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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmental protection policy'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Siebert, Horst. "Trade Policy and Environmental Protection." World Economy 19, s1 (November 1996): 183–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9701.1996.tb00725.x.

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2

Shah, Rohani Mohd, and Zaliha Husin. "Policy Integration: Internationalization of State Environmental Protection Policy." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 101 (November 2013): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.07.203.

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3

Patrick, David R. "Environmental protection agency's risk management policy." Environmental Progress 4, no. 1 (February 1985): 20–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ep.670040108.

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4

Postula, Marta, and Katarzyna Radecka-Moroz. "Fiscal policy instruments in environmental protection." Environmental Impact Assessment Review 84 (September 2020): 106435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106435.

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5

Hao, Yufan. "Environmental protection in Chinese foreign policy." Journal of Northeast Asian Studies 11, no. 3 (September 1992): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03023326.

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6

Lee, Dalgon. "Progressive Public Choice and Conservative Policy Change: Political Economy of the Korean Environmental Policy." Korean Journal of Policy Studies 9 (December 31, 1994): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.52372/kjps09001.

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This paper examines the gap between seeming progressive public demand for cleaner environment and lagging policy responses of the government. Public attitude toward environmental protection has been analyzed along with four different categories of environmental conflict and problems. There are diverse inconsistency and discrepancy between public attitudes and their behaviors. Key policy outputs are reviewed with special emphasis on environmental investment. Several factors that may explain the passive and conservative government move toward environmental protection have been identified. Those include, inactive public pressure on the government and the industry, ineffective mechanism for transforming people's demand into government decision, the ideology of developmentalism in the policymaking circle, weak local politics and administration, and oligopolitic industrial structure.
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7

van Ierland, Ekko, Corjan Brink, Leen Hordijk, and Carolien Kroeze. "Environmental Economics for Environmental Protection." Scientific World JOURNAL 2 (2002): 1254–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2002.289.

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Environmental economics deals with the optimal allocation of production factors and correcting market failure in protecting the environment. Market failure occurs because of externalities, common property resources, and public goods. Environmental policy instruments include direct regulation, taxes/subsidies, tradable permits, deposit systems, voluntary agreements, and persuasion.Environmental policies usually focus on one pollutant or environmental issue but may have substantial impacts on other emissions and environmental problems. Neglecting these impacts will result in suboptimal policies. We present an integrated optimisation model for determining cost-effective strategies to simultaneously reduce emissions of several pollutants from several sources, allowing for interrelations between sources and abatement options. Our integrated approach in regard to acidifying compounds and greenhouse gases will be able to provide cost-effective policy options that will result in lower overall abatement costs.This paper shows that efficient emission reduction can be calculated, but we argue that, for transboundary air pollution and climate change, it is difficult to implement the socially optimal solution because strong incentives exist for “free-riding”. In order to implement efficient policies, international environmental agree-ments like the Gothenburg or the Kyoto Protocol are necessary to establish stable coalitions. The stability of these agreements depends on the distribution of costs and benefits over countries and on the redistribution of the gains of cooperation.
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8

Stojanovic, Boban, and Snezana Radukic. "EU environmental policy and competitiveness." Panoeconomicus 53, no. 4 (2006): 471–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pan0604471s.

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Protection of the environment was not a specific importance to the Community although the Treaty of Rome expressly specified that "health, safety environmental protection" shall be based on "a high level of protection". In deciding upon a framework for a European environmental policy, the Community was also responding to increased public awareness of the problem and concerns about the state of the natural and man-made environment. During the past years, competitiveness concerns have dominated the EU policy debate, in the course of which a growing consensus is being developed on the importance of eco-innovations and resource efficiency for EU competitiveness and on the market opportunities they offer. There is an increasing evidence that environmental policy and eco-innovations can promote economic growth, as well as maintain and create jobs, contributing both to competitiveness and employment. Environmental constraints to rapid economic growth are increasingly recognized by countries, leading to a rising awareness of the need for sustainable development. Implementation of an environmental policy however, generates significant implications for competition among countries.
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9

Magnani, Elisabetta. "The Environmental Kuznets Curve, environmental protection policy and income distribution." Ecological Economics 32, no. 3 (March 2000): 431–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-8009(99)00115-9.

