Academic literature on the topic 'Environmentally Displaced Person'
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Journal articles on the topic "Environmentally Displaced Person"
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Mileski, Toni, and Marina Malish-Sazdovska. "Environmentally Displaced Persons." Environmental Policy and Law 48, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-180064.
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Wang, Bingran. "Future resettlement of environmentally displaced persons." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 692, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 032016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/692/3/032016.
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Souza, Maria Cláudia Da Silva Antunes de, and Lucas De Melo Prado. "The Statute of Refugees: Is it Applicable to Environmentally Displaced Persons?" UNIO – EU Law Journal 1 (July 1, 2015): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.1.10.
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The increasingly frequent occurrence of environmental disasters and natural resource degradation jeopardize the quality of life of humankind and, in some cases, prevents people from remaining in their places of origin. The backdrop of this article is the increasing concern in regards to people forced to abandon their homes, due to environmental changes that render the place they live inhospitable for human survival. The article has the objective to verify if and under which circumstances the global system of refugee protection is applied to environmentally displaced persons, filling in the lack of rules regulating their situation and ensuring their Fundamental Rights. Accordingly, it is necessary to build a specific legal system for environmentally displaced persons that guarantees people in that condition an effective protection.
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Ding, Guorong, Wenbo Wang, and Yang Shen. "Research on Cultural Protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (November 4, 2020): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012093.
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Muraspahić, Muamer, Isaja Kastrat, Semsudin Plojović, Mirsad Imamovic, Sonja Ketin, and Rade Biocanin. "Effect of Sanitary-Environmental Conditions of Diabetic Hypertension Incidence in Displaced Persons." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2017): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.008.
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BACKGROUND: The abnormal conditions of life and genetic factors often play a major role in the incidence of "diabetes - diabetes", heart disease and vascular disease, jaundice and posttraumatic stress.AIM: Trauma and posttraumatic stress are most common in the displaced persons, and the focus of this paper is to focus on this issue regarding cases in former Yugoslavia, and now in our country. These diseases are caused by increased beta-cell sensitivity to viruses, the development of autoimmune antibodies attacking their pancreas cells, degenerative changes in cells that result in the change of structure and of insulin production.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this paper, we have taken into account the traumatic events and long-term psychosocial consequences for internally displaced persons, several years after displacement, and found a high level of PTSD symptoms.RESULTS: This stress is present in almost 1/3 of internally displaced persons, and every sixth person has suffered from PTSD in the past. Respondents suffer from symptoms of intrusion, but there was a large number of symptoms, such as avoidance and increased arousal. We also found that gender, age and education are related to the symptoms.CONCLUSION: Females, and older respondents and internally displaced persons with lower levels of education show a higher level of PTSD symptoms.
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Westing, Arthur H. "Environmental Refugees: A Growing Category of Displaced Persons." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 3 (1992): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003099x.
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Examined here is the problem of persons compelled to flee from their areas of habitual residence. The number of such displaced persons (refugees), both nationally internal and cross-border, already in the many millions, nonetheless keeps increasing by perhaps 3 millions per year. Many of the uprooted continue to flee owing to persecution, oppression, or war. However, these triggering events appear not to have been worsening markedly in recent years. Other, more strictly environmental, refugees flee from such natural disasters as flooding, drought, and volcanic action, although these triggering events have also not been increasing in frequency or severity.It is thus suggested here that the continuing increases in refugees result from transgressions of the carrying capacity — that is, of unsustainable increases in human (and associated livestock) numbers, often associated with site deterioration or actual habitat degradation. Such displaced persons have been referred to as ‘environmental refugees’. It is clear that in the long term the poignant dilemma of the ever-increasing numbers of refugees can be addressed only in terms of achieving environmental security within a framework of comprehensive human security.
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Prieur, Michel, Jean-Pierre Marguénaud, Gérard Monediaire, Julien Betaille, Bernard Drobenko, Jean-Jacques Gouguet, Jean-Marc Lavieille, et al. "Draft convention on the international status of environmentally- displaced persons." Revue Européenne de Droit de l'Environnement 12, no. 4 (2008): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reden.2008.2058.
