Journal articles: 'Environmentally Displaced Person'

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Mileski, Toni, and Marina Malish-Sazdovska. "Environmentally Displaced Persons." Environmental Policy and Law 48, no. 2 (July 16, 2018): 133–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/epl-180064.

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Wang, Bingran. "Future resettlement of environmentally displaced persons." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 692, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 032016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/692/3/032016.

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Souza, Maria Cláudia Da Silva Antunes de, and Lucas De Melo Prado. "The Statute of Refugees: Is it Applicable to Environmentally Displaced Persons?" UNIO – EU Law Journal 1 (July 1, 2015): 131–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21814/unio.1.10.

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The increasingly frequent occurrence of environmental disasters and natural resource degradation jeopardize the quality of life of humankind and, in some cases, prevents people from remaining in their places of origin. The backdrop of this article is the increasing concern in regards to people forced to abandon their homes, due to environmental changes that render the place they live inhospitable for human survival. The article has the objective to verify if and under which circumstances the global system of refugee protection is applied to environmentally displaced persons, filling in the lack of rules regulating their situation and ensuring their Fundamental Rights. Accordingly, it is necessary to build a specific legal system for environmentally displaced persons that guarantees people in that condition an effective protection.

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Ding, Guorong, Wenbo Wang, and Yang Shen. "Research on Cultural Protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 585 (November 4, 2020): 012093. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/585/1/012093.

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Muraspahić, Muamer, Isaja Kastrat, Semsudin Plojović, Mirsad Imamovic, Sonja Ketin, and Rade Biocanin. "Effect of Sanitary-Environmental Conditions of Diabetic Hypertension Incidence in Displaced Persons." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 5, no. 1 (January 28, 2017): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2017.008.

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BACKGROUND: The abnormal conditions of life and genetic factors often play a major role in the incidence of "diabetes - diabetes", heart disease and vascular disease, jaundice and posttraumatic stress.AIM: Trauma and posttraumatic stress are most common in the displaced persons, and the focus of this paper is to focus on this issue regarding cases in former Yugoslavia, and now in our country. These diseases are caused by increased beta-cell sensitivity to viruses, the development of autoimmune antibodies attacking their pancreas cells, degenerative changes in cells that result in the change of structure and of insulin production.MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this paper, we have taken into account the traumatic events and long-term psychosocial consequences for internally displaced persons, several years after displacement, and found a high level of PTSD symptoms.RESULTS: This stress is present in almost 1/3 of internally displaced persons, and every sixth person has suffered from PTSD in the past. Respondents suffer from symptoms of intrusion, but there was a large number of symptoms, such as avoidance and increased arousal. We also found that gender, age and education are related to the symptoms.CONCLUSION: Females, and older respondents and internally displaced persons with lower levels of education show a higher level of PTSD symptoms.

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Westing, Arthur H. "Environmental Refugees: A Growing Category of Displaced Persons." Environmental Conservation 19, no. 3 (1992): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s037689290003099x.

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Examined here is the problem of persons compelled to flee from their areas of habitual residence. The number of such displaced persons (refugees), both nationally internal and cross-border, already in the many millions, nonetheless keeps increasing by perhaps 3 millions per year. Many of the uprooted continue to flee owing to persecution, oppression, or war. However, these triggering events appear not to have been worsening markedly in recent years. Other, more strictly environmental, refugees flee from such natural disasters as flooding, drought, and volcanic action, although these triggering events have also not been increasing in frequency or severity.It is thus suggested here that the continuing increases in refugees result from transgressions of the carrying capacity — that is, of unsustainable increases in human (and associated livestock) numbers, often associated with site deterioration or actual habitat degradation. Such displaced persons have been referred to as ‘environmental refugees’. It is clear that in the long term the poignant dilemma of the ever-increasing numbers of refugees can be addressed only in terms of achieving environmental security within a framework of comprehensive human security.

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Prieur, Michel, Jean-Pierre Marguénaud, Gérard Monediaire, Julien Betaille, Bernard Drobenko, Jean-Jacques Gouguet, Jean-Marc Lavieille, et al. "Draft convention on the international status of environmentally- displaced persons." Revue Européenne de Droit de l'Environnement 12, no. 4 (2008): 395–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/reden.2008.2058.

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Myrstad, Finn, and Vikram Kolmannskog. "Environmental Displacement in European Asylum Law." European Journal of Migration and Law 11, no. 4 (2009): 313–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181609789804321.

