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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environmental movements'
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David, Matthew. "Local environmental movements." Thesis, University of Kent, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.360969.
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Williams, Dana M. "Cross-National Protest Potential for Labor and Environmental Movements: The Relevance of Opportunity." Akron, OH : University of Akron, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=akron1239141317.
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Dissertation (Ph. D.)--University of Akron, Dept. of Sociology, 2009."May, 2009." Title from electronic dissertation title page (viewed 11/18/2009) Advisor, Rudy Fenwick; Committee members, Karl Kaltenthaler, Jerry Lewis, Brent Teasdale; Department Chair, John Zipp; Dean of the College, Chand Midha; Dean of the Graduate School, George R. Newkome. Includes bibliographical references.
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Herring, Horace. "Energy Utopianism and the rise of the anti-nuclear power movement in the UK." Thesis, n.p, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/.
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Yun, Sungbok. "Development, democracy and environmental movements in South Korea." Thesis, University of Essex, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369352.
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Hayes, Graeme. "Environmental protest and the State in France." Houndsmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire ; New York : Palgrave MacMillan, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/hol031/2002022421.html.
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Dampilon, Zhargal. "ENVIRONMENTAL MOVEMENTS IN RUSSIA (AN EXAMPLE FROM THE BAIKAL REGION)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203009.
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This thesis presents the analysis of environmental movements in Russia.Through a collective memory and discourse framework, this study reviews the overlap and disparity in perceptions of environmental movements in the Soviet Union and Russia.The portrait that emerges from the analysis of the environmental movements suggests that the impact of environmental movements in Russia may be limited in part because it has developed in contravention to existing discourses. More importantly, the context and underlying assumptions of environmental movements are not formulated in ways that are compatible with existing collective identities in Russian society.
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Galindez, Kyle R. "Defend Mother Earth! And Sign My Petition? Metaphors, Tactics, and Environmental Movement Organizations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1398698983.
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Suwonnawong, Pakatida. "Legal safeguards for environmental protection in transboundary movements of E-waste." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Juridiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-96029.
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Hood, Rachael Lucille. "“Don't frack with us!” An analysis of two anti-pipeline movements." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1594488329200428.
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Law, Rachel Hoi-chee. "Effect of existing building on tunneling-induced ground movements." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/74406.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2012.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 113-115).
The goal of this thesis is to assess the influence of an existing structure on tunneling-induced ground movements. This is accomplished through 2D numerical simulations that are compared with similar prior studies reported by Potts and Addenbrooke (1997). The current study uses the Plaxis finite element code together with the Hardening Soil (HS and HSS) family of constitutive models in order to represent the undrained shear behavior of clay. Input parameters of the HS and HSS models were calibrated for the case of London Clay and compared with results of Potts and Addenbrooke (1997) who used a non-linear elastic model (PJ model). Results have clearly indicated that the choice of soil model has an important influence on the prediction of greenfield ground settlement. The HSS model with the selected set of stiffness parameters provides a reasonable fit with the PJ model and matches closely the greenfield settlement trough expected from empirical models. Numerical analyses are carried out to evaluate the effects of the self-weight, and equivalent elastic bending and axial stiffness of a surface building on tunneling-induced ground movements. For the case of a weightless building, design modification factors for bending and axial stiffness are consistent with results promulgated in Potts and Addenbrooke (1997). For the self-weight scenario, the current analyses indicated that neglecting this factor in the analyses can result in nonconservative estimate of modification factors for deflection ratio and horizontal strain. It is therefore suggested that the effect of building weight cannot be neglected when the boundary effect of building stiffness on the ground is used as a tool to reduce the estimated values of greenfield settlement trough or deflection ratio and horizontal strain of existing buildings in a building damage assessment.
by Rachel Hoi-chee Law.
M.Eng.
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Brettell, Anna M. "The politics of public participation and the emergence of environmental proto-movements in China." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/70.
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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2003.Thesis research directed by: Government and Politics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Baykan, Baris Gencer. "Multilayered framing process in environmental movements: the anti-GM mobilization in Turkey." Thesis, University of Kent, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.594402.
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In Turkey, national and local environmental organizations and organizations of organic farmers and consumers came together in order to create the "No to GMOs Platform" in March 2004 and signed a declaration entitled "Life cannot be patented" which publicly states that GMOs are a threat to ecological life on earth. Besides organizing a wide range of actions "No to GMOs Platform" - which had reached 90 organizations in a short span of time from all over the country-, welcomed the Monster Tomato Tour in October 2004. The one-month tour vi sited 15 cities in West, South, East, North and Central Turkey to raise awareness about the risks of genetically modified (GM) food and crops. The research aims to identify how and why core fram ing tasks; diagnostic, prognostic and motivational framing relate to local, national and global within the anti-GM mobi lization in Turkey around the Monster Tomato Tour organized in cooperation with the Friends of the Earth's Bite-Back campaign. The findings are interpreted with a multilayered framing perspective through which anti-GM activists define the issue problematic, redress solutions and point out rationales for citizens to join the mobilization.
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Ford, Lucy Helen. "Global enclosures : a critical analysis of environmental governance, trade and social movements." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.340856.
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Pickvance, Katy. "Environmental movements in Eastern Europe : a comparative study of Hungary and Russia." Thesis, University of Kent, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318110.
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Roosth, Joshua. "UNIVERSITY LEADERSHIP IN SUSTAINABILITY AND CAMPUS-BASED ENVIRONMENTAL ACTIVISM." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3963.
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This thesis examines the development of environmental sustainability on 194 of the wealthiest colleges and universities in the United States and Canada. Campus-based environmental organization membership data, organizational profiles, participant observation, and sustainability grades (from the Sustainable Endowment Institutes College Sustainability Report Cards 2009) are used to examine the relationship between campus-based environmental organizations and sustainability of higher educational institutions. Linear regression is used to analyze the overall university sustainability grades as an outcome variable. Overall university sustainability grades are impacted by campus-based environmental activism social movement organizations, high endowment per student, the age of the university, and the presence of state renewable portfolio standards. My findings suggest that the Sustainable Endowment Institute s College Sustainability Report Card might be improved by including indicators of greenhouse gas reports and interdisciplinary courses on sustainability.M.A.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Applied Sociology MA
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Rodrigues, Tiago Eder Gracia. "Environmental Citizenship - An Inquiry into the Engagement of Citizens in Responsible Environmental Behaviour." Thesis, Griffith University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367121.
