Journal articles: 'Environmental policy – Zambia'

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HOLDEN, STEIN T., BEKELE SHIFERAW, and METTE WIK. "Poverty, market imperfections and time preferences: of relevance for environmental policy?" Environment and Development Economics 3, no. 1 (February 1998): 105–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x98000060.

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Rates of time preference (RTPs) of rural households in Indonesia, Zambia and Ethiopia have been measured using hypothetical questions about preferences for current versus future consumption. In general, the rates were found to be very high. Factors influencing or correlated with the personal rates of time preference were investigated through regression methods. OLS was the technique used in the estimation. Market imperfections, particularly in credit and insurance markets lead to variation in RTPs. Poverty in assets, or cash liquidity constraints, was leading to or correlated with higher rates of time preference. The poor are, therefore, less likely to invest in environmental conservation. In Zambia, independent estimates of risk preferences were made. More risk-averse people tended to have lower RTPs. The results support the hypothesis that poverty and/or liquidity scarcity lead to high RTPs. Poverty reduction may thus reduce the RTPs of the poor and reduce the 'intertemporal externality' due to high RTPs. The high average RTPs indicate, however, that complementary policies may be needed to ensure sufficient levels of investment in conservation. Another logical implication is that institutionalization of private property rights may not be a sufficient tool to initiate sustainable resource management.

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Lagarde, Mylene, Helene Barroy, and Natasha Palmer. "Assessing the Effects of Removing User Fees in Zambia and Niger." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 17, no. 1 (January 2012): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/jhsrp.2011.010166.

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Objectives This study aims to overcome some of the limitations of previous studies investigating the effects of fee removal, by looking at heterogeneity of effects within countries and over time, as well as the existence of spillover effects on groups not targeted by the policy change. Methods Using routine district health services data before and after recent abolitions of user charges in Zambia and Niger, we examine the effects of the policy change on the use of health services by different groups and over time, using an interrupted timeseries design. Results Removing user fees for primary health care services in rural districts in Zambia and for children over five years old in Niger increased use of services by the targeted groups. The impact of the policy change differed widely across districts, ranging from 112% and 1194% in Niger to 239% and 1108% in Zambia. Eighteen months after the policy change, some of these effects had been eroded. There was evidence that abolishing user fees can both have positive and negative spillover effects. Conclusion These results highlight the importance of paying attention to implementation challenges and monitoring the effects of policy reforms which are often more mixed and complicated that they appear. The comparison of these reforms in two countries also sheds light on the potentially different ways in which free care can be used as a tool to improve access.

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Choongo, Progress, Leo Jasper Paas, Enno Masurel, Elco van Burg, and John Lungu. "Entrepreneurs’ personal values and CSR orientations: evidence from SMEs in Zambia." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 26, no. 4 (August 15, 2019): 545–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsbed-02-2017-0080.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between entrepreneurs’ personal values and corporate social responsibility (CSR) orientations among small- and medium-sized enterprises in a developing country, Zambia. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected through questionnaires. Two linear regression models were used to test the hypotheses. Findings Self-transcendence values have a significant positive influence on socially oriented CSR but do not influence environmentally oriented CSR. Self-enhancement values do not affect social and environmental CSR orientations. Conservation values have a marginally positive influence on environmentally oriented CSR but no influence on socially oriented CSR. Finally, openness to change has a significant positive influence on environmentally orientated CSR but no influence on socially oriented CSR. Research limitations/implications The limitations of this study relates to the sector from which the sample was drawn, other predictors of CSR orientations, use of cross-sectional data, and the replication of this study to validate its findings. Practical implications The findings inform policy-makers, scholars, educators, and regulators on the importance of aligning personal values with environmental and social concerns, thereby influencing entrepreneurs’ CSR orientations for the well-being of society and the natural environment. Originality/value This paper shows the influence of personal values on CSR orientations among entrepreneurs in a hardly researched Sub-Saharan Africa country.

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Mwanang'ono, Mulambwa. "Proposed Synergies between Indigenous and Modern Systems of Environmental Education in Addressing Development Planning in Zambia." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 87–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.367.

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The study drew inspiration from the need to counteract the ensuing failures of modern systems in addressing development challenges especially at local level despite several efforts by government to invest resources in poverty reduction and general developmental interventions. The study identified the alienation of indigenous knowledge systems in the mainstream modern systems of Environmental Education (EE) and development planning as a compounding problem that accounted for development stagnation in the communities. This alienation created the gap in knowledge since modern systems were generally found to be inadequate in addressing developmental issues, particularly at a local level. The lack of local relevance of most modern systems justified the call for integration of indigenous systems. The study focused on the need to establish linkages between the modern and indigenous systems of environmental education and their influence on development planning in Zambia. In so doing, the study proposed an approach to remedy the alienation of indigenous systems in the mainstream processes of EE and development planning by suggesting a synergy between the two systems. The study involved an assessment of some inherent policies, strategies, processes, methodologies and perceptions about EE and development planning. It, therefore, largely dealt with non- concrete ideas to which the reader is introduced. This point is crucial in appreciating the main orientation of the study. Descriptive research design was applied with qualitative approaches. The respondents were purposively sampled and included government officers and other modern experts, NGOs, and traditional leaders. A comparative analysis of modern systems was further made through a global dimension where the Zambian modern system and that of selected foreign countries, Germany and Montenegro were reviewed. The study established that the approaches applied in environmental education and general nature conservation were related to the country’s guiding principles which also reflected the overall vision, where it existed. Furthermore, a number of environmental policy instruments were examined and the following were identified as the main instruments: Direct regulation, Indirect regulation, Self-regulation, and A combination of the above instruments. Proposed Synergies Between Indigenous and Modern Systems of Environmental Education From the study results, differences in perceptions of and approaches to environmental education were evident at both country and individual levels. For instance, while in Zambia, environmental education was a school subject, in Germany it was not but its ideals were generally incorporated in the teaching of all subjects. In Montenegro, too, there was no school subject called environmental education but the concept had greatly influenced the school curriculum such that emphasis was put on environmental content in all the subjects, focusing more on human-nature relationships. The study also showed that direct regulation had been prioritised in Zambia compared to self-regulation and this had a bearing on public participation in development decision-making processes which are largely carried out in the planning cycles. Varying perceptions were also identified at individual level among the modern experts interviewed both in Zambia and those from other countries. However, existing opportunities for synergy formulation at all levels were identified and based on these a synergy was suggested. Arising from the above observations the study recommended, among other things, that the modern systems should adopt a broadened approach that promotes direct contact with nature from a multi-dimensional perspective. This would also call for curriculum and planning systems review to create an enabling education policy and planning framework that would provide practical support to such an approach. The promotion of culture, which was identified as a storage device for indigenous knowledge, was also recommended to be prioritised.

