Relevant bibliographies by topics / Environmental microbiology

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental microbiology'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Westover, Kristi M. "Environmental Microbiology." Ecology 80, no. 4 (June 1999): 1447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1890/0012-9658(1999)080[1447:em]2.0.co;2.

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Germida, J. J. "Environmental Microbiology." Soil Science 167, no. 6 (June 2002): 416–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-200206000-00006.

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Burns, Richard G. "Environmental Microbiology." Soil Science 170, no. 12 (December 2005): 1050–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ss.0000190508.10804.a3.

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Edberg, Stephen C. "Environmental Sanitation Microbiology." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 75, no. 1 (January 1, 1992): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/75.1.127.

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Edberg, Stephen. "Environmental Sanitation Microbiology." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 251. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.1.251.

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Timmis, Kenneth, and Joan Timmis. "Environmental Microbiology is 20!" Environmental Microbiology 20, no. 6 (June 2018): 1936–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1462-2920.14131.

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Ash, C. "ENVIRONMENTAL MICROBIOLOGY: Colorful Coexistence." Science 315, no. 5817 (March 9, 2007): 1339b. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.315.5817.1339b.

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Madsen, Eugene L. "Epistemology of Environmental Microbiology." Environmental Science & Technology 32, no. 4 (February 1998): 429–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es970551y.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "History of environmental microbiology." Environmental Microbiology 9, no. 1 (January 2007): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01221.x.

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Wackett, Lawrence P. "Environmental microbiology and scale." Environmental Microbiology 12, no. 11 (November 2010): 3087–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1462-2920.2010.02370.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Dumas, Eve-Marie. "Development of new imaging tools for environmental microbiology." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=95020.

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Environmental microbiology is a field that has been explored for years using tools which are limited in their ability to adapt to the environment studied. The goal of this thesis is to develop new tools for in situ imaging of microorganisms. The first of these tools is a class of photoluminescent probes for fluorescence microscopy. Many microscopic dyes have been used with light microscopes to label microorganisms, but the protocol of each of these techniques limits either the type of organism targeted or the type of environment that can be studied. Most of these probes also only work for a short time due to photobleaching or degrade if stored. An emerging class of fluorophores in the field of cellular and microbiology is the quantum dot (QD), a semiconductor nanoparticle which has recently been made biocompatible. The use of QDs as bacterial probe I studied here, and characterized by studying the particles' interaction with and cytotoxicity to several test organisms, both Gram positive and Gram negative. We find that QDs are toxic to most bacteria due, among other things, to their production of reactive oxygen species. However, this affect varies from one strain to another, suggesting the existence of resistance mechanisms. Although QDs are more toxic to Gram negative strains, electron transfer and depolarisation does not seem to be the source of the toxicity. QDs have a promising future in microbiology as both labeling and anti-microbial agents. In the second part of the thesis, a new microscopic technology was explored for field use: live in-line holographic microscopy. A custom, laser-based holographic microscope was used in a Mars analogue site in order to determine whether it was capable of surviving the harsh conditions and of providing valid data. We experimented in automating the system by combining it with an amphibious robot which was shown to be able to pull the holographic microscope while the latter was recording. Overall, these findings
La microbiologie environnementale est une discipline qui a longtemps été explorée à l'aide d'outils qui sont limités par leur habileté à s'adapter à l'environnement. Le but de cette thèse est de développer de nouveaux outils pour l'imagerie de microorganismes in situ. Le premier de ces outils est une classe de sonde photolumineuse pour la microscopie fluorescente. Plusieurs teintures ont été utilisé avec des microscopes à lumière afin d'étiqueter des microorganismes, mais chacune de ces techniques est limitée par son protocole. Ces techniques peuvent soit seulement cibler certains types d'organismes, soit sont limitée au niveau de l'environnement étudié. De plus, La plupart de ces teintures sont blanchient par la lumière et ne peuvent être entreposée très longtemps. Les points quantiques (PQ), une nanoparticule semiconductrice qui est maintenant biocompatible, sont maintenant utilisés en microbiologie. J'ai explore ici, l'utilisation de PQs comme sonde bactérienne et les est caractérisée en étudiant leur interaction avec et la toxicité causée à plusieurs microorganismes. Nous avons démontré que la toxicité des PQs est causée, entre autre, par la libération d'espèces d'oxygène réactive. Cependant, l'effet observé varie selon la souche, suggérant l'existence d'un procédé de résistance aux PQs. Nous avons conclus que malgré le fait que les bactéries Gram négatives sont plus affectée par les particules que les Gram positives, le transfère d'électron et la dépolarisation ne sont pas en cause. Les PQs ont un futur prometteur en microbiologie entant que sonde et agent antimicrobien. Dans la seconde partie de cette thèse, l'utilisation d'une nouvelle technologie microscopique sur le terrain a été explorée. Un microscope holographique au laser modifié a été utilisé sur un site analogue à la planète Mars afin de s'assurer que l'instrument pouvait subir ces conditions extrêmes sans dommage et pouvait
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Jaber, Salah. "Canine faeces : the microbiology of an environmental health problem." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3849/.