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10

Liu, Yang. "Tobacco Control Policy Based on Environmental Protection Law." Tobacco Regulatory Science 7, no. 4 (July 31, 2021): 379–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18001/trs.7.4.15.

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Objectives: Based on the environmental protection law, this paper analyzes our current tobacco control policy and studies the effectiveness of the follow-up policy. Methods: This paper studies the impact of environmental law on tobacco industry and tobacco control from the legislative principles and regulatory subjects of environmental protection law. Grasping the basic connotation of tobacco control policy is the premise of understanding and implementing tobacco control. This paper analyzes tobacco control policy from the perspective of policy network and policy tools. Through the description of Smith policy model, find out the deficiencies in the implementation of tobacco control policy. Results: The smoking population in China tends to be younger, and the control of teenagers' smoking behavior should be more strict. Conduct investigation and management around the school, put forward certain requirements for students' parents, and carry out health education for students. Based on the legislative intention of environmental protection law, we should use policy tools, policy network and policy implementation process theory to supervise and manage the whole process of tobacco control implementation in China from the aspects of tobacco system, policy formulation, policy implementation and policy evaluation.. Conclusion: The government should strengthen the scientificity of tobacco control policy-making and improve its operability and unity. It should improve the implementation system of tobacco control policies and improve the construction of law enforcement subjects. An effective administrative punishment mechanism should be established and the information disclosure system of tobacco control policy should be strengthened. The social members should be guided to participate in and supervise. We should evaluate tobacco control policies and strive to improve the formulation, implementation and evaluation of tobacco control policies.
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11

Krämer, Ludwig. "Differentiation in EU Environmental Policy." European Energy and Environmental Law Review 9, Issue 5 (May 1, 2000): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/271994.

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A review of European Community environmental legislation since inception, highlighting the many circumstances in which the pursuit of common environmental goals has in fact led to differentiation and variation in the standards actually being applied. The reasons for and effects of these differences. The early measures — the discretion given to Member States to apply them in part or in varying ways; derogations; the absence of enforcement. The later years, beginning with the amendment of the EC Treaty to include a chapter on environmental policy. The scope of horizontal measures for divergent implementation. Legislation in specific areas and its potential for differentiation: water protection, air pollution, product-related measures, nature conservation and waste management. Conclusion that Europe "needs both differentiation and integration of environmental rules, at a high level of protection".
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12

Mierauskas, Pranas. "Formation and Implementation of Environmental Policy in Lithuania." Public Policy And Administration 18, no. 1 (April 9, 2019): 36–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23127.

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This article focuses on formation of environmental policy in different periods in Lithuania. The purpose of the article is to analyze main steps of development environmental policy. Some researchers keep opinion that the beginning of environmental policy started in the interwar period. Meanwhile more environmental specialists are following position that in this period had been not founded any specialized environmental institution and the roots of environmental policy cannot be in the interwar years. Actually development of environmental policy started after Second World War in the soviet period when Nature Conservation Act has been adopted and State Nature Protection Committee, and some environmental protection agencies had been founded. The beginning of modern environmental policy started in the beginning of re – establishing of the Independent Republic when Sate Environmental Protection Department has been founded and Environmental Protection Act has been adopted. The adoption of the State Environmental Protection Strategy and the National Environmental Protection Strategy are main current strategic instruments to develop modern environmental policy in Lithuania. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.ppaa.18.1.23127
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13

Van Brederode, L. E., and B. F. M. Bosnjakovic. "The Dutch Environmental Policy on Indoor Radiation Protection." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1992): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/rpd/45.1-4.771.

