Academic literature on the topic 'Environmental Question of Amazonia'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Velho, O. "Seven Equivocal Theses about Amazonia." Environment and Planning D: Society and Space 3, no. 2 (1985): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/d030231.
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This paper underlines the importance of the debate now being carried on in Brazil with reference to Amazonia and stresses the symbolical character with which it has been clothed. This debate is more than a clash between intellectual and political conceptions, the conflict-ridden encounter of the nation with its own destiny is dramatized within it. Seven theses stand out, representing the main prospects in question and their variants. In dismantling them one by one, the author proposes alternatives and above all suggests a kind of analysis epistemologically oriented by successive shiftings of viewpoint. This mobile approach makes it possible to reveal the partial truth of each thesis over the others. Theses (1) and (3) refer to the inexorable and all-encompassing character of capitalist expansion in rural areas, qualities which are regarded as likely to cause the reactive social movements themselves to succumb. It is shown that economic and political processes are often episodic, reversible, and subject to political interventions, especially to selective action on the part of the State. Theses (2), (4), and (5) affirm that the peasantry possesses its own conceptions of the land, that it is autonomous at productive level, and that it resists the advance of capitalism. It is demonstrated that these theses oversimplify, deny ambiguities, and are based on a logic that wrongly presupposes two homogenized social processes and blocs. Alternatively, the existence of multiple actors should be recognized, oriented by various strategies which are redefinable because they are not deterministically derived from socioeconomic conditions; the peasantry is not fighting to defend the essence of an idealized peasant being, but a particular series of ad hoc negotiable values, in the face of different concrete situations. In the discussions of theses (6) and (7), the author comes to grips, on the one hand, with the view that explains the apparent mobilizing success of the Roman Catholic Church through its ‘option on behalf of the poor’ and, on the other hand, the political criticisms usually directed at intellectuals who question traditional conceptions, when these supposedly favour the underprivileged.
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Ferrão, Miquéias, Rafael de Fraga, Jiří Moravec, Igor L. Kaefer, and Albertina P. Lima. "A new species of Amazonian snouted treefrog (Hylidae:Scinax) with description of a novel species-habitat association for an aquatic breeding frog." PeerJ 6 (February 9, 2018): e4321. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4321.
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The genusScinaxis one of the most specious genera of treefrogs of the family Hylidae. Despite the high number of potential new species ofScinaxrevealed in recent studies, the rate of species descriptions for Amazonia has been low in the last decade. A potential cause of this low rate may be the existence of morphologically cryptic species. Describing new species may not only impact the taxonomy and systematics of a group of organisms but also benefit other fields of biology. Ecological studies conducted in megadiverse regions, such as Amazonia, often meet challenging questions concerning insufficient knowledge of organismal alpha taxonomy. Due to that, detecting species-habitat associations is dependent on our ability to properly identify species. In this study, we first provide a description of a new species (including its tadpoles) of the genusScinaxdistributed along heterogeneous landscapes in southern Amazonia; and secondly assess the influence of environmental heterogeneity on the new species’ abundance and distribution.Scinax ruberoculatussp. nov. differs from all nominal congeners by its small size (SVL 22.6–25.9 mm in males and 25.4–27.5 mm in females), by having a dark brown spot on the head and scapular region shaped mainly like the mothCopiopteryx semiramis(or a human molar in lateral view, or a triangle), bicolored reddish and grey iris, snout truncate in dorsal view, bilobate vocal sac in males, by its advertisement call consisting of a single pulsed note with duration of 0.134–0.331 s, 10–23 pulses per note, and dominant frequency 1,809–1,895 Hz. Both occurrence and abundance of the new species are significantly influenced by silt content in the soil. This finding brings the first evidence that edaphic factors influence species-habitat association in Amazonian aquatic breeding frogs.
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Medeiros, Marcílio Sandro de, Daniel Souza Sacramento, Inez Siqueira Santiago Neta, et al. "ATENÇÃO À SAÚDE NAS UNIDADES DE CONSERVAÇÃO AMBIENTAL NO AMAZONAS: CONFLITOS DE COMPETÊNCIA OU QUESTÃO DE RESPONSABILIDADE?" REVISTA GEONORTE 11, no. 38 (2020): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21170/geonorte.2020.v.11.n.38.35.51.
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This article analyzes the discursive representations in the collective thinking of socio-environmentalists about the competencies and responsibilities of the policy of protected areas with the attention to the health of the riverside populations.The method is an exploratory descriptive of qualitative approach based on the collective thinking of socioenvironmentalists working in the protected areas policy of Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve from seven interviews collected through a semi-structured script which were analyzed by the Collective Subject Discourse technique.Respondents express knowledge about the constitutional competences of the municipality with health, but they have difficulty in dialogue with the city halls on the subject; the responsibilities of the management of conservation units (UC) and public non-state organizations that work in support of co-management are attributed the responsibility as to captain the public policies and the formulator of scientific information for the improvement of local health. The absence of dialogue adds to the lack of a public agenda within the scope of environmental policy. There are experiences of access to health in the rural area adapted to the socio-environmental context of the reserve, however, these suffer discontinuity.The discursive representations of the collective thinking of socioenvironmentalists express knowledge about municipal competences with health and concerns regarding meeting these needs. The meeting of social needs is organized in a conflictual manner, and this is due to the lack of coordination between the various institutions that operate in this territory. The decentralization of competences and responsibilities over natural resources through the co-management of UCs imposed new roles and authorities on the territories.
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Duque, Alvaro, Mauricio Sánchez, Jaime Cavelier, and Joost F. Duivenvoorden. "Different floristic patterns of woody understorey and canopy plants in Colombian Amazonia." Journal of Tropical Ecology 18, no. 4 (2002): 499–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467402002341.
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Distribution patterns of vascular plants with diameter at breast height (dbh) ≥ 2.5 cm were studied on the basis of compositional data from 30 small plots located in a rain-forest area in Colombian Amazonia. The research questions were: How are distribution patterns of species in relation to local abundance in plots? Do understorey species (defined as species with individuals that never attained dbh ≥ 10 cm anywhere) show better correlations with soils and environment than canopy species (defined as species with individuals that attained dbh ≥ 10 cm)? Are patterns found in the entire range of landscape units comparable to those found in well-drained uplands alone? Species that occurred in more than one plot showed higher local abundances. This pattern was consistent among environmental generalists and specialists. Locally rare species (with only one individual in a plot) occurred mostly in well-drained uplands. Considering all landscape units, Mantel tests showed substantial correlations between environmental data (soil chemical data, drainage and flooding) and species composition. Canopy species were only slightly less correlated with environmental data than understorey species. Elimination of the spatial component in the data did not reduce these correlations. In well-drained uplands, understorey species were better correlated with soils than canopy species. Here, however, the spatial configuration of the plots became more important in explaining species patterns.
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Horton, Bruce, Giordano Colarullo, Ian J. Bateman, and Carlos A. Peres. "Evaluating non-user willingness to pay for a large-scale conservation programme in Amazonia: a UK/Italian contingent valuation study." Environmental Conservation 30, no. 2 (2003): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892903000122.