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One of the principles of sustainability is developing initiatives that are effective in engaging citizens in environmental behaviour. This research provides insights into the adoption of responsible environmental behaviour as a means for promoting engaged environmental citizenship. It examines some of the principles underpinning responsible environmental behaviour and its relation to the concept of environmentally responsible citizenship, in accordance with the Tbilisi Declaration objectives. In this thesis, I consider the relationship of environmental citizenship rights with political and social citizenship rights and discuss it in light of T.H. Marshall’s citizenship model. I argue that the societal nature of social citizenship rights and their evolving character, arguably evolving into environmental citizenship rights, is a crucial element. The research presents an analysis of factors determining the adoption of environmental behaviour and how these are linked to dimensions of social dynamics. It investigates factors influencing social diffusion and the relevance of this approach in promoting responsible environmental behaviour throughout society. I adopt the agenda-setting model developed by Dearing and Rogers to further the understanding of why certain issues are addressed by society and not others, how public opinion is shaped, as well as how policy actions towards mitigation of problems are motivated. I argue that environmental problems become social problems as the result of a process of collective definition, not as the product of its objective malignancy affecting society. This process of collective definition of a problem is responsible not only for the emergence of an environmental problem, but also for influencing behaviour towards it. By integrating the responsible environmental behaviour model developed by Hines, Hungerford and Tomera with the agenda-setting model, I explore the role the media play in promoting environmental citizenship. Through a
discourse analysis of articles related to environmental issues in the Brazilian press, I explore how media in that context usually frames those issues. I also investigate the role the school system plays in raising awareness about, and engaging citizens in, responsible environmental behaviour and how this process has been advanced in Brazil. In addition,
the development and activities of a youth environmental movement is analysed. By using
a case study approach, I explore the dynamics influencing the uptake of environmental
behaviour and the relationship of such practices to the promotion of environmental
citizenship. Overall, the multidisciplinary approach adopted in this research indicates that
the consolidation of engaged environmental citizenship in Brazil requires the reorientation of public policy actions with the reformulation of the media and educational environments.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities
Arts, Education and Law
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Gustafson, Johann A. "Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) of southeast Queensland: habitat and movements." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/397639.
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Hammerhead sharks (Sphyrnidae) are iconic and charismatic species that have received little attention until more recently, resulting in knowledge gaps about life histories, habitats, behaviours and migratory drivers, mostly in the southern hemisphere such as Australian waters. Globally, shark populations are declining as many species extinction risk has increased under the threat of fishing and habitat degradation. Hammerhead shark (Sphyrnidae) populations are highly susceptible to human-induced pressure such as long lines and are currently undergoing severe declines, especially in Australia. Recently, hammerhead sharks have been added to the International Union for Conservation of Nature’s (IUCN) Red List of Threatened Species, with scalloped hammerhead listed as critically endangered. Therefore, further information is needed to address the current shortfalls regarding hammerheads in Australia, for the management and conservation of these species.
Earlier research using catch data from the Queensland Shark Control Program (QSCP) showed a decline in numbers of caught hammerhead sharks since the start of the program in 1960. A review of the literature (CHAPTER 1) revealed that hammerhead sharks were understudied in Australia, with information shortfalls on movement, resource use, nursery areas and habitat use. The general aim of this thesis was to provide a better understanding of the movement, distribution, habitat use and resource use of scalloped hammerhead shark (Sphyrna lewini) in Queensland, Australia to improve conservation and management strategies. I used multiple methodologies to determine (i) the distribution of suitable habitat for juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks and the percentage of overlap with marine protected areas (CHAPTER 2); (ii) fine-scale movement of juvenile scalloped hammerheads within these habitats and determine behavioural states using high-resolution acoustic tracking (CHAPTER 3); (iii) thermal tolerance range “thermal niche” of hammerhead shark using historical catch records from the QSCP (CHAPTER 4); and (iv) resource overlap between hammerhead sharks species and with other co-existing large sharks using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes (CHAPTER 5). This allowed me to build a solid baseline framework of the ecology of scalloped hammerhead sharks in Queensland.
The species distribution model identified 10,082.87 km2 of suitable habitat characterised by low current velocities (< 0.5 m-s), warm sea surface temperatures (> 20°C), estuarine/oceanic salinities (25-35 PSU) and shallow bathymetries (< 20 m). Suitable habitats occurred in coastal areas within wetland and seagrass habitats. Highly suitable areas accounted for 1,784.33 km2 of the total distribution and
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occurred around highly developed areas, such as Moreton Bay, Hervey Bay, Townsville and Cairns. Coastal beach areas of the Gold Coast were also uncovered as highly suitable habitats and may be due to close proximity of the Gold Coast seaway and Tweed River connections to more sheltered estuarine habitats. The majority of the predicted suitable distribution occurred within the lower protection multi-use zones (6,291.20 km2) and outside marine protected areas (3,791.67 km2); where no-take zones protected only 11 % and 8.56 % of high and medium modelled suitable habitats. Within these habitats, continuous tracking of two juvenile scalloped hammerhead sharks uncovered highly active diving behaviours where both sharks continuously dove from water surface to the bay floor over 12- and 3-hour tracks. Two diving patterns were observed in both sharks and described as A-type: one long dive with multiple small dives at depth, and B-type dives: one long dive without extra dives at depth. The two-state behavioural model uncovered low activity (forage) and high activity (direction) states, which were influenced by distance to seagrass and coral habitats as well as habitat depth.
Quantile regression modelling determined catches of hammerhead sharks in relation to changes in seas surface temperatures changed with latitude along the Queensland coast. Scalloped hammerhead catches in the southern areas were most likely to occur between 20℃ - 25℃ and likely to occur throughout the year in the northern areas, as sea surface temperatures remained above 22℃. Co-existing bull (Carcharias leucas) and tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier) sharks also occurred throughout this thermal range while white shark (Carcharodon carcharias) only occurred below 23℃. Stable isotope analysis revealed scalloped and great hammerhead sharks overlapped 69% in isotopic space and with several large shark species. Both hammerhead species undertook a seasonal dietary shift, and scalloped hammerheads showed a wider δ13C and lower δ15N than the more specialised great hammerhead. Tiger sharks feed at a lower trophic level overlapping mostly with both hammerhead sharks. White and bull sharks competed with hammerhead sharks at higher δ15N.
Overall, results from my research make original contributions to the knowledge of hammerhead sharks by identifying previously unreported distributions of suitable juvenile habitats of the scalloped hammerhead, which occurred in developed areas and within multi-use protection zones. Additionally, the research described previously unreported diving patterns and state-switching of juvenile hammerhead sharks within highly developed areas, highlighting the importance of wetland and estuarine habitats for shark conservation. Furthermore, the research showed high overlap in resource use between two endangered hammerhead species with several large predatory shark species. In iii summary, this thesis highlights the relevance of movement and habitat use information in the conservation and management of endangered iconic shark speciesThesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Eng & Built Env
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Queiroz, Rosane Morais FalcÃo. "The environment Pirambu neighborhood from the perspective of its social movements." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2010. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=14193.
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Deutscher Akademischer Austausch DienstObserva-se, ao longo da histÃria, que os movimentos sociais foram sujeitos ativos no processo de construÃÃo da proteÃÃo do meio ambiente, contribuindo para que formas de controle da degradaÃÃo ambiental fossem efetivadas atravÃs de diversos tipos de normas e/ou eventos. Eles sÃo protagonistas em aÃÃes que conscientizam/sensibilizam a populaÃÃo para a necessidade de proteger o meio ambiente. Esse meio ambiente tomou uma dimensÃo grandiosa, contemplando diversos fatores e atores, estabelecidos, principalmente, atravÃs da âAgenda 21â. Ele tornou-se um direito humano e fundamental. Diante disso e considerando que a necessidade de informaÃÃo sobre o que acontece no meio ambiente em que os movimentos sociais atuam à de extrema importÃncia para que estes continuem a sua prÃpria histÃria, a de reivindicaÃÃo por aqueles direitos, objetivou-se analisar qual o conhecimento/informaÃÃo que os 39 movimentos sociais possuem acerca do meio ambiente do bairro no qual atuam (Pirambu-Fortaleza/CE). Para isso, alÃm do uso de dados secundÃrios sobre o bairro, visitas e anÃlise da paisagem, aplicou-se um questionÃrio com perguntas abertas e fechadas com as respectivas lideranÃas dos movimentos sociais. Esse questionÃrio teve por base os assuntos tratados pelo tema âCidades SustentÃveisâ da âAgenda 21 Brasileiraâ, que aborda Ãreas urbanas, sendo condizente com o local investigado pela pesquisa. Foi constatado que, em muitos aspectos, o conhecimento que os movimentos sociais possuem acerca do que ocorre no meio ambiente do bairro Pirambu à insuficiente e que os seus entendimentos sobre o que à meio ambiente ainda estÃo aquÃm do estabelecido e pensado pela âAgenda 21â. PorÃm, verificou-se, tambÃm, a existÃncia de um sentimento de estima que os lÃderes dos movimentos possuem pelo bairro. Os movimentos sociais precisam obter maiores informaÃÃes acerca das questÃes ambientais do Pirambu para que possam exercer com maior propriedade nas tomadas de decisÃes dos planejamentos de polÃticas pÃblicas, nos quais podem e devem estar participando.
