Journal articles: 'Environmentalism Nature conservation'

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Sarkar, Sahotra. "Exorcising Race and Empire from American Nature Conservation." BioScience 71, no. 8 (June 1, 2021): 777–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab059.

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Carlson, Allen. "Aesthetic Appreciation of Nature and Environmentalism." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 69 (September 22, 2011): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1358246111000257.

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There can be no doubt that aesthetic appreciation of nature has frequently been a major factor in how we regard and treat the natural environment. In his historical study of American environmental attitudes, environmental philosopher Eugene Hargrove documents the ways in which aesthetic value was extremely influential concerning the preservation of some of North America's most magnificent natural environments. Other environmental philosophers agree. J. Baird Callicott claims that historically ‘aesthetic evaluation… has made a terrific difference to American conservation policy and management’, pointing out that one of ‘the main reasons that we have set aside certain natural areas as national, state, and county parks is because they are considered beautiful’, and arguing that many ‘more of our conservation and management decisions have been motivated by aesthetic rather than ethical values’. Likewise environmental philosopher Ned Hettinger concludes his investigation of the significance of aesthetic appreciation for the ‘protection of the environment’ by affirming that ‘environmental ethics would benefit from taking environmental aesthetics more seriously’. Callicott sums up the situation as follows: ‘What kinds of country we consider to be exceptionally beautiful makes a huge difference when we come to decide which places to save, which to restore or enhance, and which to allocate to other uses’ concluding that ‘a sound natural aesthetics is crucial to sound conservation policy and land management’.

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Cepek, Michael L. "Can nature be governed?" Focaal 2010, no. 58 (December 1, 2010): 131–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/fcl.2010.580109.

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Luis A. Vivanco, Green encounters: Shaping and contesting environmentalism in rural Costa Rica. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2007, pp. 240, ISBN 1845455045.James G. Carrier and Paige West, eds., Virtualism, governance and practice: Vision and execution in environmental conservation. Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2009, pp. 196, ISBN 184545619X.

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SISSENWINE, MICHAEL. "Environmental science, environmentalism and governance." Environmental Conservation 34, no. 2 (June 2007): 90–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892907003906.

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Most environmental scientists care about the state of nature. They are concerned about loss of biodiversity, degradation of ecosystems services and threats to sustainability. Do such concerns and the values they reflect make an environmental scientist an environmentalist? Should they be environmentalists?

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Hagan, John M. "Environmentalism and the Science of Conservation Biology." Conservation Biology 9, no. 5 (October 1995): 975–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1995.9050975.x-i1.

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Courtenay, Roger G. "SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTALISM IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE." Landscape Journal 17, no. 1 (1998): 102–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.17.1.102.

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Courtenay, Roger G. "SYMPOSIUM ON ENVIRONMENTALISM IN LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE." Landscape Journal 18, no. 1 (1999): 110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.18.1.110.

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Curnow, Joe, and Anjali Helferty. "Contradictions of Solidarity." Environment and Society 9, no. 1 (September 1, 2018): 145–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ares.2018.090110.

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In this article, we trace the racialized history of the environmental movement in the United States and Canada that has defined the mainstream movement as a default white space. We then interrogate the turn to solidarity as a way to escape/intervene in the racialized and colonial underpinnings of mainstream environmentalism, demonstrating that the practice of solidarity itself depends on these same racial and colonial systems. Given the lack of theorization on solidarity within environmentalism, we draw on examples of solidarity work that bridge place and power and are predicated on disparate social locations, such as in accompaniment or the fair trade movement. We conclude that the contradictions of racialized and colonial solidarity should not preclude settler attempts to engage in solidarity work, but rather become inscribed into environmentalist practices as an ethic of accountability.

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Bhan, Mona, and Nishita Trisal. "Fluid landscapes, sovereign nature: Conservation and counterinsurgency in Indian-controlled Kashmir." Critique of Anthropology 37, no. 1 (February 22, 2017): 67–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308275x16671786.

