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1
Rachmawatie, Srie Juli, Adib Norma Respati, Nancy Oktyajati, Libria Widiastuti, Endang Siti Rahayu, and Joko Sutrisno. "PENERAPAN INTEGRATED FARMING SYSTEM (IFS) MENUJU DESA AGROWISATA DI DESA JATISARI, KECAMATAN JATISRONO, KABUPATEN WONOGIRI." SPEKTA (Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat : Teknologi dan Aplikasi) 2, no. 1 (June 11, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/spekta.v2i1.3295.
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Integrated Farming System is a management system for plants, livestock, and aquaculture with environment to produce an excellent product. The objectives of the community service activity were empowering Jatisari Village community to realize the Agrotourism Village, ensuring integrated farming systems run well and optimally, and making Jatisari Village a fostered village of the Faculty of Engineering, Science and Agriculture UNIBA. Integrated farming system is a system that combines agricultural activities, animal husbandry, fisheries, and forestry with other sciences related to agriculture in one land, so that it is expected to be one of the solutions for increasing land productivity, building programs and environmental conservation, and integrated village development. Entrepreneurship is also important to support the existence of agrotourism of Jatisari Village. Jatisari Village is prospective in developing agrotourism areas. Local potential, natural resources and human resources can be utilized to support the development of agrotourism areas
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Corbin, John S. "Marine Aquaculture: Today's Necessity for Tomorrow's Seafood." Marine Technology Society Journal 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2007): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533207787442150.
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Aquaculture is the fastest growing segment of the global food production sector, valued at $70.3 billion in 2004. In recent years, global capture fisheries have leveled off at around 95 mmt per year, with little or no prospect of increasing yields. The United Nations Food and Agricultural Organization (UNFAO) has concluded that increases in future seafood supplies must come from aquatic farming. The United States (U.S.) industry has been among the fastest growing agriculture sectors. Domestic seafood from capture and culture fisheries provides about 20% of annual consumption, the balance coming from imports. Future supply will come from either increasing imports or, preferably, expanding domestic aquaculture and fisheries sources. The greatest opportunity for domestic growth is marine aquaculture, particularly placement of large and small farms in the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ). Additional benefits can accrue if large-scale marine hatchery technology is developed, so that fingerlings can be produced for wild stock enhancement and management. Currently, there is no permitting and leasing regime for ocean farming in the U.S. EEZ. In response to several national commissions, the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), U.S. Department of Commerce (USDOC) is spearheading a bold effort to implement long-term marine aquaculture development objectives and create an EEZ permitting and leasing mechanism. Enabling legislation, entitled the National Offshore Aquaculture Act of 2007, is before Congress. Anchoring fish farms in the relatively shallow near shore and the EEZ is an exciting prospect for greater U.S. seafood self-sufficiency. However, there are many institutional, environmental and technical issues to resolve. More compelling is the prospect of developing new marine aquaculture technologies, e.g., single-point moorings, untethered cages, and integrated multi-trophic systems, to sustainably utilize the deep ocean beyond the EEZ. Successfully tackling this looming challenge will need the diverse expertise of the U.S. marine technology industry.
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Wong, M. H., Y. H. Cheung, S. F. Leung, and S. P. Wong. "Reclamation of polluted riverwater for aquaculture: removal of nutrients by microalgae." Water Science and Technology 32, no. 3 (August 1, 1995): 271–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0149.
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The present experiment was designed to simulate an on-going field trial at Au Tau Substation, Agriculture and Fisheries Department, Hong Kong Government, using a series of fishponds to treat polluted riverwater, as well as for promoting algal growth, before the water was used for rearing freshwater fish. It was revealed that aeration was necessary to lower the level of ammonia. It also accelerated the conversion of ammonia to nitrite, and then nitrite to nitrate. Substantial amounts of metal (K, Mg, Cu, Zn) were also removed from the riverwater, possibly by algal assimilation. The algal products contained a high crude protein content (42% dry weight basis) which could be used to feed carp and tilapia.
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Bostock, John, Brendan McAndrew, Randolph Richards, Kim Jauncey, Trevor Telfer, Kai Lorenzen, David Little, et al. "Aquaculture: global status and trends." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2897–912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0170.
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Aquaculture contributed 43 per cent of aquatic animal food for human consumption in 2007 (e.g. fish, crustaceans and molluscs, but excluding mammals, reptiles and aquatic plants) and is expected to grow further to meet the future demand. It is very diverse and, contrary to many perceptions, dominated by shellfish and herbivorous and omnivorous pond fish either entirely or partly utilizing natural productivity. The rapid growth in the production of carnivorous species such as salmon, shrimp and catfish has been driven by globalizing trade and favourable economics of larger scale intensive farming. Most aquaculture systems rely on low/uncosted environmental goods and services, so a critical issue for the future is whether these are brought into company accounts and the consequent effects this would have on production economics. Failing that, increased competition for natural resources will force governments to allocate strategically or leave the market to determine their use depending on activities that can extract the highest value. Further uncertainties include the impact of climate change, future fisheries supplies (for competition and feed supply), practical limits in terms of scale and in the economics of integration and the development and acceptability of new bio-engineering technologies. In the medium term, increased output is likely to require expansion in new environments, further intensification and efficiency gains for more sustainable and cost-effective production. The trend towards enhanced intensive systems with key monocultures remains strong and, at least for the foreseeable future, will be a significant contributor to future supplies. Dependence on external feeds (including fish), water and energy are key issues. Some new species will enter production and policies that support the reduction of resource footprints and improve integration could lead to new developments as well as reversing decline in some more traditional systems.
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Comín, Francisco A. "Management of the Ebro River Basin: Past, Present and Future." Water Science and Technology 40, no. 10 (November 1, 1999): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1999.0516.
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The Ebro River Basin (85,500 km2 in NE Spain) is characterised by a marked spatial heterogeneity of its geology, topography, climatology and land use. Many reservoirs (138, total water storage capacity of 6,837 hm3) and canals were constructed during this century for agricultural irrigation, electricity production and domestic use. Now, irrigation is allowed in 778,284 ha. There are also 40 aquaculture systems producing 35% of the total Spanish trout production. The mouth of the Ebro River (a 320 km2 delta area) is very productive for agriculture and fisheries. Industrial activities are localised in the upper NW and central parts of the Basin, causing low water quality in the fluvial system. Salinisation of land and river water occurs in the central part, because of salt dissolution, run-off from irrigated fields and groundwater abstraction. Present management is under the responsibility of different administrative agencies. A special agency is responsible for water control and distribution. A new management plan has been recently prepared with the major objective of satisfying the water demands, which are estimated as 7,000 hm3 yr−1 (18,200 hm3 yr−1 is the estimated available water). Most of this comes from agriculture for irrigation (6,310 hm3 yr−1), human use (313 hm3 yr−1) and industrial activities (414 hm3 yr−1). Water is also demanded from other basins. A total water demand of 10,771 hm3 yr−1 has been estimated in the Ebro Basin for the year 2015, maintaining similar proportions as before for the three major uses. In the future, saving and recycling water should be incorporated to the basin management as part of an strategy to distribute water as a function of existing and potential uses in the Basin and for promoting and re-adapting land and water uses to the availability of the resources, including inter-annual climatic fluctuations, and to preserve natural habitats.
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Terech-Majewska, Elżbieta, Joanna Pajdak, Jan Siemionek, and Wojciech Szweda. "Ichtyopathology in Poland: Past, present, future." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 73, no. 6 (2017): 375–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5699.