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Verelst, Bram. "Managing inequality: the political ecology of a small-scale fishery, Mweru-Luapula, Zambia." Journal of Political Ecology 20, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v20i1.21744.

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This paper starts from the perspective that resource management approaches are based upon a body of environmental knowledge. By analysing fisheries management in Mweru-Luapula, Zambia, I argue that this body of environmental knowledge has 1) remained largely unchanged throughout the recent shift to co-management and 2) is to a great extent based upon general paradigmatic conventions with regard to common property regimes. The article outlines the historical trajectories of both resource management and the political ecology of Mweru-Luapula's fishing economy. Using a relational perspective – by looking at interaction of the local fishing economy with external developments, but also by examining socioeconomic relations between individual actors – this article exposes constraints and incentives within the local fishing economy that are not absorbed in the current co-management regime. These findings challenge both policy goals and community-based resource management itself. I argue that governance of small-scale fisheries – in order to close the gap between locally based understandings, policy and legislation – should always be built upon all dimensions (social, economic, ecological, and political) that define a fisheries system.Keywords: co-management, common-property resource management, political ecology, Mweru-Luapula fishery, Zambia.

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Kango, M., and K. S. Baboo. "Does the consent of the patients have a role to play in formulating a treatment policy?" Tropical Doctor 38, no. 1 (January 2008): 56–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/td.2006.006340.

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Zambia recently changed its treatment policy for malaria from the failing chloroquine to the more effective artemisinin combination therapy (ACT). A study was conducted to find out if the community accepted the new treatment policy, as a prediction of its success. Following high levels of acceptability, it was not surprising to see high levels of compliance and subsequent reduction in cases of severe malaria and deaths.

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Imasiku, Katundu, Valerie M. Thomas, and Etienne Ntagwirumugara. "Unpacking Ecological Stress from Economic Activities for Sustainability and Resource Optimization in Sub-Saharan Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 26, 2020): 3538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093538.

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Most sub-Saharan African (SSA) nations are governed by traditional economic models of using varied varieties of capital (including human), technological and natural approaches to supply goods and services. This has undoubtedly led to annual economic growth of about 3.2% in several African nations and higher per capita income as some of the major benefits, which have improved the standards of living and social wellbeing but conjointly have led to environmental degradation. In response to the environmental degradation problem, while benchmarking against international policies, this article evaluates approaches to economic development, environmental management, and energy production in the context of climate change. Case studies consider the mine-dependent nations of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and the agriculture-dependent nation of Rwanda. In Zambia and DRC, energy efficiency in the mining and metals industries could increase the electrification rate in Zambia and DRC by up to 50%. Additional industrial utilization of solar or wind energy is key to a stable energy supply, economic development and environmental protection. In Rwanda, population growth and land constraints point to economic growth and agricultural improvements as the key to sustainability and sustainable development. These case studies emphasize resource optimization, energy efficiency, renewable energy deployment, strategies to reduce biodiversity loss and environmental degradation, and the improvement of social wellbeing for both present and future generations to achieve an ecologically enhanced sub-Saharan Africa.

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Merrett, Stephen. "Catchment water deficits: an application to Zambia's Kafue river basin." Water Policy 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2006): 339–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2006.046.

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In an article in Water Policy (Merrett, Water Policy 7(2), 2005), the author presented a general theory on the likelihood of catchments moving from surplus to deficit in terms of their precipitation's adequacy to meet social, economic and environmental flows. The paper called for networked, international research to test the general theory and its causal hypotheses. The paper presented below applies the theory to the Kafue Basin in Zambia and suggests that understanding river basin surpluses and deficits requires the analysis of various measures of catchment density.

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Mubanga, Fiona Chisanga, and Bridget Bwalya Umar. "Environmental discounting behaviour of smallholder farmers in Chibombo District, Central Zambia." Land Use Policy 95 (June 2020): 104551. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104551.

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Pillai, Vijayan K., and Donald L. Yates. "Teenage sexual activity in Zambia: the need for a sex education policy." Journal of Biosocial Science 25, no. 3 (July 1993): 411–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932000020733.

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SummaryData from a study of teenage sexual activity among secondary school girls show the need for a sex education policy as a first step in controlling teenage fertility in Zambia. A large proportion of teenage females enter into close relationships with males at young ages and a high proportion of young females have engaged in sexual intercourse. Most of these sexually active females do not use family planning methods even though a large proportion of them have heard of modern methods. The teenagers receive very little sex education from their parents and a modern institutional sex education programme is needed.

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Siaminwe, Levy, Kazhila C. Chinsembu, and Michelo Syakalima. "Policy and operational constraints for the implementation of cleaner production in Zambia." Journal of Cleaner Production 13, no. 10-11 (August 2005): 1037–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2004.12.005.

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NKHATA, BIMO A., and CHARLES M. BREEN. "Performance of community-based natural resource governance for the Kafue Flats (Zambia)." Environmental Conservation 37, no. 3 (August 12, 2010): 296–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000585.