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Contingent valuation (CV) is a popular method in economics for eliciting individuals' preferences for non-market environmental resources, but very few attempts have been made to apply it to distant environmental goods of global importance. This paper reports the results of a CV study in the UK and Italy, which evaluated non-users' willingness to pay for the implementation of a proposed programme of protected areas in Brazilian Amazonia. The main focus of the survey was the wealth of biodiversity in the region proposed for protection and the ecosystem services provided by such areas. Taking both countries together, respondents were willing to pay, on average, £30 (US$ 45.60) per household per annum to fund the implementation of a protection programme covering 5% of Brazilian Amazonia and £39 (US$ 59.28) per household per annum to fund a 20% programme. Aggregated across households, an annual fund to conserve 5% of Brazilian Amazonia as strictly protected areas could yield around £600 million (US$ 912 million) in the UK and a similar amount in Italy. It should be noted that respondents appeared to show a high degree of uncertainty in the bid decision process for such an unfamiliar and distant good, leading to questions as to the validity and reliability of results. Nevertheless, responses were non-random and systematically related to a range of socio-economic characteristics and attitudinal variables. Thus initiatives such as international financial transfers from wealthy developed countries to support the protection of threatened areas of global significance could attract widespread support in those countries.
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Medeiros, Heloise Michelle Nunes, Quêzia Leandro de Moura Guerreiro, Thiago Almeida Vieira, Sandra Maria Sousa da Silva, Ana Isabel da Silva Aço Renda, and José Max Barbosa Oliveira-Junior. "Alternative Tourism and Environmental Impacts: Perception of Residents of an Extractive Reserve in the Brazilian Amazonia." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (2021): 2076. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13042076.
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Alternative tourism (AT) contributes to conservation, valuing the environment and recipient cultures with minimal impact, especially in protected areas. In this context, this article identified, considering the residents’ perception, the possible environmental impacts resulting from alternative tourism in communities of the Tapajós-Arapiuns Extractive Reserve (RESEX), Brazilian Amazonia. Thus, between February and April 2019 a semi-structured interview was conducted with 122 residents of three communities of RESEX (Anã, Maripá, and São Miguel). The interview script was divided into three groups of questions: (i) interviewee data, (ii) socioeconomic data, and (iii) perception of the concept and environmental impacts of alternative tourism. We used a snowball sampling method, which consists of a form of a non-probabilistic sample. The majority (91.8%) of the informants did not know how to explain the concept of alternative tourism; however, for 87.7% of them, this tourism does not generate negative impacts. Income is the most used expression (53%) by RESEX residents to demonstrate what alternative tourism positively impacts. About 74.6% of respondents reported that tourists do not influence local customs change, and 94.3% do not identify tourism-related violence. Finally, 89.3% say that tourists do not pollute the environments. The research carried out in this Conservation Unit deserves the attention of decision-makers, managers, technicians, and researchers. It provides subsidies for management programs to provide real bases for the analysis, interpretation, and planning of sustainable tourist spaces.
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Oliveira, Maria do P. S. Lamêgo, Evailton Arantes de Oliveira, Reginaldo da Rocha Freitas, Arlene M. Lamêgo da S. Campos, and Ana Margarida Fonseca. "Waste Management at Construction Sites in the Municipality of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil: Characterization of the Current Situation." Current World Environment 14, no. 2 (2019): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.14.2.17.
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This research aimed the characterization of the current production of construction waste in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, and its impacts on the environment of the Amazon Region. The significance of this research work is to contribute to the improvement of the environmental management of waste in the construction sites of the city of Manaus, with the aim of preserving the Amazonian environment. This research also sought to characterize the existing problems in the environmental management of construction waste in four construction sites, with areas greater than 9,000 square meters. The methodology adopted was based on the application of an in situ survey in four construction sites in the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil, administered by three companies representing the construction sector in the Amazon Region. Data were collected at the construction sites in question in the second half of 2018, regarding the types of construction waste produced, respective volumes, destination and associated costs. A comparison was made between constructed areas and volumes of waste produced, characterizing the current situation of construction waste production in the city of Manaus. After analysing the results obtained, it was concluded that due to the high associated costs, companies avoid recycling construction waste, and opt to discharge it in municipal or clandestine landfills, with significant environmental impacts. For this reason, a greater participation of the Public Administration is recommended regarding the adequate management of waste in construction sites, namely offering financial incentives for companies to promote the recycling and reuse of construction waste.
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Silva, Marcio, and Ligia Simonian. "How advertising and sustainability dialog in Pan-Amazonia: the perspective of advertising professionals in Peru and Brazil." Journal of Science Communication 15, no. 05 (2016): A01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.15050201.
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In this article it is investigated the relationship between advertising and sustainability by evaluating the perceptions of employees of advertising agencies in the Pan-Amazon region using pre-defined indicators. Seeking to identify the level of environmental practices adopted by advertising agencies toward the goal of building a sustainable society, it was interviewed advertising professionals about whether they saw themselves as contributing to changing consumer society towards a new society based on economic efficiency, social equality and ecological equilibrium. To answer these questions it was used quantitative survey data complemented by qualitative research using in-depth interviews. Results suggest that, from the point of view of advertising professionals, advertising agencies do not have much interest in contributing to a more sustainable society. Moreover, our research showed how the lack of strong ties within advertising trade associations further contribute to the weakness of efforts aimed at this area.
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Pereira da Silva Júnior, Gildázio, and Dr Flávio de São Pedro Filho. "RESILIENCE IN THE FACE OF SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS." International Journal for Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 12 (2019): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss12.2026.
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The dynamics of the systems present in the Amazon require a detailed view of the aspects involving human actions and their consequent interactions with the forest. The impacts caused by this relationship have been the subject of numerous studies aimed at understanding the responsiveness to these impacts, risks, and vulnerabilities of the environment subject to risk factors. The general goal of this paper is to conduct a theoretical and conceptual study on resilience in the face of socioenvironmental impacts in the Brazilian Western Amazon. The specific goals are to contextualize the concepts of situational resilience in the face of environmental impacts, to address the main definitions of environmental impacts in the Amazon, and analyze the approach in the face of the Amazon environmental heritage. Regarding the problem, the following question was proposed: how is resilience characterized in the face of social and environmental impacts? In order to answer this question, a theoretical-conceptual review based on the Contingency Theory was conducted to support the conclusions. In order to reach this goal, we sought the conceptualization of resilience in the face of environmental impacts, the search for the main definitions of environmental impacts in the Brazilian Amazon and some concepts about the Amazonian environmental heritage in a qualitative approach by collecting data through qualitative research for further analysis of the problem and literature review, in order to build knowledge for the theoretical foundation using the Contingency Theory, which springs from environmental conditions to actions that minimize the impacts of human action.
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Sawakuchi, A. O., G. A. Hartmann, H. O. Sawakuchi, et al. "The Volta Grande do Xingu: reconstruction of past environments and forecasting of future scenarios of a unique Amazonian fluvial landscape." Scientific Drilling 20 (December 17, 2015): 21–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-20-21-2015.