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AbstractEnvironmentally displaced persons can be included in several existing categories of protected persons under international law, but there may be a normative protection gap for many of those who cross an international border. This article looks at protection possibilities within the EU framework and national European legislations. Environmental displacement can arguably trigger temporary protection according to the EU Temporary Protection Directive. There may also be environmentally displaced persons who require longer-term or permanent protection. Drawing on the EU Qualification Directive and case-law from the European Court of Human Rights, one can argue that subsidiary protection should be granted in certain cases of extreme natural disaster or degradation. In less extreme cases, humanitarian asylum could be granted. Human rights principles such as non-refoulement could also be used to extend at least basic protection. In addition, legal labour migration could supply a work force, assist distressed countries and enhance protection of the individual. A strategy to meet the challenge of environmental displacement must also include climate change mitigation and external measures such as adaptation. Most of the displaced persons in the world today and in the near future do not arrive at the EU borders.

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박태현. "A Study of a Way for protecting Environmentally-Displaced Persons in International Law." Journal of hongik law review 11, no. 3 (October 2010): 429–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.16960/jhlr.11.3.201010.429.

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Burton, Ann, and Franklin John-Leader. "Are we reaching refugees and internally displaced persons?" Bulletin of the World Health Organization 87, no. 8 (August 1, 2009): 638–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.08.060806.

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Bradley, Megan, and Roberta Cohen. "Disasters and Displacement: Gaps in Protection." Journal of International Humanitarian Legal Studies 1, no. 1 (2010): 95–142. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187815210x12766020139884.

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AbstractNatural disasters, particularly those related to climate change, are fast becoming a leading cause of forced displacement although conceptual, normative and institutional frameworks to provide human rights protection to the environmentally displaced are not yet in place. This article discusses the human rights and protection dimensions of disaster-induced displacement, identifies the major challenges to protecting disaster victims, and proposes ways forward. The authors argue that while most environmentally displaced persons are expected to remain within their own countries, there is a lack of clarity about the status and protection needs of those uprooted by environmental degradation and other 'slow-onset' disasters as opposed to those displaced by 'sudden-onset' disasters. By far the biggest protection gap exists for those who cross borders. These individuals do not generally qualify as refugees under the 1951 Refugee Convention, there is no normative framework to address their specific needs and vulnerabilities and States have not been willing to commit to more than temporary protection on an ad hoc basis. The need is now critical for new approaches to be developed for the environmentally displaced, including expanded normative and institutional frameworks, comprehensive national policies, national and international monitoring, rights training, and more effective ways of dealing with governments that fail to protect their populations.

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Fauziah, Anisa. "[BOOK REVIEW] The International Legal Status and Protection of Environmentally-Displaced Persons: A European Perspective." PADJADJARAN Jurnal Ilmu Hukum (Journal of Law) 5, no. 3 (January 19, 2019): 600–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.22304/pjih.v5n3.a11.

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Saba, Nadia. "The protection of environmentally displaced persons and their right to a healthy and sustainable environment." International Journal of Private Law 2, no. 1 (2009): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijpl.2009.021514.

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O’Connor, Sofia, Carl Bruch, and Miko Maekawa. "Legal and Practical Measures for Environmental Migrants." Journal of Disaster Research 14, no. 9 (December 1, 2019): 1254–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2019.p1254.

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Recent years have seen dramatic growth in people migrating due to environmental shocks and changes. Many of these shocks and changes are climate-related. Environmental migration can occur due to sudden-onset events, such as hurricanes, floods, and heatwaves and slow-onset events, such as coastal erosion, sea level rise, and droughts. Migrants may move to temporary or permanent new housing, either locally or abroad, depending on the options available to them. They may return; many do not. Currently, there are few legal mechanisms that allow environmentally displaced persons to move or stay in new safe locations. Moreover, social and economic support that would allow them to adapt to their new surroundings is similarly scarce. As climatic events displace an increasing number of people, the search for legal mechanisms to protect and support environmental migrants has intensified, as has the search for complementary tools that ease the migrants’ transition in their countries of destination. While there is no international agreement that protects environmental migrants, there are legal tools and practical policy measures that countries can take on their own or in collaboration with others to alleviate struggles of environmental migrants. This article reviews a number of the available legal and policy measures. It starts with a brief review of the dynamics and scope of environmental migration. It then surveys legal options for managing environmental migrants, considering both the prospects for a comprehensive legal approach and the options for a toolbox approach. The article then turns to policy approaches for supporting livelihoods of environmental migrants, before taking a broad view of policy options.

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O'Donnell, C. A. "Children, housing, and health: from Glasgow slums to displaced persons." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 58, no. 9 (September 1, 2004): 778. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2004.023192.