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The overall aim of the research work reported in this Thesis was to study a variety of aspects of dog faeces in relation to public health, their fertilizer potential and possibility that such faeces might be remediated using larvae, ultimately to provide a source of biodiesel. The results can be summarized as follows: 1) Dog faeces were shown to be source of pathogenic bacteria, notably Escherichia. coli and Salmonella. These bacteria were shown to be transferred to the soil of a local playing field by direct, in situ, transfer from dog faeces undergoing weathering. E. coli and Salmonella enterica were isolated from all four sites while no such isolates were obtained from the fifth location which was uncontaminated with dog faeces 2) It was shown here that “common or garden” slugs can transfer potentially pathogenic bacteria from dog faeces to lettuce. 3) The feeding of Black Soldier Fly Larvae on faeces led to a statistically significant increase in the number of bacteria inside the BSFL gut and the same trend was seen in relation to dog faeces fed Fruit Beetle Larvae. This trend of increasing bacterial numbers in larvae fed on dog faeces is particularly worrying in relation to the potential feeding of these larvae to animals- post exposure to faeces. 4) Dog faeces were shown to have potential inherent fertilizer content; the nutrients present being released over a time period mimicking the natural weathering of dog faeces in the environment. 5) As a generalization, the addition of both types of larvae to dog faeces significantly reduced the concentration of indigenous plant nutrients over the entire four week incubation period; exceptions to this were nitrate and phosphate concentrations in BSFL treated faeces, where significant increases were seen at week 4 and 3 respectively and in faeces treated with FBL, where ammonium concentrations were significantly increased at weeks 2-4, and phosphate at week 4. While the addition of both larvae therefore IV initially decreased levels of indigenous plant nutrients there was a trend in some of the nutrients to increase the longer the incubation went on. This suggests that perhaps a longer term exposure of dog faeces to the two larvae might have lead to increase in ammonium, nitrate, sulphate and phosphate concentrations. The addition of ammonium, elemental sulphur an insoluble phosphate to dog faeces which had been modified by the two larvae led to significant increases in nitrate, sulphate and plant-available phosphate, results which shows that that dog faeces contains the indigenous microflora required for the transformation of these amendments (which simulate fertilizer addition). The results suggest the possibility that larval modified dog faeces could be used as compost additive fertilizer, or perhaps even be used as an agricultural soil fertilizer. 6) The potential for using fly larvae for the bioremediation of dog faeces was investigated. Black Soldier Fly (BSFL) and Fruit Beetle (FBL) Fly larvae were shown to dramatically improve the physical nature of canine faeces, even after only a short exposure period, giving a bioremediated product which is markedly improved in terms of texture, reduced odour and overall reduced offensiveness. The bioremediated dog faeces product was also found to be suitable as potting compost when “diluted” with proprietary potting compost. 7) The haemolymph and total body extracts of BSFL and FBL were shown to be antibacterial. 8) The potential for using dog faeces and dog faeces which had been treated with BSFL and FB as a source of biodiesel was determined. It was shown that potential biodiesel precursors) (mainly fatty acids) were present both in the raw dog faeces and in faeces which were treated with the two different larvae. 9) The number of bacteria present in dog faeces disposed of in plastic bags dramatically increased over exposure to the UK summer, when temperatures were recorded between 10-270C.
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Iker, Brandon Charles. "Application of Advanced Molecular Techniques in Applied Environmental Microbiology." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/301699.