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This article analyzes how environmentalism reinscribed violent forms of state sovereignty in the disputed region of Kashmir in the aftermath of a decade-long uprising against Indian rule. After the return of an elected government, six years after its suspension in 1990, environmental restoration legitimized new forms of state and nature making in Kashmir. Nature rather than territory emerged as an arena of citizen activism, which further strengthened the state's ability to regulate the use and management of Kashmir's water resources. State and civic bodies deployed discourses of history and restoration to create new and imagined ecologies based on visions of nostalgia, commerce, and esthetics. By undermining place-based understandings of nature and ecology, discourses of environmental stewardship and conservation ended up fostering violent mechanisms of social and political control.

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Natori, Yoji. "Shiretoko logging controversy: A case study in Japanese environmentalism and nature conservation system." Society & Natural Resources 10, no. 6 (November 1997): 551–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08941929709381052.

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Sideris, Lisa H. "Review: Devoted to Nature: The Religious Roots of American Environmentalism by Evan Berry." Public Historian 39, no. 1 (February 1, 2017): 106–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/tph.2017.39.1.106.

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Keulartz, Jozef. "Using Metaphors in Restoring Nature." Nature and Culture 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/nc.2007.020103.

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There has recently been growing interest in the role of metaphors in environmentalism and nature conservation. Metaphors not only structure how we perceive and think but also how we should act. The metaphor of nature as a book provokes a different attitude and kind of nature management than the metaphor of nature as a machine, an organism, or a network. This article explores four clusters of metaphors that are frequently used in framing ecological restoration: metaphors from the domains of engineering and cybernetics; art and aesthetics; medicine and health care; and geography. The article argues that these metaphors, like all metaphors, are restricted in range and relevance, and that we should adopt a multiple vision on metaphor. The adoption and development of such a multiple vision will facilitate communication and cooperation across the boundaries that separate different kinds of nature management and groups of experts and other stakeholders.

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BAYNHAM-HERD, ZACHARY, TATSUYA AMANO, WILLIAM J. SUTHERLAND, and PAUL F. DONALD. "Governance explains variation in national responses to the biodiversity crisis." Environmental Conservation 45, no. 4 (February 13, 2018): 407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689291700056x.

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SUMMARYGrowing concern about the biodiversity crisis has led to a proliferation of conservation responses, but with wide variation between countries in the levels of engagement and investment. Much of this variation is inevitably attributed to differences between nations in wealth. However, the relationship between environmentalism and wealth is complex and it is increasingly apparent that other factors are also involved. We review hypotheses that have been developed to explain variation in broad environmentalism and show that many of the factors that explain such variation in individuals, such as wealth, age and experience, also explain differences between nation states. We then assess the extent to which these factors explain variation between nation states in responses to and investment in the more specific area of biodiversity conservation. Unexpectedly, quality of governance explained substantially more variation in public and state investment in biodiversity conservation than did direct measures of wealth. The results inform assessments of where conservation investments might most profitably be directed in the future and suggest that metrics relating to governance might be of considerable use in conservation planning.

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Knezevic, Irena. "Hunting and Environmentalism: Conflict or Misperceptions." Human Dimensions of Wildlife 14, no. 1 (February 9, 2009): 12–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10871200802562372.

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MacDonald, E. "The City Natural: Garden and Forest Magazine and the Rise of American Environmentalism." Landscape Journal 33, no. 2 (February 1, 2014): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.33.2.195.

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Pan, Yuan. "Human–Nature Relationships in East Asian Animated Films." Societies 10, no. 2 (April 15, 2020): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/soc10020035.

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Our relationship with nature is complex and exploring this extends beyond academia. Animated films with powerful narratives can connect humans with nature in ways that science cannot. Narratives can be transformative and shape our opinions. Nevertheless, there is little research into non-Western films with strong conservation themes. Hayao Miyazaki is a Japanese filmmaker that is acknowledged as one of the greatest animated filmmakers and master storytellers globally. The themes of environmentalism, feminism and pacifism resonate throughout his films. His underlying message is that humans must strive to live in harmony with nature, whilst presenting us with the socio-cultural complexities of human–nature relationships. I review five of Miyazaki’s films that explore human–nature relationships. One film was released with a special recommendation from the World Wildlife Fund for Nature (WWF) and the other won an Oscar. I explore the lessons that we can learn from these films regarding human–nature relationships, and how to create powerful narratives that resonate with audiences and transcend cultural barriers.

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Minteer, Ben A., and Stephen J. Pyne. "Restoring the Narrative of American Environmentalism." Restoration Ecology 21, no. 1 (September 27, 2012): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1526-100x.2012.00909.x.

