Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental niche adaptation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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Walker, Richard. "“Niche Selection” and the Evolution of Complex Behavior in a Changing Environment—A Simulation." Artificial Life 5, no. 3 (1999): 271–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/106454699568782.
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One of the key problems in theoretical biology is the identification of the mechanisms underlying the evolution of complexity. This paper suggests that some difficulties in current models could be avoided by taking account of “niche selection” as proposed by Waddington [21] and subsequent authors [2]. Computer simulations, in which an evolving population of artificial organisms “selects” the niche(s) that maximize their fitness, are compared with a Control Model in which “Niche Selection” is absent. In the simulations the Niche Selection Model consistently produced a greater number of “fit” organisms than the Control Model; although the Niche Selection Model tended, in general, to produce organisms occupying simple niches, it was nonetheless more effective than the Control Model in producing well-adapted organisms inhabiting complex niches. It is shown that the production of these organisms is critically dependent on the rate of environmental change: Slow change leads to fit but undifferentiated populations, dominated by organisms occupying simple niches; differentiated populations, including well-adapted organisms living in complex niches, require rates of environmental change lying just beyond a mathematically well-defined critical value. In simulation “Niche Selection,” unlike conventional “Natural Selection,” provides a permanent selective bias in favor of simplicity. This tendency is counterbalanced by statistical forces favoring shifts from rare “simple niches” to commoner niches of greater complexity. Fit organisms inhabiting complex niches only emerge in conditions where the rate of environmental change is high enough to avoid the concentration of the population in very simple niches, but slow enough to permit step-by-step adaptation to niches of gradually increasing complexity. This result appears to be robust to changes in simulation parameters and assumptions, and leads to interesting conjectures about the real world behavior of biological organisms (and other complex adaptive systems). It is suggested that some of these conjectures might be relatively easy to test.
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Morales-Nieto, Carlos R., Federico Villarreal-Guerrero, Pedro Jurado-Guerra, et al. "Environmental Niche Dynamics of Blue Grama (Bouteloua gracilis) Ecotypes in Northern Mexico: Genetic Structure and Implications for Restoration Management." Plants 11, no. 5 (2022): 684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11050684.
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Understanding the genetic structure adopted by natural populations and its relation to environmental adaptation is critical for the success of restoration programs. We evaluated the genetic structure and temporal environmental niche dynamics of blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) in 48 populations. The genetic evaluation was performed through amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) molecular markers. The maximum entropy method was used to model the past, present, and future environmental niches of the three clusters derived from the genetic analysis. The environmental niches of the three genetic clusters showed dynamic overlaps and isolations during the last interglacial and glacial maximum. The paleoclimatic events, which occurred during those periods, may have reinforced genetic exchange among populations and affected their genetic structure. Genetic clusters also presented different environmental niches in the present. Thus, they can be considered as three distinct ecotypes and restoration programs must be carried out using local germplasm from each environmental niche to increase their chance of success. Based on the environmental niches of the genetic clusters, changes are expected in the near and mid-century future. Therefore, climate change must be considered for species conservation management and future restoration programs.
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Feng, Li, Lipan Zhou, Tianyi Zhang, and Xumei Wang. "Niche Dynamics Below the Species Level: Evidence from Evaluating Niche Shifts within Quercus aquifolioides." Forests 14, no. 4 (2023): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14040690.
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The role of ecological niches in lineage diversification has been the subject of long-standing interest of ecologists and evolutionary biologists. Specific responses to climate change can arise below the species level, resulting in differentiated adaptation or movement patterns within a given species. Thus, the urgent need to model potential responses to ongoing climate changes among genetically distinct populations within a species is increasingly recognized. In this study, we utilize the information of intraspecific variation within Quercus aquifolioides as a priori, and then focus on the potential distribution ranges and niche dynamics of its three intraspecific lineages (WSP, HDM, and Tibet) under current environmental conditions via ecological niche models (ENMs) and PCA-env ordination method, respectively. Our results indicated that the three lineages have occupied differentiated climatic niches. Although the three lineages have distinctly adaptive strategies for homogeneous environmental conditions, some lineages had sympatric projecting areas. The PCA-env demonstrated that the lineage pair WSP vs. HDM had the largest niche overlap while Tibet vs. HDM showed the smallest one. Moreover, the hypothesis of the niche was indistinguishable within the three lineages rejected, indicating the presence of niche divergence rather than niche conservatism below the species level. Our findings highlight the potential of modeling intraspecific responses to climate change and provide insights into lineage diversification within Q. aquifolioides, permitting the exploration of the information determined by niche evaluations and comparisons to understand plant diversification processes below the species level in biodiversity hotspots.
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Evans, Alexandra, and Hans Jacquemyn. "Impact of mating system on range size and niche breadth in Epipactis (Orchidaceae)." Annals of Botany 126, no. 7 (2020): 1203–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcaa142.