It is observed, with the curse of history, that the social movements were an active subject in the process of construction of the protection of the environment, contributing so that forms of control of environmental degradation were executed through several types of norms and/or events. They are protagonists in actions that become aware or they touch the population for the need to protect the environment. That environment took a grandiose dimension, contemplating several factors and actors, established, mainly, through the "Agenda 21". It became a human and fundamental right. Before that and considering that the need of information on what happens in the environment in that the social movements act end of extreme importance for these to continue its own history, the one of claim for those rights, was aimed at to analyze which the knowledge or information that the 39 social movements posses concerning the environment of the neighborhood in wish act (Pirambu-Fortaleza/CE ). For that, haul of the use of secondary data on the neighborhood, visits and analyze of the landscape, a questionnaire was applied with open and closed questions with the respective leaderships of the social movements. That questionnaire had for base the subjects treated by the theme "maintainable cities" of the brazilian "Agenda 21", that approaches urban areas being suitable with the place investigated by the research. It was verified that, in many aspects, the knowledge that the social movements posses concerning what it happens in the environment of the Pirambu neighborhood is insufficient and that their understandings on what means environment is still on this side of the established and thought by the "Agenda 21". They put, it was verified, also, the existence of a feeling of steam that the leaders of the movements posses for the neighborhood. The social movements need to obtain larger information concerning that environmental subjects of Pirambu so that they can exercise with larger property in the sockets of decisions of the plannings of publish of politicize wish they can and should be participating.
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Cinalli, Manlio. "Social movements, networks and national cleavages in Northern Ireland : a case study of the Civil Rights Movement and Environmental Protest." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.396075.
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Hensley, Colton Dwayne. "Maximal Proposition, Environmental Melodrama, and the Rhetoric of Local Movements: A Study of The Anti-Fracking Movement in Denton, Texas." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2017. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1062840/.
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The environmental problems associated with the boom in hydraulic fracturing or "fracking," such as anthropogenic earthquakes and groundwater contamination, have motivated some citizens living in affected areas such as Denton, Texas to form movements with the goal of imposing greater regulation on the industry. As responses to an environmental threat that is localized and yet mobile, these anti-fracking movements must construct rhetorical appeals with complicated relationships to place. In this thesis, I examine the anti-fracking movement in Denton, Texas in a series of three rhetorical analyses. In the first, I compared fracking bans used by Frack Free Denton and State College, Pennsylvania to distinguish the argumentative claims that are dependent on the politics of place, and affect strategies localities must use in resisting natural gas extraction. In the second, I compare campaign strategies that use local identity as a way of invoking legitimacy, which reinforces narrative frameworks of environmental risk. In the third, I conduct and analyze interviews with anti-fracking leaders who described the narrative of their movement, which highlighted tensions in the rhetorical construction of a movement as local. Altogether, this thesis traces the rhetorical conception of place across the rhetoric of the anti-fracking movement in Denton, Texas, while seeking to demonstrate the value of combining rhetorical criticism with rhetorical field methods.
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Camargo, Palomino Ana Maria. "Exploring Environmental Justice Issues in Latino communities in the Treasure Valley in Idaho." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90284.
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This thesis explores environmental justice issues in Latino communities in the Treasure Valley in Idaho. Given the little work focused on environmental justice issues of Latino communities, specifically in the Treasure Valley in Idaho. This thesis aims to, firstly determine whether environmental justice issues of Latino communities are relevant to environmental and social organizations in the Treasure Valley. As part of this, I also aim to unpack why environmental issues in Latino communities are or are not relevant to local social and environmental organizations. I suspected this may be connected to the complex immigration status of Latino groups, however, I discovered that the lack of funding and research, and community awareness challenged these organizations to attend to environmental justice issues. Second, this thesis aims to bring visibility to the Latino community that is often neglected in policy and research regarding environmental justice, which has mostly focused on African-American communities. Finally, a third and related aim is to contribute to the development of a wider vision of environmental justice issues of minority groups by expanding this framework to Hispanic-Latino communities in the Treasure Valley, Idaho.Master of Arts
Disproportionate exposure to toxic waste, proximity to highways and industry facilities, and lack of access to clean water and food, are some of the environmental justice issues that minority groups in the United States daily face daily. The term environmental justice has evolved with different approaches and lines of thought that built on of vulnerable communities’ mobilizations for social justice issues present in vulnerable communities. This study explores to what extent environmental justice issues in Latino communities are relevant to environmental and social organizations in the Treasure Valley in Idaho. Building on the existing literature on environmental justice and based on semi-structured interviews, this study finds that environmental justice issues are relevant to these organizations, but that social injustices, -a lack of political attention to this issue and a related absence of strategic funding and research hinder these organizations’ ability to address environmental justice issues.
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Plows, Alexandra Jane. "Praxis and practice : the 'what, how and why' of the UK environmental direct action movement in the 1990s." Thesis, Bangor University, 2002. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/praxis-and-practice--the-what-how-and-why-of-the-uk-environmental-direct-action-movement-in-the-1990s(f9c7c687-f02f-42f7-b635-202a209efc3c).html.
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This thesis is an ethnographic study of UK environmental social movement mobilisations of the 1990s, detailing the movement's characteristics such as its structure as a fluid series of biodegradable networks. The thesis evidences what action was taken during this period, using primarily qualitative methodologies: semi-structured interviews and Participant Observation (PO). Evidence showing how mobilisation occurred, how activist networks are 'born' and sustained, is given, examining issues such as the diffusion of repertoires over time, and the importance of social networks. The "why" of mobilisation was documented, detailing activists' rationales for action given in interviews and a variety of other media such as email groups and in PO settings. The thesis approached the data from a 'grounded theory' perspective, meaning that appropriate theoretical directions developed during the research process. There were however initial aims: to investigate whether the EDA movement had a 'collective identity' (Melucci 1996), and hypotheses: that activists had complex rationales for taking action, and that there was a symbiosis between the taking of action, the development of movement praxis and collective identity, and the process of further mobilisation. These aims and hypotheses were realised by the research work. Despite many complexities outlined in the research, generally the EDA movement has a collective identity. This is based on a shared commitment to direct action, grassroots democracy, and a radical discourse, which challenges the codes and perceived abuses of power inherent in the dominant paradigm. Social justice, human rights, and environmental sustainability are equally important to EDA activists and seen as interrelated. Through charting the process of action in the 1990's, the thesis locates the 'anti globalisation' mobilisations at the turn of the millennium as evidence of EDA movement capacity building over a decade. The thesis aims to have contributed to Social Movement theory through this ethnographic approach.