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Myrstad, Finn, and Vikram Kolmannskog. "Environmental Displacement in European Asylum Law." European Journal of Migration and Law 11, no. 4 (2009): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181609789804321.
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AbstractEnvironmentally displaced persons can be included in several existing categories of protected persons under international law, but there may be a normative protection gap for many of those who cross an international border. This article looks at protection possibilities within the EU framework and national European legislations. Environmental displacement can arguably trigger temporary protection according to the EU Temporary Protection Directive. There may also be environmentally displaced persons who require longer-term or permanent protection. Drawing on the EU Qualification Directive and case-law from the European Court of Human Rights, one can argue that subsidiary protection should be granted in certain cases of extreme natural disaster or degradation. In less extreme cases, humanitarian asylum could be granted. Human rights principles such as non-refoulement could also be used to extend at least basic protection. In addition, legal labour migration could supply a work force, assist distressed countries and enhance protection of the individual. A strategy to meet the challenge of environmental displacement must also include climate change mitigation and external measures such as adaptation. Most of the displaced persons in the world today and in the near future do not arrive at the EU borders.
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박태현. "A Study of a Way for protecting Environmentally-Displaced Persons in International Law." Journal of hongik law review 11, no. 3 (October 2010): 429–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.11.3.201010.429.
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Burton, Ann, and Franklin John-Leader. "Are we reaching refugees and internally displaced persons?" Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.060806.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Environmentally Displaced Person"
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Mendonça, Renata de Lima. "Pessoa ambientalmente deslocada: governança como uma ferramenta de gestão para proteção da nova categoria de migrantes." Universidade Estadual da Paraíba, 2012. http://tede.bc.uepb.edu.br/tede/jspui/handle/tede/2071.
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This study aims to analyze the management of migration caused by environmental change, trying to understand if certain actions are effective for the promotion, protection and defense of environmentally displaced person. First, it was developed a significant conceptual and scientific debate, addressing the progression of the concepts, the classification criteria, the theoretical debate and estimates based on survey of multi-causal factors linked to environmental migration. Also, it was observed the contextualization of the thematic transformations inserted in the beginning of the century, with globalization and the strengthening of networks and the emergence of environmental problems globally. From there, it was up to the theoretical survey on about ways to manage the new international realities, adopting governance as the most effective means in order to provide and improve the protection of this new category of migrants.
O presente trabalho tem como objetivo analisar a gestão do processo migratório provocado pelas alterações ambientais, buscando compreender se determinadas ações são eficazes para a promoção, proteção e defesa da pessoa ambientalmente deslocada. Assim, primeiramente, se fez necessário um debate científico e conceitual significativo, abordando o desenvolvimento dos conceitos, os critérios de classificação, o debate teórico fundamentado em estimativas e o levantamento dos fatores multicausais vinculados à migração ambiental. Igualmente, observou-se a contextualização da temática inserida nas transformações no início do século XXI, com o fortalecimento da globalização e das redes e o surgimento dos problemas ambientais em âmbito global. A partir daí coube fazer os levantamento teóricos sobre as sobre as formas de administrar as novas realidades internacionais, adotando a governança como o meio mais eficaz, a fim de fornecer e melhorar a capacidade de proteção dessa nova categoria de migrante.
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McNamara, Karen Elizabeth School of Biological Earth & Environmental Science UNSW. "The politics of ???environmental refugee??? protection at the United Nations." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Science, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26972.