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SUMMARYThe performance obstacles surrounding community-based natural resource management (CBNRM) in southern Africa have much to do with understanding of environmental governance systems and how these are devolved. CBNRM appears to be failing because of flawed environmental governance systems compounded by their ineffective devolution. A case study in Zambia is used to illustrate why and how one CBNRM scheme for the most part faltered. It draws on practical experiences involving the devolution of decision-making and benefit-distribution processes on a floodplain wetland known as the Kafue Flats. While this CBNRM scheme was designed to facilitate the devolution of key components of an environmental governance system, the resultant efforts were largely unsuccessful because of the poor social relationships between government actors and local rural communities. It is argued that in Zambia, at least from an environmental governance system perspective, CBNRM has mostly failed. While generally bringing some marginal improvements to local communities, the construction and execution of an effective environmental governance system have been largely flawed.

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Waldman, Kurt B., Noemi Vergopolan, Shahzeen Z. Attari, Justin Sheffield, Lyndon D. Estes, Kelly K. Caylor, and Tom P. Evans. "Cognitive Biases about Climate Variability in Smallholder Farming Systems in Zambia." Weather, Climate, and Society 11, no. 2 (March 29, 2019): 369–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/wcas-d-18-0050.1.

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Abstract Given the varying manifestations of climate change over time and the influence of climate perceptions on adaptation, it is important to understand whether farmer perceptions match patterns of environmental change from observational data. We use a combination of social and environmental data to understand farmer perceptions related to rainy season onset. Household surveys were conducted with 1171 farmers across Zambia at the end of the 2015/16 growing season eliciting their perceptions of historic changes in rainy season onset and their heuristics about when rain onset occurs. We compare farmers’ perceptions with satellite-gauge-derived rainfall data from the Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station dataset and hyper-resolution soil moisture estimates from the HydroBlocks land surface model. We find evidence of a cognitive bias, where farmers perceive the rains to be arriving later, although the physical data do not wholly support this. We also find that farmers’ heuristics about rainy season onset influence maize planting dates, a key determinant of maize yield and food security in sub-Saharan Africa. Our findings suggest that policy makers should focus more on current climate variability than future climate change.

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Mulenga, Chipasha. "Judicial Mandate in Safeguarding Environmental Rights from the Adverse Effects of Mining Activities in Zambia." Potchefstroom Electronic Law Journal 22 (April 23, 2019): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/1727-3781/2019/v22i0a5414.

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The protection of the environment from the effects of mining activities, though cardinal, has been a daunting task in Zambia. A polluted environment affects the rights of those who depend on a clean one for their survival. In remedying the pollution caused by mining activities, numerous legislative and policy frameworks have been put in place and institutions responsible for ensuring compliance operationalised. Notwithstanding such interventions, the problem of pollution emanating from mining activities has persisted. This has led individuals and spirited non-governmental organisations to bring legal actions firstly against erring mining companies for their failure to comply with environmental regulations, and secondly against the government for its failure to ensure compliance by the mining companies. The courts before whom such matters have been brought have seemingly prioritised the supposed development brought by investment in the mining sector over the environmental rights of those whose livelihood is anchored in a clean environment. The article underscores the mandate of the courts in safeguarding the environmental rights of persons whose survival is dependent on a clean environment. In doing so the article critically examines the cases which have come before the courts and how these cases have been dealt with in relation to the protection of the environment and ultimately an individual's environmental rights.

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Mubanga, Raphael O., and Kwaku Kwarteng. "A comparative evaluation of the environmental impact assessment legislation of South Africa and Zambia." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 83 (July 2020): 106401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106401.

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Hampwaye, Godfrey, Etienne Nel, and Christian M. Rogerson. "Urban Agriculture as Local Initiative in Lusaka, Zambia." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 25, no. 4 (August 2007): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c7p.

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The topic of urban agriculture has, for a significant period of time, been recognized as a key facet of urban survival in the cities in the South. While it normally forms part of multilivelihood strategies and its overall significance is the subject of some debate, it nonetheless is an important feature of both urban landscapes and urban survival. This paper examines the current status quo of urban agriculture in Lusaka, the capital of Zambia. Structural adjustment and downscaling of the key copper mining sector seems to have forced more people into various informal survival strategies, including urban agriculture. Despite the apparent growing significance of urban agriculture, as illustrated by significant recent vegetation clearances around the city, official policy remains ambivalent and it has not been adequately supported or catered for in urban planning. While it remains officially illegal, controls are seldom enforced and urban farmers persist with what is a key household survival strategy under trying circumstances.

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Karban, Kate, Annel Bowa, Edward Mbewe, Rose Ngandu, Sarah Patrick, Bill Penson, and Byrony Walker. "Scaling Up Mental Health Services in Zambia." International Journal of Mental Health 42, no. 2-3 (July 2013): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2753/imh0020-7411420204.

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Lissin, Polina, Arnold Hamapa, Misaki Kobayashi, Joshua Smith-Sreen, Lauren Etter, Rachel Pieciak, Euphrasia Mukuka, et al. "Relative advantages and compatibility of a biometric patient identification tool in Zambia: a qualitative analysis." Gates Open Research 5 (July 15, 2021): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/gatesopenres.13265.1.

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Background: The Scanning Ears for Child Health (SEARCH) system is a biometric patient identification tool which uses a pattern recognition algorithm to translate an image of the ear into a unique identifier. If integrated into an electronic medical records (EMR) system, it would provide a patient identification solution that replaces unreliable paper, under-five card (UFC), or number-based identifiers. This study aims to understand the relative advantage of the biometric system, the sociocultural and pragmatic compatibility, and the extent of UFC deterioration over time. Methods: Interviews on impressions of the novel biometric patient identification tool were conducted in urban and rural settings in Zambia. Focus group discussions included 59 participants and key informant interviews included 5 healthcare workers and 2 government officials. Transcripts were coded into thematic categories for analysis. We sought to understand 1) the perceived relative advantage of a biometric system over the traditional UFCs among Zambian mothers, 2) the perceived sociocultural compatibility of a biometric system in the healthcare setting, and 3) pragmatic compatibility of the proposed system. Results: We found that the current UFC system presents issues for continuity of care and quality of data management, therefore posing disadvantages relative to the proposed system. Sociocultural and pragmatic barriers to acceptance included the existing fear of Satanism and electrical power issues throughout Zambia. Mothers and healthcare workers expressed that adoption of the biometric system could be successful given efforts to sensitize the community. Conclusions: Switching to an EMR backed by biometric identification would fill a critical gap in Zambian healthcare information systems and has numerous perceived advantages in both urban and rural settings. We determine that strategies for implementation should be localized, context informed, and conducted by trusted community members with knowledge of best approaches to diffusing information and a deep understanding of the novel biometric system.