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Johnson, Timothy P. "Alcohol and Drug Use among Displaced Persons: An Overview." Substance Use & Misuse 31, no. 13 (January 1996): 1853–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10826089609064003.

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Xie, Rui, Wen-Bo Li, Meng-Chun Lin, Di Lu, and Jia-Ming Zhu. "Research on the Human Rights and Cultural Protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons under Rising Sea Levels." Complexity 2021 (January 26, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6627637.

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In recent years, due to factors such as rising sea levels, several island nations such as Maldives, Tuvalu, Kiribati, and the Marshall Islands are in danger of disappearing completely. When the land of an island country disappeared, the human rights protection of Environmentally Displaced Persons in the migration process and the possible loss of their unique culture, language, and lifestyle have aroused great concern. We call such Environmentally Displaced Persons as EDPs. This study selects the EDPs’ data of 241 countries or regions from 2008 to 2018, establishes an ARIMA model, and predicts the future population of EDPs. By combining the influencing factors of cultural loss, the risk assessment model of cultural loss is established to evaluate the possibility of cultural loss during the migration process of EDPs. We have established a Bayesian Network and a Fault Tree Model to demonstrate the improvement brought about by the implementation of policy recommendations from both qualitative and quantitative perspectives and use the method of fault tree analysis to illustrate the importance of policies from the degree of probability reduction after policy changes. Finally, based on the above model establishment and data analysis, corresponding countermeasures are proposed to protect EDPs’ human rights from being violated and their culture will not be lost.

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Dash, Kartik C., and Kishor C. Samal. "New mega projects in Orissa: Protests by potential displaced persons." Social Change 38, no. 4 (December 2008): 627–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004908570803800404.

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Ahmed, Athraa Essa, and Azeez Mohammed Ali Azeez. "Epidemiology Character of Tuberculosis among Internally Displaced Persons in Tikrit City." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 3 (2019): 377. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.00522.9.

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Chan, Grace J., Kristin B. Parco, Melva E. Sihombing, Susan P. Tredwell, and Edward J. O'Rourke. "Improving health services to displaced persons in Aceh, Indonesia: a balanced scorecard." Bulletin of the World Health Organization 88, no. 9 (September 1, 2010): 709–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2471/blt.09.064618.

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Martin, Susan. "Forced Migration, the Refugee Regime and the Responsibility to Protect." Global Responsibility to Protect 2, no. 1 (2010): 38–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187598410x12602515137338.

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AbstractForced migration has many causes and takes many forms. People leave because of persecution, human rights violations, repression, conflict, natural and human-made disasters, and environmental hazards. Through most of the 20th century, international protection was focused—if at all—on persons who had crossed international borders in seek of refuge from war and persecution. This article asks if the responsibility to protect concept—applied heretofore to persons displaced by conflict and repression—could usefully provide a framework for determining who among the broader category of forced migrants should be of concern to the international community. It sets out criteria under which the refugee regime would appropriately be the mechanism through which the international community would respond to these new displacements. I argue that the UN High Commissioner for Refugees has evolved to protect persons whose own governments cannot or will not provide such protection. Other UN and international agencies, such as the International Organization for Migration, have a demonstrated capacity to provide assistance to persons displaced by natural disasters and environmental hazards, but only UNHCR has a history of providing protection to displaced populations.To the extent that States are unwilling to protect their own citizens who are displaced from these causes, the refugee regime would legitimately have a role to play in advocating for and, when possible, assisting and protecting these forced migrants.

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Bubniak, S. M., and N. V. Kovalisko. "SOCIAL WELL-BEING OF INTERNALLY DISPLACED PERSONS IN UKRAINE: THE EMPIRICAL DIMENSION." Habitus 1, no. 24 (2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32843/2663-5208.2021.24.1.8.

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Handayani, Irawati, and Anisa Fauziah. "ENVIRONMENTAL-INDUCED DISPLACEMENT: POTENTIAL PROTECTION UNDER INTERNATIONAL LAW?" Yustisia Jurnal Hukum 9, no. 2 (October 4, 2020): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/yustisia.v9i2.43507.

