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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental protection on riversides'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 January 2023

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1

Pajic, P., L. Andjelic, U. Urosevic, and D. Polomcic. "Evaluation of melioration area damage on the river Danube caused by the hydroelectric power plant ‘Djerdap 1’ backwater." Water Science and Technology 70, no. 2 (May 24, 2014): 376–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.230.

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Construction of the hydroelectric power plant (HPP) ‘Djerdap 1’ formed a backwater effect on the Danube and its tributaries, which had an inevitable influence on groundwater level, causing it to rise and thus creating additional threats to all melioration areas on more than 300 km of the Danube riversides, as well as on the riversides of its tributaries: the Sava (100 km) and the Tisa (60 km). In this paper, the HPP ‘Djerdap 1’ backwater effect on some characteristic melioration areas (34 in all) has been analyzed. In most of these areas intensive agricultural activity has always been present. An assessment of agricultural production damage was carried out by complex hydrodynamic calculations (60 calculation profiles) for different backwater regimes, with the aim to precisely quantify the HPP ‘Djerdap 1’ backwater effect on groundwater piezometric levels. Combining them with complex agroeconomic analyses, the aim is to quantify agricultural production damage and to consider the perspective of melioration area users. This method, which combines two different, but compatible, aspects of the melioration area threat assessment (hydrodynamic and agroeconomic), may present a quality base for further agricultural production threat assessment on all melioration areas on the Danube riversides, with the final aim to consider the economic effects and the importance of its further protection.

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2

Yang, Daihu, Chengli Yao, Minghui Zhou, and Xian Sun. "Image of the environmental scientist." Science Progress 104, no. 2 (April 2021): 003685042110174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00368504211017420.

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The environmental scientist has been playing an important role in preventing and mitigating environmental pollution. Individuals’ images of the environmental scientist will likely impact and meditate their interest and attitudes toward environmental science as well as their willingness to take up an environmental science profession. However, prior studies focusing on the image of a professional are primarily of the general scientist. The environmental scientist and the image thereof remains out of the limelight of environmental science community and has been under-researched. In this article, on the basis of the retrospect on the stereotypical images of the general and environmental scientist and the gaps in previous studies, we attempted to report young individuals’ images of the environmental scientist in an alternative context. Drawing technique was employed and administered to 127 junior students aged from 13 to 15 year-old from a junior high school. The individuals’ image of environmental scientists can be generally abstracted as a male with environmental protection knowledge and commitment to environmental protection who does work more like a green chemist, ecology restorer, or plant protector and observes or cleans outdoors, primarily in forest, jungle, and/or by riverside.

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3

Cropper, Maureen L., Catherine L. Kling, and Fran Sussman. "A Conversation with Maureen Cropper." Annual Review of Resource Economics 11, no. 1 (October 5, 2019): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-resource-100518-093858.

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This article presents an interview with environmental economist Maureen L. Cropper. Maureen completed her Ph.D. at Cornell University and subsequently held positions at the University of California, Riverside, and the University of Southern California. At Riverside, she moved from monetary economics to environmental economics. She then landed at the University of Maryland, where she is a still a professor. She has taken on leadership roles in numerous institutional settings, including the US National Academy of Sciences and the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Science Advisory Board. Her contributions to environmental economics have been groundbreaking and extensive. Together with many collaborators—including former students and colleagues at the University of Maryland, World Bank, EPA, and Resources for the Future—Maureen has produced a body of work that spans theory, methods, and empirical applied economics. Her work covers the environment, energy, climate change, and transportation in both the United States and developing countries.

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4

Vadimov, Vadim, Iryna Merylova, and Yevheniia Samoilenko. "STRATEGY FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE URBAN WATERFRONT AREAS." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 59 (March 1, 2021): 172–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.59.172-188.

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The article describes a systematic approach to the urban planning organization of riverside areas. It includes complex environmental and recreational tasks, issues of surface runoff management within the catchment area, protection of territories from flooding and inundation. They can be implemented by means of a landscape approach and corresponding planning documents. The landscape approach presented in the article can be used as a methodological basis for theoretical, as well as design and spatial modeling of waterfront buildings at the stage of their construction or reconstruction. The article presents a strategy for renovation in the riverside area: improvement of water protection functions; rehabilitation of disturbed territories; the use of recreational and urban planning potential of such territories for creating a recreational framework on the waterfront; integration of eco-clusters into the structure of riverside territories and the development of an integrated management system for waterfront zones. The article considers the possibility of creating a recreational cluster, which will ensure certain continuity of natural framework, regarding its multi-vector formation in the urban space. This connection of the recreational cluster with the suburban green belt and water area, will allow establishing a pedestrian and recreational framework inside and outside the city. It is established that the introduction of a recreational cluster in the structure of the riverside area will contribute to the greening of the city, and will affect the modeling of ecological infrastructure. The article presents a graphic material illustrating the formation of recreational framework of Dnipro city and provides the schemes for the riverside transformation strategy in different parts of the city embankments.