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Abstract Background and Aims The geographical distribution of plant species is linked fundamentally not only to environmental variables, but also to key traits that affect the dispersal, establishment and evolutionary potential of a species. One of the key plant traits that can be expected to affect standing genetic variation, speed of adaptation and the capacity to colonize and establish in new habitats, and therefore niche breadth and range size, is the plant mating system. However, the precise role of the mating system in shaping range size and niche breadth of plant species remains unclear, and different studies have provided contrasting results. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that range size and niche breadth differed with mating system in the orchid genus Epipactis. Methods We modelled the ecological niches of 14 Epipactis species in Europe using occurrence records and environmental satellite data in Maxent. Niche breadth and niche overlap in both geographic and environmental space were calculated from the resulting habitat suitability maps using ENMTools, and geographic range was estimated using α-hull range definition. Habitat suitability, environmental variable contributions and niche metrics were compared among species with different mating systems. Key Results We did not detect significant differences in niche breadth, occurrence probability or geographical range between autogamous and allogamous Epipactis species, although autogamous species demonstrated notably low variation in niche parameters. We also found no significant differences in niche overlap between species with the same mating system or different mating systems. For all Epipactis species, occurrence was strongly associated with land cover, particularly broad-leafed and coniferous forests, and with limestone bedrock. Conclusions These results suggest that the mating system does not necessarily contribute to niche breadth and differentiation, and that other factors (e.g. mycorrhizal specificity) may be more important drivers of range size and niche breadth in Epipactis and orchids in general.
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Gubry-Rangin, Cécile, Christina Kratsch, Tom A. Williams, et al. "Coupling of diversification and pH adaptation during the evolution of terrestrial Thaumarchaeota." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 30 (2015): 9370–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1419329112.
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The Thaumarchaeota is an abundant and ubiquitous phylum of archaea that plays a major role in the global nitrogen cycle. Previous analyses of the ammonia monooxygenase gene amoA suggest that pH is an important driver of niche specialization in these organisms. Although the ecological distribution and ecophysiology of extant Thaumarchaeota have been studied extensively, the evolutionary rise of these prokaryotes to ecological dominance in many habitats remains poorly understood. To characterize processes leading to their diversification, we investigated coevolutionary relationships between amoA, a conserved marker gene for Thaumarchaeota, and soil characteristics, by using deep sequencing and comprehensive environmental data in Bayesian comparative phylogenetics. These analyses reveal a large and rapid increase in diversification rates during early thaumarchaeotal evolution; this finding was verified by independent analyses of 16S rRNA. Our findings suggest that the entire Thaumarchaeota diversification regime was strikingly coupled to pH adaptation but less clearly correlated with several other tested environmental factors. Interestingly, the early radiation event coincided with a period of pH adaptation that enabled the terrestrial Thaumarchaeota ancestor to initially move from neutral to more acidic and alkaline conditions. In contrast to classic evolutionary models, whereby niches become rapidly filled after adaptive radiation, global diversification rates have remained stably high in Thaumarchaeota during the past 400–700 million years, suggesting an ongoing high rate of niche formation or switching for these microbes. Our study highlights the enduring importance of environmental adaptation during thaumarchaeotal evolution and, to our knowledge, is the first to link evolutionary diversification to environmental adaptation in a prokaryotic phylum.
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Antell, Gwen S., Isabel S. Fenton, Paul J. Valdes, and Erin E. Saupe. "Thermal niches of planktonic foraminifera are static throughout glacial–interglacial climate change." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 18 (2021): e2017105118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2017105118.
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Abiotic niche lability reduces extinction risk by allowing species to adapt to changing environmental conditions in situ. In contrast, species with static niches must keep pace with the velocity of climate change as they track suitable habitat. The rate and frequency of niche lability have been studied on human timescales (months to decades) and geological timescales (millions of years), but lability on intermediate timescales (millennia) remains largely uninvestigated. Here, we quantified abiotic niche lability at 8-ka resolution across the last 700 ka of glacial–interglacial climate fluctuations, using the exceptionally well-known fossil record of planktonic foraminifera coupled with Atmosphere–Ocean Global Climate Model reconstructions of paleoclimate. We tracked foraminiferal niches through time along the univariate axis of mean annual temperature, measured both at the sea surface and at species’ depth habitats. Species’ temperature preferences were uncoupled from the global temperature regime, undermining a hypothesis of local adaptation to changing environmental conditions. Furthermore, intraspecific niches were equally similar through time, regardless of climate change magnitude on short timescales (8 ka) and across contrasts of glacial and interglacial extremes. Evolutionary trait models fitted to time series of occupied temperature values supported widespread niche stasis above randomly wandering or directional change. Ecotype explained little variation in species-level differences in niche lability after accounting for evolutionary relatedness. Together, these results suggest that warming and ocean acidification over the next hundreds to thousands of years could redistribute and reduce populations of foraminifera and other calcifying plankton, which are primary components of marine food webs and biogeochemical cycles.
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Matlock, William, Kevin K. Chau, Manal AbuOun, et al. "Genomic network analysis of environmental and livestock F-type plasmid populations." ISME Journal 15, no. 8 (2021): 2322–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00926-w.