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This thesis seeks to better conceptualise how and why there is an absence of international protection for ???environmental refugees???, and to place these findings in the critical geopolitics literature. A poststructuralist framework, drawing on Foucault???s ideas of discourse, subjectivity, power and governance, was deemed most appropriate for this thesis, and provided a means of differentiation from previous literature on ???environmental refugees???. This thesis develops a genealogy of the subject category of ???environmental refugees??? since the 1970s, to better understand how the United Nations, Inter-Governmental Organisations (IGOs), Non-Governmental Organisations (NGOs) and the media have constructed environmental issues and refugees in texts. Fieldwork undertaken in 2004 enabled me to conduct 45 semistructured interviews with United Nations diplomats and representatives from IGOs and NGOs. Critical scrutiny of these interview texts revealed the constructions of ???environmental refugees??? as various subject identities, particularly in relation to climate change. Pacific ambassadors to the United Nations were also interviewed in 2004 to explore how they negotiated discourses on climate change and ???environmental refugees???, and attempted to articulate their concerns at the United Nations. This thesis contends that an absence of policy at the United Nations to protect ???environmental refugees??? has been produced by a combination of discursive and institutional politics. Unequal power structures at the United Nations have limited the capacity of small island states to lobby and articulate concerns, while subject categories of ???environmental refugees??? have been constructed in ways that alter the terms of debate, evade legal response, or deflect blame away from the perpetrators of environmental damage. Reasons for this policy absence have been the shifting attitudes towards environmental issues and the role of multilateral political institutions. The overall contribution of this thesis is to critical geopolitics, through its examination of the role of multilateralism, representations of environmental issues causing population displacement, and how and why policy absences are created within multilateral institutions such as the United Nations.
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Sjöberg, Josefin. "National policies on internally displaced persons : A comparative study on policies inclusiveness of environmental IDP´s in Cambodia and Papua new Guinea." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för samhällsstudier (SS), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96158.
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The impacts from climate change is among the most pressing issues that the international community is currently faced with. Climate change makes that thousands of people all over the world are and will continue to be forced to flee from their homes, thus becoming displaced. Very little is written about this group of environmental IDP´s and their protection by national policies. This is especially problematic for less developed countries, where little focus is on the IDP´s but where their plight is even more dire. This is due to the fact that those countries to a greater extent lack resources to manage climate change disasters in effective ways. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the debate on IDP´s, and to address the need to involve IDP´s in national policies, in an effort to protect those groups. This research problem was examined through analysing two cases, i.e. the development countries, Cambodia and Papua New Guinea, which have been studied through a qualitative case study with the use of structured focused comparison. The analytical framework used to analyse the findings retrieved from the cases was the Policy implementation process framework, which offered different variables to examine and guide the analysis. This was further complemented by the concept vulnerability, in order to get a more comprehensive picture on influencing variables. The findings illustrate that both cases has managed to introduce extensive policy frameworks on the subject of climate change and environmental disasters, but only PNG explicitly incorporates IDP´s in their policy plan. The study further recognised the shared challenges for both cases on policy implementations. Insufficient human and financial resources due to lack of commitment and mainstreaming at government-levels are the main problems facing both Cambodia and Papua New Guinea. For future research it is therefore important to continue efforts of recognising the need for national protection for environmental IDP´s and to continue evaluating national frameworks.
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Medgyesi, Danielle Nicolle. "Where children play: young child exposure to environmental hazards during play in public areas in a transitioning internally displaced persons community in Haiti." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2018. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/6206.
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Globally, gastrointestinal (GI) infections by enteric pathogens are the second leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children under the age of five (≤5). While GI pathogen exposure in households has been rigorously examined, there is little data about young children’s exposure in public domains. Public areas in low-income settings are often used for waste disposal practices beyond human feces disposal, including trash dumping in open drainage canals and unused lots. If young children play in public domains unattended, they might be exposed to interrelated and highly concentrated microbial, chemical, and physical hazards. This study performed structured observations at 36 public areas in a transitioning internally displaced persons community in Haiti, to document how often young children play in public areas and to quantify behaviors that might lead to illness and injury. Children ≤5 yrs played at all public sites, including toddlers (92%/sites) and infants (44%/sites). Children touched and mouthed trash (metal, glass, plastic), food and other objects from the ground, ate soil (geophagia), drank surface water; as well as touched latrines, animals, animal feces, and open drainage canals. Hand-to-mouth contact was frequent and significantly different among developmental stages (infants: 18/hr, toddlers: 11/hr, and young children: 9/hr), providing evidence that children could ingest trace amounts of GI pathogens and other contaminants on hands. These findings demonstrate that water, sanitation, and hygiene interventions need to consider the unique risks posed by public domains that contribute to GI infection in young children. Furthermore, this highlights the need for waste related interventions to address the broader set of civil conditions that create unsafe, toxic, and contaminated public environments where young children play.