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Osuteye, Emmanuel Nii Noi. "Environmentalism in Ghana : the rise of environmental consciousness and movements for nature protection." Thesis, University of Kent, 2015. https://kar.kent.ac.uk/47995/.
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The modern wave of environmentalism that swept most of the Western world since the 1960s, has generated considerable academic interest and has been widely documented. However there are apparent gaps in the knowledge, understanding and academic coverage of the phenomenon in the developing world, particularly in Africa. This thesis is an empirical exploration into the nature of environmentalism in Ghana, West Africa dwelling on the phenomena of environmental consciousness and movement activity. It identifies the presence of a small yet viable indigenous environmental movement. The movement is most visible through the partnering and collective networking activities of small, institutionalized local organizations that came together to form coalitions, share resources and work together on broad thematic issues that were of common concern.
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Founta, Vasiliki. "Prediction of instability and ground movements during tunnel construction in non-homogenous conditions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/115790.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 239-253).
Advances in tunneling technology, notably in the widespread use of closed-face tunneling boring machines, have reduced risks and greatly increased the productivity of underground construction projects. For shallow tunnels in 'soft ground', instabilities can create collapse mechanisms that propagate to the ground surface, while the prediction and control of tunnel-induced ground deformations remain a key challenge. These problems are especially significant for 'mixed face' conditions, where the tunnel boring machine encounters soils of contrasting mechanical and/or hydraulic properties. This thesis uses finite element simulations to investigate the control of face stability and ground deformations for shallow tunnels in soft ground. The primary control parameters of interest are the face pressures imposed by earth pressure balance (EPB) or slurry shield machines, and the grouting pressures used to control deformations around the tail void at the rear of the tunnel shield. Stability is evaluated by methods of (c-phi) strength reduction, for a range of ground conditions including i) undrained failure in low permeability clays with continuous and discontinuous (mixed face) strength profiles; and ii) drained shearing in high permeability sands above and below the water table, where the closed-face conditions at the tunnel face provide an impermeable membrane. The numerical results are synthesized into a series of generalized design charts for immediate application. Numerical simulations using 3D finite element models are also used to investigate the factors influencing ground movements for closed-face tunneling operations using a relatively simple elastic-perfectly plastic model of soil behavior. These analyses show that maximum surface deformations above the tunnel can be estimated by simple addition of constituent sources associated with the face pressure, shield shape (conicity), machine weight (buoyancy) and grouting pressure. The research proposes a simplified method for predicting the surface settlements based on analytical parameterization of the numerical results, enabling direct design of parameters for controlling ground deformations associated with tunneling for mixed-face conditions in clays. The proposed methodology for predicting ground settlement has been evaluated using data from three well-documented case studies: 1) Crossrail C300 beneath Hyde Park in London, where tunnels were bored through units of stiff clay; 2) Downtown Line DTL3 (C933) in Singapore where tunnels traversed an interface between stiff Old Alluvium and overlying soft marine clays; and 3) northern sections of the MTRA Blue Line in Bangkok, where tunnels were built below the interface between soft and stiff clays. The comparisons between computed and measured data from these projects show that the proposed generic design method achieves comparable agreement to site specific numerical simulations and empirical methods such as ANN. Further studies are now needed to extend the model for mixed face conditions with contrasting permeability.
by Vasiliki Founta.
Ph. D.
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Wu, Tung-Chieh Jansen 1966. "Intergenerational and intragenerational equity and transboundary movements of radioactive wastes." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29566.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore the distributional side of environmental risks and burdens and, more particularly, to explain the significance of including intergenerational and intragenerational equity concerns within the fashioning of a legal regime governing the transboundary movement of radioactive waste. The thesis focuses on fairness and equity considerations between generations (intergenerational equity) and within contemporary generations (intragenerational equity) in the context of transboundary movements of radioactive wastes. First, a detailed exploration of the emergence of intergenerational and intragenerational equity principles is conducted. Then, the implementing principles of intergenerational and intragenerational equity with regard to environmental risk and burden distribution are put forward. Further, sensitive to the equity dimensions of the transboundary movement of radioactive waste, the thesis explains transboundary movement within a broader political and economic framework, and illustrates the potential transboundary and transgenerational externalities arising from transboundary movement. Management strategies available to help prevent or reduce transboundary and transgenerational externalities are examined. In addition, the evolution of the legal regime governing transboundary movements is reviewed and proposals for reform of the current regime are presented. Finally, the thesis concludes with concrete observations and recommendations. Through the lens of intergenerational and intragenerational equity, the thesis evaluates the fairness of environmental risk and burden distribution, spatially and intertemporally, in the context of transboundary movements of radioactive wastes.
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Frederico, Krista Marie. "Open (Adoption) for Business: Opposing Movements and Environmental Opportunity Structures in the Adoption Organizational Field, 1972-2000." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3243.
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Recent directions in organizational studies have demonstrated progressive social movements' ability to generate rewarding enterprises or environmental opportunity structures (EOS) in receptive markets. However, more nuanced opposing movements (Meyer and Staggenborg 1996), such as the pro-choice and pro-life movements, receive far less attention, leaving scholars to postulate that there is much yet to know about the impact of movements other than those with strict progressive orientations (Zald, Morrill, and Rao 2005). To better understand how opposing movements contribute to environmental opportunity structures, this thesis examines dramatic growth in the number of adoption agencies advertising services in the Yellow Pages during the last quarter of the twentieth century. Some suggest the growth may be due to changing attitudes and laws regulating interracial adoption, the growing acceptance of international adoption as a family formation strategy, and the success of the adoptee rights movement. However, I argue that at least some of this growth is related to changes in abortion laws associated with the Roe v. Wade Supreme Court decision and associated pro-choice and pro-life opposing movements that dominated public debate during the same period. Applying cultural entrepreneurship and competitive framing, I demonstrate that pro-choice language is adopted by adoption agencies that compete with abortion clinics as they offer services to birth mothers. Opposing movement features are evident in organization growth patterns, the services offered, and the slogans used. Dissecting the adoption services field into generalist and specialist organizational forms, I find that specialists experienced precipitous growth and were more likely to make use of certain "choice" frames, co-opted from the pro-choice movement and redirected to support pro-life ideologies. Further, I find that "open adoption" services, championed by the adoptee advocacy community for their identity-affirming and sustained relationship-allowing practices, are most often marketed by the adoption provider as a choice-granting process, giving adoption providers further opportunity to mirror the pro-choice movement's choice-centric practices. Because adoption agencies' growth, slogans, and services are largely bound up in tactics specific to the pro-choice and pro-life opposing movement dynamics, I conclude that opposing movements can indeed contribute to environmental opportunity structures for market growth.
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Schaeffer, Ortúzar Colombina. "Patagonia Sin Represas: How an Environmental Campaign Transformed Power Landscapes in Chile." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13728.