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5

Li, Kaiyuan, Xiaolong Jin, Danxun Ma, and Penghui Jiang. "Evaluation of Resource and Environmental Carrying Capacity of China’s Rapid-Urbanization Areas—A Case Study of Xinbei District, Changzhou." Land 8, no. 4 (April 21, 2019): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land8040069.

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The evaluation of resource and environmental carrying capacity (RECC) is the foundation for the rationale behind the arrangement of land spaces for production, living, and ecological uses. In this study, based on various natural, economic, and social factors, an integrated Multi-Factor assessment model was developed to evaluate the RECC of Xinbei district of Changzhou. Meanwhile, we also calculated the population carrying capacity estimation model restricted by food security. The study comprehensively analyzed the current status and land resource characteristics of a rapid urbanization area and the RECC restrictions for protection and development. The results indicate that the comprehensive carrying capacity of Xinbei showed distinct spatial heterogeneity, with a decreasing trend from the riverside protection area to urban areas, then to mountain areas. Combined with the secure food supply provided by future land resources, it was estimated that the population carrying index of Xinbei would be as high as 1.25 and 1.22 in 2035 and 2050, respectively, indicating that both years would experience a population overload. Therefore, an urgent adjustment to the structure and layout of territorial space and resources of the Xinbei District is necessary.

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6

Dang, Xian Xian, Ding Qing Zhang, and Ruo Qi Zhou. "The Probe into the Multi-Objective Landscape Design of Urban River Based on Ecological Security - With the Planning of the Weihe River Landscape Zone in Xi'an-Xianyang as an Example." Advanced Materials Research 671-674 (March 2013): 2796–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.671-674.2796.

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China is in a period of rapid urbanization. Many riverfront cities are trying to realize the river-crossing development and may cause serious issues with urban expanding, such as environmental devastation and rural transformation. Thus, we must take the multi-objective as the orientation in landscape design of urban riverside areas. In planning the landscape area 50km in length along the Weihe River between Xi’an and Xianyang，we have proposed an idea of establishing the National Weihe Wetland Park in the entire area, by using the principle of partitioning the park into regions, limiting and linking the nodes in urban spaces and clusters of different functions along the riverside, to achieve the multi–objective of combining protection of ecological environment，renewal of urban area and continuation of historical context in landscape design. This paper discusses the goals of landscape design in urban riverside areas, analyzes the feasibility of establishing the National Weihe Wetland Park and details the systematic structure of the park and the methods of its construction.

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7

Adamenko, Oleg, Denis Zorin, Natalia Zorina, and Kateryna Radlovska. "GEOECOLOGICAL STATE OF BISTRIZA-TLUMACH’S AND PRYDNIESTER-POKUTSKIY HIGHLIGHTS." PROBLEMS OF GEOMORPHOLOGY AND PALEOGEOGRAPHY OF THE UKRANIAN CARPATHIANS AND ADJACENT AREAS, no. 09 (01) (September 25, 2019): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/gpc.2019.1.2800.