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Recent advancements in molecular biology such as next generation sequencing and more sensitive and rapid molecular detection methods like qPCR, have historically been developed for clinical applications in human genetics and for health care diagnostic purposes. The high demand for faster and more accurate molecular assays in the health care field has driven rapid development of inexpensive molecular techniques that when applied to the science of environmental microbiology, provides an unprecedented level of understanding of the microbial world around us. The goal of this dissertation is to begin to apply more advanced molecular technologies to problems in applied environmental microbiology. Appendix A is a brief literature review of next generation sequencing technologies for applications in environmental microbiology. Appendix B focuses on the development of a more robust virus nucleic extraction kit for the detection of viral genomes from environmental samples found to contain high concentrations of qPCR inhibitors, such as humic acids or heavy metals. Appendix C summarizes one of the largest virus surveys done in the US, using state of the art qPCR technologies in both wastewater influent and effluent from two wastewater treatment plants in the Southwest. Data suggests that traditional virus indicators may not be a viable tool to evaluate fecally impacted source water or virus removal during water treatment. The third study summarized in Appendix D, provides one of the first insights into the microbial ecology of biofilms utilized as biological treatment media using Roche 454 amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene.
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Amasah, Reda. "Studies on the environmental microbiology and biogeochemistry of desert surface soils." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/2769/.

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Microorganisms play a key role in the functioning of the environment, particularly in relation to the biogeochemical cycles. Here, a study was made of the microbial activity of primitive desert surface soils in comparison with that exhibited by a fertile agricultural loam soil. The microbial transformations studied included nitrification, the hydrolysis of urea, the oxidation of elemental sulphur to sulphate and phosphate solubilisation; these processes were collectively used to study the biogeochemical activity of desert surface soils. Bacterial population densities in the desert surface soils, fertile loam soils and volcanic, cave rock samples were also determined. A variety of bacterial isolates from desert surface soils and cave rock samples have been identified using molecular identification techniques like DNA extraction, PCR amplification, determinations of 16S and 18S rRNA gene sequences. The isolation and characterization of extremophilic bacterial strains from a dormant volcano on the island of Reunion is reported, using molecular identification, morphological and physiological studies. As the area of the volcano, from which these bacteria were isolated, has not been recently active, it was considered of interest to determine if these bacteria grow, or merely survive, in a mesophilic environment. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) was used to study the compatible solutes in these isolates when growing under high temperatures, low and high pH stresses and at various concentrations of NaCl. Finally, various environmental samples were tested in order to detect the presence of Mycoplasma using an EZ-PCR Mycoplasma Test Kit.
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Al-Mousa, Fawaz Ali F. "Neurotoxicity of environmental pollutants." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1461/.

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Brominated flame retardants (BFRs) and alkylphenols (APs) are pollutants commonly found within the environment and have human health concerns due to their endocrine disrupting and cytotoxic effects. BFRs are used to reduce the flammability of a variety of consumer products such as foam furnishings, whereas APs are found in plastic products used by the food industry. This study investigated the neurotoxicity of the most commonly used groups of BFRs and APs on SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. The results presented in this thesis showed (using cell viability assays) that these pollutants are toxic at low concentrations. Some compounds such as hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) and 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) induce cell death (apoptosis) by caspases activation (Casp-8, Casp-9 and Casp-3) and cytochrome c release at low micromolar concentrations (IC50 ~ 4μM and 6μM, respectively). Consequently this study also showed that these compounds increased intracellular [Ca2+] levels and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) within SH-SY5Y cells by causing Ca2+-dependent depolarization of the mitochondria. In support of a Ca2+-mediated mechanism, the data presented here shows that some BFRs and APs inhibit Sarcoplasmic/ Endoplasmic Ca2+-ATPase (SERCA) and to corroborate this over-expressing SERCA1 improved cell viability especially in cells exposed to certain cytotoxic chemicals such as HBCD; this study is the first experiment of this type to be performed. This study also showed that some of these chemicals, at low concentrations had amyloidgenic effects causing the cleavage amyloid precursor protein (APP) into Beta-amyloid (Aβ) and could therefore be implicated in Alzheimer‟s disease (AD).
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Amos, Gregory C. A. "Environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/58024/.