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Poumo, leumbe Jean-Jacques parfait. "Les déplacés environnementaux : problématique de la recherche d’un statut juridique en droit international." Thesis, Limoges, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIMO0066/document.
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Les personnes déplacées à la suite de la destruction de l’environnement sont de plus en plus nombreux. Leur protection au plan juridique pose plusieurs problèmes au niveau international. La notion de souveraineté fait face à celle de l’obligation de protéger ; l’assistance de la communauté internationale après une catastrophe s’impose comme la règle d’or. Un diagnostic du droit international actuel notamment en matière de protection des réfugiés ou de l’environnement montre clairement le vide juridique existant. La création d’un instrument juridique nouveau au plan international visant la protection de ces déplacés environnementaux pourrait être la solution si les obstacles sociaux, politiques, économiques et même idéologiques n’existaient pas. Cette thèse analyse la notion de déplacé environnemental à travers la problématique que pose la recherche de leur statut juridique au plan international, elle nous permet d’analyser à l’aide de la prospective juridique les propositions de solutions présentées par certains universitaires et ouvre des pistes sérieuses de réflexions pour l’adoption d’un instrument de protection efficaceToday, environmentally displaced persons are becoming more numerous. Their legal status poses several problems at international level. The notion of sovereignty faces to that of obligation to protect; assistance by international community after environmental disasters is becoming the standard. A diagnosis of current international situation, especially in the protection of refugees and in environment law, clearly shows the existing of legal vacuum. The creation of a new legal international instrument for protection of these environmentally displaced persons could be the solution if the social, economic, political and even ideological barriers did not exist. This thesis analyzes the concept of environmentally displaced persons through the problem posed by the research of their legal status in international law. We analyze with legal prospective method, proposed solutions presented by some academics which opens serious reflections for an effective instrument of protection
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Lachal, Doriane. "La protection internationale des personnes vulnérables déplacées." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA111011.
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La communauté internationale considère certaines personnes déplacées comme étant des migrants irréguliers. Cette étude démontre le caractère contraint du départ pour trois catégories de personnes, à savoir les personnes fuyant les conséquences aveugles d’un conflit armé international ou non international, les personnes fuyant les catastrophes environnementales de causes anthropiques ou naturelles et les personnes fuyant une situation économique ou sociale désastreuse. L’approche catégorielle classique du droit international public ne permet pas de garantir une protection à ces personnes. Aucun statut particulier ne leur étant attribué, ces personnes se trouvent dans une situation de vulnérabilité. De quelle manière est-il alors possible d’assurer une protection effective à ces personnes vulnérables déplacées ? Actuellement, la plupart des Etats s’inscrivent dans une démarche sécuritaire, contrôlant strictement la gestion des flux migratoires et appliquant peu ou prou les instruments juridiques internationaux protecteurs. Une complémentarité des différents régimes juridiques (droit international des réfugiés, droit international humanitaire, droit international des droits de l’homme) est par conséquent nécessaire et une interprétation extensive des textes existants est recommandée. Pour pallier les insuffisances du droit positif, le recours à la notion de vulnérabilité, transversale à ces diverses situations, est invoqué, permettant ainsi de dépasser l’approche catégorielle classique. Pas encore reconnue comme une source du droit international, la notion est devenue, depuis quelques années, incontournable sur la scène internationale. Elle apparaît ponctuellement dans les textes conventionnels et est fréquemment utilisée dans les instruments de droit mou. Prise en compte progressivement par les jurisprudences internationales et régionales, mais aussi par la doctrine, elle figure allègrement dans le discours des organisations humanitaires et des médias. Le développement de la notion de vulnérabilité en droit mou, précisément en des lignes directrices garantirait une meilleure protection des personnes déplacées vulnérables permettant de prévenir le déplacement, d’octroyer un statut temporaire ou définitif ou encore de fournir des conditions d’accueil dignes dans les Etats ou les régions hôtes. Ces lignes directrices servant de guide aux Etats laissent envisager par la suite l’adoption de règles contraignantes protectrices de ces personnes déplacées. La distinction entre personnes vulnérables déplacées et personnes particulièrement vulnérables doit également être prise en compte à ce stade. De surcroît, il convient d’engager la responsabilité des auteurs ayant contribué au déplacement contraint ou ayant commis des exactions sur ces personnes déplacées devant des instances judiciaires internationales, régionales ou encore