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14

Van Brederode, L. E., and B. F. M. Bosnjakovic. "The Dutch Environmental Policy on Indoor Radiation Protection." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 45, no. 1-4 (December 1, 1992): 771–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a081648.

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15

Gunningham, Neil, and Darren Sinclair. "Regulatory Pluralism: Designing Policy Mixes for Environmental Protection." Law Policy 21, no. 1 (January 1999): 49–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9930.00065.

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16

Carboni, Silvana M., and Ted L. Napier. "Environmental protection in space: a quantitative policy study." Space Policy 10, no. 2 (May 1994): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0265-9646(94)90023-x.

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17

Barry, Conor P., and Frank J. Convery. "The policy relevance of environmental protection expenditure accounting." European Environment 12, no. 5 (2002): 291–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.300.

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18

Krasnova, I. O. "Policy of Environmental Development in context of Environmental Protection by Law." RUSSIAN JUSTICE 8 (August 2017): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.17238/issn2072-909x.2017.8.98-107.

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19

Cao, Shixiong, Li Chen, and Qingke Zhu. "Remembering the Ultimate Goal of Environmental Protection: Including Protection of Impoverished Citizens in China’s Environmental Policy." AMBIO 39, no. 5-6 (June 3, 2010): 439–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13280-010-0043-2.

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20

Bjelajac, Zeljko, Dragan Dasic, and Milovan Spasovic. "EU environmental policy and its criminal law framework." Medjunarodni problemi 63, no. 4 (2011): 567–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/medjp1104567b.

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A man by his actions in pursuit of better living conditions, particularly in recent decades, threaten the natural environment, violating the eternal mutual, harmonious and dependent relationship and balance that existed in the living world, and making their own survival uncertain. The importance of environmental protection as well as goods of general interest is incorporated in the fundamental determinants of EU policy, which coincides with the trend expressed ecological consciousness at the global level. Protecting the environment through criminal law response to the expansion ecological crime that inflicts significant damage to the environment and human health.
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21

de La Bourdonnaye, Thibaud. "Greener insurgencies? Engaging non-State armed groups for the protection of the natural environment during non-international armed conflicts." International Review of the Red Cross 102, no. 914 (August 2020): 579–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1816383121000527.

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AbstractAs belligerent parties, non-State armed groups (NSAGs) contribute to environmental damage in non-international armed conflicts. Drawing from the actual practice and doctrine of NSAGs, this article unpacks the legal and policy framework for engaging them on the protection of the environment. It analyzes the international humanitarian law rules protecting the environment binding on NSAGs. To improve environmental protection, a model of environmental responsibilities under international human rights law and international environmental law based on the NSAG's level of territorial control is suggested, as a matter of policy. This article then explores how to engage NSAGs on the legal and policy framework identified and proposes a model unilateral declaration for the protection of the natural environment.
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22

Khanna, Madhu, Wilma Rose H. Quimio, and Dora Bojilova. "Toxics Release Information: A Policy Tool for Environmental Protection." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 36, no. 3 (November 1998): 243–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jeem.1998.1048.

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23

Ro, Sunghyok, Deru Yan, and Sewon Kim. "Green mining policy for environmental protection and sustainable development." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 474 (May 15, 2020): 022024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/474/2/022024.

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24

Uhlig, Christian. "Environmental protection and economic policy decisions in developing countries." Intereconomics 27, no. 2 (March 1992): 86–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02926180.

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25

SÜLÜN, DİLARA. "IMPLEMENTING EUROPEAN ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY IN THE EUROPEAN UNION AND TURKEY: THE COST AND EXPENDITURES OF THE POLICY COMPLIANCE." “Küresel siyaset: Türkiye’den bakış”, Spring,2021 (April 30, 2021): 86–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.30546/2616-4418.bitd.2021.86.