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The aim of the study was to present the history of ichtyopathology in Poland and the main achievements of researchers who developed this discipline. The pioneer of ichtyopathological research in Poland was the ichtyologist prof. Teodor Spiczakov, founder of the first Fish Diseases Laboratory at the Jagiellonian University (JU) and initiator of fishery veterinary service. After the Second World War, dr Stanisław F. Śnieszko, a researcher from JU, established a laboratory in the United States, renamed the National Fisheries Center in 1977. In writing about the beginnings of ichthyopathology in Poland, one must also mention prof. Bronisław Kocyłowski, founder and head of the Department of Fish Diseases at PIW in Puławy and lecturer at the Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS) and Maria Curie Skłodowska University in Lublin. Prof. Eugeniusz Grabda also contributed to the development of ichtyopathology. He headed the Inland Fisheries Institute (IFI), Fish Disease Laboratory and the Department of Ichthyology with the Department of Fish Diseases at the Fishery Department of the Academy of Agriculture and Technology (AAT) in Olsztyn and co-founded the Department of Marine Fisheries at the Agricultural Academy and the Department of Fish Diseases in Szczecin. In Żabieniec near Warsaw, IFI established a new Ichtiohygiene Division, renamed the Division of Pathology and Fish Immunology, formerly headed by prof. Maria Studnicka and now by prof. Andrzej K. Siwicki. Veterinary inspection in Poland is conducted by the Fish Diseases Laboratory at ZHW under the substantive supervision of the National Veterinary Research Institute & National Reference Laboratories at Fish Diseases Unit in Puławy, headed by prof. Jerzy Antychowicz. Currently the Unit is the National Reference Laboratory for the diagnostics of diseases of aquaculture animals, run by prof. Michal Reichert. Prof. J. Antychowicz and dr. Jan Żelazny taught for many years at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine at the WULS in Warsaw and at AAT in Olsztyn. The Polish Academy of Sciences has a Department of Ichtiopatology and Fishery Management in Gołysz, headed by prof. Andrzej Pilarczyk, who studies the biological basis of fish farming. “Fish diseases” is a mandatory subject at faculties of veterinary medicine in Poland, and every graduate of veterinary medicine possesses a basic knowledge in this field. The Division of Fish Diseases and Biology in Lublin has been operating since 1963 and for many years was headed by prof. Maria Prost, an authority on the parasitology of fish. The current head of the Division is prof. Antonina Sopińska. The Division of Hygiene Veterinary Laboratory and Fish Diseases Laboratory (later Division of Ichtyopathology) at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Wrocław University af Environmental and Life Sciences were previously headed by prof. Zbigniew Jara, and now by dr Wiktor Niemczuk. At the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, prof. Andrzej K. Siwicki and dr Elżbieta Terech-Majewska run the Fish Disease Laboratory and Veterinary Laboratory for Diagnostics of Fish, Amphibians and Reptiles, carry out scientific research, teach and cooperate with fish farmers.
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Wang, Yan, Chen Wang, Ruilian Zhang, and Junzhuo Xu. "Trade-Off Between Aquaculture Closures and Fishermen Livelihoods." SAGE Open 11, no. 2 (April 2021): 215824402110081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/21582440211008154.
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The prohibition of aquaculture is an important policy instrument for water quality protection. However, there are lack of observations on the complex interactions between stakeholders in the limiting or closing of fisheries and the internal cooperative mechanism that balances the restoration of water bodies and the livelihoods of fishermen. Using evolutionary game theory and modeling, this article analyzes the complex mutual feedback strategy between local government and the affected fishermen in regard to water body restoration and livelihood security under fishing prohibition. The results show that (a) the performance evaluation mechanism of environmental protection, including rewards and punishments, can provide direct political traction and indirect material guarantees for local governments to perform their duties and allow water body restoration and the transition of fishermen to alternative livelihoods. (b) Whether the local government actively promotes aquaculture closures is restricted by the improvement in the aquatic environment, the aquaculture development under the existing livelihood, and the industrial economic benefits of the new livelihood. And the capacity of them contribute to the overall development of the local government. The development of the net income of both parties in the negotiation will shape the direction of a series of public policies that focus on aquaculture closures.
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Xuan, Bui Bich, and Erlend Dancke Sandorf. "Potential for Sustainable Aquaculture: Insights from Discrete Choice Experiments." Environmental and Resource Economics 77, no. 2 (August 4, 2020): 401–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10640-020-00500-6.
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Abstract The growth in global aquaculture production may address the lack of sustainability in wild fisheries, alleviate poverty in rural and coastal areas, and help meet the worldwide increase in demand for animal protein. However, there is an ongoing debate about the severity of the environmental impact of aquaculture production. Investing in new high-tech production systems can address both productivity growth and the environmental externalities, but high investment costs hinder adoption of high-tech production methods. We investigate the potential of a payment for environmental services program easing access to capital for producers to increase willingness-to-invest in more sustainable aquaculture practices in Vietnam. We conducted two discrete choice experiments to explore the supply and demand side of the policy. First, we elicited the public’s willingness-to-pay to reduce the environmental impact of conventional shrimp aquaculture, and second, we elicited farmers willingness-to-accept a credit subsidy to invest in high-tech production methods. Our results show that the public care about reduced environmental impacts, while farmers strongly prefer increased productivity. Furthermore, the public’s willingness-to-pay for reduced environmental impacts exceeds producer’s willingness-to-accept a subsidy to invest under most scenarios. This implies a potential for more sustainable aquaculture production in Vietnam.
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Lam, Mimi E. "The Ethics and Sustainability of Capture Fisheries and Aquaculture." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Ethics 29, no. 1 (January 18, 2016): 35–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10806-015-9587-2.
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Bekyashev, Kamil, and Damir Bekyashev. "CURRENT ISSUES OF THE LEGAL STATUS AND ACTIVITIES OF THE FAO COMMITTEE ON FISHERIES." Fisheries 2021, no. 3 (June 7, 2021): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2021-3-41-46.
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The article examines the legal status of the FAO Committee on Fisheries and assesses the prospects for its development. The legal nature and competence of the two sub-committees of the FAO Committee on Fisheries, the Sub-Committee on Fish Trade and the Sub-Committee on Aquaculture, are analyzed in detail. The question of the feasibility of creating a new subcommittee on fisheries management and the legal aspects of its establishment was considered. The results of the last – 34th session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries were summed up and its importance for the development of international legal fisheries management was determined.
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Wu, Yan-Lun, Ming-An Lee, Lu-Chi Chen, Jui-Wen Chan, and Kuo-Wei Lan. "Evaluating a Suitable Aquaculture Site Selection Model for Cobia (Rachycentron canadum) during Extreme Events in the Inner Bay of the Penghu Islands, Taiwan." Remote Sensing 12, no. 17 (August 20, 2020): 2689. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12172689.
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Despite numerous studies on the effect of a cold weather disaster on fisheries in 2008, no operational systems have been developed to monitor the threat of such an event to mariculturists in the Penghu Islands (PHI) region of Taiwan. The present study employed a suitable aquaculture site selection map of the inner bay of the PHI to reduce aquaculture losses and mortality rates of cobia (Rachycentron canadum) during extreme events. Daily marine environmental data, including sea surface temperature (SST), chlorophyll-a concentration (chl-a), and wind speed in the winter, were collected. An extreme event was defined as a period of over 11 days in a month of strong winds (>6 m/s). Four parameters in the PHI inner bay, including SST, cold-water intrusion days, chl-a, and offshore distance to the PHI coastline, were used to evaluate suitable aquaculture sites for cobia culture. The results indicated that La Niña events could not be used as a factor to detect cold-water intrusion events and select suitable aquaculture sites in the PHI. The evaluated suitable aquaculture site selection map, obtained using an arithmetic mean model and a geometric mean model, revealed that the avoidance sites during extreme events were concentrated in the northern and northwestern PHI. Suitable areas were concentrated in the southeastern areas. We further suggested that commercial cobia aquaculture operations in the PHI inner bay could be moved to the suitable sites in southeastern PHI during extreme events.
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Jonch-Clausen, T., S. Hamrin, and O. Linden. "Workshop 6 (synthesis): water for efficient, sustainable fisheries and aquaculture." Water Science and Technology 51, no. 8 (April 1, 2005): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0249.
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Hoanh, C. T., T. P. Tuong, K. M. Gallop, J. W. Gowing, S. P. Kam, N. T. Khiem, and N. D. Phong. "Livelihood impacts of water policy changes: evidence from a coastal area of the Mekong river delta." Water Policy 5, no. 5-6 (October 1, 2003): 475–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2003.0030.
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The coastal zone of the Mekong river delta has experienced rapid economic and environmental changes during the last decade. Given the nature of the environment and the level of dependence on the natural resources base, policies for land and water were very influential in this process. The emphasis on rice created an imperative to control saline intrusion, which was realized through the construction of major engineering works over an extended period (1994-2000). The inertia built up by this process led to a divergence between policy and practice, and adversely affected the livelihoods of fishers and of those farmers who live on aquaculture. This prompted the government to rethink the rice-focus policy, in favor of a land and water policy for balanced rice and aquaculture production. This paper describes an analytical process, which was adopted to explore the feasibility of adopting the new policy for the balanced development of both rice and shrimp production and discusses the impact of the new policy on farmers’ livelihoods.
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Shea, Dylan, Andrew Bateman, Shaorong Li, Amy Tabata, Angela Schulze, Gideon Mordecai, Lindsey Ogston, et al. "Environmental DNA from multiple pathogens is elevated near active Atlantic salmon farms." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 287, no. 1937 (October 21, 2020): 20202010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2020.2010.