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AbstractF-type plasmids are diverse and of great clinical significance, often carrying genes conferring antimicrobial resistance (AMR) such as extended-spectrum β-lactamases, particularly in Enterobacterales. Organising this plasmid diversity is challenging, and current knowledge is largely based on plasmids from clinical settings. Here, we present a network community analysis of a large survey of F-type plasmids from environmental (influent, effluent and upstream/downstream waterways surrounding wastewater treatment works) and livestock settings. We use a tractable and scalable methodology to examine the relationship between plasmid metadata and network communities. This reveals how niche (sampling compartment and host genera) partition and shape plasmid diversity. We also perform pangenome-style analyses on network communities. We show that such communities define unique combinations of core genes, with limited overlap. Building plasmid phylogenies based on alignments of these core genes, we demonstrate that plasmid accessory function is closely linked to core gene content. Taken together, our results suggest that stable F-type plasmid backbone structures can persist in environmental settings while allowing dramatic variation in accessory gene content that may be linked to niche adaptation. The association of F-type plasmids with AMR may reflect their suitability for rapid niche adaptation.
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Nikol’skii, Alexander, Konstantin Belovezhets, and Elena Vanisova. "Sustainability as a basic property of the phenomenon of life organized in supraorganismal systems." E3S Web of Conferences 169 (2020): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202016903001.
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The phenomenon of life is organized in supraorganismal systems, populations and ecosystems. The main mechanisms of sustainability of these systems are: 1) the influence of limiting factors on population growth and ecosystem development; 2) the allocation of plant and animal species into ecological niches; 3) co-adaptation of plants and animals; 4) species genetic integration; 5) biocommunications. Limiting factors inhibit populations’ growth and distribution of organisms, so that populations obey the logistic growth, reaching a relatively stable climax stage. The space of limiting factors restricted by the tolerance limits of organisms forms an ecological niche of species. During long-joint evolution (co-evolution), species form co-adaptations (mutual adaptations). As a result of species genetic integrity, each new generation inherits not only adaptations for its specific ecological niche, but also a determined physical space including all the environmental factors to which the species is adapted. Consolidation of individuals with a related genotype is supported by intraspecific communication processes. Means of communication are genetically determined. Humankind is the only species on Earth that has subjugated limiting factors. As a result the population of humans shows an unlimited exponential growth, population explosion. It is a basic factor in the instability of the Nature - Society system.
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Rossbach, Susann, Benjamin C. C. Hume, Anny Cárdenas, Gabriela Perna, Christian R. Voolstra, and Carlos M. Duarte. "Flexibility in Red Sea Tridacna maxima ‐Symbiodiniaceae associations supports environmental niche adaptation." Ecology and Evolution 11, no. 7 (2021): 3393–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7299.
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Polechová, Jitka, and Nicholas H. Barton. "Limits to adaptation along environmental gradients." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 20 (2015): 6401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1421515112.
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Why do species not adapt to ever-wider ranges of conditions, gradually expanding their ecological niche and geographic range? Gene flow across environments has two conflicting effects: although it increases genetic variation, which is a prerequisite for adaptation, gene flow may swamp adaptation to local conditions. In 1956, Haldane proposed that, when the environment varies across space, “swamping” by gene flow creates a positive feedback between low population size and maladaptation, leading to a sharp range margin. However, current deterministic theory shows that, when variance can evolve, there is no such limit. Using simple analytical tools and simulations, we show that genetic drift can generate a sharp margin to a species’ range, by reducing genetic variance below the level needed for adaptation to spatially variable conditions. Aided by separation of ecological and evolutionary timescales, the identified effective dimensionless parameters reveal a simple threshold that predicts when adaptation at the range margin fails. Two observable parameters determine the threshold: (i) the effective environmental gradient, which can be measured by the loss of fitness due to dispersal to a different environment; and (ii) the efficacy of selection relative to genetic drift. The theory predicts sharp range margins even in the absence of abrupt changes in the environment. Furthermore, it implies that gradual worsening of conditions across a species’ habitat may lead to a sudden range fragmentation, when adaptation to a wide span of conditions within a single species becomes impossible.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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MACRI', CARMELO NICODEMO. "Adaptations of plant species to environmental changes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1003150.