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Abstract. The Xingu River is a large clearwater river in eastern Amazonia and its downstream sector, known as the Volta Grande do Xingu ("Xingu Great Bend"), is a unique fluvial landscape that plays an important role in the biodiversity, biogeochemistry and prehistoric and historic peopling of Amazonia. The sedimentary dynamics of the Xingu River in the Volta Grande and its downstream sector will be shifted in the next few years due to the construction of dams associated with the Belo Monte hydropower project. Impacts on river biodiversity and carbon cycling are anticipated, especially due to likely changes in sedimentation and riverbed characteristics. This research project aims to define the geological and climate factors responsible for the development of the Volta Grande landscape and to track its environmental changes during the Holocene, using the modern system as a reference. In this context, sediment cores, riverbed rock and sediment samples and greenhouse gas (GHG) samples were collected in the Volta Grande do Xingu and adjacent upstream and downstream sectors. The reconstruction of past conditions in the Volta Grande is necessary for forecasting future scenarios and defining biodiversity conservation strategies under the operation of Belo Monte dams. This paper describes the scientific questions of the project and the sampling surveys performed by an international team of Earth scientists and biologists during the dry seasons of 2013 and 2014. Preliminary results are presented and a future workshop is planned to integrate results, present data to the scientific community and discuss possibilities for deeper drilling in the Xingu ria to extend the sedimentary record of the Volta Grande do Xingu.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Bittencourt, Maurício Pimentel Homem de. "Jornalismo alternativo para a questão ambiental amazônica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/90/90131/tde-04122013-202449/.
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Este trabalho descreve a concepção, o planejamento e o processo de viabilização da intervenção constitutiva de uma mídia alternativa na sociedade amazônica, com suas articulações políticas e de custeio. Configurando-se como uma pesquisa técnico-empírica, seu objeto consistiu no processo de criação de um meio de comunicação jornalístico alternativo: a Agência Ambiental de Notícias da Amazônia (ANAM). Enquanto veículo de comunicação, o objetivo da ANAM é alimentar e fundamentar o debate sobre a questão ambiental amazônica (QAA), ampliando seu teor democrático e contextualizando-o sob o enfoque de uma crítica da visão hegemônica do desenvolvimento - a visão comprometida com os interesses capitalistas do processo global de produção. A concepção de um projeto editorial para a ANAM, sua concretização como meio de comunicação na internet e como projeto de extensão universitária em uma universidade pública amazônica demonstraram que a proposta de intervenção é viável sob as condições estratégicas que delimitaram sua proposição e planejamento. Tais condições estratégicas apoiaram-se sobre os seguintes pressupostos: é possível contribuir para a conservação da floresta amazônica por meio do jornalismo; a QAA contextualiza-se no panorama de uma crise ambiental global, cuja existência apresenta-se como realidade; o debate sobre as relações entre os pressupostos anteriormente apontados se revela essencial para a promoção da conservação da Amazônia. Ressalva-se que a contribuição do jornalismo para a conservação da Amazônia depende de outros processos sociopolíticos para se efetivar, tendo em vista que os produtos de mídia não são agentes diretos da conservação ambiental. Tampouco se considera que o jornalismo alternativo para a QAA seja a única forma de contribuição jornalística para o enfrentamento da problemática ambiental da Amazônia.<br>This doctorate thesis describes the fundaments of the conception and planning - and the process regarding its enablement, together with its politics and costs - of the constitutive intervention of an alternative media in the Amazon society. By using empirical and technical data, the object of this thesis refers to the process of creation of an alternative journalistic media: the Environmental News Agency for the Amazonia (ANAM). As a means of communication, the objective of ANAM is to stimulate and to promote the debate about the Environmental Question of Amazonia (QAA), by broadening its democratic sense and by contextualizing it towards a criticism of the hegemonic vision about economic development, a vision that belongs to the capitalist interests of the global process of production. The development of an editorial project for the ANAM, its construction as an online channel of communication and as a university extension program in an Amazon public university have evidenced that the intervention proposal can be enabled through the strategic conditions in which it inheres. These strategic conditions are based on the following assumptions: it is possible to contribute to the conservation of the Amazon rainforest through journalism; the QAA contextualizes itself in the panorama of a global environmental crisis, which is real; the debate about the relationships between the aforementioned assumptions should be seen as pivotal for the promotion of the conservation of Amazonia. Nonetheless, in order to be enabled, the contribution of journalism to the conservation of Amazonia hinges on other sociopolitical processes, since the media products are not direct agents of environmental conservation. That notwithstanding, the alternative journalism for the QAA cannot be seen as the unique way of contributing journalistically for addressing the environmental problem of Amazonia.
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Becker, Olga Maria Schild. "Recent settlement in Brazilian Amazonia : labour mobility and environmental degradation." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2002. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2281/.
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The context of this thesis is Brazilian Amazonia and the subject is the discussion of labour force mobility and immobility as well as environmental degradation following current occupation process of this natural resource frontier. The overall aim is to identify the forms and mechanisms of the capitalist occupation process which has taken place in Amazonia in the 1960-1990 period. I consider the issues of increasing labour force mobility and environmental degradation as a question of changes in the relationship between people-nature. These changes in Brazilian Amazonia relate to an expansion of the territorial limits of capital and are a consequence of the occupation process encouraged by the Brazilian State. The central research question of this thesis is why and how does a regional development policy for Brazilian Amazonia, designed with the aim of promoting the occupation of the empty spaces of the frontier, lead to a progressive expulsion of the previous inhabitants of those areas. In the same way, why did government programmes not ensure a settling of the new colonists (landless migrants) on the land in these frontier areas where, by definition, we would suppose there are huge expanses of land available. The argument is that the Brazilian State, taking it for granted that the Northern frontier areas should be occupied, promoted a sort of occupation in which the frontier was to be expanded following a pattern of urbanised jungle, where the urban space was the support of this process. According to this strategy, the circulation (mobility) of the labour force was seen to be more relevant than the settlement of small landless producers. In this way, migration (as a mechanism in producing the labour force) played a crucial role in creating a regional labour market in frontier areas. Moreover, this thesis will discuss the Extractive Reserve model presented by the so-called traditional inhabitants as a proposal for rainforest productive conservation and counter-mobility of the labour force in Brazilian Amazonia. The present study analyses specific spaces in the Amazonia: the Pre- Amazonia Maranhense (Eastern Amazonia), considered an earlier frontier area from the 1960s, and the Acre River Valley (Western Amazonia), that represents a newer frontier area from the 1970s and 1980s.
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Watling, Jennifer Georgina. "Environmental impact of the pre-Columbian geoglyph builders of Western Amazonia." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/16386.
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A debate that has received much attention in recent years is the nature and scale of pre-Columbian impact in the Amazon lowlands. While the notion that Amazonia is a “pristine wilderness" has long been debunked, several papers have proposed that human impact in western regions was more sporadic and on a smaller scale than impacts in central and eastern regions, and that western Amazonia supported sparse pre-Columbian populations. The discovery of over 400 geometrically-patterned earthworks (geoglyphs) in the western Brazilian Amazon, which until recently lay under in-tact tropical forest, has raised important questions about the kind of societies that built them and the impact that they had on the terra firme upland landscapes. This study represents the very first investigations into human-environment interactions in the geoglyph region. By analysing phytoliths, charcoal and stable carbon isotopes from a series of soil profiles in the vicinities of two well-dated and excavated geoglyph sites, this study aims to discern the nature of the environment before, during and after the construction and use of the sites, and the spatial and temporal scales of landscape transformations that were effected by the geoglyph cultures. The data call for a re-appraisal of what is meant by “scales" of human impact in Amazonia, and propose that an understanding of the diversity of human-environment interactions must be considered through studies that closely combine regionally-sensitive archaeological and palaeoecological data.