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Gow, Jeff, Gavin George, Given Mutinta, Sylvia Mwamba, and Lutungu Ingombe. "Health worker shortages in Zambia: An assessment of government responses." Journal of Public Health Policy 32, no. 4 (August 18, 2011): 476–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.41.

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Adedimeji, Adebola, Oliver Malokota, and Ogenna Manafa. "Implementing antiretroviral therapy programs in resource-constrained settings: Lessons from Monze, Zambia." Journal of Public Health Policy 32, no. 2 (March 3, 2011): 198–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2011.4.

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Varvastian, Samvel, and Felicity Kalunga. "Transnational Corporate Liability for Environmental Damage and Climate Change: Reassessing Access to Justice after Vedanta v. Lungowe." Transnational Environmental Law 9, no. 2 (May 15, 2020): 323–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102520000138.

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AbstractOn 10 April 2019 the Supreme Court of the United Kingdom delivered judgment in the case of Vedanta v. Lungowe, which concerned the liability of an English company for environmental damage caused by its subsidiary in Zambia. The decision confirms that English parent companies can owe a duty of care to foreign claimants affected by operations of their subsidiaries abroad and that the English courts may have jurisdiction to hear such cases, even when a foreign court is a more appropriate place for the trial. It establishes an important precedent for providing access to justice for foreign claimants in transnational corporate liability litigation. Given the global presence of English companies and the fact that their foreign subsidiaries have been involved in multiple cases of environmental damage in the host states, the decision could give an impetus to future claims being brought in the English courts. Also, the decision opens some interesting possibilities for climate change liability litigation against English parent companies and their foreign subsidiaries, as their cumulative greenhouse gas emissions are likely to be considerably higher than when taken separately, arguably making prospective claims against them more viable.

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Lubinda, Jailos, Yaxin Bi, Busiku Hamainza, Ubydul Haque, and Adrian J. Moore. "Modelling of malaria risk, rates, and trends: A spatiotemporal approach for identifying and targeting sub-national areas of high and low burden." PLOS Computational Biology 17, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): e1008669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1008669.

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While mortality from malaria continues to decline globally, incidence rates in many countries are rising. Within countries, spatial and temporal patterns of malaria vary across communities due to many different physical and social environmental factors. To identify those areas most suitable for malaria elimination or targeted control interventions, we used Bayesian models to estimate the spatiotemporal variation of malaria risk, rates, and trends to determine areas of high or low malaria burden compared to their geographical neighbours. We present a methodology using Bayesian hierarchical models with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based inference to fit a generalised linear mixed model with a conditional autoregressive structure. We modelled clusters of similar spatiotemporal trends in malaria risk, using trend functions with constrained shapes and visualised high and low burden districts using a multi-criterion index derived by combining spatiotemporal risk, rates and trends of districts in Zambia. Our results indicate that over 3 million people in Zambia live in high-burden districts with either high mortality burden or high incidence burden coupled with an increasing trend over 16 years (2000 to 2015) for all age, under-five and over-five cohorts. Approximately 1.6 million people live in high-incidence burden areas alone. Using our method, we have developed a platform that can enable malaria programs in countries like Zambia to target those high-burden areas with intensive control measures while at the same time pursue malaria elimination efforts in all other areas. Our method enhances conventional approaches and measures to identify those districts which had higher rates and increasing trends and risk. This study provides a method and a means that can help policy makers evaluate intervention impact over time and adopt appropriate geographically targeted strategies that address the issues of both high-burden areas, through intensive control approaches, and low-burden areas, via specific elimination programs.

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Shiroya, Veronica, Naonga Shawa, Beatrice Matanje, John Haloka, Elvis Safary, Chikondi Nkhweliwa, Olaf Mueller, Sam Phiri, Florian Neuhann, and Andreas Deckert. "Reorienting Primary Health Care Services for Non-Communicable Diseases: A Comparative Preparedness Assessment of Two Healthcare Networks in Malawi and Zambia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 9 (May 10, 2021): 5044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18095044.

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Despite positive NCD policies in recent years, majority of Sub-Saharan African (SSA) health systems are inadequately prepared to deliver comprehensive first-line care for NCDs. Primary health care (PHC) settings in countries like Malawi and Zambia could be a doorway to effectively manage NCDs by moving away from delivering only episodic care to providing an integrated approach over time. As part of a collaborative health system strengthening project, we assessed and compared the preparedness and operational capacity of two target networks of public PHC settings in Lilongwe (Malawi) and Lusaka (Zambia) to integrate NCD services within routine service delivery. Data was collected and analyzed using validated health facility survey tools. These baseline assessments conducted between August 2018 and March 2019, also included interviews with 20 on-site health personnel and focal persons, who described existing barriers in delivering NCD services. In both countries, policy directives to decentralize disease-specific NCD services to the primary care level were initiated to meet increased demand but lacked operational guidance. In general, the assessed PHC sites were inadequately prepared to integrate NCDs into various service delivery domains, thus requiring further support. In spite of existing multi-faceted limitations, there was motivation among healthcare staff to provide NCD services.

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Ngoma-Hazemba, Alice, and Busisiwe Purity Ncama. "Analysis of experiences with exclusive breastfeeding among HIV-positive mothers in Lusaka, Zambia." Global Health Action 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2016): 32362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/gha.v9.32362.

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Mushinge, D. K. "PAM4 SOCIOECONOMIC DIFFERENTIALS OF CHILD STUNTING IN RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF ZAMBIA." Value in Health 23 (May 2020): S10—S11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2020.04.057.

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Mwamba, C., A. D. Kerkhoff, M. Kagujje, P. Lungu, M. Muyoyeta, and A. Sharma. "Diagnosed with TB in the era of COVID-19: patient perspectives in Zambia." Public Health Action 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 141–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0053.