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The future climate change represents the biggest challenge for plant and animal species. The scenarios forecasted by the IPCC predict a global increase in temperatures and regional changes in rainfall during this century. Therefore, studying the relationship between climate and several traits of species is crucial in our understanding of the effects that future changes may have on plants. Species growing along a wide environmental gradient are a suitable study model to verify the relationship between intraspecific variability and both current and future climate. The aim of my PhD project is to analyse the relationship between environmental variability and variation in morphological traits, germination capacity and genetic structure of Lilium pomponium, using a multidisciplinary approach. The results of this study may enhance our understanding about the possible responses of this threatened species to environmental changes. Lilium pomponium is an endemism of the Ligurian and Maritime Alps spanning along a wide altitudinal gradient (100 and 2000 m a.s.l.), ranging from a Mediterranean to a subalpine climate. Our results show that the populations exposed to different environmental pressures have variations in floral characteristics, these variations likely play an important role in reducing among-populations variability in reproductive output. Germination tests show that the increase in temperature may negatively affect seeds germination capacity. Nevertheless, projections of thermal requirement for seed germination under future climatic conditions suggest that populations will probably respond to future temperature increase shifting their germination phenology. Moreover, in the future the species may find suitable ecological conditions for seed germination in new areas at higher altitudes. Finally, genetic analysis suggests that there is no clear pattern of diversity and differentiation between populations, which may be related to the topographic complexity of the areas and to the biogeographical history of the species. Overall, the results obtained suggest that high among-populations variability found in L. pomponium may be a bet-hedging strategy to cope with unpredictable environmental conditions occurring in Mediterranean climate and that it might also represent a successful strategy to face the future environmental change.
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Guillon, Michaël. "De la physiologie à la répartition : adaptations climatiques et sensibilité thermique chez une relique glaciaire." Phd thesis, Poitiers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00996071.
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L'un des objectifs majeurs en écologie est de comprendre les déterminants de la distribution des organismes. La répartition des espèces est le produit d'une réponse dynamique face à l'environnement biotique et abiotique. Il est primordial d'élaborer des inférences solides sur les contraintes pour identifier les facteurs proximaux de la distribution des espèces. Chez les ectothermes, la température corporelle est directement dépendante de la température ambiante qui va affecter la physiologie, le budget d'activité et par conséquent la plupart de leurs traits d'histoire de vie. La prévalence des facteurs abiotiques (climat) sur la distribution des espèces est largement pressentie notamment sur les espèces spécialisées dans l'économie d'énergie. Seul un petit nombre d'espèces d'ectothermes est capable d'exploiter des milieux froids ce qui soulève des questions sur leurs spécificités physiologiques et leurs réponses face aux changements globaux. Nous avons étudié l'écophysiologie et la distribution d'une espèce boréale, la vipère péliade (Vipera berus) dont l'aire de répartition très vaste trouve sa limite sud de répartition en France, dans le Massif Central. Nous avons réalisé des suivis comparatifs avec la vipère aspic (Vipera aspis), espèce soeur à répartition parapatrique limitée au Sud-ouest de l'Europe. Nos travaux sur la thermorégulation, le métabolisme, la sensibilité hydrique et la phénologie de reproduction montrent que l'espèce boréale présente des adaptations spécifiques au froid qui la rendent particulièrement vulnérable aux températures élevées notamment en période estivale. Nos résultats de modélisation corrélative soulignent clairement que le climat est suffisant pour prédire la majeure partie de la répartition des espèces. En parallèle, les modèles de niches physiologiques démontrent l'importance de la dépendance thermique des coûts de maintenance et de la phénologie de la reproduction. En effet, les limites Sud de distributions des deux espèces seraient liées à des contraintes énergétiques et hydriques trop fortes alors que l'altération des performances reproductrices limiterait V aspis au Nord. Les variations climatiques passées (cycles glaciaire/interglaciaire) ont largement impacté la structuration génétique des populations de vipère péliade. Les scenarios de changements climatiques futurs pourraient avoir un impact majeur sur la persistance de l'espèce d'ici 2100 dans les landes et tourbières en zone amont de la Loire.
Books on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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Cellura, A. Raymond. The genomic environment and niche-experience. Cedar Springs Press, 2004.
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Cellura, A. Raymond. The genomic environment and niche-experience. Cedar Springs Press, 2005.
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Cojocaru, Nicolae. Problema acomodării alolingvilor din Republica Moldova la mediul etnic autohton =: The problem of the adaptation of the not Romanian-speaking population part of the republic Moldova in the autochtonische ethnic environment = Problème de l'accommodation des allogènes de la République de Moldavie au milieu etnique autochtone = Das Problem der Adaptation des nicht rumänischsprechenden Bevölkerungsteils der Republik Moldau in das autochtonische ethnische Milieu = Problema adaptat︠s︡ii nerumynoi︠a︡zychnogo naselenii︠a︡ Respubliki Moldova k avtokhtonnoĭ ėtnicheskoĭ srede. Editura "Tehnica-Info", 2006.
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Sultan, Sonia E. Organism and Environment: Ecological Development, Niche Construction, and Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Sultan, Sonia E. Organism and Environment: Ecological Development, Niche Construction, and Adaptation. Oxford University Press, 2015.
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Page, Robert E. The Art of the Bee. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197504147.001.0001.
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The impact of bees on the world is immeasurable. Bees are responsible for the evolution of the vast array of brightly colored flowers and for engineering the niches of multitudes of plants, animals, and microbes. They’ve painted landscapes with flowers through their pollination activities and have evolved the most complex societies to aid their exploitation of the environment. The biology of the honey bee is one that reflects their role in transforming environments with their anatomical adaptations and a complex language that together function to exploit floral resources. A complex social system that includes a division of labor builds, defends, and provisions nests containing tens of thousands of individuals, only one of whom reproduces. Traditional biology texts present stratified layers of knowledge where the reader excavates levels of biological organization, each building on the last. This book presents fundamental biology not in layers but wrapped around interesting themes and concepts and in ways designed to explore and understand each concept. It examines the coevolution of bees and flowering plants, bees as engineers of the environment, the evolution of sociality, the honey bee as a superorganism and how it evolves, and the mating behavior of the queen.