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The spread of infection from reservoir host populations is a key mechanism for disease emergence and extinction risk and is a management concern for salmon aquaculture and fisheries. Using a quantitative environmental DNA methodology, we assessed pathogen environmental DNA in relation to salmon farms in coastal British Columbia, Canada, by testing for 39 species of salmon pathogens (viral, bacterial, and eukaryotic) in 134 marine environmental samples at 58 salmon farm sites (both active and inactive) over 3 years. Environmental DNA from 22 pathogen species was detected 496 times and species varied in their occurrence among years and sites, likely reflecting variation in environmental factors, other native host species, and strength of association with domesticated Atlantic salmon. Overall, we found that the probability of detecting pathogen environmental DNA (eDNA) was 2.72 (95% CI: 1.48, 5.02) times higher at active versus inactive salmon farm sites and 1.76 (95% CI: 1.28, 2.42) times higher per standard deviation increase in domesticated Atlantic salmon eDNA concentration at a site. If the distribution of pathogen eDNA accurately reflects the distribution of viable pathogens, our findings suggest that salmon farms serve as a potential reservoir for a number of infectious agents; thereby elevating the risk of exposure for wild salmon and other fish species that share the marine environment.
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Bell, Johann D., Alexandre Ganachaud, Peter C. Gehrke, Shane P. Griffiths, Alistair J. Hobday, Ove Hoegh-Guldberg, Johanna E. Johnson, et al. "Mixed responses of tropical Pacific fisheries and aquaculture to climate change." Nature Climate Change 3, no. 6 (March 10, 2013): 591–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nclimate1838.
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Stoklosa, R. T. "PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL RISK MANAGEMENT-GORGON LNG PROJECT CASE STUDY." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98040.
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Stoklosa Engineering has been working with the petroleum industry to develop an environmental risk management methodology that can be generally applied to petroleum industry activities. In particular, the methodology is for assessing and managing ecological risk in sensitive marine environments.This paper introduces a management and technical methodology for the risk assessment process that has been applied to planning scenarios for the Gorgon LNG Project. The methodology has evolved from earlier efforts by petroleum operators and government in Western Australia to quantify ecological risk. The principles of Standards Australia risk management publications, State risk management initiatives and international approaches have been preserved in the methodology.The basis for a quantitative analysis of the likelihood of an incident is described, with a qualitative or semiquantitative analysis of the severity of the potential consequences. The technical approach adopts the principles of AS/NZS 4360 for risk management, and characterises risk for decision makers in an unambiguous manner. The methodology leads to a clear understanding of the benefits of risk management, and allows proponents the opportunity to reduce risk to acceptable levels. The risks of development should be interpreted in the context of naturally occurring hazards to environmental systems (e.g. cyclones and coral spawning slicks), human activities (e.g. recreation, fisheries and aquaculture), and the natural variability of ecosystems.The Gorgon LNG Project case study characterises risk in terms of credible incident scenarios and baseline operational activities from project planning scenarios. The inputs to the risk assessment are release scenarios, fate and transport modelling, response mechanisms in sensitive species, and recovery mechanisms following exposure. The methodology can be broadly applied to offshore and onshore development projects and environmental management programs, as it is presented as a repeatable process that can incorporate various types of risk analysis methods.
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Szuster, Brian W., Carrie Steckler, and Bundit Kullavanijaya. "Detecting and Managing Coastal Fisheries and Aquaculture Gear Using Satellite Radar Imagery." Coastal Management 36, no. 3 (May 27, 2008): 318–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08920750801968330.
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Rérat, A., and S. J. Kaushik. "Nutrition, animal production and the environment." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 10 (May 1, 1995): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0360.
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With increasing demographic growth, there will be an ever increasing demand for greater food production over the turn of this century. Seen from today's productivist point of view, this is not too difficult a challenge to meet. Besides socio-economic and geopolitical considerations, it is now of the utmost importance to consider any such increase in food production from a global environmental perspective. Man-made changes to the environment are numerous, some perhaps irredeemable. The essential human activities of agriculture, animal production and fisheries also affect the environment and some quantitative data are available on such impacts. Each progress in increasing agricultural resources (reclaiming new land areas for agriculture, increase in land productivity, intensification of animal production etc.,) is not without disadvantages (deforestation, pollution of underground water through different contaminants). Intensification of land animal production, facilitated also by progress in biotechnological methods leads to increased contamination of the natural food chain and to the concentration of effluents. Aquatic production, currently undergoing tremendous progress, is also facing several such dangers: over-exploitation of natural resources; slow disappearance of natural breeding grounds; increased pollution of water through industrial, agricultural and aquacultural activities. Every such menace to the future of food production has its solution. Even the application of already available knowledge can prevent further deterioration of our land, air and aquatic environment for sustained production. But, local socioeconomic pressures and lack of concern or education often prevent us from obtaining the ideal balance between food production and environment.
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Bykov, Andrey. "Results of the fishery survey of channel ponds of the Kursk region." Fisheries 2021, no. 4 (July 28, 2021): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.37663/0131-6184-2021-4-61-67.
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The article presents the results of a cadastral fisheries survey of a group of riverbed ponds located within the boundaries of certain municipal districts of the Kursk region in the summer of 2019. The comparative fishery characteristics of water bodies based on a complex of morphometric, hydrochemical, hydrobiological and ichthyological indicators are presented. The question of the potential use of this group of water bodies for pasture aquaculture is considered based on the results of their bonitirovochnoy assessment for a number of fish-breeding indicators.
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Alvarez-Lajonchere, Luis, Orlando Laiz-Averhoff, and Eusebio Perigo-Arnaud. "RIVER DAM EFFECTS ON CUBAN FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE DEVELOPMENT WITH RECOMMENDATIONS FOR MITIGATION." Environmental Engineering and Management Journal 17, no. 2 (2018): 491–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.30638/eemj.2018.050.
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RIGOS, G., K. BITCHAVA, and I. NENGAS. "Antibacterial drugs in products originating from aquaculture: assessing the risks to public welfare." Mediterranean Marine Science 11, no. 1 (February 16, 2010): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.89.
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As aquaculture expands to meet human demand and compensate for pessimistic forecasts of fisheries catches, usage of antibacterial agents to combat or forestall bacterial diseases is still a necessity, although effective vaccines and improved hygiene have aided drastically to this battle. The hazards for the consumer perspective arising from the imprudent use of such chemicals can be detrimental especially if the residues persist above legal tolerance. These may include selection and dissemination of resistant bacteria, disruption of the colonization barrier in the human intestinal flora and allergic reactions. In cases that unlawful drugs reached the consumer via consumption of aquatic products, human health may be jeopardized even further. The present review article assesses these risks on human health.
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Godfray, H. Charles J., Ian R. Crute, Lawrence Haddad, David Lawrence, James F. Muir, Nicholas Nisbett, Jules Pretty, Sherman Robinson, Camilla Toulmin, and Rosalind Whiteley. "The future of the global food system." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 365, no. 1554 (September 27, 2010): 2769–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0180.
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Although food prices in major world markets are at or near a historical low, there is increasing concern about food security—the ability of the world to provide healthy and environmentally sustainable diets for all its peoples. This article is an introduction to a collection of reviews whose authors were asked to explore the major drivers affecting the food system between now and 2050. A first set of papers explores the main factors affecting the demand for food (population growth, changes in consumption patterns, the effects on the food system of urbanization and the importance of understanding income distributions) with a second examining trends in future food supply (crops, livestock, fisheries and aquaculture, and ‘wild food’). A third set explores exogenous factors affecting the food system (climate change, competition for water, energy and land, and how agriculture depends on and provides ecosystem services), while the final set explores cross-cutting themes (food system economics, food wastage and links with health). Two of the clearest conclusions that emerge from the collected papers are that major advances in sustainable food production and availability can be achieved with the concerted application of current technologies (given sufficient political will), and the importance of investing in research sooner rather than later to enable the food system to cope with both known and unknown challenges in the coming decades.
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Rasdi, N. W., A. Arshad, I. Ikhwanuddin, A. Hagiwara, F. Md Yusoff, and N. Azani. "A review on the improvement of cladocera (Moina) nutrition as live food for aquaculture: using valuable plankton fisheries resources." Journal of Environmental Biology 41, no. 5(SI) (September 30, 2020): 1239–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22438/jeb/41/5(si)/ms_16.