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Introduction: Delayed TB diagnosis and treatment perpetuate the high burden of TB-related morbidity and mortality in resource-constrained settings. We explored the potential of COVID-19 to further compromise TB care engagement in Zambia.Methods: From April to May 2020, we purposefully selected 17 adults newly diagnosed with TB from three public health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia, for in-depth phone interviews. We conducted thematic analyses using a hybrid approach.Results: The majority of participants were highly concerned about the impact of lockdowns on their financial security. Most were not worried about being diagnosed with COVID-19 when seeking care for their illness because they felt unwell prior to the outbreak; however, they were very worried about contracting COVID-19 during clinic visits. COVID-19 was perceived as a greater threat than TB as it is highly transmittable and there is no treatment for it, which provoked fear of social isolation and of death among participants in case they contracted it. Nonetheless, participants reported willingness to continue with TB medication and the clinic visits required to improve their health.Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic did not appear to deter care-seeking for TB by patients. However, messaging on TB in the era of COVID-19 must encourage timely care-seeking by informing people of infection control measures taken at health facilities.

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Kuntashula, Elias, and Eric Mungatana. "Understanding the Trade-Offs Between Environmental Service Provision through Improved Fallows and Private Welfare Using Stated Preference Approach: A Case Study in Chongwe - Zambia." Sustainable Agriculture Research 5, no. 3 (June 29, 2016): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/sar.v5n3p124.

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The trade-offs between environmental service (ES) provision through the uptake of improved fallows and private farmer welfare losses have rarely been evaluated. Unlike inorganic fertiliser, improved fallows provide ES in addition to improving the soil fertility. This study used contingent valuation methodologies to evaluate willingness to provide ES through improved fallows among 324 farmers in Chongwe district of Zambia. Given scenarios that improved fallows, unlike inorganic fertiliser, help in mitigating soil erosion and water pollution, more than 70% of the farmers were willing to supply these services through the technology. The willingness to be pro-fertiliser oriented was positively associated with cropped land sizes and soil fertility challenges and negatively associated with total farm size. In addition, for users of improved fallows, increases in per capita income increased the probability of willingness to embrace fertiliser. Group membership decreased the probability for the users’ willingness to embrace fertiliser. For the non-users, the probability of joining the association that would ensure blockage of an improved fallow policy decreased with maize productivity. For the few farmers, there was no significant difference in the willingness to pay (WTP) (t = 1.546, p = 0.136) to ensure availability of fertiliser or blocking a policy compelling uptake of improved fallows between the users (WTP = K1, 050,000, US$1 = K5, 000) and non-users (WTP= K1, 380,000) of the technology. The trade-off between ES provisions through improved fallows and loss in immediate private welfare by not embracing fertiliser was similar across the technology’ users divide. Therefore a payment for environmental services policy could target the farmers as a homogenous group.

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Bergersen, Ane, and Gistered Muleya. "Zambian Civic Education Teacher Students in Norway for a Year—How Do They Describe Their Transformative Learning?" Sustainability 11, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 7143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11247143.

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Through 10 years of cooperation between the University of Zambia and the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, 24 students of Civic Education (Social Sciences) from the University of Zambia had an opportunity to travel to Norway to have a different learning experience of Civic Education. In this study, we sought through qualitative questionnaires and interviews to understand how the former Civic Education teacher students describe their experiences and received benefits during the 10 months they spent at the Western Norway University of Applied Sciences. The study established that transformative learning takes time, but of paramount importance was that the students were able to critically reflect and act as change-makers at an individual, school, and/or society level. The study also noted that international student mobility can increase students’ transformative learning under certain conditions. Therefore, our study concludes that crucial factors for transformative learning consist of the combination of cultural mentoring, teaching practice, critical discussions, and critical theories. Additionally, the study notes that reframing our perspectives as learners, teachers, and researchers can lead to increased awareness of moral imperatives for satisfying human needs, ensuring social justice and respecting environmental limits as citizens in a global world.

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FAXELID, E., B. M. AHLBERG, S. FREUDENTHAL, J. NDULOS, and I. KRANTZ. "Quality of STD Care in Zambia. Impact of Training in STD Management." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 9, no. 5 (1997): 361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/9.5.361.

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Mumba, Moses, and Abdi-Khalil Edriss. "Determinants and Change in Total Factor Productivity of Smallholder Maize Production in Southern Zambia." Journal of Sustainable Development 11, no. 6 (November 29, 2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n6p170.

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Smallholder maize production in Zambia has been characterised by low productivity despite concerted efforts at improving the situation as is evident in budgetary allocations to programmes such as the Farmer Input Support Programme (FISP). The study assessed if there was a change in total factor productivity (TFP) in smallholder maize production in Southern Province of Zambia between the 2010/11 and 2013/14 agricultural seasons. Using a balanced panel of 778 smallholder farmers, a Stochastic Frontier Analysis was used to estimate the Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) in measuring the productivity change in maize production. The change in TFP was further decomposed into its components, efficiency change (EC) and technical change (TC) so as to understand more on the change in productivity. It was found that over the period of study, the mean EC was 0.8734, implying that technical efficiency (TE) had declined by 12.7 % with the mean TFP of 0.9401, indicating that over the study period TFP had fallen by 5.99 %. The results further showed that the age of the farmer, education of the farmer, household size, membership to a farmer organization, ownership of cattle, access to credit, and drought stress were significant (ρ<0.05) factors in explaining TFP. In light of the findings, some recommendations were made for policy including the need to facilitate farmers’ access to credit, sensitize farmers on the benefits of belonging to farmer organizations, on ownership of livestock such as cattle and for massive investment in irrigation infrastructure.

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Jackson, Amy, Birger Forsberg, Collins Chansa, and Jesper Sundewall. "Responding to aid volatility: government spending on district health care in Zambia 2006–2017." Global Health Action 13, no. 1 (February 19, 2020): 1724672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2020.1724672.