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Abstract. The anthropogenic environmental changes over the past decade have become global for the entire globe. They deeply penetrate into all components of the environment - the lithosphere, the geomorphosphere, the hydropower and the atmosphere, the soil and vegetation, alter the physical fields of the Earth and the Cosmos, transforming the original natural landscapes into natural and human-made geosystems and endangering human health and life. Especially sensitive to changes are the least protected natural landscapes on the territories of the nature reserve fund - natural monuments, nature reserves, regional parks, national natural parks, natural and biosphere reserves. The article deals with the issues of technogenic influence on the part of the territory of the Dniester Regional Landscape Park - Bistriza-Tlumach’s and Prydniester-Pokutskiy hills of the Prut-Dniester interfluve in Ivano-Frankivsk region. The authors carried out an ecological assessment of the environmental components of the specified territory - geological environment, relief, hydro- and atmosphere, soil and vegetation cover. Recommendations on the reduction of anthropogenic influence by introducing geoinformation technology of environmental protection, its modeling and forecasting are offered. Most of the study area has a generally normal ecological status. There are favorable conditions along the Dniester Canyon, where the oxygen content in the atmospheric air is higher than the average. Within a short distance of the Dniester Canyon from the north-west to the southeast, lanes of satisfactory condition stretch. Within them, five sites of complex ecological status have been identified. The comparison of the obtained data of the ecological assessment of the heights on the right riverside with the adjacent territory on the left riverside of the Dniester – located there National Nature Park “Dniester Canyon” showed that practically all geo-ecological structures of the right bank have their continuation on the left riverside. It follows that the Dnistrovsky Regional Landscape Park should be transferred to the category of nature reserve fund “National Nature Park” and be combined with the National Park “Dnistrovsky Canyon”. Keywords: environmental assessment; geoecological state; environmental components; inter-rivers; hills; anthropogenic influence; GIS-technologies.

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8

Zain, Zairin. "The Ecological Responsive Buildings: Traditional House in the Kapuas Riverside of West Kalimantan." KOMUNITAS: International Journal of Indonesian Society and Culture 8, no. 2 (August 22, 2016): 295–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/komunitas.v8i2.5836.

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Natural and environmental conditions were the main factor that caused people make adjustments to their residences. People need houses with the reasons are usually to meet the needs of privacy, comfort, storage of possessions, acquisition, storage and preparation of food, shelter from the weather protection from insects and/or pests, safety, kinship and social, gathering and travel, and movement. The condition of balance is achieved by the design adjustments made so that the buildings cause the least amount of impact on the surrounding environment. The advantages of the stage house for a hot and humid climate area of West Kalimantan is done to responds the ecological advantages of surrounding environment. The raised floor feature has been the best mitigation feature not only to keep dry from constant flood but also to built into the nature whilst living near riverside area. The stage house with modern concept can be designed to allow for cross ventilation, natural lighting, thermal comfort, privacy (visual and social), functionality and the effective cost for house handling.

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9

Yao, Yang. "NEW METHOD FOR THE EVALUATION OF Lolium perenne L. VEGETATION EFFECTS ON THE SLOPE PROTECTION OF ECOTYPE RIVERSIDE HIGHWAY." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 21, no. 2 (2021): 275–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2022.027.

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10

Kemerer, Jack A., Nancy Hendrickson, and Robert Mullinaux. "A CASE HISTORY: OIL SPILL ONTO THE PRADO FLOOD CONTROL BASIN, A FRESHWATER WETLANDS CLEANUP." International Oil Spill Conference Proceedings 1985, no. 1 (February 1, 1985): 325–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.7901/2169-3358-1985-1-325.

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ABSTRACT During January and February 1983, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) conducted a Clean Water Act funded cleanup of several thousand gallons of crude oil spilled onto the Prado Flood Control Basin in Riverside County, California. The California Department of Fish and Game (CDF&G) requested EPA assistance in the cleanup after recovering over 100 oiled birds, many of which were dead or near death. Representatives from the EPA, the EPA Technical Assistance Team (TAT), and the U.S. Coast Guard Pacific Strike Team (PST) conducted aerial and surface surveys of the impacted area and determined that a speedy cleanup was required in this environmentally sensitive area. The responsible party indicated that his funds were insufficient to perform an adequate and expedient cleanup, necessitating a federally funded cleanup. A number of environmental factors and physical constraints affected the cleanup operation. The basin is a forested wetland supporting a wide variety of wildlife, including migratory waterfowl. The oil was concentrated at the center of the basin in thick willow brush. Removal of the oil had to be performed for the most part manually, with small, recreational-type aluminum boats that provided the only access to the contaminated area. The safety of workers in debris-laden boats had to be considered on several occasions during unfavorable weather conditions.

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11

Savitskaya, K. L., and М. A. Dzhus. "New locations of rare and protected plant species of the aquatic ecosystems of Minsk Region and National park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Biological Series 63, no. 4 (October 30, 2018): 437–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1029-8940-2018-63-4-437-446.