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Jahn, Laurence R., and Victor B. Scheffer. "The Shaping of Environmentalism in America." Journal of Wildlife Management 56, no. 2 (April 1992): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3808848.

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Boon, Paul I., and Vishnu Prahalad. "Ecologists, economics and politics: problems and contradictions in applying neoliberal ideology to nature conservation in Australia." Pacific Conservation Biology 23, no. 2 (2017): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc16035.

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In a recent Forum Essay in Pacific Conservation Biology, the well known ecologist Harry Recher argued that over the past three decades Australia had experienced a ‘failure of science’ and a concomitant ‘death of nature’. In this essay we examine some of the propositions put forward by Recher (2015), with particular reference to the role played by neoliberal ideology in nature conservation in Australia. Since the early 1980s the neoliberal value system has effectively shaped a new paradigm for nature conservation in Australia with its own language, tools and institutions, and through such a process has redefined nature in its own terms. We focus on two of the most significant neoliberal, free-market mechanisms – (1) monetary valuation of biodiversity and of ecosystem services, and (2) the provision of complementary areas to offset losses of high-quality habitat – and show how they have come to dominate policy development and on-ground activities in wetland management and conservation in Australia. Despite the wide reach of neoliberal ideology, ecologists and conservation biologists seem largely unaware of its practical implications. In some cases, such as with offset programs and with carbon valuation, they have become complicit with the ruling ideology, without, it seems to us, being fully aware of their involvement, tacit or explicit, or of the likely connotations of that participation. Hedging the future of wetland conservation to ‘market-driven environmentalism’ is simply an expected overreach in the broader context of neoliberal economic and political ideology, and provides rich grounds for a critique in support of a more considered approach to nature conservation.

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Graham, Otis L. "Introduction: A Long Way from Earth Day." Journal of Policy History 12, no. 1 (January 2000): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jph.2000.0004.

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The third Conservation movement was summoned to life between Rachel Carson's The Silent Spring (1962) and the Santa Barbara Oil Spill at the end of the movement-spawning Sixties, and would be called by a more nature-evoking term—environmentalism. Looking back from there, those of us with some historical memory were struck by how far we had come from the first Conservation crusade led by John Muir, Theodore Roosevelt, and Gifford Pinchot, or the second led by FDR in the 1930s. In those early days they thought the problem was loss of forests, soil erosion, water and air pollution, and that the solutions were National Parks and National Forests watched over by civil servants in their gray or tan-brown uniforms, along with a Soil Conservation Service for farmers.

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Korach, Jill, and Allen R. McConnell. "The Triadic Framework: Integrating Nature, Communities, and Belief Systems into the Self-Concept for Sustained Conservation Action." Sustainability 13, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 8348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13158348.

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It can be difficult for people to perform the behaviors necessary to address sustainability challenges because selfish actions are often more appealing than choices that benefit nature and future generations. Although many useful approaches to pro-environmentalism focus on strengthening relatively simple bivariate relations (e.g., nature connectedness and community-based conservation), we propose that more effective outcomes can be realized by combining three mutually reinforcing elements that support sustainability. Specifically, we outline our Triadic Framework, which focuses on the integration of nature, communities, and belief systems with each other and within people’s self-concepts. In addition to emphasizing the shared overlap among these reciprocal elements, this framework stresses that greater integration of one’s sense of self with these elements will heighten personal motivations to perform sustainable actions. Our paper examines (1) the interconnections among nature, communities, and belief systems and (2) how these three elements can be interrelated and enmeshed in people’s self-concepts to produce greater commitment to conservation. Finally, we describe a real-world example of the Triadic Framework used effectively to promote conservation of mature forests in the Western Ghats of India, and we outline ways for others to leverage this framework to address everyday sustainability challenges.

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Orr, David W. "Death and Resurrection: the Future of Environmentalism." Conservation Biology 19, no. 4 (August 2005): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2005.00229.x.

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Attfield, Robin, and Andrew Belsey. "Introduction." Royal Institute of Philosophy Supplement 36 (March 1994): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135824610000641x.