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Mukanu, Mulenga M., Safura Abdool Karim, Karen Hofman, Agnes Erzse, and Anne-Marie Thow. "Nutrition related non-communicable diseases and sugar sweetened beverage policies: a landscape analysis in Zambia." Global Health Action 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1872172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2021.1872172.

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Lahme, Anne Mutunda, Ruth Stern, and Diane Cooper. "Factors impacting on menstrual hygiene and their implications for health promotion." Global Health Promotion 25, no. 1 (July 5, 2016): 54–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1757975916648301.

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Background: In the lives of women, puberty is marked by the onset of menarche. From this stage onwards until menopause, reproductive health and menstrual hygiene are important aspects of women’s lives. In Zambia’s Western Province, the natural process of menstruation is a taboo and dealt with secretly. Information and knowledge about menstruation and menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls is inadequate. This paper explores the factors influencing the understanding, experiences and practices of menstrual hygiene among adolescent girls in Mongu District, Western Province of Zambia. Methods: An explorative study design was used by means of six focus group discussions conducted with 51 respondents, aged 13–20 years, from three secondary schools. Their age at menarche was 11–15. For data analysis thematic content analysis was used. Results: The paper shows that the girls suffer from poor menstrual hygiene, originating from lack of knowledge, culture and tradition, and socio-economic and environmental constraints, leading to inconveniences, humiliation and stress. This leads to reduced school attendance and poor academic performance, or even drop outs, and ultimately infringes upon the girls’ human rights. Conclusion: To address these shortcomings, a ‘super setting approach’ is recommended, in which a Health Promoting School could improve the girls’ individual and group needs, and a community setting which would address the broader socio-economic, cultural and environmental conditions. This would enable creating a supportive environment for the girls to manage their periods. To successfully utilize the approach, all stakeholders (parents, teachers, children, governments and communities) should cooperate to generate context-specific solutions for creating safe menstrual care, and better and dignified conditions for adolescent girls. Therefore, this calls for comprehensive, strident advocacy for policy changes at national level, and mediation and involvement at community level.

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Ahlgren, Mathilda, Tjede Funk, Clemence Marimo, Charlotte Ndiaye, and Tobias Alfvén. "Management of noma: practice competence and knowledge among healthcare workers in a rural district of Zambia." Global Health Action 10, no. 1 (January 2017): 1340253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1340253.

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Lavender, Tina, Carol Bedwell, Chowa Tembo Kasengele, Debora Kimaro, Flora Kuzenza, Kutemba Lyangenda, Tracey A. Mills, et al. "Respectful care an added extra: a grounded theory study exploring intrapartum experiences in Zambia and Tanzania." BMJ Global Health 6, no. 4 (April 2021): e004725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-004725.

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BackgroundQuality of maternal and newborn care is integral to positive clinical, social and psychological outcomes. Respectful care is an important component of this but is suboptimum in many low-income settings. A renewed energy among health professionals and academics is driving an international agenda to eradicate disrespectful health facility care around the globe. However, few studies have explored respectful care from different vantage points.MethodsWe used Strauss and Corbin’s grounded theory methodology to explore intrapartum experiences in Tanzania and Zambia. In-depth interviews were conducted with 98 participants (48 women, 18 partners, 21 health-providers and 11 key stakeholders), resulting in data saturation. Analysis involved constant comparison, comprising three stages of coding: open, axial and selective. The process involved application of memos, reflexivity and positionality.ResultsFindings demonstrated that direct and indirect social discrimination led to inequity of care. Health-providers were believed to display manipulative behaviours to orchestrate situations for their own or the woman’s benefit, and were often caring against the odds, in challenging environments. Emergent categories were related to the core category: respectful care, an added extra, which reflects the notion that women did not always expect or receive respectful care, and tolerated poor experiences to obtain services believed to benefit them or their babies. Respectful care was not seen as a component of good quality care, but a luxury that only some receive.ConclusionBoth quality of care and respectful care were valued but were not viewed as mutually inclusive. Good quality treatment (transactional care) was often juxtaposed with disrespectful care; with relational care having a lower status among women and healthcare providers. To readdress the balance, respectful care should be a predominant theme in training programmes, policies and audits. Women’s and health-provider voices are pivotal to the development of such interventions.

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Blekking, Jordan, Kurt B. Waldman, and Tom Evans. "Hybrid-maize seed certification and smallholder adoption in Zambia." Journal of Environmental Planning and Management 64, no. 2 (July 13, 2020): 359–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2020.1764342.

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Simwanda, Matamyo, Yuji Murayama, Darius Phiri, Vincent R. Nyirenda, and Manjula Ranagalage. "Simulating Scenarios of Future Intra-Urban Land-Use Expansion Based on the Neural Network–Markov Model: A Case Study of Lusaka, Zambia." Remote Sensing 13, no. 5 (March 3, 2021): 942. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13050942.

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Forecasting scenarios of future intra-urban land-use (intra-urban-LU) expansion can help to curb the historically unplanned urbanization in cities in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) and promote urban sustainability. In this study, we applied the neural network–Markov model to simulate scenarios of future intra-urban-LU expansion in Lusaka city, Zambia. Data derived from remote sensing (RS) and geographic information system (GIS) techniques including urban-LU maps (from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015) and selected driver variables, were used to calibrate and validate the model. We then simulated urban-LU expansion for three scenarios (business as usual/status quo, environmental conservation and protection, and strategic urban planning) to explore alternatives for attaining urban sustainability by 2030. The results revealed that Lusaka had experienced rapid urban expansion dominated by informal settlements. Scenario analysis results suggest that a business-as-usual setup is perilous, as it signals an escalating problem of unplanned settlements. The environmental conservation and protection scenario is insufficient, as most of the green spaces and forests have been depleted. The strategic urban planning scenario has the potential for attaining urban sustainability, as it predicts sufficient control of unplanned settlement expansion and protection of green spaces and forests. The study proffers guidance for strategic policy directions and creating a planning vision.

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Loeb, Mitchell E., Arne H. Eide, and Daniel Mont. "Approaching the measurement of disability prevalence: The case of Zambia." Alter 2, no. 1 (January 2008): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.alter.2007.06.001.