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Graf, Roberta. "Politica Ambiental Transversal : experiencias na Amazonia Brasileira." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/287060.
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Orientador: Newton Muller Pereira<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T19:47:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Graf_Roberta_D.pdf: 1029060 bytes, checksum: b8dd1845aefb344e1e0aa5fd3682bfb9 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Nessa Tese desenvolveu-se o conceito da Política Ambiental Transversal, que representa a internalização da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental no conjunto das políticas públicas de uma localidade. Parte-se da premissa de que a política ambiental transversal é mais adequada do que a política ambiental exclusivamente setorial por possibilitar o alcance de modelos de desenvolvimento ambientalmente mais sustentáveis, tal qual preconiza a Agenda 21. Os objetivos da pesquisa foram caracterizar a política ambiental transversal nos seus aspectos teóricos e metodológicos e analisar dois estudos de caso: as políticas ambientais recentes dos estados amazônicos do Acre (estudo principal) e do Amapá (estudo complementar). Sob o ideário do ¿desenvolvimento sustentável¿, governos destes estados adotaram prioridades ambientais em seus programas, os quais podem representar iniciativas de transversalidade. Na investigação utilizou-se um arcabouço conceitual composto da sustentabilidade sócio-ambiental, de noções históricas do ambientalismo (com destaque para as escolas do Ecodesenvolvimento e da Ecologia Profunda), da Ecologia, do paradigma sistêmico (teorias da complexidade), da Análise de Políticas Públicas, das prioridades sócio-ambientais para o bioma amazônico, bem como das interfaces da questão ambiental com a Ciência e Tecnologia e com a Economia. A análise dos casos do Acre e do Amapá revelou que a variável ambiental tem sido incorporada em diversas políticas públicas, e isto pôde ser comprovado por meio da evolução positiva de indicadores de sustentabilidade nestes estados. Pode-se dizer, portanto, que em ambos estados ocorrem experiências de política ambiental transversal, embora com algumas limitações, o que demonstra que essa nova concepção tem sido uma tendência significativa. A caracterização teórico-metodológica da política ambiental transversal, feita com aportes da literatura, pôde então ser aprimorada com os resultados dos estudos de caso<br>Abstract: In this Thesis it was developed the concept of Transverse Environmental Policy, which represent the internalization of socio-environmental sustainability through a set of public policies of a locality. The premiss was that the transverse environmental policy is more successful that exclusive sectorial environmental policy to reach environmental more sustainable development models, as preconized by Agenda 21. The objectives of the research went to characterize the transverse environmental policy in its theoretical and methodological aspects and to analyze two case studies: recent environmental policies of the amazonian states of Acre (principal study) and Amapa (complemental study). By the approach of ¿sustainable development¿, governs of these states adopted environmental priorities in their programs, whose can represent transverse initiatives. In the investigation it was used a conceptual frame composed by socio-environmental sustainability, historic notions of environmentalism (with distinction to Ecodevelopment and Deep Ecology schools), Ecology, systemic paradigm (complexity theories), Public Policy Analysis, socio-environmental priorities for the amazonian biome, as with the interfaces of the environmental question with Science and Technology and the Economy. The analysis of Acre and Amapa cases revealed that environmental variable have been incorporated in diverse public policies, and this was confirmed by the positive evolution of sustainable indicators in these states. It can be affirmed, therefore, that in both states occur experiences of transverse environmental policy, in despite of some limitations, and this fact demonstrates that the new conception of environmental policy have been a significative tendency. The theoretic-methodological characterization of transverse environmental policy, made by literature resources, was then improved with the case studies results<br>Doutorado<br>Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica
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Webb, Jennifer Colley. "Environmental contamination of fish and humans through deforestation and oil extraction in Andean Amazonia." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94963.
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This dissertation assesses the levels of mercury in fish and human populations and PAHs in local communities along three rivers in the Ecuadorian and Peruvian Amazon. Land use changes in the Amazon are begetting numerous negative impacts on both ecosystems and local populations. One negative consequence of deforestation is the contamination of local ecosystems by mercury (Hg), a potent neurotoxic agent, which is leached from soils when river-side plots are cleared. In the Andean Amazon, the incursion of petroleum companies has led to road construction, colonization and areas of intense deforestation. The techniques used in the extraction of oil in this remote and overlooked region have left a legacy of contamination, specifically heavy metals such as Hg and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Limited research has evaluated the degree of Hg contamination in the Andean Amazon and less research still has determined the state of contamination as a result of oil extraction. The purpose of this research is to uncover the extent of contamination in fisheries and human populations reliant on the fish and water resources of the area. Eight communities along three white water rivers the Napo River (Ecuador), the Corrientes River (Peru) and the Pastaza River (Peru) with differing degrees of deforestation and oil extraction were studied. Questionnaires were administered to 192 people who accepted to provide hair samples. Samples of commonly eaten fish were collected. A subsample of the study population (n=76) also provided a urine sample. Biological samples of fish (n=486), human hair and urine were analysed for Hg and samples of urine were analysed for 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a metabolite of one of the most common PAHs. Regression analysis was used to draw links between contamination levels and socio-demographic, dietary and occupational characteristics of the population. One health outcome miscarriages was evaluated in the questionnaires and examined in<br>Cette thèse examine et compare les niveaux de mercure et de HAP dans les communautés riveraines de trois bassins de l'Amazonie péruvienne et équatorienne. Les impacts des changements de vocation des terres en Amazonie sont multiples, tant sur les écosystèmes que sur les populations qui en dépendent. Une des conséquences du déboisement est la contamination des écosystèmes aquatiques par le mercure (Hg), un puissant neurotoxique, dû à l'érosion des berges et la migration de ce métal lourd contenu dans les sols. En Amazonie andine, l'incursion des compagnies pétrolières a mené à la construction de route, la colonisation et la déforestation de vastes pans de forêt. Les méthodes d'extraction pétrolière utilisées dans ces régions isolées et souvent ignorées ont entraîné un legs de pollution en métaux lourds (dont le Hg) et en hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP). Peu d'étude ont évalué l'amplitude de la contamination au Hg en Amazonie andine et encore moins ont évalué celle liée à l'extraction pétrolière. Le but de cette recherche est de déterminer le spectre de ces contaminations dans les poissons et les communautés riveraines amazoniennes dont la diète en dépend. Cette étude porte sur 8 communautés basées dans 3 bassins de rivière à eaux blanches (Napo (Équateur), Corrientes (Pérou) et Pastaza (Pérou)) au niveau de déboisement et d'extraction pétrolière distincts. 192 personnes ont participé à l'étude et à la collecte d'échantillon de cheveux. Un sous-groupe (n = 76) de cette population à l'étude a participé à la collecte d'échantillon d'urine. Des échantillons des poissons les plus fréquemment consommés furent prélevés (n=486). Les niveaux de Hg et de 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), un métabolite d'un des HAP les plus communs, furent mesurés dans les échantillons de cheveux, d'urine et de poisson. Des régressions linéaires furent utilisées pour identifier les corrélations entre les nivea
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Vasconcellos, Ana Maria de Albuquerque. "A state-sponsored socio-environmental development programme in action : the ProAmbiente, Amazonia, Brazil." Thesis, Swansea University, 2008. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42639.