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The philosophy of nature is at least as old as the presocratics, but has undergone comparative neglect in philosophical circles this century until recently, at least in English-speaking lands. The philosophy of science concentrates on scientific concepts and methods and the interpretation of scientific theories, rather than on the concept of nature itself, while, with significant exceptions (e.g., Hepburn, 1984), aesthetics focuses on the experience of art rather than on that of nature. Meanwhile moral, political and social philosophy has focused on the social environment, but the natural environment has often been lost to view. Indeed it has been argued, with some cogency, that mainstream Western metaphysics, epistemology and ethics have historically been inhospitable to conservation, to environmentalism and to their values (see Hargrove, 1989; Attfield, 1994a).

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Vitek, Bill. "Abandon Environmentalism for the Sake of the Revolution." Conservation Biology 18, no. 6 (December 2004): 1463–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.01864.x.

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Patten, Bernard C. "Systems ecology and environmentalism: Getting the science right." Ecological Engineering 61 (December 2013): 446–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.08.006.

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Schelhas, John, and Max J. Pfeffer. "When global environmentalism meets local livelihoods: policy and management lessons." Conservation Letters 2, no. 6 (December 2009): 278–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1755-263x.2009.00079.x.

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Bozniak, Eugene G., and Mark Dowie. "Losing Ground: American Environmentalism at the Close of the Twentieth Century." Journal of Wildlife Management 60, no. 4 (October 1996): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3802406.

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Dalal, Anjali. "Explicating Environmental Patriarchy: An Examination Through Gender and Environment Perspectives." ANTYAJAA: Indian Journal of Women and Social Change 4, no. 2 (November 13, 2019): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2455632719880849.

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Much has been written about the relationship between women, nature and development, a relationship where women’s work, like nature, is often undervalued, in terms of acknowledging the interdependence of women and nature in preservation of environment to foster sustainable growth. Women are perceived as prominent actors in domestic chores as well as contributors to environmental rehabilitation and conservation. However, in comparison to men, their work and knowledge have often been undervalued in both environmental planning and domestic resource management. The existence of environmental patriarchy is, thereby, located at three dimensions; first, women’s exclusion from resource ownership and management; second, women’s exclusion from deliberation of indigenous knowledge; and third, gendered power relationship in society. This article explores the region-specific concerns of women built into theoretical feminist perspectives of the Western world in contrast to the Third World countries, dealt within a theoretical perspective of ecofeminism and feminist environmentalism. However, both the models leave some major theoretical questions unanswered, finally concluded in a perspective as proposed by feminist political ecology. The idea behind doing this is to take account of the various ways of conceptualizing feminist ecological theories so as to emphasize greater role of women in environmental planning and decision-making processes. By simultaneously analysing some environmental movements, it was found that women’s activism was not only sustainable but confronted other social issues and patriarchy in private domain.

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Gaerrang, Kabzung. "Tibetan Buddhism, Wetland Transformation, and Environmentalism in Tibetan Pastoral Areas of Western China." Conservation and Society 15, no. 1 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.201390.

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Xie, Lei, and Peter Ho. "Urban Environmentalism and Activists′ Networks in China: The Cases of Xiangfan and Shanghai." Conservation and Society 6, no. 2 (2008): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.49208.

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Egya, Sule Emmanuel. "Out of Africa: Ecocriticism beyond Environmental Justice." Ecozon@: European Journal of Literature, Culture and Environment 11, no. 2 (October 6, 2020): 66–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37536/ecozona.2020.11.2.3495.

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This essay is an attempt to present a broader view of ecocriticism in Africa. Ecocriticism, in theory and practice, appears to have limited itself to the notion of environmental justice, with the aim of raising consciousness against institutional powers behind ecological crises. The reason for this is not far-fetched. International scholarship on African ecocriticism tends to focus on the activism of the Kenyan Wangari Mathai and the Nigerian Ken Saro-Wiwa; and on the fiction of a few writers concerned with environmentalism and conservation. This kind of ecocriticism, under the rubric of postcolonialism, is, in my view, narrow, too human-centred, and should, in fact, be decentred for an all-inclusive mapping of African ecocriticism. I attempt to shift this paradigm by foregrounding a narrative that stages the role and agency of nonhuman and spiritual materiality in practices that demonstrate nature-human relations since the pre-colonial period. I argue that for a proper delineation of the theory and practice of ecocriticism in Africa, attention should be paid to literary and cultural artefacts that depict Africa’s natural world in which humans sometimes find themselves helpless under the agency of other-than-human beings, with whom they negotiate the right path for the society. I conclude by making the point that a recognition of this natural world, and humans’ right place in it, is crucial to any ecocritical project that imagines an alternative to the present human-centred system. Keywords: African ecocriticism, natural worlds, spiritual materiality, nonhuman agency

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Sarokin, David, and Jay Schulkin. "Environmental Economics and Responsibility." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 4 (1992): 326–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900031441.