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Mwamba, Jonathan Simbeya. "Analysis of Space Manipulation in an Informal Urban Settlement: The Case of Ng’ombe in Lusaka, Zambia." International Journal of Social Science Studies 8, no. 6 (October 9, 2020): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v8i6.4971.

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Urban informality remains a consistent challenge and matter of debate by planners and policymakers in the urbanising cities of sub-Saharan Africa. A common manifestation of urban informality in African cities is the sprawling informal settlements that constitute the only available housing option for the majority of the urban poor. The analysis of informal urban settlement’s environmental composition, physical modelling and socio-economic and policy analysis have been areas of recent study. However there is limited literature on how the urban poor communities in Zambia manipulate their social, spatial and economic environments to meet their needs. This article seeks to broaden the knowledge base on the way informal urban settlement communities manipulate their urban space. The built environment provides the setting for human interaction and the explanatory theory of Environment-Behaviour Relations provides a suitable analytical framework for the identification of useful parameters for developing future settlement interventions. The study employs a case study method of research to analyse the informal urban settlement settings. Ng’ombe, a peri-urban informal settlement in Lusaka, Zambia is the case study location for this research. Analysis of social, spatial and economic environment at neighbourhood level provides vital information about the informal urban settlement conditions. The study in particular addresses the question of how the social-spatial circumstances of the informal urban population in the developing world influence and defines their built environment. The study shows that systems of settings and system of activities in Ng’ombe offer a suitable analytical framework for studying the settlement characteristics that can guide in formulating strategies for settlement regularisation. Residents devise means of adapting and manipulating their informal urban space to suit their immediate needs and they also devise livelihood coping strategies in the midst of their informal settings. The paper likewise contributes to the growing body of knowledge in urban informality.

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Daka, S., Y. Matsuoka, M. Ota, S. Hirao, and A. Phiri. "Re-evaluated treatment outcomes of bacteriologically positive TB patients registered at a clinic in Lusaka, Zambia in 2018." Public Health Action 11, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0059.

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SETTING: An urban TB diagnostic centre in Lusaka, Zambia.OBJECTIVE: To re-evaluate treatment outcomes of all bacteriologically confirmed TB patients registered in 2018.DESIGN: This was a retrospective cohort study on TB patients. Treatment outcomes of patients who were transferred out were retrieved.RESULTS: A total of 182 patients were registered, 26 of whom had missing documents; these were excluded from the study. Of the remaining 156 patients who were reviewed, 86 (55.1%) were correctly evaluated by the centre, 35 (22.4%) were incorrectly evaluated and 35 (22.4%) were ‘transferred out’ (not evaluated). As a result of this review, the number of evaluated patients increased from 86 (55.1%) to 150 (96.2%). The cure and treatment success rates rose from 43.6% and 44.2%, respectively, to 57.7% and 73.1%, respectively. Of note, 14 of the 35 patients who were initially declared ‘transferred out’ did not actually reach their treatment facilities and ended up being lost to follow-up.CONCLUSION: This study shows that it is possible to evaluate almost all TB patients. Re-evaluation of treatment outcomes of TB patients revealed the problems in the TB services that need to be improved in the future.

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Banda, Emmanuel, Joar Svanemyr, Ingvild Fossgard Sandøy, Isabel Goicolea, and Joseph Mumba Zulu. "Acceptability of an economic support component to reduce early pregnancy and school dropout in Zambia: a qualitative case study." Global Health Action 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1685808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1685808.

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Mwape, Lonia, Alice Sikwese, Augustus Kapungwe, Jason Mwanza, Alan Flisher, Crick Lund, and Sara Cooper. "Integrating mental health into primary health care in Zambia: a care provider's perspective." International Journal of Mental Health Systems 4, no. 1 (2010): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1752-4458-4-21.

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Edward, A., H. Zare, S. Malama, and C. Bowles. "ISQUA17-3007ADVANCING PATIENT CENTERED CARE THROUGH SOCIAL AUDIT MECHANISMS IN RURAL ZAMBIA: EVIDENCE ON PEDIATRIC QUALITY OF CARE." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 29, suppl_1 (September 2017): 21–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzx125.31.

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McCartney, M. P., and H. A. Houghton-Carr. "A Modelling Approach to Assess Inter-Sectoral Competition for Water Resources in the Kafue Flats, Zambia." Water and Environment Journal 12, no. 2 (April 1998): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00157.x.

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Imasiku, Katundu, and Valerie M. Thomas. "The Mining and Technology Industries as Catalysts for Sustainable Energy Development." Sustainability 12, no. 24 (December 12, 2020): 10410. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su122410410.

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The potential for mining companies to contribute to sustainable energy development is characterized in terms of opportunities for energy efficiency and support of electricity access in mining-intensive developing countries. Through a case study of the Central African Copperbelt countries of Zambia and the Democratic Republic of Congo, energy efficiency opportunities in copper operations and environmental impact of metal extraction are evaluated qualitatively, characterized, and quantified using principles of industrial ecology, life cycle assessment, and engineering economics. In these countries the mining sector is the greatest consumer of electricity, accounting for about 53.6% in the region. Energy efficiency improvements in the refinery processes is shown to have a factor of two improvement potential. Further, four strategies are identified by which the mining and technology industries can enhance sustainable electricity generation capacity: energy efficiency; use of solar and other renewable resources; share expertise from the mining and technology industries within the region; and take advantage of the abundant cobalt and other raw materials to initiate value-added manufacturing.

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Kasaro, M. P., O. N. Chilyabanyama, N. S. Shah, B. Muluka, N. Kapata, A. Krüüner, I. Mwaba, et al. "Performance of Xpert® MTB/RIF and Determine™ TB-LAM Ag in HIV-infected adults in peri-urban sites in Zambia." Public Health Action 10, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 134–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5588/pha.20.0010.