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<em>Climate change, environmental degradation, and natural disasters are some of the push factors of cross-border displacement. The consequence of this movement is the loss of legal protection from the country of origin of the displaced persons. They are not categorized as refugees as such and no international law specifically regulates the protection of climate displaced persons. This paper will try to analyze the legal protection of climate refugees based on international law. The paper elaborates the context of migration caused by climate change and its relevance with the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee, possibility of interpretation of the convention to cover environmental induced displacement and protection under international human rights instruments. The research concludes that it is quite difficult to include climate change-induced displacement under the 1951 Convention on the Status of Refugee even through interpretation. However, it does not mean that the people cannot be protected. International law, especially International Human Rights Law extends protection to peoples belongs to that group.</em>

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Haushofer, Lisa. "The “Contaminating Agent” UNRRA, Displaced Persons, and Venereal Disease in Germany, 1945–1947." American Journal of Public Health 100, no. 6 (June 2010): 993–1003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2008.153098.

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Miller, Ken. "Forced Migration and Mental Health: Rethinking the Care of Refugees and Displaced Persons." Global Public Health 3, no. 4 (October 2008): 451–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17441690701535998.

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Sahoo, Madhulika, and Jalandhar Pradhan. "Sustainable development goals and reproductive healthcare rights of internally displaced persons in India." International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare 12, no. 1 (March 11, 2019): 38–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijhrh-12-2017-0074.

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Purpose The internally displaced persons (IDPs) are often overlooked population, falling between the cracks of international and national commitments. Displaced women and children go through more hardship than the male counterpart, as they are frequently at greater risk and do not get adequate access to the reproductive healthcare rights; they suffer from poor health amid threats of eviction. The purpose of this paper is to look into the IDPs reproductive healthcare situation in India and sustainable development goal (SDG) role in addressing the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper is based on the available literature on reproductive rights of IDPs in India, analysis of the SDGs 3 and other legal safeguards. Findings The newly arrived IDPs in the camps have complex needs and health problems. They are susceptible to a number of health problems due to the exposure to physical and environmental threats, violence and trauma. Many of them face a loss of social networks and assets, knowledge and information in the new environment, and lack food security. They have inadequate shelter, healthcare services, sanitation and access to safe water. Research limitations/implications This is a viewpoint paper and most of the information in this paper are taken from different sources which are cited in the reference section. There is a lack of sufficient data on IDPs in India. Most of the IDPs figures/data are quoted from Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre and other literature. Practical implications To achieve the SDGs by 2030, India needs to take account of all people’s vulnerabilities to address their humanitarian and sustainable development needs. It is important that the development, humanitarian actors, along with the local communities, work collectively to respond to the health needs of the IDPs. Moreover, the active role of the government can provide the necessary assistance to guarantee the rights of IDPs health, adequate standard of living and to social security. Originality/value This paper highlights the reproductive healthcare rights of the IDPs in India and the challenges faced by them. It has analyzed the policy gaps. The paper also suggests few measures that can be undertaken to address those challenges under the SDGs.

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Roberts, B., K. F. Ocaka, J. Browne, T. Oyok, and E. Sondorp. "Factors associated with the health status of internally displaced persons in northern Uganda." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 63, no. 3 (March 1, 2009): 227–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.2008.076356.

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Behnke, Nikki, Ryan Cronk, Marielle Snel, Michelle Moffa, Raymond Tu, Brandie Banner, Caroline Folz, et al. "Improving environmental conditions for involuntarily displaced populations: water, sanitation, and hygiene in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and IDP settlements." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 8, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 785–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2018.019.

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Abstract Access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WaSH) services for involuntarily displaced populations is an important component of Sustainable Development Goal 6: achieving universal and equitable access to basic WaSH services by 2030. To date, households have been the main priority in the WaSH sector, and other settings have received less attention. Ensuring that involuntarily displaced persons have adequate WaSH and environmental health services is of critical importance for human rights and development outcomes. The Water Institute at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill and World Vision organized a side event at the 2017 UNC Water and Health conference to discuss obstacles and opportunities related to improving environmental conditions in orphanages, prisons, and refugee and Internally Displaced Persons (IDP) settlements. Participants discussed the characteristics of each setting in breakout discussion groups, and then came together to discuss the similarities and differences between the three settings. Our goal was to allow common themes and lessons to emerge and to develop recommendations and shape future research. This side event provided an opportunity for participants from different professional backgrounds to share their experiences working with involuntarily displaced populations and discuss ways forward.

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Kamta, Frederic Noel, Janpeter Schilling, and Jürgen Scheffran. "Insecurity, Resource Scarcity, and Migration to Camps of Internally Displaced Persons in Northeast Nigeria." Sustainability 12, no. 17 (August 23, 2020): 6830. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12176830.

