Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental microbiology (Analysis; Identification)'

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental microbiology (Analysis; Identification)"

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Pacheco, Fábio Luiz Camacho. "Identificação bacteriana por derivação de ácidos graxos extraídos de células íntegras." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/9/9139/tde-28092009-143513/.

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As salas limpas são amplamente empregadas em indústrias farmacêuticas destinadas a fabricar medicamentos e dispositivos estéreis. Nós empregamos coloração de Gram e cromatografia gasosa de ésteres metílicos de ácidos graxos extraídos de células íntegras de microrganismos ambientais para caracterizar e identificar bactérias isoladas em 50 salas limpas diferentes projetadas para a fabricação de medicamentos estéreis e para fornecer um perfil de ácidos graxos das espécies mais comuns de bactérias isoladas. Uma análise estatística nos permitiu corroborar estudos anteriores e confirmar que cocos Gram positivos é o grupo mais relevante de microrganismos presentes nas salas limpas avaliadas. A espécie predominante é Micrococcus luteus, isolada de salas classe B e de pessoal, seguida de Staphylococcus cohnii em classe C, Bacillus subtilis em classe A e Staphylococcus hominis em classe D. Os perfis de ácidos graxos destas bactérias são, na maioria, consistentes com as bibliotecas padrão. Nós também tentamos estabelecer uma correlação entre a estação do ano e o nível de contaminação, embora a análise de variância tenha mostrado que não há diferença significativa entre o nível de contaminação no decorrer das estações. Além do mais, análises repetidas com um aumento gradual de massa celular nos permitiram concluir que a quantidade ótima de material celular necessário para extração de ácidos graxos varia com a espécie de bactéria. Finalmente, um estudo comparativo de algumas bactérias incubadas em diferentes temperaturas confirmou que o perfil de ácidos graxos é altamente influenciado pela temperatura. Portanto, nós acreditamos que este trabalho possa contribuir para identificar e compreender a comunidade bacteriana de algumas salas limpas farmacêuticas.<br>Clean rooms are largely employed in pharmaceutical companies whose purpose is to produce sterile drugs and devices. We employed Gram staining and gas chromatography of fatty acid methyl esters extracted from whole cells of environmental isolates to characterize and identify bacteria isolated in each of 50 different clean rooms designed for the manufacturing of sterile medicinal products and to provide a fatty acid profile of the most common species of isolated bacteria. Statistical analysis allowed us to corroborate previous studies and confirm that Gram-positive cocci are the most relevant group of microorganisms inside the studied clean rooms. The predominant species is Micrococcus luteus, isolated from Grade B zones and from personnel, followed by Staphylococcus cohnii in Grade C, Bacillus subtilis in Grade A and S. hominis in Grade D. Fatty acid profiles of these bacteria are, to a great extent, consistent with standard libraries. We also attempted to establish a correlation between season and level of contamination, although variance analysis showed that there is no significant difference on the level of contamination throughout seasons. Furthermore, repeated analysis with a gradual increase in cell mass allowed us to conclude that the optimal amount of cell material depends on the species of the bacteria studied. Finally, a comparative study with some bacteria incubated in different temperatures confirmed that fatty acid profile is highly influenced by temperature. Therefore, we believe that this work can contribute to identify and understand the bacterial community of some pharmaceutical clean rooms.
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O'Rourke, Michele Jane. "Identification and analysis of differentiation components in Bacillus subtilis 168." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.312365.

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Inal, Jameel. "Identification and analysis of plasmid-encoded antigenic proteins in Bacillus anthracis." Thesis, Open University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314744.

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Jutras, Eileen Maura 1958. "Field-scale biofiltration: Performance evaluation and microbial analysis." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282533.

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Biofiltration has been shown to be an effective method for the remediation of volatile organic compounds (VOC's), particularly petroleum vapors extracted from the vadose zone. Many bacteria have the enzymatic pathways necessary for aerobic mineralization of VOC's to form cell biomass, carbon dioxide and water. Molecular methods such as nucleic acid hybridizations and the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), are methods that can be applied to environmental samples to characterize bacterial community structure and function. The research presented here reports the use of a field-scale biofilter for the remediation of unleaded gasoline vapors extracted from the vadose zone. An evaluation of contaminant removal efficiency over a five month period showed that the biofilter removed 90% of total petroleum hydrocarbons and greater than 90% of the EPA priority pollutants benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. The bacterial consortium in the biofilter medium readily adapted to increased loading rates, and variations in temperature and moisture. A combination of conventional cultural and molecular methods was used to track the bacterial populations over the course of the experiment. Polymerase chain reaction amplification of the small ribosomal subunit DNA sequence was used for identification of bacterial isolates and the design of DNA hybridization probes. Hybridization of these probes to community DNA samples taken from the biofilter over time revealed changes in specific bacterial populations as bioremediation occurred. Specifically, bacteria that could use gasoline, toluene, ethylbenzene or xylene were prevalent throughout the biofilter. Bacterial populations that could degrade xylene gradually increased over time, while overall total population size was the similar in the background sample and at the end of the study.
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Griffith, Rosemary Elaine. "Identification of mixtures of edible oils by the analysis of steryl esters." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329564.