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The thesis seeks to demonstrate the space of interaction that has emerged between federal government and rural communities during the implementation of a state- sponsored socio-environmental development programme at community level in Brazilian Amazonia. This thesis seeks to show how demands from the grass-roots has scaled up to public policy, incorporated changes and has scaled down to local communities during the implementation process. Secondly, it investigates how a state-sponsored development programme - using a popular participation approach, carried out by federal government and intermediated by NGOs - interacts with, and impacts on, local communities. The research deals with: (1) the socio-political context that influenced the creation of a socio-environmental development programme for rural communities in Brazilian Amazonia; (2) the route of identification, incorporation and changes of rural communities' priorities within the programme; and (3) the impacts of the programme actions on rural communities. The ProAmbiente (a socio-environmental development programme for rural family-based production) was chosen for examination as a case study because it seeks to implement a new logic of production in rural Amazonia conceptualised by federal government as productive conservation. This concept seeks to provide a link between the growth of production in the rural economy and the conservation of the environment. Through a methodology involving three levels of qualitative analysis (macro-, intermediary- and local-level), the study reconstitutes the socio-political context that influenced the creation of the ProAmbiente, describes the mechanisms of interaction between the federal government and the rural communities, points to the factors that have facilitated and/or hampered the implementation of the ProAmbiente, reveals contradictions within the ProAmbiente implementation and shows the impacts of the programme on the rural communities. Using material from communities, the NGOs and the governmental sources, research was conducted in Brasilia (capital of Brazil), Belem (capital of Para state) and six rural communities (three communities located in the munidpio of Soure and three located in the municipio of Concordia do Para), within Para state. The research shows that the interaction between social movements, NGOs and political parties is an important mechanism to press federal government for the construction of a development programme. From this interaction it was possible to incorporate local people's voices and scale up rural communities' demands for the creation of a public space for interaction between local people and the federal government. However, the research reveals that once the state encompasses local people's demands and creates a development programme, the development model absorbs multi-actor interests that change local people's proposals. In the case of the ProAmbiente, the external pressure for conservation of the environment resulted in the creation of the concept of productive conservation to develop livelihoods that should be mediated by local people's culture and knowledge. However, the research shows that, although the ProAmbiente recognises local people's culture and knowledge, in practice these issues are not viewed as a priority in the programme's actions. The research concludes that the ProAmbiente and similar programmes that pay individual families for environmental protection should not be conducted in isolation but in conjunction with the complementary programmes that address local people's needs for educational, health and land titling services.
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Garra, Simone. "The awakening of Kumpanam: History and myth at an environmental conflict in the Amazonia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/79445.
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Desde hace algunos años, en la cuenca del río Cenepa (departamento de Amazonas, Perú), los comuneros awajún están luchando en contra de la actividad minera en la Cordillera del Cóndor, territorio donde se encuentran las cabeceras de los ríos que atraviesan su territorio. En las comunidades se ha revitalizado el mito de Kumpanam, un antepasado asociado a un cerro ubicado en los alrededores de las instalaciones de la compañía minera. En este artículo, quiero mostrar cómo el mito de Kumpanam cobra un nuevo significado en la actual coyuntura social y ambiental de la zona. El nuevo discurso indígena sobre Kumpanam brinda elementos para conceptualizar las interrelaciones entre «historia» y «mito».<br>In the last years the Awajún people, settled in the Río Cenepa watershed (Department of Amazonas, Peru) are struggling to defend their land from the impact of the mining activities in the Cordillera del Condor mountains. The myth of Kumpanan, an ancestor associated to the homonymous pick, located in the mining area, has been revitalized, with a new meaning, mirroring the current social and environmental contingency of the area. This contributes to rethink the linkages existing between «history» and «myth».
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Knox, Ryan Gary. "Land conversion in Amazonia and Northern South America : influences on regional hydrology and ecosystem response." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79489.
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Thesis (Ph. D. in the Field of Hydrology)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2013.<br>"February 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 345-358).<br>A numerical model of the terrestrial biosphere (Ecosystem Demography Model) is compbined with an atmospheric model (Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System) to investigate how land conversion in the Amazon and Northern South America have changed the hydrology of the region, and to see if those changes are significant enough to produce an ecological response. Two numerical realizations of the structure and composition of terrestrial vegetation are used as boundary conditions in a simulation of the regional land surface and atmosphere. One realization seeks to capture the present day vegetation condition that includes human deforestation and land-conversion, the other is an estimate of the potential structure and composition of the region without human influence. Model output is assessed for consistent and significant differences in hydrometeorology. Locations that show compelling differences are taken as case studies. The seasonal biases in precipitation at these locations are then used to create perturbations to long-term climate datasets. These perturbations then drive long-term simulations of dynamic vegetation to see if the climate consistent with a potential regional vegetation could elicit a change in the vegetation equilibrium at the site. Results show that South American land conversion has had consistent impacts on the regional patterning of precipitation. At some locations, changes in precipitation are persistent and constitute a significant fraction of total precipitation. Land-conversion has decreased mean continental evaporation and increased mean moisture convergence. Case study simulations of long term vegetation dynamic indicate that a hydrologic climate consistent with regional potential vegetation can indeed have significant influence on ecosystem structure and composition, particularly in water limited growth conditions.<br>by Ryan Gary Knox.<br>Ph.D.in the Field of Hydrology
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Fernández-Llamazares, Onrubia Álvaro. "Indigenous knowledge of a changing environment: An ethnoecological perspective from Bolivian Amazonia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/327020.
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Los pueblos indígenas se enfrentan a un creciente número de amenazas causadas por el Cambio Ambiental Global. Dado el ritmo sin precedentes de los cambios ambientales actuales, los investigadores debaten si dichas amenazas podrían perjudicar también la capacidad de adaptación que confiere el conocimiento indígena. Al hallarse a caballo entre las ciencias naturales y sociales, la etnoecología cuenta con una posición estratégica para examinar hasta qué punto el conocimiento indígena puede ayudar a la adaptación ante cambios ambientales rápidos.
Esta tesis doctoral es el resultado de un estudio interdisciplinar de tres años que aborda las relaciones entre el Cambio Ambiental Global y el Conocimiento Ambiental Local de una sociedad nativa de la Amazonia boliviana: los cazadores-recolectores tsimane’. Al enfrentarse a condiciones socio-ecológicas cambiantes y estando aún muy alejados del discurso científico sobre el cambio global antropogénico, los Tsimane’ constituyen un caso de estudio adecuado para entender cómo las percepciones locales del Cambio Ambiental Global son captadas en la memoria social de los pueblos indígenas.
La principal línea argumental del presente trabajo es que el Cambio Ambiental Global cuenta con manifestaciones directas a escala local, incluyendo cambios en el clima, el ecosistema y la disponibilidad de recursos naturales. En sus cuatro capítulos centrales, esta disertación investiga de forma empírica: (a) el uso potencial del conocimiento indígena para complementar los modelos científicos que evalúan el cambio climático; (b) la relación entre las observaciones locales de cambio climático y la asimilación de información científica; (c) los límites de la capacidad adaptativa del Conocimiento Ambiental Local en un contexto de cambio rápido; y (d) el papel de las percepciones locales de cambio como estímulo de adaptación a los impactos ecológicos.