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After a long period of silence, thousands of Chileans took to the streets in 2011 to protest against the approval of HidroAysen, a hydroelectric dam complex proposed for Chilean Patagonia. Such a citizen movement had not taken place since mobilisations in the 1980s against General Pinochet’s dictatorship. This dissertation follows the controversy surrounding these dams, focusing on the role of Patagonia Sin Represas (Patagonia Without Dams, PWD), a campaign organised to oppose HidroAysen. The controversy over the damming of Chilean Patagonia has allowed for the enrichment of Chilean politics; PWD has turned these dams into matters of concern, linking them with questions of democracy, decentralisation, and self-determination. In the process, other issues have been opened up for debate, such as Patagonia, energy, and the huemul (Patagonian deer). These issues have shaped and have been shaped by PWD in specific ways through a process of political intensification and research escalation. The dissertation shows how PWD brought together various organisations and locations in a way not seen before in an environmental movement in Chile, exploring the discourses and practices that have allowed for the building of a powerful assemblage of people, organisations, and things not restricted to a specific location (multi-scalar), and that despite its heterogeneity has been able to maintain coherence and effectiveness over time and space. Key to the endeavour has been Patagonia and what it means as a place and territory, as well as for the community life project known as “Aysen Life Reserve”. Patagonia has had the power to attract and enchant people in Chile and abroad. It needed humans to become such a territory, at the same time than humans needed Patagonia to produce PWD and sustain a community life project.
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Fletcher, Timothy James. "Outsiders or insiders? : the role of the individual in the development of environmental movements." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.497932.
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This thesis examines the causes and consequences of the growth in environmental concern in Britain between 1972 and 2000. During this period, environmental groups influenced the development of policies to protect the environment. With combined memberships running into the millions, they also became a highly significant sector of civil society.
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Anderson, Christopher Van. "Environmental Effects on the Biomechanics and Motor Physiology of Elastically Powered Movements in Chameleons." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4431.
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Environmental temperature exhibits profound effects on the activity and ecology of ectotherms through its impact on muscle contractile physiology. While the performance of locomotor behaviors powered by muscle contraction directly decreases by at least 33% over a 10°C drop in body temperature, chameleons are known to feed, presumably with high performance, at body temperatures where sympatric lizard species remain inactive. I propose that ballistic movements that are powered by the recoil of preloaded elastic and collagenous tissues are less thermally dependent than movements that rely on direct muscular power. Despite the reduced thermal sensitivity of the elastic-recoil powered movement, I propose that the muscles associated with preloading these elastic tissues are themselves thermally sensitive and at low temperature, will take longer to load the elastic tissues. Finally, I expect that because of the different effect of temperature on elastic-recoil-powered and muscle-powered movements, performance declines for elastic-recoil-powered tongue projection at low temperature will not vary between species along an environmental temperature gradient (i.e., thermal effects will be the same for all species). Conversely, performance declines for muscle powered tongue retraction at low temperature will be lower in species from colder environments along an environmental temperature gradient. To test these predictions, I used high-speed videography, electromyography and in vitro muscle contractile experiment techniques in conjunction with temperature manipulations to test the mechanistic principles in Chamaeleo calyptratus. I then used high-speed videography at different temperatures in three Bradypodion species from different habitats in South Africa to compare thermal effects on elastic-recoil and muscle-powered movements in different species. I found that the elastic-recoil mechanism of tongue projection in chameleons circumvents the constraints that low temperature imposes on muscle rate properties, thereby reducing the thermal dependence of tongue projection. In all species examined, tongue projection was relatively thermally robust, maintaining a high degree of maximal performance at temperatures as low as 15°C. In contrast, the associated muscle-powered tongue retraction was strongly effected by temperature and experienced substantial performance declines over the same temperature range. While tongue projection performance was itself thermally robust, muscle contractile dynamics of the tongue projector muscle, which preloads the elastic elements responsible for powering projection, was strongly affected by temperature. Similarly, at cooler temperatures the tongue projector muscle became active earlier relative to the onset of tongue projection, due to the reduced rate of tension buildup and the resulting increase in time required to load the elastic elements of the tongue with the required force to subsequently power tongue projection. Further, the effect of temperature on both tongue projection performance and tongue retraction performance was found to vary between species living in different thermal environments. This suggests that despite differences in how temperature affects the performance of these different movement types, both elastic-recoil-powered movements and muscle-powered movements may experience selective pressure to optimize their performance to their environments. Based on these findings, I suggest that the relative thermal independence of tongue projection in chameleons is a more general characteristic of elastic-recoil-powered mechanisms and organisms that use elastic recoil mechanisms for ecologically important movements, such as feeding and locomotion, may benefit from an expanded thermal niche. Further, given the prevalence of elastic power-amplification mechanisms in ectotherms, the benefit of reduced thermal sensitivity may promote the evolution of these mechanisms in other ectothermic animals. Finally, I propose that temperature manipulations may be a useful methodological approach to testing for the presence or prevalence of elastic recoil in powering other biomechanical systems. While these studies examined thermal effects on ballistic tongue projection and tongue retraction in chameleons at difference mechanistic levels and within the framework of how these thermal relationships may be affected by their local environment, many of the results apply more broadly to similar systems in other ectotherms. Comparison of these findings to similar elastically powered systems may help solidify the generality of these findings among other taxa.
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Luna, Alfredo. "Implications of social movements in the present global environmental dynamics: the case of the United States." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Centro de Investigación en Geografía Aplicada, 2013. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/119683.
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Social movements are mobilization groups of stakeholders who seek to change the status quo, given the unfavorable conditions regarding their demands, rights, warrants, etc. As a fundamental effect of the change, social movements become leading actors of institutional change. One of these effects is given in the environmental issues, in the use, control, legislation and appreciation of nature. The insurgent policies developed by these movements are, in the current context of globalization and development of information technology and communication, the center of analysis in this paper, focusing on the U.S. environmental movement. We, therefore, believe that insurgent policies determine the beginning of institutional change.Los movimientos sociales son grupos movilizados de actores sociales que buscan cambiar el status quo dadas las condiciones no favorables en relación con sus demandas, derechos, garantías,etc. Como efecto fundamental de dicho cambio, los movimientos sociales se constituyen como actores protagónicos del cambio institucional. Uno de estos efectos se da en el tema ambiental, en el uso, control, legislación y valoración de la naturaleza. Las políticas insurgentes que desarrollan dichos movimientos serán, en el actual contexto de la globalización y desarrollo de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación, el centro de análisis de este documento, enfocándose en el movimiento ecologista de Estados Unidos. Por tanto, creemos que las políticas insurgentes determinan el inicio del cambio institucional.
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Platt, Daniel. ""A Strangely Organic Vision": Postmodernism, Environmental Justice, and the New Urbanist Novel." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/18750.
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My dissertation examines critical engagements with the "new urbanist" movement in late 20th and early 21st century U.S. novels, including Karen Tei Yamashita's Tropic of Orange, Helena María Viramontes's Their Dogs Came with Them, and Colson Whitehead's Zone One. I argue that these novels reflect new urbanism's valorization of neighborhoods that are walkable, green, and diverse, even as they critique the movement's inattention to environmental injustice and the long history of urban rights movements. Moreover, I argue that contemporary fiction's engagement with new urbanism has driven formal and stylistic innovation in the novel. The "new urbanist novel," I argue, blends elements of the postmodern literary mode, such as metafiction and narrative fragmentation, with elements that are arguably anti-postmodern, such as representations of stable collective identity and utopian visions of organic urban community.
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Vess, Lora Elizabeth 1972. "The Politics of PVC." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/6195.