nationales pour lutter contre l’impunité. En conséquence, une réparation juste pour le préjudice subi doit être garantie à ces personnesThe international community considers some displaced persons as irregular migrants. This study demonstrates that the departure is undeniably forced concerning three groups of people : the persons fleeing blind violence and the collateral effects of an international or non international armed conflict, the persons fleeing man-made or natural environmental disasters, and the persons fleeing difficult economical or social situations. The classical approach of public international law based on distinct categories does not guarantee effective protection to these persons. As no particular international status is given to these persons, they are in a situation of vulnerability. In which way an effective protection could be a guarantee to these vulnerable displaced persons? Currently, most of the States defend a safe approach, strictly controlling the management of migration flows and applying more or less protective international legal instruments. Complementarity of different legal systems (international refugee law, international humanitarian law, international law of human rights) is therefore necessary and a broad interpretation of existing texts is recommended. To overcome the shortcomings of positive law, the use of the concept of vulnerability, crossing different situations, is invoked, in order to exceed the traditional categorical approach. Not yet recognised as a source of international law, the term “vulnerability” has become an essential notion on the international scene in recent years. It appears occasionally in conventional instruments and is frequently used in soft law. It has been gradually developed through the international and regional jurisprudence and also by the doctrine. The discourse of humanitarian organizations and the media often refers to the notion. The development of the concept of vulnerability in soft law, specifically in the shape of guidelines would ensure a better protection of vulnerable displaced persons. In this regard, guidelines could prevent people fleeing, grant a temporary or a permanent status and provide dignified reception conditions in the host States or regions. This instrument of soft law would be used as a guide for States subsequent to the adoption of protective binding rules. The distinction between vulnerable displaced persons and particularly vulnerable persons has to be taken into account at this stage. Furthermore, the responsibility of the authors who have contributed to the forced displacement or who have committed atrocities against the displaced persons should be brought before the international, regional or national judicial authorities, in order to fight against impunity. Consequently, a fair compensation for the damage suffered must be guaranteed to these persons
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Castillo, Justine. "Les interprètes de la Convention de Genève du 28 juillet 1951 relative au statut des réfugiés : Étude du point de vue de la France." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0062/document.
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Plus de soixante ans après son adoption, la Convention de Genève compte 145 États parties.Instrument juridique universel sur le statut des réfugiés, elle est la lex specialis du droit international desréfugiés. Qui est réfugié ? Quelle protection lui est accordée ? Ces deux questions se posent avec uneacuité certaine du fait de l’accroissement des flux migratoires, des crises multiples et de la lutte contre leterrorisme. Le contexte actuel de l’application de la Convention est différent de celui de son adoption.Rédigée par la voie de dispositions générales, elle doit être interprétée pour être appliquée. Cependant, iln’existe pas un interprète. Si les États, le Haut Commissariat des Nations Unies pour les réfugiés et laCour internationale de justice sont les interprètes officiels, ils ne sont pas les seuls. L’Office français deprotection des réfugiés et apatrides et la Cour nationale du droit d’asile jouent un rôle important et la Coureuropéenne des droits de l’homme et la Cour de justice de l’Union européenne jouent un rôle grandissant.Cette multiplicité d’interprètes peut causer une diversité d’interprétations. Or, les interprétationsdivergentes nuisent à la lisibilité et la visibilité de la Convention en tant qu’instrument de définition et deprotection des réfugiés. La présente étude est une analyse de la contribution des interprètes aux évolutionsde la Convention. Dans cette perspective, la prolifération des instruments du droit européen etinternational des droits de l’homme et la complexification des déplacements contraints de personnes sontdes paramètres incontournables, pris en compte par les interprètes, pour éclairer le sens et la portée de laConventionMore than sixty years after its adoption, the Geneva Convention counts 145 States ascontracting Parties. This universal legal instrument on refugee’s status represents the lex specialis ofinternational refugee Law. Who can be a refugee? What can be his level of protection? These questionsare particularly relevant under the influence of the increasing population flows, the multiples crises andthe fight against terrorism. The current context of the Convention’s application is different than the one ofits adoption. And due to its general provisions, this Convention needs to be interpreted in order to beapplied. However, there is no sole interpreter. The States, the