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Murata, Hiroki, Motoyuki Hara, Chinatsu Yonezawa, and Teruhisa Komatsu. "Monitoring oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon, Sanriku Coast, Japan before and after the 2011 tsunami by remote sensing: their recoveries implying the sustainable development of coastal waters." PeerJ 9 (January 14, 2021): e10727. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.10727.
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Background Coastal ecosystems are blue infrastructures that support coastal resources and also aquaculture. Seagrass meadows, one of coastal ecosystems, provide substrates for epiphytic diatoms, which are food resources for cultured filter feeder organisms. Highly intensive coastal aquaculture degrades coastal environments to decrease seagrass meadows. Therefore, efficient aquaculture management and conservation of seagrass meadows are necessary for the sustainable development of coastal waters. In ria-type bays, non-feeding aquaculture of filter feeders such as oysters, scallops, and ascidians are actively practiced along the Sanriku Coast, Japan. Before the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, the over-deployment of oyster culture facilities polluted the bottom environment and formed an hypoxic bottom water layer due to the organic excrements from cultured oysters. The tsunami in 2011 devastated the aquaculture facilities and seagrass meadows along the Sanriku Coast. We mapped the oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon, Sanriku Coast before and after the tsunami and monitored those and environments after the tsunami by field surveys. Methods We conducted field surveys and monitored the environmental parameters in Nagatsura-ura Lagoon every month since 2014. We used high-resolution satellite remote sensing images to map oyster culture rafts and seagrass meadows at irregular time intervals from 2006 to 2019 in order to assess their distribution. In 2019, we also used an unmanned aerial vehicle to analyze the spatial variability of the position and the number of ropes suspending oyster clumps beneath the rafts. Results In 2013, the number and distribution of the oyster culture rafts had been completely restored to the pre-tsunami conditions. The mean area of culture raft increased after the tsunami, and ropes suspending oyster clumps attached to a raft in wider space. Experienced local fishermen also developed a method to attach less ropes to a raft, which was applied to half of the oyster culture rafts to improve oyster growth. The area of seagrass meadows has been expanding since 2013. Although the lagoon had experienced frequent oyster mass mortality events in summer before the tsunami, these events have not occurred since 2011. The 2011 earthquake and tsunami deepened the sill depth and widened the entrance to enhance water exchange and improve water quality in the lagoon. These changes brought the expansion of seagrass meadows and reduction of mass mortality events to allow sustainable oyster culture in the lagoon. Mapping and monitoring of seagrass meadows and aquaculture facilities via satellite remote sensing can provide clear visualization of their temporal changes. This can in turn facilitate effective aquaculture management and conservation of coastal ecosystems, which are crucial for the sustainable development of coastal waters.
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Jansen, Peder A., Anja B. Kristoffersen, Hildegunn Viljugrein, Daniel Jimenez, Magne Aldrin, and Audun Stien. "Sea lice as a density-dependent constraint to salmonid farming." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 279, no. 1737 (February 8, 2012): 2330–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.0084.
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Fisheries catches worldwide have shown no increase over the last two decades, while aquaculture has been booming. To cover the demand for fish in the growing human population, continued high growth rates in aquaculture are needed. A potential constraint to such growth is infectious diseases, as disease transmission rates are expected to increase with increasing densities of farmed fish. Using an extensive dataset from all farms growing salmonids along the Norwegian coast, we document that densities of farmed salmonids surrounding individual farms have a strong effect on farm levels of parasitic sea lice and efforts to control sea lice infections. Furthermore, increased intervention efforts have been unsuccessful in controlling elevated infection levels in high salmonid density areas in 2009–2010. Our results emphasize host density effects of farmed salmonids on the population dynamics of sea lice and suggest that parasitic sea lice represent a potent negative feedback mechanism that may limit sustainable spatial densities of farmed salmonids.
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Sudaryanto, A., S. Takahashi, S. Tanabe, M. Muchtar, and H. Razak. "Occurrence of butyltin compounds in mussels from Indonesian coastal waters and some Asian countries." Water Science and Technology 42, no. 7-8 (October 1, 2000): 71–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2000.0554.
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The green mussel (Perna viridis) samples were collected from Indonesian coastal waters and some other Asian countries in the period of 1997–1998 to elucidate the present status of marine pollution by butyltin compounds (BTs) including mono- (MBT), di- (DBT), and tributyltin (TBT). BTs were detected in all the mussel samples from Indonesian coastal waters in the range of 3.7 to 64 ng/g wet wt as total butyltins (SBTs = MBT+DBT+TBT). The highest concentrations were found in green mussels from Jakarta Bay and Surabaya coastal waters. Relatively higher concentrations of BTs were detected in the mussels from adjacent areas of high maritime activities such as marina, harbour and fishing port. This suggests pollution of BTs arising from TBT usage in antifouling paints. BTs were also detected in mussels from aquaculture areas, implying TBT usage for fisheries activity. The composition of butyltin derivatives in green mussels from Indonesian coastal waters were in the order of TBT>MBT>DBT, suggesting fresh input of TBT in the marine environment. The contamination levels of BTs in green mussels from Indonesia were comparable or lower than those from other Asian developing countries. The elevated concentrations of BTs were found in mussels from some areas of Thailand, Philippines, India and Malaysia where residue levels of BTs were comparable to those in developed nations.
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Latif, Sarmad Dashti, Muhammad Shukri Bin Nor Azmi, Ali Najah Ahmed, Chow Ming Fai, and Ahmed El-Shafie. "Application of Artificial Neural Network for Forecasting Nitrate Concentration as a Water Quality Parameter: A Case Study of Feitsui Reservoir, Taiwan." International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics 15, no. 5 (November 10, 2020): 647–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/ijdne.150505.
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Water resources play a vital role in various economies such as agriculture, forestry, cattle farming, hydropower generation, fisheries, industrial activity, and other creative activities, as well as the need for drinking water. Monitoring the water quality parameters in rivers is becoming increasingly relevant as freshwater is increasingly being used. In this study, the artificial neural network (ANN) model was developed and applied to predict nitrate (NO3) as a water quality parameter (WQP) in the Feitsui reservoir, Taiwan. For the input of the model, five water quality parameters were monitored and used namely, ammonium (NH3), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate (NO3) and phosphate (PO4) as input parameters. As a statistical measurement, the correlation coefficient (R) is used to evaluate the performance of the model. The result shows that ANN is an accurate model for predicting nitrate as a water quality parameter in the Feitsui reservoir. The regression value for the training, testing, validation, and overall are 0.92, 0.93, 0.99, and 0.94, respectively.
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Krkošek, Martin, Crawford W. Revie, Patrick G. Gargan, Ove T. Skilbrei, Bengt Finstad, and Christopher D. Todd. "Impact of parasites on salmon recruitment in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 280, no. 1750 (January 7, 2013): 20122359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2012.2359.
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Parasites may have large effects on host population dynamics, marine fisheries and conservation, but a clear elucidation of their impact is limited by a lack of ecosystem-scale experimental data. We conducted a meta-analysis of replicated manipulative field experiments concerning the influence of parasitism by crustaceans on the marine survival of Atlantic salmon ( Salmo salar L.). The data include 24 trials in which tagged smolts (totalling 283 347 fish; 1996–2008) were released as paired control and parasiticide-treated groups into 10 areas of Ireland and Norway. All experimental fish were infection-free when released into freshwater, and a proportion of each group was recovered as adult recruits returning to coastal waters 1 or more years later. Treatment had a significant positive effect on survival to recruitment, with an overall effect size (odds ratio) of 1.29 that corresponds to an estimated loss of 39 per cent (95% CI: 18–55%) of adult salmon recruitment. The parasitic crustaceans were probably acquired during early marine migration in areas that host large aquaculture populations of domesticated salmon, which elevate local abundances of ectoparasitic copepods—particularly Lepeophtheirus salmonis . These results provide experimental evidence from a large marine ecosystem that parasites can have large impacts on fish recruitment, fisheries and conservation.
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ISSARIS, Y., S. KATSANEVAKIS, M. PANTAZI, V. VASSILOPOULOU, P. PANAYOTIDIS, S. KAVADAS, A. KOKKALI, et al. "Ecological mapping and data quality assessment for the needs of ecosystem-based marine spatial management: case study Greek Ionian Sea and the adjacent gulfs." Mediterranean Marine Science 13, no. 2 (November 19, 2012): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.312.