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This paper examines the European environmental policy and the tools that the European Union (EU) uses for the aim of protecting the environment. Environmental policy is of crucial importance indeed as it has direct impact on human’s health, on the quality of environment, on the well-being of all living creatures and species and on the preservation of our natural resources around the world. The EU is quite active in environmental protection policy making and the scope of her environmental policy expanded with time, including nowadays many aspects such as air, water and soil pollution, waste management, protection of the environment, industrial pollution, chemicals, climate change and noise pollution. The methodology of the study consists of the review and analysis of primary and secondary sources regarding EU legislation on European environmental policy. The requirements of environmental policy are exposed and evaluated at the European level and other international engagements at the global level such as the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCC), Kyoto Protocol and Paris Agreement are also evaluated in our paper. European statistics and reports are evaluated to provide a good understanding and assessment of the relation between governments and corporations’ expenditures and the protection of environment in EU member states and in Turkey. Our paper also includes the implementation of the European environmental policy in Turkey, therefore Turkish of􀏐icial policy alignment and compliance is explained with data related to EU funded projects implemented by Turkish institutions. Regarding the relation between expenditures and environment, our 􀏐indings indicate a reverse causality effect; the quality of the environment determines the level of public expenditures indeed, and not vice-versa. As analyzed in our paper, governments and corporations’ investments related to environmental protection are quite low and they are in decline, this share needs to be increased both at the EU level and in Turkey. Key Words: European Union Environmental Policy, Climate Change, Kyoto Protocol, Paris Agreement, Government Expenditures on Environmental Policy.
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26

Gonzalez, Michael A. "Environmental Protection for Sustainability." Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy 16, no. 4 (April 2014): 673–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10098-014-0748-1.

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27

Wawrzyniak, Jan R. "The Utilitarian Stigma of Environmental Protection." Conatus 3, no. 1 (January 11, 2019): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/conatus.18368.

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In this paper I want to point out the multifaceted impact of utilitarianism as well as pragmatism, applied as the unified philosophy of environmental protection. Special attention is paid to the utilitarian aspect of Marxism, and a continuous (1988-2018), comprehensive case study from Poland – in the context of European economic realities – serves as an example of social receptionof the utilitarian paradigm in contemporary environmental protection policy.
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Foxwell-Norton, Kerrie, and Claire Konkes. "The Great Barrier Reef: News media, policy and the politics of protection." International Communication Gazette 81, no. 3 (April 16, 2018): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748048518767800.

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Since the 1970s, the Reef has been a site where Australian environmental policy has flourished, mirroring global environmental policy seeking to ‘balance’ human activity through ‘ecologically sustainable development’. The article examines the parallel and intersecting processes of modern environmental policy and news media practice in the context of the Reef to unveil how Australia's news media are communicating critical moments in the protection of the Reef. Through two key conservation moments – the 1981 World Heritage Listing and the 2012 threat to place the Reef on the List of World Heritage in Danger – the article examines the role of news media in different geographic contexts, highlighting the complex politics of protection from early conservation campaigns to the contemporary era of protecting the Reef in the context of global environmental crisis. We identify how ecologically sustainable development discourses can be used to communicate positions that challenge and discredit policy initiatives aimed at protecting natural environments.
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29

Barrell, Alan, Pawel Dobrzanski, Sebastian Bobowski, Krzysztof Siuda, and Szymon Chmielowiec. "Efficiency of Environmental Protection Expenditures in EU Countries." Energies 14, no. 24 (December 14, 2021): 8443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14248443.

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Environmental protection policy is a widely discussed issue in scientific works. However, special attention should be also paid to the effectiveness of expenditures on environmental protection, and this is the main goal of this paper. The countries of the European Union were selected for this analysis due to the fact that, in recent years, this region has become an informal world leader with respect to the implementation of policy measures in the field of environmental protection. For that reason, the data envelopment analysis methodology was used, which allows the calculation of input-output efficiency for the years 2005–2015. The analysis shows that, among the 30 analyzed countries, the most effective in environmental protection actions is Finland. The hypothesis that higher environmental protection expenditures does not result in better environmental results has been confirmed. Our analysis confirmed the problem of the deteriorating efficiency of environmental expenditures across the selected European Union Member States, caused by increases in spending. This research may contribute to the discussion on environmental protection policy design and its assessment, as well as environmental policy results measurement.
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30

Hawke, N. "Canadian Federalism and Environmental Protection." Journal of Environmental Law 14, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 185–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/14.2.185.