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There is a review of floral studies of the water bodies in Minsk Region and National Park “Belovezhskaya Pushcha”. 75 new locations of 20 rare aquatic and riverside plant species coming at the water and 1 hybrid were found. 7 of these species are listed in the Red Book of the Republic of Belarus, 5 species are included into the category of Least Concern and Data Deficient. Potamogeton berchtoldii Fieber, Utricularia minor L., Potamogeton acutifolius Link, P. nodosus Poir., Salvinia natans (L.) All. are reported for the first time from National Park «Belovezhskaya Pushcha». The spreading of Berula erecta (Huds.) Coville on the territory of National Park is considered in detail. New locations of Nuphar pumila (Timm) DC., Ranunculus kauffmannii Clerc., Najas major All., Berula erecta, Glyceria lithuanica (Gorski) Gorski, Conioselinum tatari cum Hoffm. in Minsk Region, which were not included in 4th edition of the Red Book, have been described. A brief description of habitat environmental conditions is given for the revealed species of aquatic plants, and their phytocoenotic confinement is also pointed out. New information on the locations of protected aquatic plant species should be used to monitor their populations and prepare the documents of protection.

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12

Bocheńska-Skałecka, Anna, and Ewa Walter. "Application of the Integrated Design Process (IDP) Method to the Design of Riverside on the Example of Żmigród (Poland)." Sustainability 12, no. 16 (August 18, 2020): 6684. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12166684.

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Today, natural resources of urban areas have been given the rank of a necessary tool for combating climate change. Many cities are trying to manage biologically active areas of great quality by applying a blue-green infrastructure (BGI) strategy. Designing areas such as riverside areas belonging to BGI is particularly challenging. On the one hand, they are environmentally valuable areas requiring protection. On the other hand, they form urban public spaces subject to requirements of urban continuity as well as social and cultural conditions. The authors of the article argue that the optimal way of shaping riverside areas in cities that responds to diverse conditions (environmental, economic, legal, social) can be achieved by applying an integrated system of cooperation between designers known as the integrated design process (IDP) in the design process. The study aimed to answer the question of whether the integrated design process (IDP) that combines both the expert and social approach at the first stage, in the pre-concept phase may be optimal when developing riverside areas as part of blue-green infrastructure (BGI). The method was originally applied to architectural design, therefore the authors analyzed to what extent its assumptions may be used in the waterfront design process. First, the authors’ study compares design processes (traditional and integrated) for use in these processes of expert and social perspective. As a result, the integrated design process (IDP) has been considered as an optimal design process to create such areas. Then, the authors analyze the waterfront design process in Żmigród. The authors wanted to see to what extent the process corresponds to the assumptions of the IDP method. The authors point out the stages that implement assumptions of the IDP method partially or not at all and indicate the reasons for such a situation. The authors evaluated the role of various stakeholders. The analysis and critique of Żmigród case study presented here provide conclusions regarding the possibilities and limitations of the IDP method when implementing blue-green infrastructure projects in a small town.

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13

Lavery, Sarah, and Bill Donovan. "Flood risk management in the Thames Estuary looking ahead 100 years." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 363, no. 1831 (June 15, 2005): 1455–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2005.1579.

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The River Thames tidal defences have provided protection against the increasing threat of tidal flooding from the North Sea for more than 2000 years. The flood of 1953 was the catalyst for the construction of the current system of River Thames tidal defences, which includes the Thames Barrier, and has provided one of the best standards of flood defence in the UK for over 20 years. Substantial growth is planned through ‘Thames Gateway’, a regeneration initiative of the United Kingdom government. These new developments will fundamentally change the developed footprint in the Thames Estuary flood-plain, and will be in place for at least the next 100 years. This presents a challenge of planning future defence against a background of uncertainty over climate and other environmental change, while ensuring that correct decisions are made concerning the nature and location of new building in the tidal flood-plain. Through its ‘Thames Estuary 2100’ project, the Environment Agency is developing a long-term strategy for flood risk management in the estuary. Implementation of major construction works on the River Thames could commence from around 2015. Alternatively, it may be decided that minimum works are undertaken to provide security and major investment is delayed until uncertainties over climate change have abated. Whatever long-term option is chosen, this must be preceded by a period of collaboration with the Thames Gateway developments to ensure appropriate and sustainable flood defences are incorporated in new riverside construction.

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Zi, Xie, Dong Liucan, and Zhang Yongxing. "Radiation protection and environmental protection." Progress in Nuclear Energy 28, no. 1 (January 1994): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(94)90018-3.

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15

Sharma, Purnendu. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3269.