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We are optimistic about the ability of our social institutions to respond to the challenges of environmental degradation, but recognize that (a) restoring environmental quality to a world inclined towards rapidly-increasing consumption of resources and generation of wastes will require profound institutional changes, and (b) environmental challenges cannot be separated from the global-scale issue of achieving an equitable distribution of resources. Conventional economics practically ignores environmental consequences, and is inadequate to the challenge of environmental restoration. A new way of ‘doing business’ is called for.Three industries — energy, agriculture, and automobiles — have a responsibility to become the avant garde of global environmentalism, owing to the large toll which they exact in resource utilization and pollution, and for the almost universal role that each of these industries plays in the planet's diverse societies. In order to effect changes of an appropriate magnitude, these industries will need to reorient their priorities and goals — as will the institutions with which they routinely interact, including governments, research and development, and financial institutions.

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Rega, Carlo, John Helming, and Maria Luisa Paracchini. "Environmentalism and localism in agricultural and land-use policies can maintain food production while supporting biodiversity. Findings from simulations of contrasting scenarios in the EU." Land Use Policy 87 (September 2019): 103986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2019.05.005.

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MATHEKA, REUBEN M. "GERMAN IMPERIALISM AND GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTALISM - The Nature of German Imperialism: Conservation and the Politics of Wildlife in Colonial East Africa. By Bernhard Gissibl. New York: Berghahn Books, 2016. Pp. xiv + 360. $120 (ISBN 978-1-78533-175-6)." Journal of African History 59, no. 3 (November 2018): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853718000919.

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Gardashuk, Tetiana, and Nelya Filiyanina. "THE ROLE OF ELITES IN FORMATION OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONSCIOUSNESS OF SOCIETY (HISTORICAL OVERVIEW)." Almanac of Ukrainian Studies, no. 22 (2017): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2520-2626/2017.22.16.

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The historical role of elite (elites) in formation of the public ecological consciousness and in solving of environmental problems from the beginning of industrial revolution of 16-17 centuries in England which resulted in drastic impacts on the environment until our days are considered in the article. It was discovered the evolution of the environmental concerns from the worry of the elites about nature to the modern global mass movement. The first concern of elites over the human impacts on nature and over the loss of harmony between man and nature is related to the time of Romanticism. It was articulated in the most expressive form in the English Romanticism (Percy Bashi Shelley, William Blake, George Byron, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, William Wordsworth, John Clare) and in the German Romanticism (Friedrich Wilhelm Schelling, Novalis). The concern of the public elites (writers, scientists-naturalists, public figures, artists) of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries over the state of the environment, natural resources depletion, species extinction and over the decline of the natural and cultural heritage in total due to rapid industrialization and urbanization created the preconditions for the modern ecologim. During that period nature is still considered as a source of harmony and stability which is able to resist to destructive power of industrial civilization, which rapidly transforms the environment. Particular features of development of the European movement for nature protection were shaped by the national, cultural, economic and political peculiarities of the countries of the Western Europe, as well as by dominating social moral and aesthetic values of particular country. The joint result of the activities of the broad spectrum of environmental organizations and groups was the adoption of legislative acts aimed at natural-cultural heritage protection of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries in a number of European countries. This created favorable conditions for networking the European environmental movement and for internationalization of its activities and for forming the first phase of the environmental mobilization of the society, initiated by the public elites of the end of the 19th and early 20th centuries. After the Second World War the broad strata of population in the Western Europe and the North America were involved in the environmental movement. At the same time this movement was split in two principal branches, namely: the nature conservation movement and the movement which considers the quality and safety of human environment as a part of human rights in a democratic society. From 1960s there are two relatively autonomous main branches of the public movement, which, however, closely interact with each other. The formation of the second phase of environmentalism is related to the penetration of the ideas of environmental protection in all spheres of social and political life during 1960s-1970s («Silent Spring», the Club of Rome) and celebration of the Earths Day in April of the year 1970. Thus, the elitist movement for nature protection was transformed into the mass movement for human rights to live in the save environment. In spite of the environmental movement has gone the way from concerns of the elites over the growth of industrialization, urbanization and negative environmental impacts of economic growth and, consequently, overconsumption to the mass movement of thousands and millions of people, the elites still continue to play a significant role in it.