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Emerging antibiotic resistance mechanisms threatens the foundation of modern medicine. Growing evidence suggests anthropogenic inputs such as agriculture could form reservoirs of resistant bacteria which could directly or indirectly transfer to humans. Waste Water treatment plants (WWTPs) are an input which contains waste from several sources including that of human, animal and industry, providing a hot-spot for horizontal gene transfer to occur between bacteria from many origins. In this project we evaluated the role of WWTPs in creating environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance. An initial study investigated the impacts of WWTP effluent on the antibiotic resistant bacterial load in downstream rivers, particularly focusing on the class 1 integron as a marker for resistance. WWTP effluent was responsible for significantly higher levels of resistant bacteria in downstream river sediments compared to upstream, a result of the introduction and/ or selection for a diverse range of class 1 integrons. A second study investigated the effects of effluent on the clinically important antibiotic resistance gene blaCTX-M-15. Numerous examples of blaCTX-M-15 carried on new genetic contexts in association with new pathogenicity determinants were recovered, as was evidence for transfer of blaCTX-M-15 between diverse bacteria. The prevalence of blaCTX-M-15 as well as the diversity of its carriage were both increased greatly by WWTP effluent. The final study was on the Thames River basin in the UK, where we developed a model with the ability to predict antibiotic resistance load and exposure. This work suggests that WWTP effluent contributes to environmental reservoirs of resistant bacteria which could be of clinical importance. There is a danger that continued expansion of environmental reservoirs of antibiotic resistance will lead to increased therapeutic failure in the clinic and ultimately the end of the antibiotic era.
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McMullan, Geoffrey. "The biodegradation of organophosphonates by environmental bacteria." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.317516.

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Danczak, Robert E. "Dynamics in Microbial Ecology Across an Environmental Stability Gradient." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1530878203337741.

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Yuan, Heyang. "Bioelectrochemical Systems: Microbiology, Catalysts, Processes and Applications." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/79910.

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The treatment of water and wastewater is energy intensive, and there is an urgent need to develop new approaches to address the water-energy challenges. Bioelectrochemical systems (BES) are energy-efficient technologies that can treat wastewater and simultaneously achieve multiple functions such as energy generation, hydrogen production and/or desalination. The objectives of this dissertation are to understand the fundamental microbiology of BES, develop cost-effective cathode catalysts, optimize the process engineering and identify the application niches. It has been shown in Chapter 2 that electrochemically active bacteria can take advantage of shuttle-mediated EET and create optimal anode salinities for their dominance. A novel statistical model has been developed based on the taxonomic data to understand and predict functional dynamics and current production. In Chapter 3, 4 and 5, three cathode catalyst (i.e., N- and S- co-doped porous carbon nanosheets, N-doped bamboo-like CNTs and MoS2 coated on CNTs) have been synthesized and showed effective catalysis of oxygen reduction reaction or hydrogen evolution reaction in BES. Chapter 6, 7 and 8 have demonstrated how BES can be combined with forward osmosis to enhance desalination or achieve self-powered hydrogen production. Mathematical models have been developed to predict the performance of the integrated systems. In Chapter 9, BES have been used as a research platform to understand the fate and removal of antibiotic resistant genes under anaerobic conditions. The studies in this dissertation have collectively demonstrated that BES may hold great promise for energy-efficient water and wastewater treatment.
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Aḥmad, Mushtāq. "Physiological studies on environmental and hospital isolates of 'Enterococcus' spp." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.362430.

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Books on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Walker, John M., John F. T. Spencer, and Alicia L. Ragout de Spencer, eds. Environmental Microbiology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592597653.

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Mitchell, Ralph. Environmental microbiology. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010.

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Paulsen, Ian T., and Andrew J. Holmes, eds. Environmental Microbiology. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-62703-712-9.

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Mitchell, Ralph, and Ji-Dong Gu, eds. Environmental Microbiology. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.

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R, Leadbetter Jared, ed. Environmental microbiology. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2005.