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31

Kaufman, L. D. "Intergenerational Trusts and Environmental Protection." Journal of Environmental Law 14, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 421–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/14.3.421.

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32

McGartland, Al. "Thirty Years of Economics at the Environmental Protection Agency." Agricultural and Resource Economics Review 42, no. 3 (December 2013): 436–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1068280500004925.

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When the modern era of environmental policy began with creation of the Environmental Protection Agency and passage of the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, economists and economics were little used. Over time, economics became a major contributor to formation of environmental policy. Executive Order 12291 pushed economics into the policy process but also rendered benefit-cost analysis controversial. I report on economics’ role in the policy process over time and examine contributions by economists to environmental policymaking. Advancing benefit-cost analysis is an obvious contribution. I describe other areas in which economists have contributed and highlight milestones for economics at EPA.
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33

Kamiński, Paweł, Ilona Radziwon-Kamińska, and Agnieszka Targońska. "LEGAL ASPECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION POLICY IN THE REPUBLIC OF POLAND. SELECTED ISSUES." Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach. Seria: Administracja i Zarządzanie 50, no. 50 (April 9, 2020): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/zn.2019.50.06.

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Environmental protection policy is a multi-faceted issue which interests researchers in different branches of knowledge. The implementation of solutions of the environmental protection may take different forms among which are legal instruments. One of those legal instruments is the environmental protection policy. The aim of this article is to analyse this policy and to evaluate its functioning in the Republic of Poland as one of the public policies. Furthermore, a crucial part of this article is to define the environmental protection policy, national environmental policy and its legal bases. What is more, the article will present the analysis of purposes, directions and areas included in the Polish National Environmental Policy - 2030. To make this analysis complete it is required to indicate symptoms of the sustainable development in the environmental protection policy. As a main tool of consideration, the dogmatic-legal method, has been used. The analysis of the main topic consists of legal acts and literature on the subject (containing Polish and foreign scientific publications).
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34

Šogorov Vučković, Jelena. "POLICY-LEGAL INSTRUMENTS OF INDIRECT ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT." Srpska politička misao 70, no. 4/2020 (February 2, 2021): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22182/spm.7042020.10.

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Effective environmental protection cannot be imagined without direct management of such protection by state authorities through legal prohibitions and orders, permits, approvals and exemptions, mandatory notifications, control, and repression measures of the state administration, etc. Yet, in modern environmental systems, instruments of indirect influence on the addressees of norms are gaining increasing importance, with the aim of influencing their desirable behaviour through citizens’ awareness. Such instruments are used by law primarily in the field of prevention, with the aim of preventing environmental damage. When using indirect means, the state appeals to the addressees to act appropriately to protect the environment, but without forcibly sanctioning behaviour, if that appeals are not accepted. This paper analyses the nature of indirect instruments, such as public information, economic incentives of the classical and modern types, as well as environmental agreements, with an indication of their role and importance in modern environmental systems.
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35

Azizov, Tuhtamish. "ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY: SOME SCIENTIFIC ASPECTS OF HARMONIOUS DEVELOPMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY." JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 2, no. 3 (February 28, 2020): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2020-2-3.

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The article analyzes the national legislative base of regulatory legal acts in the field of environmental safety, which adequately regulates not only the powers of state authorities, but also creates conditions and guarantees for the real protection of individuals and the environment from disasters and accidents
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36

Gallez, Caroline, and Sylvie Paras. "Environmental information in policy design and enforcement: Water protection policy in Wallonia, Belgium." European Environment 5, no. 3 (May 1995): 65–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eet.3320050302.

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37

Perga, Tetiana. "Wilderness in the Environmental Policy of the European Union." European Historical Studies, no. 13 (2019): 51–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2019.13.51-66.