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Levins, Richard. Evolution in Changing Environments: Some Theoretical Explorations. Princeton University Press, 2020.
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Brönmark, Christer, and Lars-Anders Hansson. The Biology of Lakes and Ponds. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198713593.001.0001.
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The Biology of Lakes and Ponds focuses on the interactions between the abiotic frame, such as turbulence, temperature, pH and nutrients, and the organisms, including interactions with and among organisms at the individual, population and community level. The book fills this niche between traditional limnology and evolutionary ecology by focusing on physiological, morphological and behavioural adaptations among organisms to abiotic and biotic factors and how interactions between biotic processes and abiotic constraints determine the structure and dynamics of lake and pond systems. In addition, the book describes and analyses the causes and consequences of human activities on freshwater organisms and ecosystems and covers longstanding environmental threats, such as eutrophication and acidification, as well as novel threats, such as biodiversity loss, use of everyday chemicals and global climate change. However, also signs of improvement and the possibilities to restore degraded ecosystems are discussed and provide hope for future generations.
Book chapters on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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Hassen, Wafa, Bilel Hassen, Marwa El Ouaer, and Abdennaceur Hassen. "Strategies for Removal of Emerging Compounds of Concern Through Algal Niche Adaptation." In Environmental Science and Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-2371-3_9.
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Donohue, Kathleen. "Some Evolutionary Consequences of Niche Construction with Genotype-Environment Interaction." In Adaptation and Fitness in Animal Populations. Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-9005-9_9.
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Casas, Veronica, and Stanley Maloy. "The Role of Phage in the Adaptation of Bacteria to New Environmental Niches." In Molecular Mechanisms of Microbial Evolution. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-69078-0_11.
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Dörfler, Walter, Stefan Dreibrodt, Berit Valentin Eriksen, et al. "Creation of Cultural Landscapes – Decision-Making and Perception Within Specific Ecological Settings." In Perspectives on Socio-environmental Transformations in Ancient Europe. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-53314-3_7.
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AbstractThis chapter starts with a theoretical introduction to the concept of the creation and perception of cultural landscapes. Niche construction theory and human agency, often treated as controverse concepts are discussed as complementary aspects of human environment relations. The DPSIR framework (the concept of Driving forces, Pressures, States, Impacts and Responses) is applied as valuable approach for the explanation of the transformations in human behaviour in reaction to environmental developments. Aspects of intended and unintended reactions to human agency and action are discussed as well as the temporal and spatial scales of transformations that consequently occured. Therefore, four examples are presented from case studies within the CRC 1266. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic use of natural resources will have left visible but short-lived traces in the landscape as first steps towards a cultural landscape. The role of humans in the spread of plants and the influence of human action on the plant distribution and composition are discussed in this context. The Neolithic transformation shows a new dimension of changes in the landscape. The producing economy leads to a wide range of resource extractions that enable a much higher population being nourished by the manipulated environment with anthropogenic open land as a new landscape element or niche. Bronze Age progression and intensification of land use in many areas lead to soil degradation and the widespread expansion of heathlands. Even though the process was too slow to be perceived consciously, associated economic adaptations to this new type of cultural landscape are observable. The fourth example explains an unexpected positive aspect of deforestation. In the context of Neolithic Trypillian megasites the soil developed towards a deep and fertile Chernozem. The role of earthworms is discussed as key factor for the soil development in the transition from a forest and forest steppe towards the agrarian steppe of today. The difference between human agency and human action is discussed for the presented examples as the awareness of the consequences of human behaviour very much depends the velocity of changes and human perception.
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Fathima, Aifa, Yaser Arafath, Saqib Hassan, Pallaval Veera Bramhachari, George Seghal Kiran, and Joseph Selvin. "Novel Insights into Environmental Niche Adaptations and Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Potential of Marine Sponge Microbiome." In Understanding the Microbiome Interactions in Agriculture and the Environment. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-3696-8_8.
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Birkoben, Tom, and Hermann Kohlstedt. "Matter and Mind Matter." In Springer Series on Bio- and Neurosystems. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-36705-2_1.