United Nations High Commissioner forRefugees and the International Court of Justice are indeed the official interpreters, but not the only onesensuring this mission. Not only the French Office for the Protection of Refugees and Stateless Persons andthe National Court of Asylum play an important role in this matter, but the European Court of HumanRights and the Court of Justice of the European Union also play an expanding role. This multiplicity ofinterpreters can induce a variety of interpretations. Nevertheless, a divergent interpretation can affect thereadability and the visibility of the Convention as a refugee defining and protective legal instrument. Thepresent study constitutes an analysis of the interpreters’ contribution to the Convention’s developments. Inthis perspective, the overgrowth of European and International Human Rights Law instrument and thecomplexity of forced migration are ineluctable feature, taken into account by the interpreters, to clarify themeaning and the scope of the Convention
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Alves, Pereira Marisa. "Environmental Refugees, the XXI Century Imperative Challenge." Master's thesis, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-329597.
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There are new challenges, facing the 21st century and one of them is the discussion around climate change and global warming. This phenomenon brings with it a deeper problem, which is the fact that millions of people have their lives strongly damaged as a consequence of the climate changes. There is no international instrument that protects these climate victims, which in this thesis are referred to as environmental refuges. This thesis focused on trying to evaluate solutions to the problem of environmental refugees. To achieve this we first had a look at the different types of forced migration since it would define which type of solution would suit this type of refugees the best. We had a look at the "Oustees" which are the people who are forced to move due to development projects in the different countries. Then we had a look at Bangladesh as one of the case studies since it is one of the countries at higher risk of suffering the adverse consequences of climate change, which forces many people to move internally or to cross the border to India. We were able to conclude that cross border migration increases tensions between countries and between social groups of the receiving communities. Since these people need protection and since these types of tensions threaten peace and security in some...
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Düring, Daniël Nicolas. "The legal protection of cross-border climate-induced displaced persons in Southern Africa / Daniël Nicolas Düring." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/11543.
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The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which existing law could provide a legal basis for the protection of cross-border, climate change displaced persons, with a particular focus on Southern Africa. Before such an analysis can be made, however, it is important first to determine what climate change displacement exactly implies. By means of integrating and refining existing legal terminology and ideas the study attempts to disentangle the international contention on the subject and proposes that individuals who are forced from their countries of habitual residence as a reaction primarily to climatic push factors which pose an existential threat to their right to life are most in need of protection and may be referred to as cross-border climate change displaced persons.
As climate change displacement is expected to occur primarily on the sub-regional geopolitical level of governance, the inclusion of regional, AU, and sub-regional, SADC, elements is important for the practical feasibility of this study. Southern Africa's particular vulnerability to the effects of climate change, making the advent of large numbers of climate change displaced persons in the area a reasonable prediction for the future, further justifies this study's chosen scope.
After analysing the different legal branches of refugee law, human rights law and environmental law for each geopolitical level of governance referred to, this study concludes that: While there are several potential provisions in law that could provide protection to persons displaced by climate change, a sufficient protection framework can be derived only from the composite characteristics of different branches of law. Therefore, it is recommended that a matrix approach is followed when providing legal protection to climate change displaced persons. Because different fields of law provide more prominent protection in different spheres of governance, it is also recommended that the configuration of a legal protection matrix be adjustable to particular circumstances. It is therefore suggested that a legal protection mechanism is developed for each geopolitical sphere, and that different mechanisms are coordinated internationally.LLM (Environmental Law and Governance), North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2014
Books on the topic "Environmentally Displaced Person"
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Institute for Social and Economic Change, ed. Reflecting on the role of institutions in the everyday lives of displaced women: The case of Ganga-erosion in Malda, West Bengal. Bangalore: Institute for Social and Economic Change, 2014.