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The article explores the reasons, directions and stages of the wildlife conservation activities which is an important direction of European environmental policy. Author examines the essence of the concept “wilderness” which is used in the official documents of the European Union and EU member states. It has concluded that wilderness is understood as a territory regulated by natural processes, consisting of natural habitats and species, sufficient for the effective ecological functioning of natural processes; it is unchanged or slightly modified and does not undergo changes from the side people, settlements, and infrastructure; its landscape has not undergone any visual changes. The policy of the EU member states concerning the formation of the relevant legislation and practical steps for the creation of protected areas of wildlife are analyzed. It was found that unlike the USA, where in the late nineteenth century the protection of wildlife has stimulated the development of environmental policy, in European Union activities in this area began to develop in the last third of the twentieth century. It was seen as one of the directions of biodiversity conservation within the framework of the regional environmental protection policy. The author concluded that the peculiarity of the European wildlife protection model is the formation of strategic guidelines and development them by the member states in accordance with their national specifics. This leads to a variety of approaches to activities in this the protection of the wildlife. The main disadvantages of the Ukrainian legislation on wildlife conservation as well as problems for its development are revealed. The article state that at the moment, Ukraine has done the first step in the wildlife protection – in 2017, the Law on the protection of virgin forests was adopted. It is concluded that Ukraine’s move to European integration requires not only the adaptation of the national environmental legislation to EU legal norms but also the development of wildlife conservation activities as an important direction of environmental policy.
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38

Nowak, Maciej J. "Environmental Protection in Strategic Instruments of Spatial Policy in Poland." Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae 18, no. 4 (December 21, 2020): 51–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/seb.2020.18.4.05.

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Ensuring environmental protection requires the use of various instruments, including spatial policy ones. Appropriate integration of environmental issues in spatial policy is still a major challenge. The aim of this article is to determine the direction of optimal environmental protection in strategic tools of spatial policy. The article indicates optimal expectations for spatial policy instruments, from an environmental perspective. Then, it verifies the extent to which these expectations are, or can be, included in the current system. The research part verifies studies of conditions and directions of the spatial development of voivode cities, in terms of using key elements from an environmental perspective. The analyses and research show that, especially in strategic instruments at the local level, consideration should be given to determining the importance of protected areas in shaping the environment, indicating potential solutions to environmental threats, and the social context of environmental protection. However, attempts at such activities are undertaken, largely, to a very limited extent.
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39

BOUMARAF, Hocine, Faiza DAHMOUCHE, and Louiza AMIRECHE. "INFLUENCE OF ECONOMIC AND INDUSTRIAL POLICY ON THE ENVIRONMENTAL SITUATION IN ALGERIA." BUSINESS EXCELLENCE AND MANAGEMENT 12, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24818/beman/2022.12.1-03.

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The main objective of our work is to determine whether the Algerian economic policy adopted since independence can claim sustainable development from an economic point of view, and how this could be accomplish in harmony with environmental protection. In order to achieve the objective of this study, we used an approach that consists of examining the main causes of the ecological problems in relation to the economic policy implemented by the Algerian state. The analysis of the results obtained led us to identify the link between economic and industrial policies and the modification of the environmental situation in Algeria.
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40

Jiang, Long, Lei Du, and Qing Li. "Economic Operation Analysis of Environmental Protection Facilities in Coal-fired Power Plants under the New Environmental Protection Policy." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 233 (February 26, 2019): 052001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/233/5/052001.

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41

Ptak, Michał. "Motor fuel taxes and the environmental protection." Oeconomia Copernicana 2, no. 1 (March 31, 2011): 29–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/oec.2011.002.