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AbstractAs a result of a hundred million years of evolution, living animals have adapted extremely well to their ecological niche. Such adaptation implies species-specific interactions with their immediate environment by processing sensory cues and responding with appropriate behavior. Understanding how living creatures perform pattern recognition and cognitive tasks is of particular importance for computing architectures: by studying these information pathways refined over eons of evolution, researchers may be able to streamline the process of developing more highly advanced, energy efficient autonomous systems. With the advent of novel electronic and ionic components along with a deeper understanding of information pathways in living species, a plethora of opportunities to develop completely novel information processing avenues are within reach. Here, we describe the basal information pathways in nervous systems, from the local neuron level to the entire nervous system network. The dual importance of local learning rules is addressed, from spike timing dependent plasticity at the neuron level to the interwoven morphological and dynamical mechanisms of the global network. Basal biological principles are highlighted, including phylogenies, ontogenesis, and homeostasis, with particular emphasis on network topology and dynamics. While in machine learning system training is performed on virgin networks without any a priori knowledge, the approach proposed here distinguishes itself unambiguously by employing growth mechanisms as a guideline to design novel computing architectures. Including fundamental biological information pathways that explore the spatiotemporal fundamentals of nervous systems has untapped potential for the development of entirely novel information processing systems. Finally, a benchmark for neuromorphic systems is suggested.
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Wyman, Steven K., and Verne McFarland. "Digitization as Adaptation." In Modern Organizations in Virtual Communities. IGI Global, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-931777-16-2.ch019.
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In 1994, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s Superfund Program began to develop a paper imaging system known as the Superfund Document Management System (SDMS). SDMS came into being as an attempt to improve management of and access to Agency records. An Agency workgroup composed primarily of Superfund records managers developed functional criteria for the application, and elected an Agency regional office for implementation pilot. At the time of this writing all EPA Superfund regional offices have implemented SDMS. For reasons described in this chapter, even as SDMS achieved institutional acceptance it faced pressures to adapt to internal and external pressures. The emergence of the World Wide Web, the inevitability of electronic records, the rising costs of maintaining large paper collections all combined to produce a niche different in key aspects from that which the system was originally designed to occupy. This chapter discusses how the interactions of two life cycles — records and systems development — affected the fitness of the system to its environment.
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Thakur, Dr Pranita Prabhakar, Dr Anil Arjun Hake, Swarup Premanand Nagrale, Dr Prerona Boruah, and Dr Mala Parab. "MOLECULAR BIOLOGY FOR DROUGHT RESPONSE IN DIFFERENT CROP PLANTS." In Futuristic Trends in Biotechnology Volume 3 Book 2. Iterative International Publisher, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/v3bgbt2p2ch8.
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Various crop plants in agricultural fields' natural habitats are exposed to climatic changes and environmental stresses. It is estimated that suboptimal climatic and soil conditions (abiotic factors) result in an average yield loss of 75% for field-grown crops (Trontin et al., 2011). Consequently, understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying plant stress injuries is crucial for both agriculture and the environment (Osakabe et al., 2014). Stress tolerance involves two mechanisms, adaptation and acclimation, arising from integrated events at all organizational levels, from anatomical and morphological to cellular, biochemical, and molecular levels (Zhu et al., 2013). Transcription factors (TFs) play a pivotal role in regulating gene expression through transcription, allowing plants to adapt to harsh environments and abiotic stresses like drought. Genome-wide comparative expression profiles contribute to consolidating our understanding of the molecular mechanisms plants employ in response to drought stress. Throughout evolution, plants have developed adaptation mechanisms to water stress, aiding their survival during moderate drought and adjusting their water requirements to the local climatic conditions to maintain their ecological niche. Consequently, there is potential for developing moisture stress-resistant genotypes through gene pyramiding in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding (Janiak et al., 2016).
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Rodríguez-Castañeda, Genoveva, and Anouschka R. Hof. "Insect communities adapting to climate change." In Effects of Climate Change on Insects. Oxford University PressOxford, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192864161.003.0012.
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Abstract Climate change leads to three main known responses by species: shifts in distribution following a climatic niche, adaptation to the new climatic conditions or extinction. Insect species have more resilience and adaptations to cooler temperatures than to warmer ones, which is congruent with the geological cooling period that preceded the warming of the Anthropocene. Most studies conducted along environmental gradients focus on how insect communities adapt to warmer temperatures by modeling how, based on present occurrences, they would shift to new elevations. This chapter comprehensively reviews documented changes in insect species distribution over the past twenty-five to one hundred years; this will allow us to consider the ability of montane insect communities to adapt to higher temperatures and whether temperate and tropical species are responding differently. This chapter explores how elevational range shifts affect insect communities in both temperate and tropical zones. Finally, it presents a new framework to evaluate how insects respond to the threats of climate change and habitat loss and explore ecological and microclimatic conditions in which insect communities find refuge.
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Khalid, Mehwish, and Imran Hashmi. "Selection of Strains and Breeding of Algae." In Handbook of Research on Algae as a Sustainable Solution for Food, Energy, and the Environment. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2438-4.ch003.
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Intensive research efforts are aimed at increasing and modifying the algal biomass production and selection for different purposes. Financial aspects for biomass production techniques always remain a challenge that needs to be addressed. Using cost-effective media for the growth and choosing high lipid content strain is always aimed to reduce the cost of yield of algal biomass. With each passing day, there is advancement in the use of algae for the vested interests. Different species are expected to function well at different niche and environmental conditions. Therefore, adaptation of robust method and selection of algal trait is most relevant for yielding large scale algal biomass. The overarching significance of producer strain has driven research in recent years towards genetically modified species. This chapter particularly focusses on the selection and breeding of algae like different cultivation aspects in open pond, photobioreactor, bio flocculation, and advantages and disadvantages thereof.