Esta investigación incluyó la recolección de datos cualitativos y cuantitativos durante 15 meses de trabajo de campo en 23 comunidades del Territorio Tsimane’. Utilicé métodos comunes en investigación etnoecológica tales como la observación participativa, los grupos focales, y la recogida sistemática de datos. Realicé específicamente entrevistas semi-estructuradas sobre la percepción de cambio ambiental (n = 300 adultos), pruebas de conocimiento para evaluar los niveles individuales de Conocimiento Ambiental Local (n = 99) y una prueba controlada aleatorizada (n = 442). Adicionalmente, se recogieron datos climáticos y ecológicos para obtener estimaciones científicas de los cambios ambientales en el área de estudio.
Los resultados de esta disertación muestran que los Tsimane’ identifican un amplio número de indicadores locales de cambio ambiental. Dichos indicadores podrían ayudar a completar vacíos en los registros instrumentales de Cambio Ambiental Global. Esta tesis también muestra la existencia de una superposición entre el conocimiento indígena y los registros científicos de cambio climático, así como el papel instrumental que juegan las percepciones locales en propiciar respuestas colectivas para adaptarse al cambio. Sin embargo, los hallazgos de esta tesis también ilustran cómo el Cambio Ambiental Global supone un desafío para la capacidad de adaptación del Conocimiento Ambiental Local, al ensanchar la brecha temporal entre la velocidad de cambio del ecosistema y la velocidad de cambio del conocimiento indígena.
La presente tesis aporta nuevos conocimientos a la discusión teórica sobre la efectividad del Conocimiento Ambiental Local en un contexto de cambios socio-ecológicos rápidos y sin precedentes. Los resultados de este trabajo destacan la importancia de trazar planes estratégicos para apoyar la adaptación del conocimiento indígena ante cambios ambientales cada vez más significativos. Esta investigación también muestra la importancia del Conocimiento Ambiental Local para informar y facilitar procesos de adaptación, particularmente en territorios indígenas. Dados estos resultados, abogo por la integración de los pueblos indígenas en los foros globales de políticas ambientales, así como el reconocimiento de sus sistemas de conocimiento en el ámbito científico.<br>Indigenous peoples are increasingly facing threats resulting from a changing global environment. Given the unprecedented rates of ongoing Global Environmental Change, there is scholarly debate on whether these threats might also undermine the adaptive capacity of indigenous knowledge. Due to its strategic position bridging the natural and social sciences, ethnoecology is well-placed to examine to what extent indigenous knowledge is adaptive in the face of rapid environmental changes.
This PhD thesis is the result of a three-year interdisciplinary study aiming to understand the relations between Global Environmental Change and the Local Environmental Knowledge held by a native society in Bolivian Amazonia: the Tsimane’ hunter-gatherers. Facing rapidly changing social-ecological conditions and with the scientific discourse on anthropogenic global change still largely inaccessible to this group, the Tsimane’ constitute a suitable case study for casting light on how local perceptions of Global Environmental Change are captured in the social memory of indigenous peoples.
The main argumentative line of this work is that Global Environmental Change has direct expressions at the local scale, including changes related to climate, the ecosystem and the availability of natural resources. In its four central chapters, this dissertation empirically investigates: (a) the potential use of indigenous knowledge for complementing scientific models assessing climate change; (b) the interplay between local observations of climate change and the uptake of scientific information; (c) the limits of the adaptive capacity of Local Environmental Knowledge in a context of rapid change; and (d) the role of local perceptions of change as drivers of adaptation to ecological shocks.
This research involved qualitative and quantitative data collection during 15 months of fieldwork in 23 villages of the Tsimane’ Territory. I used a number of methods common to ethnoecological research, including participant observation, focus groups and systematic data collection. I specifically conducted semi-structured interviews on environmental change perceptions (n = 300 adults), knowledge tests to assess individual levels of Local Environmental Knowledge (n = 99) and a randomised controlled trial (n = 442). Additional climate and ecological data were sourced to obtain scientific estimates of environmental changes in the study area.
The results of this dissertation show that the Tsimane’ identify a wide array of local indicators of environmental change. Such indicators could help to fill gaps in instrumental records of Global Environmental Change. This thesis also shows the existence of a significant overlap between Tsimane’ indigenous knowledge and scientific climate change records, as well as the instrumental role that local perceptions play in sparking collective responses for adapting to change. However, findings from this work also illustrate how Global Environmental Change challenges the adaptive capacity of Local Environmental Knowledge by widening the temporal gap between the rates of change in the ecosystem and the rates of change in the knowledge held by indigenous societies.
This thesis brings new insights to the theoretical discussion on the effectiveness of Local Environmental Knowledge in the context of rapid and unprecedented social-ecological changes. Results of this work stress the importance of devising strategic plans to support the resilience of indigenous knowledge in the face of ever encroaching environmental changes. This study also shows the importance of building upon Local Environmental Knowledge for informing and facilitating adaptive processes, particularly in areas inhabited by indigenous groups. Given these findings, I argue for an integration of indigenous peoples in global environmental policy fora, as well as for the recognition of their knowledge systems in scientific scholarship.
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Andrade, João Paulo Soares de. "A implantação do pagamento por serviços ecossistemicos no territorio Portal da Amazonia : uma analise economico-ecologica." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/285342.
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Orientador: Ademar Ribeiro Romeiro<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-11T00:18:43Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: A conservação dos recursos naturais é importante dado os inúmeros serviços ecossistêmicos que estes proporcionam, como é o caso do Território Portal da Amazônia, localizado no Norte do Mato Grosso, Brasil. Esta área é classificada pelo Ministério do Meio Ambiente como de extrema importância biológica e por conseqüência recomendada para ações com o objetivo de conservação da biodiversidade. O Território registra as mais altas taxas de desmatamento na região amazônica em função da principal atividade agrícola, a pecuária, que ocupa mais de 90% da área aberta e que continua a se expandir aceleradamente. Este trabalho procurou responder sobre a viabilidade de aplicação de instrumento econômico, o Pagamento por Serviços Ecossistêmicos (PSE), para o fornecimento de dois serviços, o seqüestro de carbono e a biodiversidade. O emprego da análise multicritério mostrou ser mais indicado para uma proposta de política ambiental para essa área, o estabelecimento de ação combinada de recuperação de matas ciliares com o reflorestamento de áreas degradadas. O link entre esse resultado e os princípios básicos que devem orientar a formulação de PSE permitiu concluir ser possível a implementação de um programa Território<br>Abstract: The conservation of natural resources is important because of the innumerous ecosystem services that those can provide, as occurs in the Território Portal da Amazônia, located in the North of Mato Grosso, Brazil. This area is classified by the Ministry of the Environment as being of extreme biological importance and consequently recommended for action with the objective of conserving the biodiversity. The territory registers the highest rate of deforestation in the Amazonian area due to the main agricultural activity, livestock, which occupies more than 90% of the agricultural area and continues to expand quickly. This work tried to answer the question about the viability of applying the economical instrument, the Payment for Ecosystems Services (PES), in order to supply two services, the carbon sequestering and biodiversity. The use of the multicriterial analysis appeared to be more appropriate for a proposal of ambiental politics in this area, the establishment of combined action for recovery of cilliary forests
with the reforestation of degraded areas. The union between this result and the analysis of the basic principles should orientate the formulation of the PES, permitted to conclude that it is possible to implement such a program in this Territory<br>Mestrado<br>Economia do Meio Ambiente<br>Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
Books on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Dourojeanni, Marc J. Amazonia, qué hacer? Centro de Estudios Teológicos de la Amazonia, 1990.