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From the beginning of the world to the present age, man has set a long journey of development. But in this journey, he has come forward alone leaving behind the eternal truth of life, as a result of which the catastrophic problems of the environment have taken birth and the world community has been trying to move forward by grappling with them for the past several decades. In view of its seriousness in 1972, a United Nations Conference was held in Stockholm, in which Mrs. Indira Gandhi, in her statement given for the protection of environment and welfare of mankind, said, "Man cannot be a civilized and true human being unless That he should not view the entire human civilization and the whole world in a friendly manner. In his statement, he highlighted the superiority of Vedic tradition and Indian way of life for environmental protection. सृष्टि के प्रारम्भ से वर्तमान युग तक मनुष्य ने विकास की लम्बी यात्रा तय की है। किन्तु इस यात्रा में वह जीवन के शाश्वत सत्य को पीछे छोड़कर अकेला आगे निकल आया है जिसके परिणाम में पर्यावरण की प्रलयंकारी समस्याओं ने जन्म ले लिया है और विश्व समुदाय विगत कई दशकों से इनसे जूझता हुआ आगे बढ़ने का प्रयास कर रहा है। 1972 में इसकी गम्भीरता को देखते हुए स्टाॅकहोम में संयुक्त राष्ट्र सम्मेलन आयोजित किया गया जिसमें श्रीमती इन्दिरा गांधी ने पर्यावरण संरक्षण एवं मानव जाति के कल्याण हेतु दिये गये अपने वक्तव्य में कहा कि, ’’मनुष्य तब तक सभ्य एवं सच्चा मानव नहीं हो सकता जब तक कि वह सम्पूर्ण मानव सभ्यता एवम् सम्पूर्ण सृष्टि को मित्रभाव से न देखे। अपने वक्तव्य में पर्यावरण संरक्षण हेतु वैदिक परम्परा एवम् भारतीय जीवन पद्धति की श्रेष्ठता को रेखांकित किया।

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Magadieva, A. A., and B. S. Murzabulatov. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." RUSSIAN ELECTRONIC SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL 35, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 203–2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31563/2308-9644-2020-35-1-203-212.

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The article discusses the key sources of environmental pollution and measures to preserve the environment and nature. By rational use of the Earth’s natural resources and responsible attitude to the environmental problem, this situation can be radically changed. One of the important problems of mankind today is environmental pollution. The environment is the habitat, the natural world that surrounds a person; includes natural and artificial environments. In many constituent entities of the Russian Federation, garbage reform has already begun to work. The goal of the garbage reform is the elimination of illegal landfills and the transition to separate waste collection, sorting and recycling so that they can be reused. Old landfills are subject to reclamation. Land reclamation as an integral part of environmental management in the development of environmental management projects in accordance with the requirements of regulatory documents is required. Thus, nature conservation is a set of measures and measures aimed at the rational use and reproduction of all natural resources of the Earth, as well as the conservation of the gene pool of flora and fauna, wealth of the subsoil, clean water and atmospheric air.

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17

Lang, Winfried. "Environmental Protection." Journal of World Trade 20, Issue 5 (October 1, 1986): 489–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/trad1986052.

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Üniversitesi AVRUPA TOPLULUĞU ENSTİTÜSÜ, Marmara. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Marmara Üniversitesi Avrupa Topluluğu Enstitüsü Avrupa Araştırmaları Dergisi 2, no. 1&2 (2015): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/mjes.371.

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Venselaar, J. "Environmental Protection." Chemical Engineering Research and Design 82, no. 12 (December 2004): 1549–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/cerd.82.12.1549.58043.

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Venselaar, J. "Environmental Protection." Process Safety and Environmental Protection 83, no. 1 (January 2005): 58–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1205/psep.04158.

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García-Asensio, José M., and Francisco Ayuga. "Irrigation engineering in Spain and how it has changed the country’s landscape." European Countryside 9, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0013.

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Abstract Irrigation is a rural development technique widely extended in, and affecting the landscape of, areas of Mediterranean climate. In Spain, irrigation accounts for ⅔ of all water use. The country has over 3.5 million ha of irrigated land, some 15% of all its agricultural land. Valley bottoms and riversides are the landscapes most commonly associated with irrigation in Spain, followed by peninsular coastal and interior plains, basins, hollows and depressions. This paper describes the engineering infrastructures associated with irrigation, the structures involved in water capture, transport, storage and distribution, and water use and drainage in the irrigated lowlands of Spain. It also examines the environmental impact of such water use. Several descriptors are proposed to describe its association with the landscape.

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22

Lászó, Erika. "Protection Capacities and Local Environmental Protection." Hadtudományi Szemle 13, no. 3 (2020): 147–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32563/hsz.2020.3.11.