Conference papers on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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Бондаренко, З. Д., and Н. А. Багрикова. "ECOLOGICAL AND BIOLOGICAL FEATURES OF COMMUNITIES WITH THE IN THE YALTA MOUNTAIN-FOREST NATURE RESERVE." In Сотрудничество ботанических садов в сфере сохранения ценного растительного генофонда. Материалы Международной научной конференции, посвященной 10-летию Совета ботанических садов стран СНГ при МААН. Crossref, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35102/cbg.2022.75.26.066.
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Проведенный анализ биоморф и экоморф показал, что в лесных фитоценозах Горного Крыма, относящихся к классам Erico-Pinetea, Quercetea pubescentis, сообщества с участием Daphne laureola отличаются по составу жизненных форм, типам вегетации, экоморфам по отношению к освещенности и увлажнению. Это позволяет сделать вывод о достаточно широкой экологической нише данного вида, которая определяет высокую адаптацию растений к различным условиям среды. The analysis of biomorphs and ecomorphs showed that in the forest phytocenoses of the Crimean Mountains, belonging to the classes Erico-Pinetea , Quercetea pubescentis , communities with the Daphne laureola differ in the composition of life forms, types of vegetation, ecomorphs of light and moisture. This allows us to conclude that this species has a fairly wide ecological niche, which determines the high adaptation of plants to various environmental.
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Xu, Xukan, and Zhao Jiu-ru. "Research of adaptation between information systems and the environment based on the niche theory." In 2011 International Conference on Electronics, Communications and Control (ICECC). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icecc.2011.6066495.
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Bucos, Tatiana. "The impact of economy platformization on the phenomenon of “BRAIN DRAIN”." In Economic Security in the Context of Systemic Transformations, 3rd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/escst2023.01.
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This article delves into the impact of the economy's platformization on the 'virtual brain drain' within the Industry 4.0 revolution. It explores the transformation of economic and business systems through digital platforms, transitioning from traditional brain drain to a virtual one. The study highlights the role of these platforms in transforming data management, reshaping economic sectors, and influencing consumer behavior. The paper examines the evolution of remote work from a pre-internet niche to widespread adoption, particularly accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic. It discusses the critical role of online platforms in structuring remote work, including communication, project management, and data security. At its core, the research focuses on the 'virtual brain drain', where skilled professionals work remotely for international companies without emigrating, particularly prevalent in IT, programming, and digital marketing. This differs from traditional brain drain due to its virtual nature. The article addresses the challenges of remote work, such as cultural and legal differences, time zone challenges, and data security. It notes the adaptation of human resource management strategies, emphasizing collaborative technology and virtual recruitment. In conclusion, the paper reflects on the labor market's significant changes due to the virtual brain drain, altering talent attraction, retention, and management in a digitized, global work environment, providing insights into the evolving workforce dynamics in a platform-dominated economy.
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OANCEA-NEGESCU, Mihaela Diana, Petrut Cristian VASILACHE, Oana Matilda SABIE, and Ovidiu Andrei Cristian BUZOIANU. "STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE POPULATION OF ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL OPERATORS: ROMANIA-FRANCE COMPARISON." In International Management Conference. Editura ASE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/imc/2021/01.21.
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Economic and social operators have always played a special role in the economic and social life of any country, being the basis of economic development. Dynamism, flexibility, adaptability, innovative potential are some of the characteristics that economic and social operators have and are considered important for the development of the economy of any state. They have played over time an important role in the development of the economy, by creating jobs, increasing competition and innovation, contributing to the dynamism and unity of the market. The positive effects generated by them are multiple, the most important are the improvement of the competitive environment, the creation of opportunities for development and adaptation to new technologies, the occupation of market niches that are not profitable for large companies. Economic and social operators have always been the main actor in the economic and social life of any nation, being the necessary basis for the development of the economy. The dynamic and flexible character, the adaptability, the innovative capacity represent some of the elements that they have and that are considered important for the harmonious progress of the economy of any state.The paper analyzes the importance of the development of companies in any market economy, the possible effects of the increase / decrease of this population on the economy of the respective countries, differences between the analyzed countries and presents the role of SMEs in the local economy.
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Dobrovolschi, Marina. "Entrepreneurial Behavior in the Health Tourism Market." In International Scientific Conference ”Development Through Research and Innovation - 2023”, 4nd Edition. Academy of Economic Studies of Moldova, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.53486/dri2023.18.