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M, Maier Raina, Pepper Ian L, and Gerba Charles P. 1945-, eds. Environmental microbiology. 2nd ed. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.

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1934-, Mitchell Ralph, ed. Environmental microbiology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1992.

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1934-, Mitchell Ralph, and Gu Ji-Dong, eds. Environmental microbiology. 2nd ed. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley, 2009.

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Madsen, Eugene L. Environmental microbiology. Malden, MA: Blackwell Pub., 2008.

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Reineke, Walter, and Michael Schlömann. Environmental Microbiology. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66547-3.

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Book chapters on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Grant, W. D., and P. E. Long. "Environmental Microbiology." In The Natural Environment and the Biogeochemical Cycles, 125–237. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39209-5_4.

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Hopcroft, Francis, and Abigail Charest. "Environmental Microbiology Experiments." In Experiment Design for Environmental Engineering, 179–215. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003184249-12.

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Reineke, Walter, and Michael Schlömann. "Environmental Chemicals." In Environmental Microbiology, 127–60. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-66547-3_5.

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Hazen, Terry C., and Gary S. Sayler. "Environmental Systems Microbiology of Contaminated Environments." In Manual of Environmental Microbiology, 5.1.6–1–5.1.6–10. Washington, DC, USA: ASM Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/9781555818821.ch5.1.6.

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Ducklow, Hugh W., Xosé Anxelu G. Morán, and Alison E. Murray. "Bacteria in the Greenhouse: Marine Microbes and Climate Change." In Environmental Microbiology, 1–31. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch1.

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Weinert, Nicole, Remo Meincke, Michael Schloter, Gabriele Berg, and Kornelia Smalla. "Effects of Genetically Modified Plants on Soil Microorganisms." In Environmental Microbiology, 235–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch10.

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O'Flaherty, Vincent, Gavin Collins, and Thérèse Mahony. "Anaerobic Digestion of Agricultural Residues." In Environmental Microbiology, 259–79. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch11.

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Barlaz, Morton A., Bryan F. Staley, and Francis L. de los Reyes. "Anaerobic Biodegradation of Solid Waste." In Environmental Microbiology, 281–99. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch12.

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Curtis, Thomas P. "Low-Energy Wastewater Treatment: Strategies and Technologies." In Environmental Microbiology, 301–18. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch13.

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Seagren, Eric A., and Ahmet H. Aydilek. "Bioremediated Geomechanical Processes." In Environmental Microbiology, 319–48. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470495117.ch14.

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Conference papers on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Hills, Mindy, Vaikko Allen, and James Lenhart. "Investigating the Microbiology of Bioretention." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480632.034.

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Cioletti, Louis A., S. K. Mishra, Duane L. Pierson, and David W. Koenig. "Microbiology Standards for the International Space Station." In International Conference on Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/951682.

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Cioletti, L. A., S. K. Mishra, E. Richard, R. Taylor, and D. L. Pierson. "Microbiology Facilities Aboard Space Station Freedom (SSF)." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/901262.

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Flynn, Michael, Linda Powers, and Barry Pyle. "Identification of Extraterrestrial Microbiology Using Fluorescent Analysis Techniques." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/1999-01-2207.

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Cioletti, Louis A., S. K. Mishra, and Duane L. Pierson. "Microbiology Operations and Facilities Aboard Restructured Space Station Freedom." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/921213.

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Kostka, Joel. "2023 Applied and Environmental Microbiology GRC & GRS." In The Gordon Research Conference (GRC) and Gordon Research Seminar (GRS) on Applied and Environmental Microbiology were held at Mount Holyoke College in South Hadley, Massachusetts from July 16-21, 2023. US DOE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2297405.

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"Microbiology Examination of Chronic Maxillary Sinusitis in Nigeria." In International Conference on Advances in Agricultural, Biological & Environmental Sciences. International Institute of Chemical, Biological & Environmental Engineering, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.15242/iicbe.c1014072.

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Arévalo-Villena, M., N. Barrajón-Simancas, E. Cerdeño-Gómez, and A. Briones. "Microbiology stability of wine from Castilla la Mancha." In Proceedings of the II International Conference on Environmental, Industrial and Applied Microbiology (BioMicroWorld2007). WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812837554_0084.