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One of the fundamental areas of safety and security is environmental safety/security. In addition to and in cooperation with governmental organisations, citizens and municipalities also have a role to play. Today’s events have proved that the capacities are finite, so, it is not incidental what municipalities can undertake in the field of environmental protection. It is timely to examine this issue, as in the epidemic period of 2020, all areas of the protection sector need to review their capacities and know what the municipalities currently involved in protection administration will be capable to perform in the field of environmental protection and in what fields they will be prompted to seek the help of protection organisations. In this article, the author uses a questionnaire survey to provide an overview of the topic in order to examine the extent to which the principle of subsidiarity can be applied to the protection sphere.

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23

Makarskaitė-Petkevičienė, Rita. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION TEACHER." GAMTAMOKSLINIS UGDYMAS / NATURAL SCIENCE EDUCATION 5, no. 2 (August 20, 2008): 54–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.48127/gu-nse/08.5.54a.

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24

Vincent, Kamlini, and Amrita Khatri. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION ACT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3127.

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It is not as though degradation of environment is only a recent phenomenon. In the past also human activities have resulted in the degradation of environment, though they were not aware of it. Mans impact on the environment has resulted in pollution of environment. The protection and improvement of the human environment is a major issue which affects the well-being of people and economic development. Environmental protection is a practice of protecting the environment, on organizational levels, for the benefit of the natural environment and human- been. According to section 2 (a) of the environmental protection Act, ‘Environment’ includes water, air and land inter-relationship which exists among and between water, air and land and human beings other living creatures, plants, micro-organism and property. There are about two hundred laws dealing with environmental protection both before and after independence in India.

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Chmielnicki, Eva. "Environmental brain protection." Nature Medicine 20, no. 6 (June 2014): 595. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nm.3606.

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26

Damme, Günter, and Klaus Mayr-Rauch. "Systematic environmental protection." ATZextra worldwide 17, no. 6 (November 2012): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s40111-012-0323-x.

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27

White, M. Catherine. "Environmental Protection Agency." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 75, no. 7 (1994): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94eo00781.

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28

Bullard, Robert D. "Redefining Environmental Protection." Harvard Law Review 108, no. 2 (December 1994): 477. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1341899.

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Spivey, James J. "Environmental protection catalysts." Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 5, no. 3 (February 1995): N23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-3373(95)80014-x.

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Hackl, A. E. "Environmental protection — techniques." Science of The Total Environment 143, no. 1 (March 1994): 131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(94)90540-1.

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Lowe, A. V., Colin Warbrick, and Alan E. Boyle. "II. Environmental Protection." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 39, no. 4 (October 1990): 940–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iclqaj/39.4.940.

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Kaskarelis, Ioannis A. "Environmental protection impossibilities." Humanomics 29, no. 3 (August 23, 2013): 220–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/h-07-2013-0045.

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Mikus, Werner, Frank Werner, and Jorge Beckel Richter. "Adapted Environmental Protection." German Research 23, no. 2-3 (May 2001): 4–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1522-2322(200105)23:2/3<4::aid-germ4>3.0.co;2-l.

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Spickett, Jeff, and Elaine Lindars. "Environmental health in environmental protection." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health 24, no. 3 (June 2000): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-842x.2000.tb01560.x.

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35

van Ierland, Ekko, Corjan Brink, Leen Hordijk, and Carolien Kroeze. "Environmental Economics for Environmental Protection." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.289.

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Environmental economics deals with the optimal allocation of production factors and correcting market failure in protecting the environment. Market failure occurs because of externalities, common property resources, and public goods. Environmental policy instruments include direct regulation, taxes/subsidies, tradable permits, deposit systems, voluntary agreements, and persuasion.Environmental policies usually focus on one pollutant or environmental issue but may have substantial impacts on other emissions and environmental problems. Neglecting these impacts will result in suboptimal policies. We present an integrated optimisation model for determining cost-effective strategies to simultaneously reduce emissions of several pollutants from several sources, allowing for interrelations between sources and abatement options. Our integrated approach in regard to acidifying compounds and greenhouse gases will be able to provide cost-effective policy options that will result in lower overall abatement costs.This paper shows that efficient emission reduction can be calculated, but we argue that, for transboundary air pollution and climate change, it is difficult to implement the socially optimal solution because strong incentives exist for “free-riding”. In order to implement efficient policies, international environmental agree-ments like the Gothenburg or the Kyoto Protocol are necessary to establish stable coalitions. The stability of these agreements depends on the distribution of costs and benefits over countries and on the redistribution of the gains of cooperation.