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Erickson, Donna. "ECOLOGICAL IDENTITY: BECOMING A REFLECTIVE ENVIRONMENTALIST." Landscape Journal 15, no. 2 (1996): 169–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3368/lj.15.2.169.

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Thiele, Leslie Paul. "Nature 4.0: Assisted Evolution, De-extinction, and Ecological Restoration Technologies." Global Environmental Politics 20, no. 3 (August 2020): 9–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep_a_00559.

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Humans have served their needs and interests by modifying plants, animals, and ecosystems for millennia. Technology has expanded, accelerated, and intensified the impact. Experimental efforts are now under way to rescue or re-create nature employing highly sophisticated technologies. These endeavors are not aimed at satisfying basic human needs or serving economic interests; their goal is the conservation of biodiversity and ecological restoration. At the same time, they fundamentally alter the fabric of life and guarantee unintended consequences. An examination of the ecological and cultural risks, benefits, and costs of employing synthetic biology to assist evolution and de-extinct species provides a valuable test case for environmentalists and conservationists grappling with the implications of ecological restoration technologies.

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Vladimirova, Vladislava. "Politics of the green economy in Russia's European North." Journal of Political Ecology 24, no. 1 (September 27, 2017): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v24i1.20810.

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Abstract The global drive for a greener economy generates controversy in Russia, a country that is dependent on export of raw mineral resources. Debates are most heated in relation to the North, where resource extraction takes place. In an environment of high unemployment and low income ecological issues are priority for a few environmentalists. Russian politicians, who support the green economy in international fora, instead emphasize economic development at home and show little interest in environmental protection. This article focuses on the controversies over policies from the perspective of environmentalists and members of local communities in Murmansk Region who are struggling to establish a national park in the Khibiny Mountains. The initiative has been presented by some environmentalists as a contribution to the green economy, but it also demonstrates mechanisms of nature governance in Russia, as well as the limited possibilities for bottom-up participation of NGOs, scholars, and the indigenous community. The article also situates the green economy in Russia within critical analysis of the global green economy, which reveals common trends and problems. Russia replicates the common overemphasis on economic development and commoditization of nature rather than radical reformation of nature's value and use. Key words: Green Economy, Russia, Nature Conservation, Arctic, Indigenous Sami, Murmansk Region

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Shaw, W. Douglass. "Environmental Economics: Can Economics Help Mother Earth?" Environmental Conservation 18, no. 3 (1991): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900022153.

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Ecologists and environmentalists have long been at odds with economists over whether economic theory and practice helps or hinders environmental protection and improvement. This paper suggests that the specific field of environmental economics has contributed a great deal to the potential for environmental improvement, particularly with recent improvements in techniques which attempt to value environmental goods. The basic tenets of environmental economics are reviewed, including the tradable emissions-permits approach, and then specific recent applications of the permit system in the United States of America are presented.The two basic valuation techniques, travel cost and the contingent valuation method (CVM), are briefly discussed, along with the shortcoming of the travel cost approach in obtaining ‘intrinsic’ values for environmental goods. This paper describes results from experimental economics which support the use of the CVM in estimating intrinsic values for environmental resources. In a new study, subjects in a laboratory experiment pay to prevent the destruction of a plant. This finding should appeal to the environmentalist and ecologist. Lastly, recent developments in macroeconomics and general equilibrium models which incorporate pollution and resource degradation variables, are shown to contribute positively to the goal of global environmental improvement.

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WATKINS, CHARLES. "The Dawn of Green. Manchester, Thirlemere and Modern Environmentalism BY HARRIET RITVO 237 pp., 23.5 × 16 × 1.5 cm, ISBN 978 0 226 72082 1 hardback, GB£ 18.00/US$ 26.00, Chicago, USA/London, UK: The University of Chicago Press, 2009." Environmental Conservation 36, no. 4 (December 2009): 348. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892910000068.