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Mapping of ecosystem components (natural and socioeconomic) is a prerequisite for ecosystem-based marine spatial management (EB-MSM). To initiate the process of EB-MSM in the Greek Ionian Sea and the adjacent gulfs, the main relevant ecosystem components were mapped based on existing spatial information and expert judgment. The natural components mapped included habitat types and species targeted for conservation, according to national and European legislation and international agreements. Main human activities/pressures related to fisheries, aquaculture, tourism, and industry were also mapped. In order to assess the quality of data used to map ecosystem components and therefore take into consideration the inherent uncertainty, an assessment of 5 semi-quantitative data indicators based on a pedigree matrix was conducted. Through this qualitative approach we gained information related to the sources, acquisition and verification procedures, statistical properties, and temporal & geographical correlation, along with the collection process quality of the ecosystem components under study. A substantial overlapping between ecological features and human activities was identified, confirming the need for a well-planned approach to marine space management, in order to mitigate conflicts for marine resources and conserve marine ecosystems and their associated goods and services.
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Prat, Narcís, and Carles Ibañez. "Effects of water transfers projected in the Spanish National Hydrological Plan on the ecology of the lower River Ebro (N.E. Spain) and its delta." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 8 (April 1, 1995): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0268.
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This paper refers to the effects of projected water transfers, envisaged in the Spanish National Hydrological Plan, on the ecology of the lower River Ebro and its delta. Present management strategies, have resulted in highly eutrophic river water and a salt wedge which runs for more than 30 km upstream from the river mouth and its presence has been recorded during most of the year. Some parts of the delta coast are in regression as most of the inorganic sediments carried by the river are trapped in the dams. This is also leading to the sinking of the deltaic plain because subsidence and eustatic sea level rise are not compensated by new sediments. The high productivity of two bays and the coastal zone adjacent to the delta is related to influx of freshwater from irrigation channels, used in rice cultivation and the river. In the new National Hydrological Plan, a withdrawal of water upstream from the delta of 2012 hm3/year (15% of the mean annual discharge) is planned as well as the construction of 49 new reservoirs, mainly for irrigation purposes. A minimum river flow of 100 m3/s will be established by the Plan. If the plan is carried through, due to the water abstraction, forecasts based on ecological studies in the area predict: (1) increased presence of the salt wedge in the final 18 km of the river with detrimental effects on river fauna and flora; (2) serious threats to aquaculture and fisheries in the bays; (3) reduction of fish and crayfish production in the platform area; (4) further reductions in sediment and freshwater inputs to delta; (5) salinization of fields under cultivation; and (6) detrimental side effects on deltaic ecosystems.
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PAPOUTSOGLOU, E. S., and A. R. LYNDON. "Distribution of α amylase along the alimentary tract of two Mediterranean fish species, the parrotfish Sparisoma cretense L. and the stargazer, Uranoscopus scaber L." Mediterranean Marine Science 4, no. 2 (December 1, 2003): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.234.
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There is very little information available for the only Mediterranean species of parrotfish ( Sparisoma cretense) and its feeding habits, especially since most other parrotfish species are associated with coral reefs. The same lack of information is true for another fish species, the stargazer ( Uranoscopus scaber), which is carnivorous, and important for local fisheries in the Mediterranean. Comparative information is presented concerning the digestive activity and capacity for alpha amylase for these species with completely different feeding strategies, as well as main location(s) of carbohydrate digestion along their digestive tract. Alphaamylase activity and capacity is significantly higher in S. cretensethan U. scaber(p<0.05). Activity in S. cretense is very high, comparable to levels reported for carp and tilapia. It is similar in anterior and posterior intestine, however, the posterior intestine comprises a more important role in alpha amylase capacity. In U. scaber, activity is present in pyloric caeca and intestine. Levels are very low, comparable to levels reported for other benthic marine carnivores. There is no difference between activities in intestine and pyloric caeca. However, activity is higher in the anterior part of the intestine, lower in the posterior intestine and absent in the stomach. Such information is thought to be beneficial for improving knowledge on the biology of the examined species, and the physiology of nutrition, as well as for assisting towards understanding these processes in other, more valuable species for aquaculture. Also, the possibility of using the stargazer alimentary tract, especially its pyloric caeca as a model system is discussed.
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Pilot, Sari, Datuali Abdula, Datuali Abdula, and Sadat Blah. "THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF FACEBOOK IN THE ACADEMIC LIVES OF STUDENTS AT MINDANAO STATE UNIVERSITY – MAGUINDANAO." Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 8, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.87.10445.
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This study covered the contributions of Facebook in the lives of students particularly at Mindanao State University-Maguindanao. The descriptive-qualitative survey design/method of research was used in this study. Respondents of the study are the 200 selected students from the six Colleges/Department of Mindanao State University – Maguindanao which are as follows: College Arts and Sciences (16), College of Education (46), College Public Affairs and Governance (72), College of Forestry and Environmental Studies (4) College of Fisheries (6) and College of Agriculture (56). Purposive sampling was employed by the researcher in this study in getting the 200 students of Mindanao State University – Maguindanao. The statistical tools used in the study are: frequency distribution, weighted mean, and ranking. On the basis of the findings of the study, the contributions of Facebook in the academic lives of the student at Mindanao State University-Maguindanao were often. However, on problems encountered by the respondents it needs to motivate some aspects under the tips to safe online and policy to secure in the use of Facebook by the respondents/students.
Keywords: Contributions, Facebook, Academic Lives of Students
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Jiang, Li-Qing, Richard A. Feely, Rik Wanninkhof, Dana Greeley, Leticia Barbero, Simone Alin, Brendan R. Carter, et al. "Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA) – an internally consistent data product for discrete inorganic carbon, oxygen, and nutrients on the North American ocean margins." Earth System Science Data 13, no. 6 (June 15, 2021): 2777–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-2777-2021.
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Abstract. Internally consistent, quality-controlled (QC) data products play an important role in promoting regional-to-global research efforts to understand societal vulnerabilities to ocean acidification (OA). However, there are currently no such data products for the coastal ocean, where most of the OA-susceptible commercial and recreational fisheries and aquaculture industries are located. In this collaborative effort, we compiled, quality-controlled, and synthesized 2 decades of discrete measurements of inorganic carbon system parameters, oxygen, and nutrient chemistry data from the North American continental shelves to generate a data product called the Coastal Ocean Data Analysis Product in North America (CODAP-NA). There are few deep-water (> 1500 m) sampling locations in the current data product. As a result, crossover analyses, which rely on comparisons between measurements on different cruises in the stable deep ocean, could not form the basis for cruise-to-cruise adjustments. For this reason, care was taken in the selection of data sets to include in this initial release of CODAP-NA, and only data sets from laboratories with known quality assurance practices were included. New consistency checks and outlier detections were used to QC the data. Future releases of this CODAP-NA product will use this core data product as the basis for cruise-to-cruise comparisons. We worked closely with the investigators who collected and measured these data during the QC process. This version (v2021) of the CODAP-NA is comprised of 3391 oceanographic profiles from 61 research cruises covering all continental shelves of North America, from Alaska to Mexico in the west and from Canada to the Caribbean in the east. Data for 14 variables (temperature; salinity; dissolved oxygen content; dissolved inorganic carbon content; total alkalinity; pH on total scale; carbonate ion content; fugacity of carbon dioxide; and substance contents of silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, nitrate plus nitrite, and ammonium) have been subjected to extensive QC. CODAP-NA is available as a merged data product (Excel, CSV, MATLAB, and NetCDF; https://doi.org/10.25921/531n-c230, https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/data/oceans/ncei/ocads/metadata/0219960.html, last access: 15 May 2021) (Jiang et al., 2021a). The original cruise data have also been updated with data providers' consent and summarized in a table with links to NOAA's National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) archives (https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-acidification-data-stewardship-oads/synthesis/NAcruises.html).
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Lustianto, Anggi Febri, Sutrisno Anggoro, and Niniek Widyorini. "Pola Osmoregulasi, Kebiasaan Makanan dan Faktor Kondisi Ikan Bandeng (Chanos Chanos) di Tambak Desa Bakaran Wetan, Pati Osmoregulation Pattern, Food Habits and Milkfish Condition Factors (Chanos chanos) in Traditional Ponds Bakaran Wetan Village, Pati." Management of Aquatic Resources Journal (MAQUARES) 9, no. 1 (June 12, 2020): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/marj.v9i1.27763.