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Out of this earth: East India Adivasis and the aluminium cartel. New Delhi: Orient BlackSwan, 2010.
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Lézine, Anne-Marie. Vegetation at the Time of the African Humid Period. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228620.013.530.
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An orbitally induced increase in summer insolation during the last glacial-interglacial transition enhanced the thermal contrast between land and sea, with land masses heating up compared to the adjacent ocean surface. In North Africa, warmer land surfaces created a low-pressure zone, driving the northward penetration of monsoonal rains originating from the Atlantic Ocean. As a consequence, regions today among the driest of the world were covered by permanent and deep freshwater lakes, some of them being exceptionally large, such as the “Mega” Lake Chad, which covered some 400 000 square kilometers. A dense network of rivers developed.What were the consequences of this climate change on plant distribution and biodiversity? Pollen grains that accumulated over time in lake sediments are useful tools to reconstruct past vegetation assemblages since they are extremely resistant to decay and are produced in great quantities. In addition, their morphological character allows the determination of most plant families and genera.In response to the postglacial humidity increase, tropical taxa that survived as strongly reduced populations during the last glacial period spread widely, shifting latitudes or elevations, expanding population size, or both. In the Saharan desert, pollen of tropical trees (e.g., Celtis) were found in sites located at up to 25°N in southern Libya. In the Equatorial mountains, trees (e.g., Olea and Podocarpus) migrated to higher elevations to form the present-day Afro-montane forests. Patterns of migration were individualistic, with the entire range of some taxa displaced to higher latitudes or shifted from one elevation belt to another. New combinations of climate/environmental conditions allowed the cooccurrences of taxa growing today in separate regions. Such migrational processes and species-overlapping ranges led to a tremendous increase in biodiversity, particularly in the Saharan desert, where more humid-adapted taxa expanded along water courses, lakes, and wetlands, whereas xerophytic populations persisted in drier areas.At the end of the Holocene era, some 2,500 to 4,500 years ago, the majority of sites in tropical Africa recorded a shift to drier conditions, with many lakes and wetlands drying out. The vegetation response to this shift was the overall disruption of the forests and the wide expansion of open landscapes (wooded grasslands, grasslands, and steppes). This environmental crisis created favorable conditions for further plant exploitation and cereal cultivation in the Congo Basin.
Book chapters on the topic "Environmentally Displaced Person"
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Hantscher, Sinja. "The UNHCR and Environmentally Displaced Persons." In The UNHCR and Disaster Displacement in the 21st Century, 119–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19689-9_5.
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Hantscher, Sinja. "Environmental Changes and the Competing Perspectives on Environmentally Displaced Persons." In The UNHCR and Disaster Displacement in the 21st Century, 33–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19689-9_2.
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Thadaniti, Suwattana, Kanokphan U-Sha, Bart Lambregts, Jaturapat Bhiromkaew, Saowanee Wijitkosum, Vollop Prombang, and Suchaow Toommakorn. "Displaced Persons’ Temporary Settlement Along the Thai–Myanmar Border: State of Affairs from an Environmental Perspective." In The Impact of Displaced People’s Temporary Shelters on their Surrounding Environment, 25–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-02842-2_3.
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Attoh, Franca Chitoh. "Internally Displaced Persons and Emergency Management in Nigeria." In Handbook of Research on Environmental Policies for Emergency Management and Public Safety, 105–21. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3194-4.ch006.