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Zeng, Ming, Qingzhu Jia, Chang Wang, and Nan Wu. "Innovative Model of Environmental Engineering Microbiology Experiments Coupling with Classroom Teaching." In 2017 3rd International Conference on Social Science and Higher Education. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icsshe-17.2017.57.

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Dulaney, P., and E. Cole. "235. Environmental Microbiology: Aiha Empat Program Ensures Sound Data for Smart Decisions." In AIHce 1999. AIHA, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3320/1.2763078.

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Reports on the topic "Environmental microbiology"

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Author, Not Given. Applied and Environmental Microbiology [agenda and attendee list]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/806576.

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Kuske, Cheryl R. Environmental Microbiology team capability relevant to Arctic climate change studies - Dogliani Norway visit. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1050470.

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Duncan, David Sean. Linking soil microbiology and environmental conditions to variability in nitrous oxide production in bioenergy cropping systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1477790.

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Drake, Harold. 2001 Gordon Research Conference on Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Final progress report [agenda and attendee list]. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/806640.

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Marsh, Anne S. FAQ: Microbiology of Built Environments. American Society for Microbiology, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.sept.2015.

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Corscadden, Louise, and Anjali Singh. Methods Of Cleaning And Sterilization. Maze Engineers, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55157/cs20221207.

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Microbiology, tissue culture, medical, equipment manufacturing labs, and many research labs and industries need strict sterile environments for their diverse operations. Experiments, specifically those involving cell lines or microorganisms need to be conducted in a controlled environment. Contamination not only voids experiments, but also wastes effort, time, and money and when involving patients, it poses serious health risks. It is essential to be well-versed in laboratory sterilization techniques.
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Mizrahi, Itzhak, and Bryan A. White. Uncovering rumen microbiome components shaping feed efficiency in dairy cows. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.7600020.bard.

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Ruminants provide human society with high quality food from non-human-edible resources, but their emissions negatively impact the environment via greenhouse gas production. The rumen and its resident microorganisms dictate both processes. The overall goal of this project was to determine whether a causal relationship exists between the rumen microbiome and the host animal's physiology, and if so, to isolate and examine the specific determinants that enable this causality. To this end, we divided the project into three specific parts: (1) determining the feed efficiency of 200 milking cows, (2) determining whether the feed- efficiency phenotype can be transferred by transplantation and (3) isolating and examining microbial consortia that can affect the feed-efficiency phenotype by their transplantation into germ-free ruminants. We finally included 1000 dairy cow metadata in our study that revealed a global core microbiome present in the rumen whose composition and abundance predicted many of the cows’ production phenotypes, including methane emission. Certain members of the core microbiome are heritable and have strong associations to cardinal rumen metabolites and fermentation products that govern the efficiency of milk production. These heritable core microbes therefore present primary targets for rumen manipulation towards sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. We then went beyond examining the metagenomic content, and asked whether microbes behave differently with relation to the host efficiency state. We sampled twelve animals with two extreme efficiency phenotypes, high efficiency and low efficiency where the first represents animals that maximize energy utilization from their feed whilst the later represents animals with very low utilization of the energy from their feed. Our analysis revealed differences in two host efficiency states in terms of the microbial expression profiles both with regards to protein identities and quantities. Another aim of the proposal was the cultivation of undescribed rumen microorganisms is one of the most important tasks in rumen microbiology. Our findings from phylogenetic analysis of cultured OTUs on the lower branches of the phylogenetic tree suggest that multifactorial traits govern cultivability. Interestingly, most of the cultured OTUs belonged to the rare rumen biosphere. These cultured OTUs could not be detected in the rumen microbiome, even when we surveyed it across 38 rumen microbiome samples. These findings add another unique dimension to the complexity of the rumen microbiome and suggest that a large number of different organisms can be cultured in a single cultivation effort. In the context of the grant, the establishment of ruminant germ-free facility was possible and preliminary experiments were successful, which open up the way for direct applications of the new concepts discovered here, prior to the larger scale implementation at the agricultural level.
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Klement, Eyal, Elizabeth Howerth, William C. Wilson, David Stallknecht, Danny Mead, Hagai Yadin, Itamar Lensky, and Nadav Galon. Exploration of the Epidemiology of a Newly Emerging Cattle-Epizootic Hemorrhagic Disease Virus in Israel. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2012.7697118.bard.