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Motor fuel taxes are primarily revenue-raising taxes. However, due to high fuel consumption these taxes can be quite an efficient source of general budget revenue in many countries. It seems that the taxes on motor fuels may also be useful instruments for environmental policy or climate change policy. Environmental objectives can be achieved through change of behavior of drivers. The paper presents theoretical basis for taxes levied on motor fuels. Attention is paid to the problem of external costs of transport and internalization of external costs by applying taxes on motor fuels. The article also contains a review of the European Union countries experience with taxes levied on motor fuels (such as: petrol, diesel oil, liquid petroleum gas and compressed natural gas). The author discusses the structure of fuel taxation and tax rates in different countries. Attention is also paid to the fuel taxes which are principally intended to change behavior, not to raise revenue (particularly carbon taxes) and to the ‘environmentally friendly’ tax differentiations. The paper is based on the available literature and reports published by various organizations (Eurostat, the OECD).
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42

Bernauer, Thomas, and Quynh Nguyen. "Free Trade and/or Environmental Protection?" Global Environmental Politics 15, no. 4 (November 2015): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00327.

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Many political leaders of the Global South oppose linkages between trade liberalization and environmental protection. We field-tested a combination of surveys and conjoint experiments in Costa Rica, Nicaragua, and Vietnam to examine whether citizens in developing countries share this position. The results show that citizens do not view economic integration and environmental protection as a trade-off. To the contrary, individuals with greener preferences are more supportive of trade liberalization. Furthermore, and in contrast to prevailing government rhetoric, the majority of citizens support environmental clauses in trade agreements. These findings suggest that there might be room for more ambitious efforts to include environmental standards in international trade agreements.
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Herzon, Irina, Marjaana Toivonen, Juha Helenius, and Chloe Swiderski. "Realized environmental values of Environmental Fallow policy measure." Suomen Maataloustieteellisen Seuran Tiedote, no. 28 (January 31, 2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33354/smst.75452.

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A novel agri-environment scheme for Environmental Fallow (EF) was introduced in Finland to replace a former obligatory CAP set-aside. Though potentially highly valuable, the ability of the current scheme for delivering the stated objectives of water protection, biodiversity, and soil state is yet to be confirmed. The presentation evaluates the role of the scheme for protection of surface waters and biodiversity based on data from the farmer interviews, field data on vegetation, and land-use register for the regions of Uusimaa, Pohjois-Pohjanmaa and Pirkanmaa. In 2010, over 7% of the agricultural utilized area was enrolled under the scheme with four types of fields: long-term grasslands, and fields sown with meadow plants, game crops or landscape flowers. The scheme has been highly popular among farmers but requires agronomic development of the options to reduce establishment failure, and optimise management for the best environmental output with the least agronomic problems. The potential of the scheme to protect surface waters is marginal since only 10% of EFs is situated near the water courses. The option of fallowing by establishing grassland, or by enrolling existing low productive grassland, was the most popular type of EF. The most biologically valuable meadow type remains rare, and the desired vegetation composition is non stable. The vegetation composition of the EF is more diverse than that under the former set-aside and also differs from that of other non-cropped biotopes such as margins and semi-natural grasslands. Plant species diversity correlated negatively with the reported fertility level of the parcels and therefore establishing grassland and meadow fallows on the least productive parcels is ecologically justified. However, possible targeting of the options according to the landscape setting should be investigated. At the current level, the scheme has succeeded to reverse the fallowing area to its state during the EU set-aside period. However, potential long-term efficiency of the current scheme is likely to be compromised by its untargeted and unbinding nature, and existing agronomic challenges in “sowing for nature”. Without a minimum required area, the scheme totally depends on the current and forecasted profit margin.
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Portney, Paul R. "Environmental Problems and Policy: 2000–2050." Journal of Economic Perspectives 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2000): 199–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.14.1.199.

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The next 50 years will see more use of market-based tools for environmental protection. Regulatory authorities everywhere will require polluters to report emissions. Authority will leak away from national governments; some will be devolved to lower levels of government, but some will be lost to international bodies. Environmental conditions will continue to improve steadily in developed countries. The developing countries will be less fortunate; at least until rising incomes provide the impetus for stricter standards. Some losses will be irreversible, as with species that are extinguished.
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Johnston, P. A., M. MacGarvin, and R. L. Stringer. "Regulation of Effluents and Implications for Environmental Policy." Water Science and Technology 24, no. 10 (November 1, 1991): 19–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0272.