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Hong, Yaoxiaoxue, Xianling Jiang, Beibei Shi, and Chang Yu. "Do Fiscal Environmental Protection Expenditures Crowd Out Corporate Environmental Protection Investments?" Sustainability 14, no. 20 (October 20, 2022): 13608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142013608.

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This research investigates how fiscal environmental expenditures impact corporate environmental investments and whether corporations act as free-riders. Using a sample of 1688 firm-year observations from 2008 to 2019 in the Chinese context, we observe that fiscal environmental expenditures have a significantly negative “crowding-out” effect on corporate green investments, which is mediated by the disclosure of pollution emissions. Additionally, a heterogeneity analysis reveals that this negative impact is more pronounced for non-heavily polluted and state-owned corporations and corporations located in three major agglomerations. This finding remains robust when employing an instrumental variable approach to address potential endogeneity. Our study contributes to the current literature by providing new insights regarding government environmental protection behaviors’ impacts on corporate green behaviors. The study also provides insights for policymakers to focus more on light-polluting corporations and state-owned corporations, because they have more chances to avoid environmental responsibilities.

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He, Xin, Shoujun Qi, Shuaibin Tian, and Xiaoya Liang. "Environmental Protection of Machinery Manufacturing Industry Based on Environmental Protection Concept." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 398 (August 20, 2018): 012019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/398/1/012019.

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38

Silva, Viviane Farias, Wanessa Regina Geraldo Lima, Carlos Vailan Castro Bezerra, Vera Lucia Antunes Lima, and José Geraldo Vasconcelos Baracuhy. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION THROUGH ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES PAYMENTS." Ciência e Natura 39, no. 3 (November 18, 2017): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2179460x28455.

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To provide goods and services to human’s ecosystems need water like fish, timber, food, grains, among others. Similarly, are responsible for important services for the preservation of the quality and quantity of water available, such as the supply and maintenance of water flows and smoothing of natural disasters related to water, such as floods and droughts. This work was carried out to explain why the existence of this type of payment services in the pursuit of environmental protection exercised in several countries including environmental Brazil, based on the location of cases of payment for environmental services. Some countries have already practiced the payment for environmental services and the majority of services is related to water. Environmental service providers whose main goal that the business is profitable and remains. Payment for environmental service exists as an incentive to conserve the environment so profitable to the owner of rural land or forests ale smallholders and farmers.

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Flemming, Hans-Curt. "Biofilms and Environmental Protection." Water Science and Technology 27, no. 7-8 (April 1, 1993): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1993.0528.

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Biofilms are the result of adhesion and growth of microorganisms at interfaces. They consist mainly of water (70-95 % wet weight), held by the highly hydrated extracellular polymers (EPS, 70-95 % dry weight) in which the microorganisms are embedded. Adhering cells differ from their suspended counterparts in both activity and resistance to toxic substances. The cells are immobilized next to each other and form well organized consortia, capable of performing sequential degradation processes. Biofilms are ubiquitous and the majority of microorganisms on earth is living in biofilms. The particular properties of biofilms are utilized for environmental protection in bioreactor technology, applied to sewage water and waste air purification, soil remediation and solid waste decomposition. Biofilms can have detrimental effects, inducing metal corrosion and microbially induced weathering of mineral materials such as stone or cement. Resulting damage, e.g., to oil tanks and pipelines and to concrete sewers, has lead to substantial pollution of soil, groundwater and surface water. Biofilm development on heat exchangers, filter materials and separation membranes leads to the application of large amounts of biocides. These cause waste water problems after use. A deeper understanding of the particular properties and dynamics of biofilm development and processes could help to optimize the application of desired biofilms and to minimize the detrimental effects of undesired biofilms and of countermeasures.

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Persanyi, Miklos. "Environmental Protection in Hungary." NEW SOLUTIONS: A Journal of Environmental and Occupational Health Policy 1, no. 3 (November 1991): 72–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/ns1.3.m.

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Bukhayev, A. A., E. S. Zhambaev, and A. N. Sagadiev. "General Principlesof Environmental Protection." Bulletin of Chelyabinsk State University. Series: Law 5, no. 2 (2020): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47475/2618-8236-2020-15201.