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In September 2006 an outbreak of 'Bluetongue like' disease struck the cattle herds in Israel. Over 100 dairy and beef cattle herds were affected. Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) (an Orbivirusclosely related to bluetongue virus (BTV)), was isolated from samples collected from several herds during the outbreaks. Following are the aims of the study and summary of the results: which up until now were published in 6 articles in peer-reviewed journals. Three more articles are still under preparation: 1. To identify the origin of the virus: The virus identified was fully sequenced and compared with the sequences available in the GenBank. It appeared that while gene segment L2 was clustered with EHDV-7 isolated in Australia, most of the other segments were clustered with EHDV-6 isolates from South-Africa and Bahrain. This may suggest that the strain which affected Israel on 2006 may have been related to similar outbreaks which occurred in north-Africa at the same year and could also be a result of reassortment with an Australian strain (Wilson et al. article in preparation). Analysis of the serological results from Israel demonstrated that cows and calves were similarly positive as opposed to BTV for which seropositivity in cows was significantly higher than in calves. This finding also supports the hypothesis that the 2006 EHD outbreak in Israel was an incursive event and the virus was not present in Israel before this outbreak (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Journal, 2011) 2. To identify the vectors of this virus: In the US, Culicoides sonorensis was found as an efficient vector of EHDV as the virus was transmitted by midges fed on infected white tailed deer (WTD; Odocoileusvirginianus) to susceptible WTD (Ruder et al. Parasites and Vectors, 2012). We also examined the effect of temperature on replication of EHDV-7 in C. sonorensis and demonstrated that the time to detection of potentially competent midges decreased with increasing temperature (Ruder et al. in preparation). Although multiple attempts were made, we failed to evaluate wild-caught Culicoidesinsignisas a potential vector for EHDV-7; however, our finding that C. sonorensis is a competent vector is far more significant because this species is widespread in the U.S. As for Israeli Culicoides spp. the main species caught near farms affected during the outbreaks were C. imicolaand C. oxystoma. The vector competence studies performed in Israel were in a smaller scale than in the US due to lack of a laboratory colony of these species and due to lack of facilities to infect animals with vector borne diseases. However, we found both species to be susceptible for infection by EHDV. For C. oxystoma, 1/3 of the Culicoidesinfected were positive 11 days post feeding. 3. To identify the host and environmental factors influencing the level of exposure to EHDV, its spread and its associated morbidity: Analysis of the cattle morbidity in Israel showed that the disease resulted in an average loss of over 200 kg milk per cow in herds affected during September 2006 and 1.42% excess mortality in heavily infected herds (Kedmi et al. Journal of Dairy Science, 2010). Outbreak investigation showed that winds played a significant role in virus spread during the 2006 outbreak (Kedmi et al. Preventive Veterinary Medicine, 2010). Further studies showed that both sheep (Kedmi et al. Veterinary Microbiology, 2011) and wild ruminants did not play a significant role in virus spread in Israel (Kedmi et al. article in preparation). Clinical studies in WTD showed that this species is highly susceptibile to EHDV-7 infection and disease (Ruder et al. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 2012). Experimental infection of Holstein cattle (cows and calves) yielded subclinical viremia (Ruder et al. in preparation). The findings of this study, which resulted in 6 articles, published in peer reviewed journals and 4 more articles which are in preparation, contributed to the dairy industry in Israel by defining the main factors associated with disease spread and assessment of disease impact. In the US, we demonstrated that sufficient conditions exist for potential virus establishment if EHDV-7 were introduced. The significant knowledge gained through this study will enable better decision making regarding prevention and control measures for EHDV and similar viruses, such as BTV.
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Weinberg, Zwi G., Richard E. Muck, Nathan Gollop, Gilad Ashbell, Paul J. Weimer, and Limin Kung, Jr. effect of lactic acid bacteria silage inoculants on the ruminal ecosystem, fiber digestibility and animal performance. United States Department of Agriculture, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7587222.bard.