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Amazonia probable y deseable: Ensayo sobre el presente y futuro de la Amazonia. Universidad Inca Garcilaso de la Vega, Fondo Editorial, 2011.
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Environment and the law in Amazonia: A plurilateral encounter. Sussex Academic Press, 2013.
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Cooper, J. M., and Christine Hunefeldt. Environment and the law in Amazonia: A plurilateral encounter. Sussex Academic Press, 2013.
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1945-, Wood Charles H., ed. Contested frontiers in Amazonia. Columbia University Press, 1992.
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United Nations Environment Programme. Perspectivas del medio ambiente en la Amazonía: Geo Amazonia. Programa de las Naciones Unidas para el Medio Ambiente, 2009.
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Sustaining Amazonia: Grassroots action for productive conservation. Manchester University Press, 1997.
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Cesar Victor do Espírito Santo. Cost of implantation of conservation units in Legal Amazonia. FUNATURA, 1992.
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Brazil. Secretaria de Coordenação dos Assuntos da Amazônia Legal. Agenda 21 for Amazonia: Basis for discussion. Ministry of the Environment, Water Resources and the Legal Amazonia, Secretariat for the Coordination of Amazonian Affairs, 1997.
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Gutiérrez, Mario Mejía. Amazonia colombiana: Historia del uso de la tierra. Consejo Regional de Planificación Corpes de la Amazonia, 1993.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Fearnside, Philip M. "Environmental Destruction in the Brazilian Amazon." In The Future of Amazonia. Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21068-8_8.
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Vilani, Rodrigo Machado, and Walter Leal Filho. "Amazonia: Indigenous and Environmental Setbacks in Brazil." In The Latin American Studies Book Series. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29153-2_16.
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White, Iain. "The Question of Justice." In Environmental Planning in Context. Macmillan Education UK, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-31566-3_10.
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Pennington, R. Toby, and Christopher W. Dick. "Diversification of the Amazonian Flora and its Relation to key Geological and Environmental Events: A Molecular Perspective." In Amazonia: Landscape and Species Evolution. Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444306408.ch23.
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Glasbergen, Pieter. "The Question of Environmental Governance." In Co-operative Environmental Governance. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5143-6_1.
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Paillé, Pascal. "The Question of Non-Environmental Behaviors." In Greening the Workplace. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58388-0_4.
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Nyborg, Karine. "“Eco Domestic Product”: The Answer to Which Question?" In Approaches to Environmental Accounting. Physica-Verlag HD, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-49977-7_17.
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Capdevilla, Manuel Joel Díaz. "Environmental Penal Control in Venezuela: Amazonia and the Orinoco Mining Arc." In The 21st Century Fight for the Amazon. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56552-1_7.
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Houser, Christine M. "General Environmental Medicine Question and Answer Items." In Pediatric Tricky Topics, Volume 1. Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1859-1_3.
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Mondello, Gérard. "Environmental Industrial Regulation and the Private Codes Question." In Voluntary Approaches in Environmental Policy. Springer Netherlands, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-015-9311-3_8.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Levkovskaia, D. A., I. S. Trapeznikova, and I. V. Tselikhina. "Economic assessment of environmental land degradation in regions with developed mining industry." In General question of world science. "Наука России", 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/gq-30-03-2019-15.
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Fauquet, Regis S., and Jun Okushi. "Architectural Ideas Relating to the Question of Human Body Motion in Microgravity." In International Conference On Environmental Systems. SAE International, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/911498.
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Paripas, A. N., and T. Ormos. "Ambiguity Question in Kinematic Multilayer Refraction Inversion." In Near Surface 2011 - 17th EAGE European Meeting of Environmental and Engineering Geophysics. EAGE Publications BV, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20144451.
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Mueller, A., C. Graebsch, G. Wichmann, M. Bauer, and O. Herbarth. "How to predict the potential effect of chemicals on human health: an extended question of environmental toxicology." In ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2006. WIT Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/etox060011.
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Bianchini Bonotto, D. M. "Environmental education and the health risk question: how do we educate the educators working with this theme?" In ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RISK 2007. WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ehr070231.
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Ma, Ning, Hongzhi Yu, Fucheng Wan, and Xiangzhen He. "Tibetan question parsing integrated with phrase structure and event feature." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Civil, Architecture and Environmental Engineering (ICCAE2016). CRC Press/Balkema, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315116242-44.
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Kemesh, E., and N. Pushkarev. "TO THE QUESTION OF THE FORMATION OF METROLOGICAL LITERACY OF STUDENTS OF MEDICAL PHYSICS." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2020: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. Minsk, ICC of Minfin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2020-1-159-163.
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Sokáč, Marek. "Determination of the Longitudinal Dispersion Coefficient in Lowland Streams with Occurrence of Dead Zones." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.088.
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Paper describes the field tracer experiments – determination of the coefficient of longitudinal dispersion in streams of lowland type (channels, small slopes and velocities) with expected occurrence of dead zones. Tracer experiments were carried out on three different streams in south Slovakia. The evaluation of field measurements confirmed in all cases the presence of dead zones, i.e. stream sections and regions with the appearance of small velocities that were formed due to the extensive presence of vegetation in the stream. These areas capture part of the transported substance (tracer) and then gradually release the substance and incorporated it back into the stream, creating a significant distortion of the tracer concentration time course. Strong influence of the dead zones raises the question of the adequacy using standard analytical solutions, whether for determining the coefficient of longitudinal dispersion or for modelling the dispersion of pollution or other substances carried by the stream.
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Duchnowski, Robert, and Zbigniew Wisniewski. "Msplit and MP estimation. A wider range of robustness." In Environmental Engineering. VGTU Technika, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/enviro.2017.185.
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Msplit and MP estimations are new methods of assessing the parameters of functional models of geodetic observations. The first method assumes that each observation can be assigned to either of some functional models which differ from each other in competitive parameters. While the latter method is based on the assumption that distributions of measurement errors differ from the normal one in asymmetry and excess kurtosis. The theoretical properties indicate that both methods are also robust against outliers. However, the sense of robustness is a little wider than in the case of M-estimation. In Msplit estimation the outliers are treated as variables with competitive functional models (in relation to models of “good” observations) while robustness of MP estimation depends on the mentioned parameters of probabilistic models of observations. This paper shows that on one hand robustness is an interesting property of the methods in question, but on the other hand it broadens possible application of such estimation methods.
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Ferreira, M. I. P., and D. S. Mello. "Nature Conservancy versus Traditional People's Rigths: Applying Environmental Valuation as an Environmental Justice Strategy for Mediating Conflicts Stablished by the Creation of an Integral Protection Conservation Unit and Riverside Traditional Population Permanence in Ecological Station of Terra do Meio, Pará, Amazonia, Brazil." In Workshop on Environmental Management and Sustainability. Instituto Federal de Educação, Ciência e Tecnologia Fluminense, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.19180/wems-2014-a05.
Full textReports on the topic "Environmental Question of Amazonia"
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Dunn, C. E., and R. S. Angélica. Evaluation of biogeochemistry as a tool in mineral exploration and in monitoring environmental mercury dispersion in the Tapajós gold district, Amazonia, Brazil. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/211400.