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ABSTRAK Bandeng Juwana merupakan salah satu produk hasil budidaya yang sudah dikenal oleh masyarakat luas. Lokasi penelitian ini dilaksanakan disalah satu tambak budidaya semi intensif. Faktor pembatas seperti suhu, salinitas, pH dan DO masih belum diawasi secara intensif, tetapi pemberian pakan dikasihkan secara intens. Salinitas perairan memiliki peran penting terhadap keberlangsungan dan pertumbuhan hidup ikan bandeng, dimana salinitas sangat mempengaruhi tingkat kerja osmotik dari biota. Hal lain yang mempengaruhi keberlangsungan hidup dari ikan bandeng sendiri yaitu ketersediaan makanan. Ketersediaan pakan alami yang ada di perairan sangat menentukan pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup dari ikan bandeng. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pola osmoregulasi, kebiasaan makanan faktor kondisi ikan bandeng di tambak Desa Bakaran Wetan. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode studi kasus dengan analisis deskriptif. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Juli sampai November 2019. Sampling dilaksanakan 14 Juli 2019. Pengamatan data di Laboraturium Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Ikan dan Lingkungan. Analisa osmolaritas pada 20 - 21 Agustus 2019 di Ruangan C206 Fakultas Perikanan dan Ilmu Kelautan, Universitas Diponegoro Semarang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan pola osmoregulasi ikan bandeng yang diamati yaitu hipoosmotik. Nilai TKO yang diperoleh berkisar antara 113,00 – 116,33 mOsm/I H2O. Nilai IP paling tinggi Synedra ulna 64,65% dan terendah Ceratium 0,13%. Nilai faktor kondisi yang diperoleh berkisar antara 0,152 - 0,171 yang menunjukkan bahwa nilai faktor kondisi ikan bandeng di lokasi penelitian kurang dari tiga, yang artinya ikan bandeng tergolong pipih. ABSTRACT Milkfish Juwana is one of the products of cultivation that is well known by the public. The location of this research was carried out in one of the semi intensive aquaculture ponds. Limiting factors such as temperature, salinity, pH and DO have not yet been monitored intensively, but feeding has been intensified. Water salinity has an important role in the survival and growth of milkfish life, where salinity greatly influences the level of osmotic work of biota. Another thing that affects the survival of milkfish itself is the availability of food. The availability of natural food in the waters will determine the growth and survival of milkfish. This research was conducted to determine the pattern of osmoregulation, food habits and the condition of milkfish in the pond of Bakaran Wetan Village. The method used is a case study method with descriptive analysis. The study was conducted from July to November 2019. Sampling was carried out on July 14, 2019. Observations of the data were carried out in the Laboratory of Management of Fish and Environmental Resources. Osmolarity analysis on August 20-21, 2019 in Room C206 of the Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang. The results showed that the milkfish osmoregulation pattern that was observed was hypoosmotic. TKO values obtained ranged from 113.00 - 116.33 mOsm / I H2O. The highest IP value was Synedra ulna 64.65% and the lowest Ceratium 0.13%. The value of the condition factor obtained ranged from 0.152 to 0.171, which indicates that the value of the condition of the milkfish at the study site is less than three, which means that the milkfish is relatively flat.
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Barthelmes, D. "North American sturgeons: Biology and aquaculture potential. Papers from a symposium on the biology and management of sturgeon, held during the 113th annual meeting of the American Fisheries Society at Milwaukee, Wisconsin., U.S.A., August 16–20, 1983. Eds. F. P. Binkowski and S. I. Doroshov.–163 pp. = Developments in Environmental Biology of Fishes 6. Series Ed. E. K. BALON, Dordrecht/Boston/Lancaster: Dr. W. Junk Publ. 1985. ISBN 90-6193-539-3. Dfl. 165.00; US $ 63.50; £ 45.75." Internationale Revue der gesamten Hydrobiologie und Hydrographie 72, no. 3 (1987): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/iroh.19870720318.
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Vinh, Pham Quang, Nguyen Thi Thu Ha, Nguyen Thanh Binh, Nguyen Ngoc Thang, La Thi Oanh, and Nguyen Thien Phuong Thao. "Developing algorithm for estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in the Thac Ba Reservoir surface water using Landsat 8 Imagery." VIETNAM JOURNAL OF EARTH SCIENCES 41, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 10–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/0866-7187/41/1/13542.
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This study aims at developing a regional algorithm to quantify chlorophyll-a concentration (Chla) in the Thac Ba Reservoir surface-water using Landsat 8 imagery basing on in-situ data of Chla and above-water reflectance taken in both dry and rainy seasons 2018. In situ datasets obtained from 30 water sampling sites show a strong correlation (R2=0.73) with the reflectance ratio of two Landsat 8 (L8) bands, the green band (band 3: B3) versus the red band (band 4: B4), B3 / B4, by an exponential equation. The algorithm for estimating Chla using this ratio was well-matched up the validation using multiple-dates in-situ datasets (R2 = 0.82; RMSE ~ 5%) and was then applied to L8 images level 2 acquired in both dry and rainy seasons to understand the spatiotemporal distribution of Chla over the reservoir. Obtained maps of Chla present clearly two trends: (1) Chla in the reservoir water in the dry season (averaged at 15.3 mg/m3) is relatively lower than those in the rainy season (averaged at 17.0 mg/m3); (2) In both seasons, Chla increased from water area in front of the Chay River mouth to the center of the reservoir. The algorithm and method outlined in this study could be applied to monitoring Chl in other inland waters having similar features as the Thac Ba Reservoir water.ReferencesAPHA, 1998. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edition. American Public Health Association, Washington DC, 1220p.Bac N.A., Viet N.D., Ha N.T.T., Huong H.T.T., 2017. Identifying eutrophication status of shallow waters based on estimated trophic state index from satellite data. Journal of Science and Technology, 55(4C), 85-89.Bernardo N., Watanabe F., Rodrigues T., Alcântara E., 2017. 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Use of phytoplankton assemblages for monitoring ecological status of lakes within the Water Framework Directive: the assemblage index. Hydrobiologia, 553(1), 1-14.Palmer S.C., Kutser T., Hunter P.D., 2015. Remote sensing of inland waters: Challenges, progress and future directions. Remote Sens. of Environ. Special Issue: Remote Sensing of Inland Waters, 157(1), 1-8.Quang N.H., Sasaki J., Higa H., Huan N.H., 2017. Spatiotemporal Variation of Turbidity Based on Landsat 8 OLI in Cam Ranh Bay and Thuy Trieu Lagoon, Vietnam. Water, 9(8), 570.Son N.H., Anh B.T, Thuy N.T.T, 2000. Investigation of the Fisheries in Farmer-Managed Small Reservoir in Thai Nguyen and Yen Bai Province. Proceedings of an International Workshop on Reservoir and Culture-based Fisheries: Biology and Management. Bangkok, Thailand 15-18 February, 246-257.Tebbs E.J., Remedios J.J., Harper D.M., 2013. Remote sensing of chlorophyll-a as a measure of cyanobacterial biomass in Lake Bogoria, a hypertrophic, saline-alkaline, flamingo lake, using Landsat ETM+. Remote Sensing of Environment, 135, 92-106.Thuy D.B., Canh B.D., Ha N.T.T., Thao N.T.P., Nhi B.T., 2016. Modeling spatial distribution of total suspended solids concentration in Ha Long Bay water during the first quarter of 2016 using co-kriging interpolation and auxiliary data from Landsat 8 imagery. Proceeding of the 7th International Symposium Hanoi Geoengineering 2016 on Energy and Sustainability, Hanoi, October 21-22, 148-153.Tiwari S.P., Shanmugam P., Ahn Y.H., Ryu J.H., 2012. A Reflectance Model for Relatively Clear and Turbid Waters. Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research, 3(1), 325-337.UNEP, 2014. Review of existing water quality guidelines for freshwater ecosystems and application of water quality guidelines on basin level to protect ecosystems. Technical background document for theme 1: “Water Quality and Ecosystem Health”. First International Environment Forum for Basin Organizations towards Sustainable Freshwater Governance, 26-28 November 2014, Nairobi, Kenya.US Environmental Protection Agency, 2009. National lakes assessment: a collaborative survey of the nation's lakes, 103p.Vermote E., Justice C., Claverie M., Franch B., 2016. Preliminary analysis of the performance of the Landsat 8/OLI land surface reflectance product. Remote Sensing of Environment, 185, 46-56.Watanabe F., Alcantara E., Rodrigues T., Rotta L., Bernardo N., Imai N., 2018. Remote sensing of the chlorophyll-a based on OLI/Landsat-8 and MSI/Sentinel-2A (Barra Bonita reservoir, Brazil). Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 90(2), 1987-2000.Yang Z., Anderson Y., 2016. Estimating chlorophyll-a concentration in a freshwater lake using Landsat 8 Imagery. J. Environ. Earth Sci., 6(4), 134-142.