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Malecha, Michael Markus. "Identification of lubricant contaminants in beverage cans using spectroscopic analysis and chemometrics." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269638.

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7

Yang, Zhan. "Conidia of Aspergillus fumigatus : functional analysis of surface components and identification of receptors for A549 epithelial cells." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391004.

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8

Farnsworth, Jacob S. "Hot Spot Identification and Analysis Methodology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3878.

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The Utah Department of Transportation (UDOT) Traffic and Safety Division continues to advance the safety of roadway sections throughout the state. To aid UDOT in meeting their goal the Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Brigham Young University (BYU) has worked with the Statistics Department in developing analysis tools for safety. The most recent of these tools has been the development of a hierarchical Bayesian Poisson Mixture Model (PMM) statistical model of traffic crashes and safety on UDOT roadways statewide and the integration of the results of this model in a Geographic Information System (GIS) framework. This research focuses on the enhancement of the framework for highway safety mitigation in Utah with its six primary steps: 1) network screening, 2) diagnosis, 3) countermeasure selection, 4) economic appraisal, 5) project prioritization, and 6) effectiveness evaluation. The framework was enhanced by developing a methodology for accomplishing the steps of network screening, diagnosis, and countermeasure selection. This methodology is titled, "Hot Spot Identification and Analysis." The hot spot identification and analysis methodology consists of the following seven steps: 1) identify problematic segments with safety concern, 2) identify problem spots within the segments, 3) micro analysis of problematic segments and spots, 4) defining the segment, 5) defining the problem, 6) evaluation of possible countermeasures, and 7) selection and recommendation of feasible countermeasures. The methodology is to help in the identification of hot spots with safety concerns so that they can be analyzed and countermeasures can be identified to mitigate the safety issues. Examples of how the methodology is to function are given with specific examples from Utah's state roadway network.
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Hoosain, Nisreen. "Phenotypic and molecular analysis of Helicobacter spp. and related micro-organisms identified in clinical & environmental specimens." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/2709.

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Abruquah, Harry H. "Identification of host-pathogen interacting molecules of Campylobacter jejuni using phage display technology and in silico sequence analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2009. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/10813/.

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Campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of human gastroenteritis world-wide, and the antecedent infection in Guillain-Barré syndrome. Although much progress has been made regarding its virulence determinants,our understanding of the molecular basis of C. jejuni pathogenesis still lags behind that of other enteric pathogens. Bacterial pathogenesis is often dependent on proteinaceous virulence factors transported to the bacterial cell surface or released into the external environment. Understanding the molecular basis of interactions between these proteins and host cells is necessary in understanding and controlling infections. Background: Previously identified adhesins of C. jejuni NCTC11168 have still not provided us with a total understanding of the pathogenesis of campylobacteriosis. It is hypothesized that as yet unidentified C. jejuni surface proteins interact with host proteins contributing to colonisation and pathogenesis. This study sought to screen the genome of C. jejuni NCTC11168 to identify additional genes that may code for other adhesins using phage display technology and in silico sequence analysis. Methods: A phage display library was constructed by the insertion of randomly fragmented chromosomal DNA of C. jejuni NCTC11168 into the phagemid vector pG8SAET. Following affinity panning of the library against holo- and apo-lactoferrin, enriched clones were screened with ELISA to identify affinity-binding clones. Several phage clones were randomly selected and their C. jejuni DNA inserts sequenced and analysed with bio-informatic tools. In order to identify novel autotransporter proteins of C. jejuni, the amino acid sequences of previously described adhesion-associated autotransporters were employed in BLAST searches of the predicted coding sequences of C. jejuni NCTC11168 genome database. Results: Screening of the phage display library resulted in the identification of C. jejuni NCTC11168 gene, Cj0609c, encoding a putative periplasmic protein, designated LimC, predicted to be a member of the SGNH-family of hydrolases, a diverse family of lipases and esterases. Searching the genome of C. jejuni NCTC11168, Cj0628 was identified as coding a protein with characteristics of autotransporters, designated CapA. CapA was demonstrated to be surface-exposed, mutants of which had a lowered ability to associate with or invade Caco-2 cells and failed to colonize chicken guts, indicating that CapA plays a role in host association and colonization by Campylobacter. Conclusion: LimC may be involved in binding of C. jejuni to lactoferrin for iron acquisition in vivo, and/or play further role in adhesion, colonization and internalisation of C. jejuni into host cells. CapA also plays a role in adhesion. Further characterization of these proteins should contribute to our understanding of the pathogenesis of C. jejuni.
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