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Reed, Dawn, and Gregory Shott. UNREVIEWED DISPOSAL QUESTION EVALUATION: Disposal of the Perma-Fix Environmental Services Macroencapsulated Sealed Sources at the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601661.
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Reed, Dawn, and Gregory Shott. UNREVIEWED DISPOSAL QUESTION EVALUATION: Disposal of the Perma-Fix Environmental Services Stabilized Low-Level Waste at the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1601285.
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Reed, Dawn, and Gregory Shott. Unreviewed Disposal Question Evaluation: Disposal of the Perma-Fix Environmental Services Classified Stabilized Low-Level Waste at the Area 5 Radioactive Waste Management Site, Nevada National Security Site, Nye County, Nevada. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1529132.
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Phuong, Vu Tan, Nguyen Van Truong, and Do Trong Hoan. Commune-level institutional arrangements and monitoring framework for integrated tree-based landscape management. World Agroforestry, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp21024.pdf.
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Governance is a difficult task in the context of achieving landscape multifunctionality owing to the multiplicity of stakeholders, institutions, scale and ecosystem services: the ‘many-multiple’ (Cockburn et al 2018). Governing and managing the physical landscape and the actors in the landscape requires intensive knowledge and good planning systems. Land-use planning is a powerful instrument in landscape governance because it directly guides how actors will intervene in the physical landscape (land use) to gain commonly desired value. It is essential for sustaining rural landscapes and improving the livelihoods of rural communities (Bourgoin and Castella 2011, Bourgoin et al 2012, Rydin 1998), ensuring landscape multifunctionality (Nelson et al 2009, Reyers et al 2012) and enhancing efficiency in carbon sequestration, in particular (Bourgoin et al 2013, Cathcart et al 2007). It is also considered critical to the successful implementation of land-based climate mitigation, such as under Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs), because the Land Use, Land-Use Change and Forestry (LULUCF) sector is included in the mitigation contributions of nearly 90 percent of countries in Sub-Saharan and Southern Asia countries and in the Latin American and Caribbean regions (FAO 2016). Viet Nam has been implementing its NDC, which includes forestry and land-based mitigation options under the LULUCF sector. The contribution of the sector to committed national emission reduction is significant and cost-effective compared with other sectors. In addition to achieving emission reduction targets, implementation of forestry and land-based mitigation options has the highest benefits for social-economic development and achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (MONRE 2020). Challenges, however, lie in the way national priorities and targets are translated into sub-national delivery plans and the way sub-national actors are brought together in orchestration (Hsu et al 2019) in a context where the legal framework for climate-change mitigation is elaborated at national rather than sub-national levels and coordination between government bodies and among stakeholders is generally ineffective (UNDP 2018). In many developing countries, conventional ‘top–down’, centralized land-use planning approaches have been widely practised, with very little success, a result of a lack of flexibility in adapting local peculiarities (Amler et al 1999, Ducourtieux et al 2005, Kauzeni et al 1993). In forest–agriculture mosaic landscapes, the fundamental question is how land-use planning can best conserve forest and agricultural land, both as sources of economic income and environmental services (O’Farrell and Anderson 2010). This paper provides guidance on monitoring integrated tree-based landscape management at commune level, based on the current legal framework related to natural resource management (land and forest) and the requirements of national green-growth development and assessment of land uses in two communes in Dien Bien and Son La provinces. The concept of integrated tree based landscape management in Viet Nam is still new and should be further developed for wider application across levels.
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Saville, Alan, and Caroline Wickham-Jones, eds. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland : Scottish Archaeological Research Framework Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.06.2012.163.
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Why research Palaeolithic and Mesolithic Scotland? Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology sheds light on the first colonisation and subsequent early inhabitation of Scotland. It is a growing and exciting field where increasing Scottish evidence has been given wider significance in the context of European prehistory. It extends over a long period, which saw great changes, including substantial environmental transformations, and the impact of, and societal response to, climate change. The period as a whole provides the foundation for the human occupation of Scotland and is crucial for understanding prehistoric society, both for Scotland and across North-West Europe. Within the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods there are considerable opportunities for pioneering research. Individual projects can still have a substantial impact and there remain opportunities for pioneering discoveries including cemeteries, domestic and other structures, stratified sites, and for exploring the huge evidential potential of water-logged and underwater sites. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology also stimulates and draws upon exciting multi-disciplinary collaborations. Panel Task and Remit The panel remit was to review critically the current state of knowledge and consider promising areas of future research into the earliest prehistory of Scotland. This was undertaken with a view to improved understanding of all aspects of the colonization and inhabitation of the country by peoples practising a wholly hunter-fisher-gatherer way of life prior to the advent of farming. In so doing, it was recognised as particularly important that both environmental data (including vegetation, fauna, sea level, and landscape work) and cultural change during this period be evaluated. The resultant report, outlines the different areas of research in which archaeologists interested in early prehistory work, and highlights the research topics to which they aspire. The report is structured by theme: history of investigation; reconstruction of the environment; the nature of the archaeological record; methodologies for recreating the past; and finally, the lifestyles of past people – the latter representing both a statement of current knowledge and the ultimate aim for archaeologists; the goal of all the former sections. The document is reinforced by material on-line which provides further detail and resources. The Palaeolithic and Mesolithic panel report of ScARF is intended as a resource to be utilised, built upon, and kept updated, hopefully by those it has helped inspire and inform as well as those who follow in their footsteps. Future Research The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarized under four key headings: Visibility: Due to the considerable length of time over which sites were formed, and the predominant mobility of the population, early prehistoric remains are to be found right across the landscape, although they often survive as ephemeral traces and in low densities. Therefore, all archaeological work should take into account the expectation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic ScARF Panel Report iv encountering early prehistoric remains. This applies equally to both commercial and research archaeology, and to amateur activity which often makes the initial discovery. This should not be seen as an obstacle, but as a benefit, and not finding such remains should be cause for question. There is no doubt that important evidence of these periods remains unrecognised in private, public, and commercial collections and there is a strong need for backlog evaluation, proper curation and analysis. The inadequate representation of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic information in existing national and local databases must be addressed. Collaboration: Multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross- sector approaches must be encouraged – site prospection, prediction, recognition, and contextualisation are key areas to this end. Reconstructing past environments and their chronological frameworks, and exploring submerged and buried landscapes offer existing examples of fruitful, cross-disciplinary work. Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology has an important place within Quaternary science and the potential for deeply buried remains means that geoarchaeology should have a prominent role. Innovation: Research-led projects are currently making a substantial impact across all aspects of Palaeolithic and Mesolithic archaeology; a funding policy that acknowledges risk and promotes the innovation that these periods demand should be encouraged. The exploration of lesser known areas, work on different types of site, new approaches to artefacts, and the application of novel methodologies should all be promoted when engaging with the challenges of early prehistory. Tackling the ‘big questions’: Archaeologists should engage with the big questions of earliest prehistory in Scotland, including the colonisation of new land, how lifestyles in past societies were organized, the effects of and the responses to environmental change, and the transitions to new modes of life. This should be done through a holistic view of the available data, encompassing all the complexities of interpretation and developing competing and testable models. Scottish data can be used to address many of the currently topical research topics in archaeology, and will provide a springboard to a better understanding of early prehistoric life in Scotland and beyond.