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xv, 277 p. A print copy of this title is available from the UO Libraries, under the call number: SCIENCE TP1180.V48 V46 2007This dissertation examines the political, scientific, social, environmental, and health debates surrounding the use of polyvinyl chloride (commonly called vinyl), a plastic many public health advocates and activists contend has a toxic lifecycle with deleterious human and ecological impacts at every stage. Using extensive documentary research and in-depth interviews, I answer a basic question: how and why have major stakeholders politicized PVC in recent decades? I find the strength of the anti-PVC movement lies largely in its broad based constituency: it includes professionals within the health care and green building industries, as well as labor unions and environmental health advocates. However, I raise critical questions about the movement's strategy of situating itself as a market-based movement where limited analysis is given to the greater environmental and health impacts of the health care and building industries as a whole.
Adviser: Gregory McLauchlan
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Swanson, Kevin Allen. "Movements, Survival, and Habitat Relationships of Snowshoe Hares Following Release in Northeast Ohio." The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1364225059.
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Boling, James Keith 1949. "EARTH-FISSURE MOVEMENTS IN SOUTH-CENTRAL ARIZONA, U.S.A. (UNITED STATES)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291497.
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Ground-water pumping has led to subsidence and many earth fissures in unconsolidated alluvial basins in Arizona. Earth fissures result from tensile failure; however, mechanisms producing the tensile forces are not well understood. Horizontal displacement measurements (opening and closing) of seven earth fissures were made semi-monthly during 1976 to 1982 in the lower Santa Cruz Basin and Avra Valley. Permanent and temporary short-base extensometers with a resolution of ±2.54 μm were developed and perfected which use dial gauges and transducers. Among different fissure movements, the greatest total was 41.44 mm, the greatest single opening was 31 mm, and exclusive of that, the greatest net opening was 16.54 mm. Fissures opened and closed repeatedly, exhibiting smooth movements over long periods of time, punctuated by sudden jumps. Generally, old and new earth fissures exhibited similar behavior. Earth fissures tend to close after long, dry periods and to open after heavy rainfalls. The earth fissure with the greatest movement was closest to the area of the greatest subsidence.
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Crumpton, Amy Cara. "Toward a Democratic Science? Environmental Justice Activists, Multiple Epidemiologies, and Toxic Waste Controversies." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/39336.
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Environmental justice activists defined an environmental justice, or community-led, research practice as an alternative conception of science to guide epidemiological investigations of the human health effects of hazardous wastes. Activists inserted their position into an ongoing scientific controversy where multiple epidemiologies existed--environmental, dumpsite, and popular--reflecting various understandings and interests of federal and academic epidemiologists, state public health officials, and anti-toxics activists. A 1991 national symposium on health research needs and the National Environmental Justice Advisory Council, established in 1993 to advise the Environmental Protection Agency, provided important locations through which activists advocated an environmental justice research approach and pressed for its adoption by relevant governmental public health institutions. The shaping of environmental justice research by activists raises intriguing issues about the role of science and expertise in political protest and the importance of democratic participation in the making of environmental policy.Ph. D.
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MAZUR, FELIPE PIRES DO RIO. "MAPPING OF SUSCEPTIBILITY TO MASS MOVEMENTS THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL SIGNATURES IN TIJUCA MASSIF, RIO DE JANEIRO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2013. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=34874@1.
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A cidade do Rio de Janeiro, assim como outras localidades de relevo montanhoso e clima tropical, sofre, seguidamente, com os problemas causados por movimentos de massa em suas encostas. No verão, a cada temporada de chuvas, novos deslizamentos são contabilizados, acarretando diversos problemas de ordem social e ambiental. O Maciço da Tijuca não foge a esta realidade: localizado em área central do município, suas encostas vem sofrendo com antropizações desde a fundação da cidade. Em uma metrópole que não para de crescer, as encostas deste maciço estão sempre sob pressões da especulação imobiliária. O objetivo principal do estudo foi a realização de um mapeamento da susceptibilidade a movimentos de massa na região do maciço com a utilização de assinaturas ambientais. Para isso foram necessários o levantamento bibliográfico e a obtenção de dados, com sua espacialização, contribuindo, assim, para dos objetivos secundários como a caracterização de determinados componentes socioambientais da área de estudo, além da comparação deste mapeamento com o realizado pela prefeitura do Rio de Janeiro e de sua legislação vigente. A Metodologia se baseou no uso do conceito de assinaturas ambientais, através das cicatrizes dos deslizamentos mapeadas após as fortes precipitações de abril de 2010 cidade do Rio de Janeiro através de técnicas de Sensoriamento Remoto e Sistema de Informações Geográficas, além da busca na literatura acerca dos condicionantes utilizados no estudo. Como resultado, foi desenvolvido um mapeamento da susceptibilidade a movimentos de massa considerado satisfatório. Este se mostrou mais detalhado do que o publicado pela a GEORIO: uma menor quantidade de áreas mapeadas como alto risco e com uma precisão maior. Há, porém, a necessidade de estudos posteriores para melhor entender a aplicabilidade da metodologia.This work has as main objective to further knowledge about some environmental relations in the field of urban slopes and submit proposals for modeling susceptibility to landslides so common in the city of Rio de Janeiro. Following a thought, this dissertation will have as secondary objectives, the production of various intermediate products, layers of environmental data will be used to assist the preparation of the final product and comparative analysis of other models and local laws. Urban areas are environments where human occupation and concentration become intense and, most often, cluttered, become sensitive to gradual local anthropogenic changes, as they are intensified in frequency and intensity. Urban slopes today are great example for environmental degradation, endangering the safety and quality of life of its population, constituting a stage of ecological conflicts. The fast and unplanned growth that has occurred in many cities in developing countries is largely responsible for environmental changes, mischaracterize often original environment. As these changes are made, a number of geomorphic responses, typical of large cities such as landslides and floods, which occur frequently, and often, being not high rainfall totals required for these processes occur (Guerra, 2006). Mankind has been undergoing a process of urbanization, the Brazilian urban population in 2010 comprised approximately 84 percent of total population.
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Carpenter-Bundhoo, Luke P. "Quantifying multi-scaled movements of Australian riverine fish to inform environmental flow management and conservation." Thesis, Griffith University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/392886.
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Variation in river flow is a strong behavioral determinant for the movement of many freshwater fish species, and it enables them to complete key aspects of their life cycle. The alteration of natural flow regimes to meet human water demands has contributed substantially to declines in water-dependent biota in many parts of the world. Consequently, environmental flows are used as a remediation tool in some regulated rivers with the intention of restoring aspects of the natural flow regime to benefit native flora and fauna. Specification of appropriate environmental flows ideally requires empirical data on flow-ecology response relationships.
This thesis aims to use bio-telemetry to evaluate the effects of variations in hydrology and other environmental and biological factors on freshwater fish movement behaviours over a range of spatio-temporal scales in eastern Australian rivers. It also aims to understand how changes in natural flow regimes have affected fish movements by comparing the movement behaviours of several species in regulated and unregulated systems. In order to supplement knowledge gained on hydroecological relationships, this thesis also aims to assess the effects of other factors, such as translocation for conservation and in-stream barriers, on fish movements.
Translocation is a widely used tool in the conservation of threatened species. The movement behaviours of translocated individuals in their new environment is a key factor that can influence translocation success (i.e. survival and reproduction). In Chapter 3, freshwater catfish (Tandanus tandanus) and Murray cod (Maccullochella peelii) movements were monitored using fine-scale acoustic telemetry over a fivemonth period in the Gwydir and Mehi Rivers, northern Murray-Darling Basin (MDB). Fine-scale movement and habitat selection were compared among translocated lacustrine and resident riverine freshwater catfish, and between species. Although freshwater catfish translocated from a reservoir had never experienced riverine environments, individuals still responded to hydrological variations in the same ways as resident riverine fish, suggesting an innate behavioural response. However, this was not the case for habitat selection, where translocated individuals preferred deep, slowflowing habitats more common in their source population’s lacustrine environment.