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Adequate regulation of industrial effluent is integral to any strategy to reduce contaminants entering the North Sea. The present approach involves a list of identified priority pollutants. Current regulatory frameworks are based upon environmental quality objectives or fixed emission limits, underpinned by the concept of assimilative capacity. These are examined and illustrated using examples from the UK River Tees and Antwerp Harbour in Belgium. Neither system is able to address the problem of complex effluents, and therefore cannot provide comprehensive environmental protection. These failings are discussed in relation to the role of clean production techniques and it is concluded that zero discharge must be recognised as the ultimate goal of North Sea environmental protection strategy.
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Markowska, Agnieszka. "State of Democracy in Poland versus Environmental Protection." Central European Economic Journal 8, no. 55 (January 1, 2021): 219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceej-2021-0016.

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Abstract The paper starts with a review of literature focusing on links between democracy and environmental protection, pointing out a fair weight of scientific evidence that democratic societies on average enjoy a higher level of environmental quality than autocracies. It subsequently provides a quick insight into the recent trends in the state of democracy and the rule of law in Poland as well as a few examples of measures taken concerning environmental policy that have been undertaken after 2015. The paper concludes by expressing concern about certain negative patterns in the Polish environmental policy in the past few years, which seem to be connected to the deficiencies in the rule of law and democracy as observed in Poland. The shrinking space for civil society to participate in democratic governance concerning environmental issues and the excessive appetite of the current government for large infrastructural investments seem to be in contradiction with the European and global strive for sustainable development and tackling climate change. It remains to be seen if the recent negative trends in the Polish environmental policy will have a structural impact on the state of environment in Poland.
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Nain Gill, Gitanjali. "Environmental protection and developmental interests." International Journal of Law in the Built Environment 6, no. 1/2 (April 8, 2014): 69–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlbe-03-2013-0010.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a case study of a global challenge: the relationship between commercial development and the protection of eco-fragile systems particularly where river water is involved. It reviews and critiques the legal and political processes that underpinned the Commonwealth Games (CWG) 2010 in Delhi and the building of the accommodation Village on the floodplain of the river Yamuna. Design/methodology/approach – The paper covers the controversial modern history of the Yamuna river that runs through Delhi. The river is “dead” and has been subject to litigation concerning its usage and that of its flood plain. In particular, the controversy peaked prior to the CWG 2010 in Delhi and the required buildings associated with the games. The paper traces the history of the legal actions and the inter-related involvement of the various actors being the politicians, construction developers, the river bank dwellers and the local environmentalists. Close analysis is made of the statutory administrative procedures required for environmental clearance, the subsequent case law both in the High Court of Delhi and the Supreme Court of India. Additionally, usage is made of the media and its concerns over corrupt and negligent practices. Findings – The Indian judiciary in their willingness to promote the construction of the Village failed to apply its own environmental jurisprudence. There was a failure to “lift the veil” and review flawed administrative practices that violated governing statutes. National pride, time pressures, political support, economic interests and rapid urbanisation created a pressure that the courts could not challenge. It was left to investigative committees, after the Games had concluded, to expose these wrongdoings. Originality/value – The paper highlights the issue of the relationship of the courts and political and economic interests and how legally protected ecological interests are ignored.
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Nolan, Patricia A. "Public Health and Environmental Protection." Journal of Public Health Management and Practice 3, no. 2 (March 1997): vii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00124784-199703000-00002.

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Grey, Felix. "Corporate lobbying for environmental protection." Journal of Environmental Economics and Management 90 (July 2018): 23–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeem.2018.03.008.

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Marx, Axel. "Ecological Modernization, Environmental Policy and Employment. Can Environmental Protection and Employment be Reconciled?" Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 13, no. 3 (September 2000): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/713670517.

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