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Blasco, Gordon D., Danielle M. Ferraro, Richard S. Cottrell, Benjamin S. Halpern, and Halley E. Froehlich. "Substantial Gaps in the Current Fisheries Data Landscape." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (December 17, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.612831.
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Effective management of aquatic resources, wild and farmed, has implications for the livelihoods of dependent communities, food security, and ecosystem health. Good management requires information on the status of harvested species, yet many gaps remain in our understanding of these species and systems, in particular the lack of taxonomic resolution of harvested species. To assess these gaps we compared the occurrence of landed species (freshwater and marine) from the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) global fisheries production database to those in the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List and the RAM Legacy Stock Assessment Database, some of the largest and most comprehensive global datasets of consumed aquatic species. We also quantified the level of resolution and trends in taxonomic reporting for all landed taxa in the FAO database. Of the 1,695 consumed aquatic species or groups in the FAO database considered in this analysis, a large portion (35%) are missing from both of the other two global datasets, either IUCN or RAM, used to monitor, manage, and protect aquatic resources. Only a small number of all fished taxa reported in FAO data (150 out of 1,695; 9%) have both a stock assessment in RAM and a conservation assessment in IUCN. Furthermore, 40% of wild caught landings are not reported to the species level, limiting our ability to effectively account for the environmental impacts of wild harvest. Landings of invertebrates (44%) and landings in Asia (>75%) accounted for the majority of harvest without species specific information in 2018. Assessing the overlap of species which are both farmed and fished to broadly map possible interactions – which can help or hinder wild populations - we found 296 species, accounting for 12% of total wild landings globally, and 103 countries and territories that have overlap in the species caught in the wild and produced through aquaculture. In all, our work highlights that while fisheries management is improving in many areas there remain key gaps in data resolution that are critical for fisheries assessments and conservation of aquatic systems into the future.
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Jobson, Sara, Jean-François Hamel, Taylor Hughes, and Annie Mercier. "Cellular, Hormonal, and Behavioral Responses of the Holothuroid Cucumaria frondosa to Environmental Stressors." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (September 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.695753.
Full textAbstract:
Holothuroids (sea cucumbers) are one of the most ubiquitous groups of benthic animals found across diverse marine ecosystems. As echinoderms, they also occupy an important place in the evolutionary hierarchy, sitting close to vertebrates in the deuterostome clade, making them valuable multidisciplinary model organisms. Apart from being ecologically and phylogenetically important, many species are commercially exploited for luxury seafood markets. With the global rise of aquaculture and fisheries, management and protection of these valuable species relies on a better understanding of how their immune systems respond to environmental and anthropogenic stressors. Here, the cellular, hormonal and behavioral indicators of stress in the North Atlantic sea cucumber Cucumaria frondosa were examined. The immediate and carry-over (post recovery) effects of a 1-hour exposure to low salinities or to emersion (at two temperatures) highlighted that morphoplasticity in C. frondosa was accompanied by shifts in all monitored indicators. From baseline levels measured in controls, densities of free coelomocytes increased, showing successions of specific cell types and subsequent coelomocyte aggregations, combined with a rise in cortisol levels. These responses mirrored increased fluctuations in cloacal opening rates, decreased force of attachment to the substrate, and enhanced movements and active buoyancy adjustment with increasingly severe stressors. The findings suggest that many systems of sea cucumbers are impacted by stresses that can be associated with harvesting and handling methods, with likely implications for the quality of the processed products. Gaining a deeper understanding of immune and hormonal responses of sea cucumbers is not only of broad ecological and evolutionary value, but also helpful for the development of sustainable fisheries and aquaculture practices, and conservation programs.
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Jusadi, Dedi, Julie Ekasari, Muhammad Agus Suprayudi, Mia Setiawati, and Ichsan Achmad Fauzi. "Potential of Underutilized Marine Organisms for Aquaculture Feeds." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (February 11, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.609471.
Full textAbstract:
The supply of land-based agricultural products as aquafeed raw materials is challenged by limitations on space and water, and by environmental damage. Marine environments offer a vast opportunity for the expansion of aquaculture, including the production of feed raw materials. Besides fishmeal and fish oil, which are generated from capture fisheries, the use of marine-based feed raw materials from aquaculture production is not yet in common practice. Here, we discuss the potential of underutilized marine organisms that can be cultured by extracting nutrients from their environment and are nutritionally compatible for use as alternative feed materials in aquaculture. We identify marine organisms such as blue and green mussels, Ulva spp., and microbial floc that are nutritionally suitable as aquafeed raw material and may further act as bioremediators. However, environmental factors that affect productivity and the risk of pollutant accumulations, which would potentially reduce the safety of aquaculture products for human consumption, may pose challenges to such applications of extractive organisms. Therefore, the development of pretreatment and processing technologies will be critical for improving the nutritional quality and safety of these raw materials for aquafeed production.
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Boivin-Rioux, Aude, Michel Starr, Joël Chassé, Michael Scarratt, William Perrie, and Zhenxia Long. "Predicting the Effects of Climate Change on the Occurrence of the Toxic Dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella Along Canada’s East Coast." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (January 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.608021.
Full textAbstract:
Alexandrium catenella produces paralytic shellfish toxins that affect marine fisheries and aquaculture as well as ecosystem and human health worldwide. This harmful algal species is extremely sensitive to environmental conditions and potentially to future climate change. Using a generalized additive mixed model (GAMM) we studied the potential effects of changing salinity and temperatures on A. catenella bloom (≥1000 cells L–1) occurrence along Canada’s East Coast throughout the 21st century. Our GAMM was applied to two high greenhouse gas emissions scenarios (RCP 8.5) and one mitigation scenario (RCP 4.5). Under present-day conditions, our model successfully predicted A. catenella’s spatio-temporal distribution in Eastern Canada. Under future conditions, all scenarios predict increases in bloom frequency and spatial extent as well as changes in bloom seasonality. Under one RCP 8.5 scenario, A. catenella bloom occurrences increased at up to 3.5 days per decade throughout the 21st century, with amplified year-to-year variability. Blooms expanded into the Gulf of St. Lawrence and onto the Scotian Shelf. These conditions could trigger unprecedented bloom events in the future throughout our study region. In all climate scenarios, the bloom season intensified earlier (May–June) and ended later (October). In some areas of the Gulf of St. Lawrence, the thermal habitat of A. catenella was exceeded, thereby locally reducing bloom risk during the summer months. We conclude that an increase in A. catenella’s environmental bloom window could further threaten marine fauna including endangered species as well as fisheries and aquaculture industries on Canada’s East Coast. Similar impacts could be felt in other coastal regions of the globe where warming and freshening of waters are intensifying.
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Kyvelou, Stella Sofia I., and Dimitrios G. Ierapetritis. "Fostering Spatial Efficiency in the Marine Space, in a Socially Sustainable Way: Lessons Learnt From a Soft Multi-Use Assessment in the Mediterranean." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (March 22, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.613721.
Full textAbstract:
In a context of growing claim for marine space and in the pursuit of maritime “spatial efficiency,” Multi-use (MU) becomes necessary to assemble more or less compatible sea uses. In this paper, the potential of the soft MU involving small-scale fisheries (SSF), tourism, and nature conservation related to marine protected areas (MPAs), widely encountered in the Mediterranean Sea basin, is being assessed in Greece. Despite the fact that the MU concept is not yet included neither in maritime spatial planning (MSP) laws nor in strategic policy documents due mainly to the dominance of terrestrial spatial plans that favor exclusive rights of highly competitive and expansive maritime activities (e.g., aquaculture), the above MU is increasingly being practiced by local communities as a socio-economic instrument (fishing tourism), able to be also occasionally oriented to nature conservation. Following the Drivers, Added Values, Barriers and Negative Impacts (DABI) analysis, a spectrum of challenges/constraints and opportunities for the application of the MU under study was revealed, grouped in socio-economic, environmental, political–regulatory, and technological factors that can enable or undermine this MU in the Greek seas. The paper concludes that there is a huge potential for the said MU development in areas dependent on fisheries, consistently to the longstanding SSF tradition that despite its decline, continues to be one of the most important among those practiced in the coastal zone and in remote and insular communities, essentially defining their particular social and cultural identity. Besides, SSF have low environmental impact, and also tourists and the local communities are gradually becoming more conservation-oriented. Hence, the MU is highlighted as a tool for sustainable use of marine space supporting the Blue Growth Agenda and reconnecting natural and cultural capital at sea, thus redefining also the role of fishers that under equitable conditions may become defenders of marine biodiversity and key actors for the sustainable management of fish stocks and ecosystems in the protected areas.