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Tarakeshwar, Nalini, Aaron B. Swank, Kenneth I. Pargament, and Annette Mahoney. "The Sanctification of Nature and Theological Conservatism: A Study of Opposing Religious Correlates of Environmentalism." Review of Religious Research 42, no. 4 (June 2001): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3512131.

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Hamilton, Clive, and Hal Turton. "With Friends Like Bjorn Lomborg, Environmentalists Don't Need Enemies." Pacific Conservation Biology 7, no. 3 (2001): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc010214.

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LOMBORG'S stated intention is to use the statistical evidence to demolish what he calls the "litany" of four big environmental fears - exhaustion of natural resources, overpopulation, extinction of species and worsening pollution.

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Bruce, Charles. "Rabindranath Tagore: The Deep-Rooted Environmentalist and The Origins of Sustainability." Gitanjali & Beyond 2, no. 1 (November 24, 2018): 8–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.14297/gnb.2.1.8-15.

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The opening years of the twentieth century witnessed rising public disquiet about evident environmental degradation and the ever more obvious loss of important habitats. In the United States, following the personal intervention of President Theodore Roosevelt, Congress passed an act in 1906 to establish a protected inventory of national parks and forests. A year later the UK Parliament passed an act to establish the National Trust. Following the well trailed campaigns of self-anointed environmentalists such as John Muir and Octavia Hill, the protection of vulnerable landscapes appeared for the first time on the public policy agenda. Against this background of rising awareness of the unfettered consequences of economic growth, a similar concern can be detected for the plight of rural communities in the Indian state of Bengal, largely as a result of the personal involvement – in both word and deed – of Rabindranath Tagore. It can be argued further that Tagore’s innate empiricism as a result of this growing awareness, anticipated the discourse that would lead eventually to the World Conservation Strategy published by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature in 1980. It was followed by the Brundtland Report (1987) Our Common Future.

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Poli, Corrado. "An Environmentalist Re-Patterning of Political Language and Practice: From Freedom and Justice to Responsibility for Nature." Human Geography 5, no. 2 (July 2012): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/194277861200500201.

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This essay: (a) criticizes the current political strategy of most environmentalists, radical and moderate; (b) proposes the intellectual terms of a political alliance that could overcome the traditional political separation between conservative and progressive when dealing with the environmental question; (c) reports on a case; (d) suggests how to shift from a non-political situation into political and institutional action. My goal is to create a political-cultural background which brings environmentalists together with people inspired by new economy, cultural creatives, wikinomics, organic farming, cultural and immaterial consumption models, etc. The alliance will be grounded on a new covenant between humans and nature, and on a non-materialist interpretation of politics. Therefore, I call for new research that helps to radically change the political and the production system, not because the system is unjust in the usually- considered terms, but because it endangers nature and society. By changing the order of priority I do not deny the importance of social justice and individual freedom in everyday life. Rather, I think that meaningful political reforms, and consistent political platforms, will be possible only if we put the relation between humans and nature first in the political debate.

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WINTER, CAROLINE, and MICHAEL LOCKWOOD. "A model for measuring natural area values and park preferences." Environmental Conservation 32, no. 3 (September 2005): 270–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892905002468.

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Theory suggests that values are important in determining an individual's behaviour and preferences related to environmental issues; however robust models that attempt to describe empirical relationships have proven elusive. This paper describes a model that clarified some relationships between values and preferences for the future management of natural areas. The key element in the model was the use of a new scale, the Natural Area Value Scale (NAVS) for measuring the relative strengths of individuals' intrinsic, non-use, use and recreation values for natural areas. Also of importance was a variable that grouped people according to their common values. The data were obtained from samples of the general public, environmentalists and farmers in Australia and were analysed in a structural equation model. The model indicated the relative importance of particular value components in determining nature conservation preferences, as well as individuals' willingness to make personal sacrifices to secure these preferences for protecting natural areas. The model fit differed for the three samples: it provided a good fit for the general public sample, for which it was designed, and weaker fit for environmentalists and farmers. The work contributes to understanding of the values that underlie conservation decisions and provides a basis for further research to develop the model's explanatory power.

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Collar, N. J. "Species are a measure of man's freedom: reflections after writing a Red Data Book on African birds." Oryx 20, no. 1 (January 1986): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300025849.