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The overall objective of the whole research was to elucidate the mechanisms by which LAB silage inoculants enhance ruminant performance. The results generated will permit the development of better silage inoculants that maximize both silage preservation and animal performance. For this one-year BARD feasibility study, the objectives were to: 1. determine whether lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used in inoculants for silage can survive in rumen fluid (RF) 2.select the inoculants that survived best, and 3. test whether LAB silage inoculants produce bacteriocins-like substances. The most promising strains will be used in the next steps of the research. Silage inoculants containing LAB are used in order to improve forage preservation efficiency. In addition, silage inoculants enhance animal performance in many cases. This includes improvements in feed intake, liveweight gain and milk production in 25-40% of studies reviewed. The cause for the improvement in animal performance is not clear but appears to be other than direct effect of LAB inoculants on silage fermentation. Results from various studies suggest a possible probiotic effect. Our hypothesis is that specific LAB strains interact with rumen microorganisms which results in enhanced rumen functionality and animal performance. The first step of the research is to determine whether LAB of silage inoculants survive in RF. Silage inoculants (12 in the U.S. and 10 in Israel) were added to clarified and strained RF. Inoculation rate was 10 ⁶ (clarified RF), 10⁷ (strained RF) (in the U.S.) and 10⁷, 10⁸ CFU ml⁻¹ in Israel (strained RF). The inoculated RF was incubated for 72 and 96 h at 39°C, with and without 5 g 1⁻¹ glucose. Changes in pH, LAB numbers and fermentation products were monitored throughout the incubation period. The results indicated that LAB silage inoculants can survive in RF. The inoculants with the highest counts after 72 h incubation in rumen fluid were Lactobacillus plantarum MTD1 and a L. plantarum/P. cerevisiae mixture (USA) and Enterococcus faecium strains and Lactobacillus buchneri (Israel). Incubation of rumen fluid with silage LAB inoculants resulted in higher pH values in most cases as compared with that of un-inoculated controls. The magnitude of the effect varied among inoculants and typically was enhanced with the inoculants that survived best. This might suggest the mode of action of LAB silage inoculants in the rumen as higher pH enhances fibrolytic microorganisms in the rumen. Volatile fatty acid (VFA) concentrations in the inoculated RF tended to be lower than in the control RF after incubation. However, L. plalltarull1 MTDI resulted in the highest concentrations of VFA in the RF relative to other inoculants. The implication of this result is not as yet clear. In previous research by others, feeding silages which were inoculated with this strain consistently enhanced animal performance. These finding were recently published in Weinberg et.al.. (2003), J. of Applied Microbiology 94:1066-1071 and in Weinberg et al.. (2003), Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology (accepted). In addition, some strains in our studies have shown bacteriocins like activity. These included Pediococcus pentosaceus, Enterococcus faecium and Lactobacillus plantarum Mill 1. These results will enable us to continue the research with the LAB strains that survived best in the rumen fluid and have the highest potential to affect the rumen environment.
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Microbes in Models: Integrating Microbes into Earth System Models for Understanding Climate Change. American Society for Microbiology, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aamcol.jun.2023.

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Climate change is altering the planet and threatens humanity. Earth system models simulate the planet's physical, chemical, and biological processes to help scientists understand current environmental changes and make projections for Earth's future, which can inform society's responses to combat and mitigate climate change's negative effects. Climate change will fundamentally change life on Earth, including microorganisms. Microbes will also influence climate change by driving biogeochemical cycles through the consumption and production of greenhouse gasses. Thus, explicitly including microbial processes into Earth system models can improve model projections. However, fully understanding the feedbacks between climate change and microbes, and then including those processes into Earth systems models, is a major challenge. This report is based on the deliberations of experts who participated in a virtual colloquium on 6 and 8 December, 2022, organized by the American Academy of Microbiology, which is the honorific leadership group and think tank within the American Society for Microbiology. At the colloquium, these experts from the climate and microbial sciences attempted to clearly articulate current knowledge gaps of the two fields. As a result, the participants compiled a list of top ten challenges to better incorporate microbial processes into Earth system models. Solving these challenges requires new thinking and approaches. Transdisciplinary efforts have the potential to propel science—and society—towards combating climate change.
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