Despite providing considerable benefits to society, dams and weirs threaten riverine ecosystems by disrupting movements of aquatic animals and altering and fragmenting riverine habitats. Chapter 5 examined the effects of a low-head weir on fine- and broad-scale movements, habitat use, and breeding behaviour of three species of native freshwater fish over a four-month period in the Nymboida River in coastal eastern Australia. Eastern freshwater cod (Maccullochella ikei) and freshwater catfish exhibited few broad-scale movements, but Australian bass (Percalates novemaculeata) upstream of the weir were significantly more mobile than those below the weir. No individuals of any species crossed the weir during the study period and freshwater catfish nesting behaviour varied greatly above and below the weir, with those in the impounded area above the weir occupying lower quality nesting sites. Although the effects of the weir may have been further reaching for Australian bass linear movement, possibly impeding migration and routine movements of the longer ranging species.
Broad-scale movements were quantified in Chapter 4 in order to assess the movements of fish under a regulated flow regime and the behavioural response of fish to environmental flow releases. The movements of freshwater catfish and Murray cod were recorded for two years in the Gwydir and Mehi Rivers. The flow regimes of these connected distributary rivers are highly altered by regulation and extraction, but both receive environmental flows. Environmental flow releases increased the likelihood of fish movement for both species, particularly during the spawning season, or when temperatures were lowest at the beginning of the environmental watering season immediately following winter. There was also a notable difference between rivers in the effect of flow on the likelihood of movement for both species.
To quantify fish movements and their responses to environmental variation under a natural flow regime, Chapter 6 used broad-scale acoustic telemetry to track the movements of eastern freshwater cod and freshwater catfish in the unregulated Nymboida River for two years. Over this period both species exhibited limited movement, being of both short distances and low frequency. Although eastern freshwater cod movements showed little relationship with environmental variation, freshwater catfish were found to use rising limb and peak of the hydrograph to move and showed an increased likelihood of movement in the breeding season. Comparisons between freshwater catfish in the Nymboida and Gwydir Rivers, and Murray cod in the Gwydir River system and eastern freshwater cod in the Nymboida River, show that fish movement behaviours can vary within a species, or genus, among flow regimes and among rivers.
The combined findings of this thesis present new knowledge to multiple facets of riverine fish movement ecology and the management of rivers. Both fine- and broadscale studies support that the process of translocation does not influence the movement behaviours of fish, however the suitability of habitat at a release site may have implications for the success and persistence of translocated populations. The thesis also found that small instream barriers not only act as a physical and ecological barrier to large-scale breeding migrations, but also to regular small-scale movements and non-migratory breeding behaviours. Several key findings of this thesis can help to refine the environmental flow requirements of fish species in Australian rivers. The shorter and less frequent movements, and lack of pronounced relationship with flow, exhibited by fish in the unregulated Nymboida River compared to the more mobile fish in the regulated Gwydir River system, suggests that characteristics of flow regime variability and alteration are key determinants of intra- and interspecific variation in movement behaviours of fish. Fish in the regulated rivers showing increased movement during elevated river discharge and environmental flow release periods suggests that environmental flows may benefit non-migratory species by facilitating rather than cueing breeding or other movements, allowing individuals improved connectivity to, and inundation of, higher quality nesting habitats. These conclusions suggest that environmental flows targeting non-migratory species should be used to increase baseflows and connectivity, rather than using larger flow pulses, such as those aimed at stimulating movement of migratory species.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Environment and Sc
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Бурлакова, Ірина Михайлівна, Ирина Михайловна Бурлакова, Iryna Mykhailivna Burlakova, and Н. С. Валюх. "Екологічні рухи як суб'єкти екополітичного процесу." Thesis, Видавництво СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/25641.
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Malin, Stephanie Ann. "The Paradox of Uranium Development: A Polanyian Analysis of Social Movements Surrounding the Piñon Ridge Uranium Mill." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/1022.
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Renewal of nuclear energy development has been proposed as one viable solution for reducing greenhouse gas emissions and impacts of climate change. This discussion became concrete as the first uranium mill proposed since the end of the Cold War, the Piñon Ridge Uranium Mill, received state permits in January 2011 to process uranium in southwest Colorado’s Paradox Valley. Though environmental contamination from previous uranium activity caused one local community to be bulldozed to the ground, local support for renewed uranium activity emerges among local residents in communities like Nucla, Naturita, and Bedrock, Colorado. Regionally, however, a coalition of organized, oppositionbased grassroots groups fights the decision to permit the mill. Combined, these events allow social scientists a natural laboratory through which to view social repercussions of nuclear energy development.
In this dissertation, I use a Polanyian theoretical framework to analyze social, political-economic, and environmental contexts of social movements surrounding PR Mill. My overarching research problem is: How might Polanyian double movement theory be applied to and made empirically testable within the social and environmental context of uranium development? I intended this analysis to inform energy policy debates regarding renewable energy. In Chapter 1, I found various forms of social dislocation lead to two divergent social movement outcomes. Economic social dislocation led to strong mill support among most local residents, according to archival, in-depth interview, and survey data. On the other hand, residents in regional communities experienced two other types of social dislocation – another kind of economic dislocation, related to concern over boombust economies, and environmental health dislocations related to uranium exposure, creating conditions for a regional movement in opposition to PR Mill. In Chapter 2, I focus on regulations and find that two divergent social movements – a support movement locally and a countermovement against the mill regionally – emerge also as a result of strong faith in regulations, regulators, and Energy Fuels countered by marked distrust in regulations, regulators, and Energy Fuels, respectively. In Chapter 3, I advance Polanyi’s double movement theory by comparing different emergent social movements surrounding uranium, showing that historically different circumstances surrounding uranium can help create conditions for divergent social movements.
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Ieronymaki, Evangelia S. "Prediction and interpretation of ground movements due to tunneling in stiff clay and impacts on adjacent structures." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/99610.
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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2015.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 319-328).
Construction of large diameter tunnels is frequently accomplished by closed face tunnel boring machines (TBM) using a combination of face pressure and grouting around the precast lining in order to limit ground movements and potential damage to overlying structures. This thesis analyzes monitoring data from the Crossrail project involving twin tunnels construction using Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) machines in London Clay. The research focuses on the 'greenfield' response during tunnel excavation beneath Hyde Park. Far-field measurements of surface and subsurface ground movements were interpreted using 2D finite element analyses using a range of constitutive models with parameters calibrated to non-linear stress-strain properties measured in high quality laboratory tests on London Clay. The analyses optimize three input parameters corresponding to boundary deformations around the tunnel cavity, using a least squares fit to the measured ground movements. The results for the first tunnel (WB) show that even simple soil models are able to achieve good agreement with far field ground deformations, while more complex models (MIT-Si) can represent accurately movements occurring much closer to the tunnel lining and hence, provide a more reliable guide to deformation sources at the tunnel cavity. The study also shows how ground movements induced by the second (EB) tunnel were influenced by proximity to the completed WB tunnel. The results provide a comprehensive view of the ground movement pattern and a useful framework for understanding how ground response is linked to EPB control parameters that can be investigated using 3D finite element models. Comparisons with data from prior open-face shield construction of the Jubilee Line Extension (in similar ground conditions) show that there are pervasive differences in the magnitudes and cavity deformations modes associated with different methods of tunnel construction. The current analyses of soil-structure interaction consider the measured deformations of a concrete-framed structure, Avenfield House, caused by the twin Crossrail tunnels. The thesis proposes a simple elastic shear beam model of the structure and assumes that the cavity deformation parameters are uncoupled from the presence of the structure. The results demonstrate that deformations of the structure can be predicted using information from the greenfield ground response.
by Evangelia S. Ieronymaki.