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The broad vision of the new environmentalist, who seeks to conserve the world's ecosystems for the sake of the human species as well as wildlife, has much to commend it. Beside it, the traditional conservationist's approach, aiming to conserve wildlife for its own sake, seems outmoded. The development of the concept of ecosystem management, however, has been accompanied by other shifts in emphasis. Among them is the idea of wildlife as an economic asset, paying for its own conservation by providing, for example, tourist revenue and pharmaceuticals. This development may seem to be the fulfilment of the dream of those who want to ‘sell’ conservation to those with power over the environment. The author, who has recently completed writing the ICBP/IUCN Red Data Book on African birds, offers a personal view of where the new trend may be leading many of the threatened species of the earth.

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Fletcher, Robert. "Neoliberal environmentality: Towards a poststructuralist political ecology of the conservation debate." Conservation and Society 8, no. 3 (2010): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0972-4923.73806.

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Quddus, Abdul. "Menggagas Fiqh Al-Bī’ah sebagai Basis Etis-Praktis Konservasi Alam." Ulumuna 19, no. 1 (June 29, 2015): 205–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1258.

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Environmentalists are now seeking a new way to tackle environmental crises after the failure of the science-based approach to these issues. They look for an alternative perspective and mechanism on the basis of religion or wisdom of local tradition for the environment maintenance. Islamic law (fiqh) offers ethical grounds and norms for the conservation of nature. The grounds are not abstract norms but concrete guidance for humans as the God’s vicegerent on earth. Furthermore, fiqh has provided individuals and society the standard of ethic and practice to deal with nature. This article examines the norms and history of fiqh regarding human-nature relations or fiqh al-bī’ah (Islamic law of nature preservation). It shows that fiqh offers a detailed h\alal-h\aram provision as the scheme of standard consumption, hima (wildlife protection) and ihyā’ al-mawat (cultivation of unowned land). DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.20414/ujis.v19i1.1258

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Thorpe, Jocelyn. "To Visit and to Cut Down: Tourism, Forestry, and the Social Construction of Nature in Twentieth-Century Northeastern Ontario." Journal of the Canadian Historical Association 19, no. 1 (May 28, 2009): 331–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/037437ar.

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Abstract This paper relies on the insights of social nature scholarship to trace the historical forest conservationist and tourism discourses through which Temagami, Ontario, became famous as a site of wild forest nature. The discursive practices associated with Temagami tourism and forest conservation in the early twentieth century did not merely reflect a self-evident wilderness, but rather constituted the region as a wild place for non-Native people both to visit and to extract for profit. The social construction of Temagami wilderness came to appear natural through the erasure of the Teme-Augama Anishnabai’s claim to the Temagami region, an erasure that persisted in environmentalists’ struggle to “save” the Temagami wilderness in the late 1980s. Revealing the histories and power relationships embedded in wilderness is part of the struggle toward greater justice.

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Winarko, Hilarius Bambang, Marina Saraswati, and Muhammat Andryansyah. "The Role of Community Partnerships in the Development Plan of Ecotourism Entrepreneurship [Peran Pola Kemitraan Komunitas dalam Rencana Pengembangan Wirausaha Ekowisata]." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.48.

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Sarongge Kincir Village offers an entrepreneurial ecotourism concept by utilizing potential natural resources and an organic lifestyle at Sarongge Village, Cianjur, West Java near the area of National Conservation Forestry of Mount Gede Pangrango (TNGPP) The villagers had been living in a harmonious environment of agricultural lifestyle in the nature conservation zone that regulates by governmental laws, that forced them to find another financial income alternatives without leaving their local wisdom. The communities partnership scheme is one of the alternatives offered to solve the problem, by involving environmentalists, education institution, as well as local communities. This collaboration is possibly done through an integrated ecotourism business development concept. Business canvas model, services marketing mix, and financial analysis that learned in higher education can be used in building this concept to create entrepreneurial activities as well as provide solution alternative. Local communities may enjoy the advantage by living more independent economically and living harmoniously by protecting their existing natural environment, while still supporting government regulation. This kind of partnership may be able to be applied in similar areas throughout Indonesia, especially the villages whose societies need entrepreneurial enhancement.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmentalism Nature conservation'

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