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Setting: Peri-urban health facilities providing HIV and TB care in Zambia.Objective: To evaluate 1) the impact of Xpert® MTB/RIF on time-to-diagnosis, treatment initiation, and outcomes among adult people living with HIV (PLHIV) on antiretroviral therapy (ART); and 2) the diagnostic performance of Xpert and Determine™ TB-LAM Ag assays.Design: Quasi-experimental study design with the first cohort evaluated per standard-of-care (SOC; first sputum tested using smear microscopy) and the second cohort per an algorithm using Xpert as initial test (intervention phase; IP). Xpert testing was provided onsite in Chongwe District, while samples were transported 5–10 km in Kafue District. TB was confirmed using mycobacterial culture.Results: Among 1350 PLHIV enrolled, 156 (15.4%) had confirmed TB. Time from TB evaluation to diagnosis (P = 0.018), and from evaluation to treatment initiation (P = 0.03) was significantly shorter for IP than for SOC. There was no difference in all-cause mortality (7.0% vs. 8.6%). TB-LAM Ag showed higher sensitivity with lower CD4 cell count: 81.8% at CD4 < 50 cells/mm3 vs. 31.7% overall.Conclusion: Xpert improved time to diagnosis and treatment initiation, but there was no difference in all-cause mortality. High sensitivity of Determine TB-LAM Ag at lower CD4 count supports increased use in settings providing care to PLHIV, particularly with advanced HIV disease.

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Chileshe, Lukonde Derrick. "Teacher Educators’ Perceptions of Environmental Education As a Crosscutting Issue and Their Participation in Its Teaching at Kitwe and Mansa Colleges of Education." Journal of Law and Social Sciences 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2012): 53–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.53974/unza.jlss.1.1.368.

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This study was undertaken to investigate the respondents’ perceptions of Environmental Education (EE) and participation in its teaching at Kitwe and Mansa Colleges of Education in Zambia. The study used both qualitative and quantitative research approaches which also included questionnaires, observations and focus group discussions as research instruments. Content analysis was used to ascertain teacher educators’ participation in EE. A sample comprised thirty-three purposively selected college teacher educators. The data collected was analysed both qualitatively and quantitatively. The findings revealed that respondents’ views of EE were associated with creation of awareness about the environment and narrowly viewed EE in terms of nature conservation. The majority (73%) of the respondents stated that EE was wrongly included in the curriculum. The study further revealed that EE was only taught as topics or subtopics in Science Education (SE), Social, Spiritual and Moral Education (SSME) and Technology Studies (TS) and not as a crosscutting discipline across the curriculum; and that teacher educators essentially adopted teacher-centred methods in teaching EE, concentrating on imparting book-based knowledge. Moreover, no mechanism existed to compel them to integrate EE in lessons taught making the crosscutting approach ineffective in implementing it. The majority of the respondents had neither received pre-service nor in-service training in EE and if they had received such training, it was irrelevant to the work they were doing. The study concluded that EE should not end at the creation of awareness about the environment but should be linked to knowledge, skills and attitudes required to demand for an action for the environment. The recommendations made were that the curriculum should be reviewed and EE topics or content also be incorporated in all study areas. In addition, the Ministry of Education (MoE) through Teacher Education and Specialised Services (TESS) should formulate a policy framework to guide EE teaching in Primary Colleges of Education. In fact, the EE should formulate or contribute questions toward final examinations and the Ministry of Education (MoE) should procure EE teaching resources. Additionally, teacher educators should use extra curricular activities as learning space for EE. Lastly, colleges should appoint EE Coordinators to spearhead the EE implementation. There is an urgent need to train or reorient teacher educators in the two colleges on how they could strengthen the grounding in EE. When such training is concluded well, it should now cover all the Zambian Colleges of Education.

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Bauer, Sophie, Mwanza Wa Mwanza, Roma Chilengi, Charles B. Holmes, Zude Zyambo, Hansjakob Furrer, Matthias Egger, Gilles Wandeler, and Michael J. Vinikoor. "Awareness and management of elevated blood pressure among human immunodeficiency virus–infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy in urban Zambia: a call to action." Global Health Action 10, no. 1 (January 2017): 1359923. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2017.1359923.

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Korhonen, Joonas, Anna Axelin, Gerhard Grobler, and Mari Lahti. "Content validation of Mental Health Literacy Scale (MHLS) for primary health care workers in South Africa and Zambia ─ a heterogeneous expert panel method." Global Health Action 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 1668215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2019.1668215.

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Khoza, Sizwile, Dewald Van Niekerk, and Livhuwani David Nemakonde. "Understanding gender dimensions of climate-smart agriculture adoption in disaster-prone smallholder farming communities in Malawi and Zambia." Disaster Prevention and Management: An International Journal 28, no. 5 (October 7, 2019): 530–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/dpm-10-2018-0347.

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Purpose Through the application of traditional and contemporary feminist theories in gender mainstreaming, the purpose of this paper is to contribute to emergent debate on gender dimensions in climate-smart agriculture (CSA) adoption by smallholder farmers in disaster-prone regions. This is important to ensure that CSA strategies are tailored to farmer-specific gender equality goals. Design/methodology/approach An exploratory-sequential mixed methods research design which is qualitatively biased was applied. Key informant interviews and farmer focus group discussions in two study sites formed initial qualitative phase whose findings were explored in a quantitative cross-sectional household survey. Findings Findings shared in this paper indicate the predominant application of traditional gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA focusing on parochial gender dichotomy. Qualitative findings highlight perceptions that western gender approaches are not fully applicable to local contexts and realities, with gender mainstreaming in CSA seemingly to fulfil donor requirements, and ignorant of the heterogeneous nature of social groups. Quantitative findings establish that married men are majority adopters and non-adopters of CSA, while dis-adopters are predominantly de jure female household heads. The latter are more likely to adopt CSA than married women whose main role in CSA is implementers of spouse’s decisions. Access to education, intra-household power relations, productive asset and land ownership are socio-cultural dynamics shaping farmer profiles. Originality/value By incorporating African feminisms and intersectionality in CSA, value of this study lies in recommending gender policy reforms incorporating local gender contexts within the African socio-cultural milieu. This paper accentuates potential benefits of innovative blend of both contemporary and classic gender mainstreaming approaches in CSA research, practice and technology development in disaster-prone regions.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental policy – Zambia'

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