Ph. D.
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De, La Torre Krista. "Social Movements and Environmental Law: A Case Study of Politically Disenfranchised Communities in Ecuador and Argentina." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2018. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1849.
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Despite their progressive on-the-books environmental legislation, Ecuador and Argentina have hosted increasing amounts of extraction projections in their borders over the last few decades. Beyond increased environmental degradation, the expansion of extraction economies in these countries has drove mass scale social movements orchestrated by disenfranchised peoples. This thesis investigates the link between social movements and environmental law reformation, and whether such social movements are able to strengthen the national legal and institutional framework for environmental management. To evaluate this inquiry, this thesis explores socials movements in Ecuador in the late twentieth century and in Argentina in the early twenty first century.
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Waite, Lori Gail. "Combating environmental racism in black communities : a case study utilizing the indigenous perspective of social movements." Connect to resource, 1992. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1241101395.
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Detwiler, Dominic. "Bridging The Queer-Green Gap: LGBTQ & Environmental Movements inCanada, Ireland, the United Kingdom, and the United States." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors1587131806748671.
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Founta, Vasiliki. "Numerical simulation of ground movements and structural forces in lining for Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) tunneling in clay." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/82836.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 129-133).
This thesis describes the development of a 3D finite element model for representing mechanized tunnel construction using an Earth Pressure Balance (EPB) machine in clay. The model uses the commercial FE code, Plaxis 3D, to represent the face pressure, conical shield, grouting process and activation of precast segmental concrete lining systems through a set of boundary conditions that advance through the soil mass along a prescribed trajectory. The model simulates ground conditions associated with on-going EPB tunnel construction for the Crossrail project in central London. The analyses use a linearly-elastic perfectly plastic (MC) soil model based on design profiles of undrained shear strength and stiffness characteristics of London Clay. The analyses show the importance of the in situ Ko-effective stress conditions on predictions of the free-field, short-term (i.e., undrained) ground movements caused by tunnel construction as well as the structural forces induced in the segmental lining. The results of the model are in good overall agreement with simulations from a more complex finite element model that uses sub-structing to represent the EPB machine (Kratos-ekate program; done in collaboration with the research group at TU Bochum). The results of this study form the basis for more extensive research on time dependent ground response and interactions with overlying structures.
by Vasiliki Founta.
S.M.
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Rehkopf, Jon Christian 1975. "Prediction and measurement of ground movements due to pile driving in clay : a case study in East Boston." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/84285.
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Zeller, David Russell Jr. ""There is No Planet B": Frame Disputes within the Environmental Movement over Geoengineering." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6787.
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This dissertation examines frame disputes within the environmental movement over geoengineering proposals. Among other core framing tasks, social movement organizations must evaluate solutions and strategies for the social problems they seek to address. These framings are frequently disputed by those within the movement. Recent controversies regarding a set of climate intervention proposals commonly known as geoengineering offer the opportunity to document the ongoing construction of competing visions of environmental sustainability. The nascent quality of these proposals generate dissonant framings—episodes where organizations within the environmental movement exhibit disagreement about one or more core framing tasks—a situation Goffman referred to as a “frame dispute.” I present the results of a frame analysis of websites, blog posts, and other online discourse produced between 2005 and 2015 by 16 environmental movement organizations about geoengineering. The findings illustrate the influence of frame disputes on the realization of movement goals and the dynamic interdependence of movement framing activities. For example, increased attention to frame resonance did not attenuate prognostic frame disputes during the period analyzed. Analyzing frame disputes generates useful insights for studies seeking to analyze collective identity construction processes and dynamics within and between social movement organizations.
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White, Robert Edward. "Renewable Energy: The Roles of States, Social Movements, and Policy in California and Germany." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83422.
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This project examines the development of renewable policy in California and Germany through the theoretical lens provided by John Dryzek's democratic theory of social movement engagement with the liberal democratic nation-state. Specifically, this thesis considers the impact of social movements on what the theory identifies as five core imperatives of state. The argument uses a qualitative, comparative, process tracing methodology, supported by critical discourse analysis, to analyze environmental social movement engagements with the state in relation to the development of renewable energy policymaking in the state of California and in the Federal Republic of Germany between 2000 and 2017. Whereas Dryzek and colleagues argue that environmental movement activism may have prompted a new, sixth, environmental conservation imperative of state, this thesis differs. Rather, the analysis finds that if indeed such a sixth imperative is emergent, it might better be defined as a resource conservation imperative. That is, in California and in Germany, it is not so much the environment but rather access to abundant and economically sustainable natural resources that states aim to conserve.Master of Arts
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Gordon, James. "Food Rebellion: Contemporary Food Movements as a Reflection of Our Agrarian Past." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/145.
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Pflum, Dorina. "Self-identity and Agenda of Environmental Civil Organisations within the Hungarian Political Context." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-193919.
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Pflum, Dorina (2021). Self-identity and Agenda of Environmental Civil Organisations within the Hungarian Political Context Human Geography advanced level, master thesis for master exam in Human Geography, 30 ECTS credits Supervisor: Lowe Börjeson Language: English Key words: identity, post-environmentalism, post-socialism, civil movements, environmentalism. The research presents a case study of Hungarian environmental civil organisations, highlighting particularities of a post-soviet trajectory and nationalistic discourse hostile to the civil sector. The aims of the research are to establish how organisations formulate their agenda and representation, and how they position themselves in the socio-political context. My research questions explored 1) What role do environmental civil organisations play in the sustainability discourse of Hungary and how that changed since 1989? 2) How do the current government’s attitude and activity impact the work of the organisations? 3) How do different organisations construct their identity? Utilising a constructivist approach with qualitative methodology, I conducted 11 interviews with members of 4 organisations. Reflecting on the ideas of postenvironmentalism, I found that the hostility of the government constricts the reinvention of an efficient movement but prompts the organisations to take an innovative approach. However, most changes are involuntary, reacting to external pressures and more deliberate planning is needed.
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Fortugno, Stefania A. (Stefania Angela). "An ethical and preventive approach to transboundary hazardous waste movements : a view from Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1993. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26200.
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The purpose of this study is to examine the issues relating to transboundary hazardous waste movements and the most recent efforts to address them at the international, regional and national levels. The transfer of hazardous wastes from the country of origin to other nations raises a number of environmental, ethical and economic concerns, particularly when developing nations are targeted as waste recipients. This work argues that the only appropriate response is the adoption of an ethical and preventive approach to the transboundary movement and management of hazardous waste. At the national level, prevention in the form of waste minimization and an integrated multi-media approach to hazardous waste management is essential to stem the tide of transboundary waste flows and to ensure environmental and human health protection. This work concludes with an examination of the necessity of a partial or global ban on transboundary waste movements and outlines new directions for sustainable development.