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TAKIZAWA, Y. "Industrialization and Environmental Protection." Sangyo Igaku 34, no. 5 (1992): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1539/joh1959.34.419.

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43

Chae-Shik, Rho. "Environmental Protection in KOREA." TRENDS IN THE SCIENCES 4, no. 7 (1999): 22–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5363/tits.4.7_22.

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44

Kothari, Mamta. "ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND HINDUISM." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 3, no. 9SE (September 30, 2015): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v3.i9se.2015.3267.

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Under the environment, air, water, vegetation, plants, animals, humans all come. In nature, all these quantities and their composition are arranged in such a way that a balanced life continues on the earth. For the last few years, ever since the Earth came into being as animal, animal and other bacterial consumers, this cycle of nature has been going on continuously and smoothly. Whatever is needed and is getting from nature and nature preserves it by producing more in itself. If we observe human history, five hundred and seven hundred years ago, man was close to nature. The food he got from nature was normal, it was his happy life, when water and air were safe. But gradually the change took place with time and the desire of man to live happily increased. With the advancement of science man began to interfere with the natural cycle. The effect of this was that the items of the primary needs of human beings began to lack water, air and food. The immense reserves of nature started decreasing day by day and the word pollution emerged. There was a need for environmental protection. पर्यावरण के अन्तर्गत वायु जल भूमि वनस्पति पेड़ पौधे, पशु मानव सब आते है । प्रकृति में इन सबकी मात्रा और इनकी रचना कुछ इस प्रकार व्यवस्थित है कि पृथ्वी पर एक संतुलनमय जीवन चलता रहे । विगत करोंड़ांे वर्षो से जब से पृथ्वी मनुष्य पशुपक्षी और अन्य जीव-जीवाणु उपभोक्ता बनकर आये तब से, प्रकृति का यह चक्र निरंतर और अबाध गति से चल रहा है । जिसको जितनी आवष्यकता है व प्रकृति से प्राप्त कर रहा है और प्रकृति आगे के लिये अपने में और उत्पन्न करके संरक्षित कर लेती है । मानव इतिहास का अवलोकन करे तो आज से पंाॅच सौ सात सौ वर्ष पूर्व मनुष्य प्रकृति के समीप था । प्रकृति से मिले भोजन पर सामान्य आश्रित था , वह उसका सुखमय जीवन था, जब जल वायु निरापद थे । लेकिन धीरे-धीरे समय के साथ परिवर्तन हुवा और मनुष्य मंे सुखमय जीने की लालसा में वृद्धि हुई । विज्ञान की प्रगति के साथ मनुष्य ने प्राकृतिक चक्र में हस्तक्षेप करना शुरू कर दिया । इसका दूष्प्रभाव यह हुवा कि मनुष्य की प्राथमिक आवष्यकताओं की वस्तुऐं जल, वायु भोजन का अभाव होने लगा । प्रकृति के अपार भण्डार दिन प्रतिदिन कम होने लगे और प्रदुषण शब्द का उदय हुवा । पर्यावरण संरक्षण की आवष्यकता होने लगी ।

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45

Dragan, Milkov. "Administration and environmental protection." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 47, no. 3 (2013): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns47-5111.

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46

Ye, Jing, Wei Zhao, and Wei Hong Xia. "Introduction to Environmental Protection." Advanced Materials Research 663 (February 2013): 840–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.663.840.

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Introduction to Environmental Protection is a selective course offered to students whose major is not Environmental Engineering. The increasingly serious global environmental pollution requires common efforts on environmental protection and common and awareness of sustainable development. This is offered to let students interested in environmental protection know general knowledge and common technologies used in environmental quality improvement. The teaching contents and requirements are quite different from those for students majoring in Environment. Therefore, the course needs construction to develop it appropriate for students who are interested in it. Through construction of this course, the proper teaching content, ppt, CAI software, test paper data, exercise data were offered.

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Singh, Rajeev Nain. "Environmental protection and judiciary." VIDHIGYA: The Journal of Legal Awareness 9, no. 2 (2014): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4533.2014.00004.9.

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48

SEMPLE, N. G. "PRINCIPLES OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 90, no. 4 (August 1991): 837–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/iicep.1991.15385.

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A. Shevko. "Environmental Protection in China." International Affairs 64, no. 005 (October 31, 2018): 279–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21557/iaf.52036533.

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50

Gillroy, John M., and Robert Y. Shapiro. "The Polls: Environmental Protection." Public Opinion Quarterly 50, no. 2 (1986): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/268981.

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