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The health tourism market includes economic sectors with different objects of activity that aim to obtain profit by increasing the number of visitors, turning them into customers, using modern marketing tools, and being one step ahead of the competition. Thus, we encounter sedentary, adaptable, or in-trend behaviors of entrepreneurs who contribute directly or indirectly through their actions to the development of medical, wellness, and SPA tourism. This study is a descriptive analysis of entrepreneurial behaviors, to present the bond between digitalization, researcher activity, sustainability, and the future of the health tourism market. The health tourism market divides players into several segments: those who provide medical services, wellness services, and SPA services, who organize the connection between the customer and the consumption of the tourist product, those who provide related services (accommodation, transport, tourist assistance, health insurance, leisure services). Their presence must be constant, interested in their power and positioning in the chain of producer and consumer. Tourism is one of the markets with fabulous growth in the last decade, with an impact on modern civilization after the pandemic. The post-pandemic period has generated a new entrepreneurial vision of the tourism product, on the presentation, promotion strategy, and sales policy to the customer, as well as the possibility of transforming the customer into a consumer. The use of modern marketing tools such as artificial intelligence, and virtual reality have created opportunities to bring to the market new tourist destinations, new medical services, and new distribution channels of tourist product, all as a result of marketing research that provides results on the needs and expectations of the final consumer, as well as how important it is to adapt organizations to these needs. The company's answer to consumer demand depends on external factors: war, pandemics, natural disasters, and legislative changes. These uncontrollable factors determine a new adaptation of companies to the needs that arise among the consumers, which will cost them positioning on the market. Human resources, as an internal factor, are the key to the relationship between the consumer and the producer of the tourist service. The market trends push companies to use digital marketing strategy, direct marketing, and state-of-the-art technologies, hoping to reduce the waiting time for the customer and create the tourist product at an optimal price. New trends determine a blend of creation and imagination with technological and economical possibilities, for new tourist services and products. Such is how new market niches have developed new market niches, such as elderly tourism, thermal tourism, water tourism or wave tourism, tourism for people with disabilities, and nutritional tourism. Unlike leisure tourists, they want to meet their specific needs during the holiday. Also, entrepreneurs, depending on their quality in the tourist process, customize their tourist products or services according to customer behaviour. Adapting entrepreneurial behaviour to new trends is necessary to cope with the environment. The reported problems, as well as global warming, water pollution, melting glaciers, increasing the immunity of the human body to antibiotics, and decreasing international safety, determine the adaptation of organizational behaviour towards sustainability, digitization, and empathy, as well as the personalization of the tourism product or service.
Reports on the topic "Environmental niche adaptation"
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Shpigel, Nahum Y., Ynte Schukken, and Ilan Rosenshine. Identification of genes involved in virulence of Escherichia coli mastitis by signature tagged mutagenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2014.7699853.bard.
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Mastitis, an inflammatory response of the mammary tissue to invading pathogenic bacteria, is the largest health problem in the dairy industry and is responsible for multibillion dollar economic losses. E. coli are a leading cause of acute mastitis in dairy animals worldwide and certainly in Israel and North America. The species E. coli comprises a highly heterogeneous group of pathogens, some of which are commensal residents of the gut, infecting the mammary gland after contamination of the teat skin from the environment. As compared to other gut microflora, mammary pathogenic E. coli (MPEC) may have undergone evolutionary adaptations that improve their fitness for colonization of the unique and varied environmental niches found within the mammary gland. These niches include competing microbes already present or accompanying the new colonizer, soluble and cellular antimicrobials in milk, and the innate immune response elicited by mammary cells and recruited immune cells. However, to date, no specific virulence factors have been identified in E. coli isolates associated with mastitis. The original overall research objective of this application was to develop a genome-wide, transposon-tagged mutant collection of MPEC strain P4 and to use this technology to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. In the course of the project we decided to take an alternative genome-wide approach and to use whole genomes bioinformatics analysis. Using genome sequencing and analysis of six MPEC strains, our studies have shown that type VI secretion system (T6SS) gene clusters were present in all these strains. Furthermore, using unbiased screening of MPEC strains for reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in the murine mastitis model, we have identified in MPEC P4-NR a new pathogenicity island (PAI-1) encoding the core components of T6SS and its hallmark effectors Hcp, VgrG and Rhs. Next, we have shown that specific deletions of T6SS genes reduced colonization, fitness and virulence in lactating mouse mammary glands. Our long-term goal is to understand the molecular mechanisms of host-pathogen interactions in the mammary gland and to relate these mechanisms to disease processes and pathogenesis. We have been able to achieve our research objectives to identify E. coli genes that are specifically involved in mammary virulence and pathogenicity. The project elucidated a new basic concept in host pathogen interaction of MPEC, which for the best of our knowledge was never described or investigated before. This research will help us to shed new light on principles behind the infection strategy of MPEC. The new targets now enable prevalence and epidemiology studies of T6SS in field strains of MPEC which might unveil new geographic, management and ecological risk factors. These will contribute to development of new approaches to treat and prevent mastitis by MPEC and perhaps other mammary pathogens. The use of antibiotics in farm animals and specifically to treat mastitis is gradually precluded and thus new treatment and prevention strategies are needed. Effective mastitis vaccines are currently not available, structural components and effectors of T6SS might be new targets for the development of novel vaccines and therapeutics.