reprimanded by government officers, and of the threat to their lives and of their loved ones if they expressed criticism to the government’s recovery efforts. Nonetheless, 15 per cent used backchannels while 10 per cent availed of the formal means to express their views about the recovery. Research limitations/implications The paper sought to draw links between people’s lack of engagement with the formal feedback mechanisms offered by government and aid agencies in the wake of Haiyan and the restrictive sociopolitical environment in the Philippines. Further research could be undertaken to examine how freedom of expression plays a role in disaster prevention and mitigation. Research into this area could potentially provide concrete steps to help prevent the occurrence of disasters and mitigate their impacts. Originality/value Freedom of expression and its place in disaster risk reduction is rarely explored in disaster studies. The paper addresses this oversight by examining the lack of engagement by communities affected by Haiyan with digital feedback channels provided by aid agencies and government. The findings suggest that despite the provisions for community participation in DRR under the Philippine Disaster Law, people are prevented to express criticism and dissent which puts into question the spirit and purpose of the law.

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Navarro, Carl Kenneth P., Cris Gel Loui A. Arcadio, Kaye M. Similatan, Sherley Ann T. Inocente, Marybeth Hope T. Banda, Rey Y. Capangpangan, Armi G. Torres, and Hernando P. Bacosa. "Unraveling Microplastic Pollution in Mangrove Sediments of Butuan Bay, Philippines." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (November 4, 2022): 14469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142114469.

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The mass production and consumption of plastics have serious effects on the environment, human health, and livelihood. Hence, global efforts to reduce plastic generation must be realized. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of microplastics in mangrove sediments of Cabadbaran, Buenavista, and Nasipit in Butuan Bay, Philippines. Seventy-two (72) microplastic particles were extracted from mangrove sediments dominated by fibrous type (71%) and blue (35%) as the most common color. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared (ATR–FTIR) spectroscopy was used to assess the polymer type of microplastics. Results reveal a total of six polymer types including high-density polyethylene, low-density polyethylene, polyethylene terephthalate, ethylene-vinyl acetate, polyamide, and polypropylene, with the latter comprising 39% of samples, the highest among the extracted particles. Overall, Nasipit (71.1/kg) obtained the highest microplastic density followed by Buenavista (48.9/kg) and Cabadbaran (40.0/kg). These data will serve as a piece of baseline information in crafting important environmental policies to address plastic pollution issues in the area. Long-term studies are recommended to better understand, monitor, and prevent further microplastic pollution in Butuan Bay.

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Palm, Karl E., Gary A. Campbell, and Jenny L. Apriesnig. "Management of local fisheries: A case study of Laoang, Northern Samar, Philippines." Marine Policy 132 (October 2021): 104657. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2021.104657.

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Naz, Gremil Alessandro Alcazar, Arvin G. Malonzo, Benito L. Salvador Jr., and Cedric D. Daep. "Disaster Risk Communication and the Zero-Casualty Goal of Albay Province, Philippines." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 12, no. 1 (January 2021): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2021010107.

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The province of Albay in the Philippines is highly vulnerable to climatic and geologic hazards, but it has largely achieved its zero-casualty goal for the past two decades. In recognition of this achievement, the province has garnered numerous awards from international and national organizations. Past studies have identified Albay's success factors, but the role of communication has been overlooked. Thus, this research discusses the communication projects and protocols of Albay on disaster management. Data were obtained from interviews of key informants and examination of official documents. Results showed that the province's communication activities are assigned to specific persons, embedded in an early warning system, enacted using multiple media, supported by multiple stakeholders, and implemented under a strict protocol. These make Albay's disaster communication practices effective in attaining its zero-casualty goal during disasters.

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Pomeroy, Robert, Alice Joan Ferrer, and Joey Pedrajas. "An analysis of livelihood projects and programs for fishing communities in the Philippines." Marine Policy 81 (July 2017): 250–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.04.008.

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Rola, Agnes C., Teresita A. Narvaez, Maria Rio A. Naguit, Dulce D. Elazegui, Bing Baltazar C. Brillo, Merlyne M. Paunlagui, Hadji C. Jalotjot, and Catherine P. Cervantes. "Impact of the closed fishing season policy for sardines in Zamboanga Peninsula, Philippines." Marine Policy 87 (January 2018): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpol.2017.09.029.

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Nugroho, Arif Satrio, and Ika Riswanti Putranti. "International Seabed Regime in Southeast Asia: The Lack of ASEAN Member States’ Role in Seabed Mining." Indonesian Perspective 3, no. 1 (September 6, 2018): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/ip.v3i1.20177.

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International Seabed Authority (ISA) as a part of implementation of UNCLOS Part XI has main objective is to foster healthy economic development especially for developing states and to minimize the negative environmental impacts derived from activities in the area. Although ISA had facilitated states to provide legal procedure to establish seabed explorations, the role of developing states are still lacking. For instance, the role of ASEAN member states are still minimum though some of its states rely on maritime resources such as Indonesia and Philippines. This paper argues that there are two main factors that cause minimum roles of ASEAN states in the development of seabed mining; lack of awareness of government officials, academics and its people in development of law of sea, mainly in seabed mining matters and the excessive cost and high technology requirements to explore and later to exploit seabed materials. To overcome the issue, ASEAN states should increase its stakeholder awareness in law of sea progress and the importance of seabed mining. In addition, ASEAN states could wait the Enterprise as an economic arm of The Authority to come into account to facilitate developing states in seabed exploitation for commercial value. In order to overcome environmental issue regarding seabed mining, ASEAN should maximize its own body of institution which already been built.Keywords: International Seabed Authority, seabed mining, ASEAN

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Abansi, Corazon Lumbera. "Biodiversity Conservation and Social Science Underpinnings in the Cordillera Highlands of Northern Philippines." International Journal of Social Ecology and Sustainable Development 10, no. 4 (October 2019): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsesd.2019100102.

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This article conducts a literature review and synthesis of social science research on biodiversity in the Cordillera of Northern Philippines. The area hosts key biodiversity sites that need protection and conservation but there is little understanding of the socio-cultural, economic and political dynamics that cause the loss of biodiversity and effective conservation. The review showed unequal distribution of social-science among the different sites in the Cordillera with concentration in urban areas. The reviewed materials showed a wide scope of topics, indicating that the social dimension of biodiversity conservation is complex and multidimensional. For social science research to better inform decision-making in biodiversity conservation, social scientists need to be aggressive and openly engaged with practitioners and local policy makers so that relevant research findings could penetrate biodiversity management practice. Partnership among universities and productive research groups could address the disproportionate distribution of research efforts across sites.

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Adia, Alexander C., Arjee J. Restar, Connie J. Lee, Mark P. Payawal, Ma Irene Quilantang, Jennifer Nazareno, and Don Operario. "Sword and Shield: Perceptions of law in empowering and protecting HIV-positive men who have sex with men in Manila, Philippines." Global Public Health 15, no. 1 (May 28, 2019): 52–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441692.2019.1622762.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental law Philippines'

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