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Pinnegar, John K., Katell G. Hamon, Cornelia M. Kreiss, Andrzej Tabeau, Sandra Rybicki, Eleni Papathanasopoulou, Georg H. Engelhard, Tyler D. Eddy, and Myron A. Peck. "Future Socio-Political Scenarios for Aquatic Resources in Europe: A Common Framework Based on Shared-Socioeconomic-Pathways (SSPs)." Frontiers in Marine Science 7 (February 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2020.568219.
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It has proven extremely challenging for researchers to predict with confidence how human societies might develop in the future, yet managers and industries need to make projections in order to test adaptation and mitigation strategies designed to build resilience to long-term shocks. This paper introduces exploratory scenarios with a particular focus on European aquaculture and fisheries and describes how these scenarios were designed. Short-, medium- and long-term developments in socio-political drivers may be just as important in determining profits, revenues and prospects in the aquaculture and fisheries industries as physical drivers such as long-term climate change. Four socio-political-economic futures were developed, based partly on the IPCC SRES (Special Report on Emissions Scenarios) framework and partly on the newer system of Shared Socio-economic Pathways (SSPs). ‘Off the shelf’ narrative material as well as quantitative outputs were ‘borrowed’ from earlier frameworks but supplemented with material generated through in-depth stakeholder workshops involving industry and policy makers. Workshop participants were tasked to outline how they thought their sector might look under the four future worlds and, in particular, to make use of the PESTEL conceptual framework (Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental, and Legal) as an aide memoire to help define the scope of each scenario. This work was carried out under the auspices of the EU Horizon 2020 project CERES (Climate change and European aquatic RESources), and for each ‘CERES scenario’ (World Markets, National Enterprise, Global Sustainability and Local Stewardship), additional quantitative outputs were generated, including projections of future fuel and fish prices, using the MAGNET (Modular Applied GeNeral Equilibrium Tool) modeling framework. In developing and applying the CERES scenarios, we have demonstrated that the basic architecture is sufficiently flexible to be used at a wide diversity of scales. We urge the climate science community to adopt a similar scenarios framework, based around SSPs, to facilitate global cross-comparison of fisheries and aquaculture model outputs more broadly and to harmonize communication regarding potential future bioeconomic impacts of climate change.
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Kant, Shashi. "Modeling the interaction of birds and small fish in a coastal lagoon." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation, July 19, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns-2018-0084.
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Abstract Coastal lagoons are high value productive and important systems for different projects. For example, aquaculture, fisheries and tourism are few of them. The quality of coastal waters in the ecosystems of lagoons can be greatly influenced by the growth of unwanted elements, e.g., excessive fisheries, tourism, etc. In this paper, a mathematical model is proposed and analysed to study the general and simplified form of an ecosystem of Chilika Lake, India. Chilika Lake (19°28′N–19°54′N and 85°06′E–85°36′E) is the largest wintering ground for migrating water fowl found anywhere on the Indian sub-continent. These migratory birds utilize the Chilika Lake for feeding, resting and breeding. The interaction of birds and small fish in the Chilika Lake is considered to be Leslie–Gower Holling type II. Since big fish are being sourced as income for local fishermen and the population of big fish is highly variable, and hence birds and small fishes are mainly the two types of biomass considered for this study. It must be noted that, in this study, we have considered the case of Chilika lake theoretically only and no practical data is collected for this study, and the name of Chilika is used only for better ecological understanding. Therefore, this theoretical study maybe linked to any such ecosystem. Their interaction is found mathematically, a two-dimensional continuous-time dynamical system modeling a simple predator–prey food chain. The dynamical system is represented in the form of two nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equation (ODE) systems. The main mathematical results are given in terms of boundedness of solutions, existence of equilibria, local and global stability of the coexisting interior point. An ecosystem in Indian coastal lagoons may suffer immediate environmental perturbations, such as depressions, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, epidemics, etc. To model such situations, the ODE model is further extended to a stochastic model driven by L e ́ $\check{d}{e}$ vy noise. The stochastic analysis includes the existence of the unique global solution, stability in mean, and extinction of the population. The proposed model is numerically simulated with the help of an assumed set of parameters for the possible pictorial behavior of the theoretical model. The proposed model may be used for planning purposes by using the data on meteorological and weather shocks such as heavy rainfall, heat-waves, cold-waves, depressions, tropical cyclones, earthquakes, etc. from India Meteorological Department (IMD).
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Setyobudiarso, Hery, and Endro Yuwono. "Exploration of Physics-Chemical Quality Lahor Reservoir of Malang District, Indonesia." JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND APPLIED ENGINEERING 1, no. 2 (November 20, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.31328/jsae.v1i2.889.
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Lahor Reservoir was built and functioned as a water provider for agricultural activities, flood control, electricity generation, tourism activities and inland fisheries. This reservoir is one of the inflows of the Sutami reservoir which is the largest reservoir in East Java. This Lahor Reservoir is drained by three rivers, namely the Lahor River, Leso River and the Dewi River, which flows through housing and paddy fields, allowing the entry of organic and inorganic materials from various activities around the rivers and reservoirs. The aim of the study was to assess the physico-chemical parameters of the Lahor reservoir during the dry season. This research was conducted between March and April 2018. Water quality analysis was carried out in the Laboratory of Environmental Engineering Department of ITN Malang. The study was conducted by survey method and sampling method. Measurement of physical and chemical parameters of the waters was determined at 4 stations and each station consisted of 5 sampling points with different depths. Data analysis using descriptive statistics (mean, graph). The assessment of the temperature in the waters of the Lahor Dam ranged from a value of 24-28o C, turbidity with a value of 0.4 NTU, DO values from surface to base increased significantly with values of 29.1 mg / L, 33.9 mg / L and 34.3 mg / L and still meet the minimum water requirements for aquaculture. The high BOD value at the Lahor reservoir outlet is influenced by the accumulation of organic substances from several inlets and dam waters. Phosphate values are higher along with water depth and Fecal Coli ranges from 1-2 MPN / 100 mL at all sampling points. In general, the Lahor reservoir water still meets the quality standards for class I waters.
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Murawski, Jens, Jun She, Christian Mohn, Vilnis Frishfelds, and Jacob Woge Nielsen. "Ocean Circulation Model Applications for the Estuary-Coastal-Open Sea Continuum." Frontiers in Marine Science 8 (May 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmars.2021.657720.
Full textAbstract:
Coastal zones are among the most variable environments. As such, they require adaptive water management to ensure the balance of economic and social interests with environmental concerns. High quality marine data of hydrographic conditions e.g., sea level, temperature, salinity, and currents are needed to provide a sound foundation for the decision making process. Operational models with sufficiently high forecasting quality and resolution can be used for a further extension of the marine service toward the coastal-estuary areas. The Limfjord is a large and shallow water body in Northern Jutland, connecting the North Sea in the West and the Kattegat in the East. It is currently not covered by the CMEMS service, despite its importance for sea shipping, aquaculture and mussel fisheries. In this study, we use the operational HIROMB-BOOS Model (HBM) to resolve the full Baltic-Limfjord-North Sea system with a horizontal resolution of 185.2 m in the Limfjord. The study shows several factors that are essential for successfully modeling the coastal-estuary system: (a) high computational efficiency and flexible grids to allow high resolution in the fjord, (b) an improved short wave radiation scheme to model the thermodynamics and the diurnal variability of the temperature in very shallow waters, (c) high resolution atmospheric forcing, (d) adequate river forcing, and (e) accurate bathymetry in the narrow straits. With properly resolving these issues, the system is able to provide high quality sea level forecast for storm surge warning and hydrography forecasts: temperature, salinity and currents with sufficiently good quality for ecosystem-based management. The model is able to simulate the complex spatial and temporal pattern of sea level, salinity and temperature in the Limfjord and to reproduce their diurnal, seasonal and interannual variability and stratification rather well. Its high computational efficiency makes it possible to model the transition from the basin-scales to coastal- and estuary-scales seamlessly. In total, The HBM model has been successfully extended, to include the complex estuary system of the Limfjord, and shows an adequate model performance with regards to sea level, salinity and temperature predictions, suitable for storm surge warning applications and coastal management applications.