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Internally displaced persons (IDPs) are men, women, and children who are uprooted from their ancestral homes as victims of natural disaster or manmade occurrences for reasons often beyond their control and comprehension. The Boko-Haram insurgency in the North-East of Nigeria has caused over two million Nigerians to be internally displaced. The crisis has created management problems for the National Emergency Management Agency (NEMA) due to paucity of funds. Secondary data and human needs theory were used for the analysis. The incessant use of improvised electronic devices has created a security lacuna in the IDPs camps, which have become targets for terrorists. The concomitant is confidence deficit between the IDPs and NEMA resulting in accusations of neglect and corruption. The chapter concludes that the failure to manage IDPs is tantamount to human rights abuse and security lapse.
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"Environmentally-Displaced Persons as Beneficiaries of International Protection under Refugee Law?" In The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective, 293–357. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004317420_008.
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"Can (and Should) States be Held Responsible for Environmental Displacement?" In The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective, 489–504. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004317420_013.
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"A Sui Generis Framework to Address Environmental Displacement and Migration." In The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective, 505–70. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004317420_014.
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"The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees’ discourse on environmentally displaced persons: a double-edged sword?" In Organizational Perspectives on Environmental Migration, 111–25. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315674803-15.
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"Preliminary Remark: Member States’ Obligations under International Human Rights Law are Unaltered by eu Membership." In The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective, 23–32. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004317420_003.
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"European Union Law Relevant to Asylum." In The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective, 33–181. Brill | Nijhoff, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004317420_004.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Environmentally Displaced Person"
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Ajibade, Oluwatoyin Opeyemi, Kiran Tota-Maharaj, and Brian Clarke. "A Simplified Guide to Surface Water Drainage Systems for Refugee Camps and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) Temporary Settlements." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2017. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784480595.048.
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Fyffe, John R., Aaron K. Townsend, and Michael E. Webber. "Methodology for Comparing End-of-Life Pathways for Non-Recycled Materials." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64131.
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Recycling plastics is widely accepted as the most beneficial end use of plastic products. Consequently, many cities are turning towards single-stream recycling to make it easier for consumers to recycle and to increase the total amount of municipal solid waste (in particular, energy-dense plastic waste) that is diverted to recycling facilities. However, single-stream recycling Materials Recovery Facilities (MRFs) are now faced with sorting more diverse material flows with increased contamination from the mixing of recyclable and non-recyclable materials, leading to roughly 5–10% of the incoming material being sent to landfills. Converting the energy dense MRF waste material into solid recovery fuel (SRF) pellets creates an additional use for the products, diverts the material from the landfill, and displaces some fossil fuel use. However, there are some non-obvious energetic and environmental tradeoffs that require analysis to quantify. That is the intent of the research presented here. To analyze the potential of SRFs as viable alternative fuel sources, a first-order thermodynamic materials and energy balance was constructed using cement kilns as a test-bed. The proposed methodology allows for a range of traditional fuels to be compared with and without supplemental SRF. The SRF case can be benchmarked against the reference case, or conventional plastic end-of-life pathway, landfilling of the non-recycled plastic. The comparison includes transportation and processing steps required for each pathway, including any additional sorting needed for creating the SRF as well as the pelletization process itself. A robust methodology was created that allows for the MRF residue to be adjusted on a compositional basis because residue composition varies by season and location, which affects the analysis. Additionally, proximity to SRF conversion facilities and cement kilns will vary for each MRF and can impact the analysis so the methodology allows these factors to be adjusted. A test case was studied to compare the landfilling or combustion of MRF residue in a cement kiln at a rate of 0.9 metric tons per hour (7884 metric tons for a one year period). The analysis details the total energy consumed, landfill avoidance, amount of fuel displaced, and the total equivalent CO2 emissions of each scenario. The methodology successfully models the reference and SRF case and is robust enough to be used with a wide variety of potential SRF scenarios. A few parametric studies were performed on the transportation and landfill variables to determine their relative effect on results. It was found that additional transportation would have minimal effect of total energy consumption. When using SRF as a supplementary cement kiln fuel, the equivalent CO2 reductions are higher in scenarios with low methane capture efficiency at the landfill. Overall, it was found that using SRF as a supplementary fuel at cement kilns reduces the total fossil energy consumption and total equivalent CO2 reductions by 6% and 76%, respectively.