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For almost two decades, the Lake Chad Basin (LCB) in general and northeast Nigeria in particular have been subject to the insurgency of the Islamist terrorist group Boko Haram. This region is also known for its poor environmental conditions that mostly manifest in land desertification and water scarcity. We analyze the impact of the insecurity and conflict on migration from the most affected rural areas of northeast Nigeria to Maiduguri. We also explore the role that water scarcity and land desertification play in the decision of local people to migrate. Data were collected by interviewing 204 internally displaced persons (IDPs) at the Bakassi IDP camp in Maiduguri between March and May 2019. Experts were also interviewed at various governmental, non-governmental, and international institutions in Abuja. Respondents at the Bakassi IDP camp came from Guzamala, Gwoza, Marte, Monguno, and Nganzai. Though insecurity created by the conflict between Boko Haram insurgents and government forces was mentioned by all respondents as the main factor that triggered migration, this study shows that the decision to migrate was also a function of other factors that differ between communities. These factors include the geographical location of the community, land ownership, the socioeconomic status of the migrants, access to water and land, and wealth. This study reveals that in some communities, it was possible for people to live with conflict if they were still able to practice farming or if they had additional sources of income such as small businesses. The decision to migrate was only taken when the practice of such activities was no longer possible and they had nothing to hold on to.

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GEORGAKOPOULOU, T., G. MANDILARA, K. MELLOU, K. TRYFINOPOULOU, A. CHRISOSTOMOU, H. LILLAKOU, C. HADJICHRISTODOULOU, and A. VATOPOULOS. "Resistant Shigella strains in refugees, August–October 2015, Greece." Epidemiology and Infection 144, no. 11 (May 16, 2016): 2415–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095026881600100x.

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SUMMARYShigellosis is endemic in most developing countries and thus a known risk in refugees and internally displaced persons. In 2015, a massive influx of refugees into Greece, due to the political crisis in the Middle East, led to the development of appropriate conditions for outbreaks of communicable diseases as shigellosis. We present a cluster of 16 shigellosis cases in refugees, detected by the implementation of a syndromic notification system in one transit centre in Athens, between 20 August and 7 October 2015. Both Shigella flexneri (n = 8) and S. sonnei (n = 8) were identified, distributed in various serotypes. All tested isolates (n = 13) were multidrug resistant; seven were CTX-M-type extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers. Our results indicate lack of a potential common source, although pulsed-field gel electrophoresis typing results revealed small clusters in isolates of the same serotype indicating possible limited person-to-person transmission without identifying secondary community cases related to the refugees. To prevent the spread of shigellosis, empirical antibiotic treatment as well as environmental hygiene measures were implemented. The detection of multi-drug resistance is important for determining the appropriate empirical antibiotic treatment for the more severe cases, while at the same time real-time typing is useful for epidemiological investigation and control measures.

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Fujibayashi, Hirotaka, and Mikiyasu Nakayama. "An Option to Avoid the Sudden Mass Influx of Migrants Resulting From Worldwide Environmental Threats." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 6 (May 4, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i6.2397.

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This study attempts to explore useful and practical measures to mitigate the anticipated impacts on host communities caused by the mass influx of migrants resulting from worldwide environmental threats. Concern for worldwide environmental threats such as climate change, deforestation, and sea -level are on the rise, meaning that many people from all over the world may become environmentally displaced persons (EDPs). Unless we take some corrective measures, the world could face grave difficulties resulting from massive displacement of EDPs in the near future. Human migrations generally occur for a variety of reasons and under different circumstances, and they potentially have strong effects on host communities. When massive numbers of migrants flow into one country all at once, worries about severe conflicts between migrants and residents in the host community emerge. Against those concerns, we propose an option that avoids the sudden mass influx of migrants resulting from environmental threats and; resettling them instead as economic migrants in a manageable fashion. This option seems preferable both for migrants and for the host community, rather than tackling a mass migration that would occur after the slow-onset effect of environmental threats.

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Bal, Sila, Anne Duckles, and Alison Buttenheim. "Visual Health and Visual Healthcare Access in Refugees and Displaced Persons: A Systematic Review." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 21, no. 1 (June 2, 2018): 161–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-018-0766-x.

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Kranz, Olaf, Anke Sachs, and Stefan Lang. "Assessment of environmental changes induced by internally displaced person (IDP) camps in the Darfur region, Sudan, based on multitemporal MODIS data." International Journal of Remote Sensing 36, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 190–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01431161.2014.999386.

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Tekeli-Yesil, Sidika, Esra Isik, Yesim Unal, Fuad Aljomaa Almossa, Hande Konsuk Unlu, and Ahmet Tamer Aker. "Determinants of Mental Disorders in Syrian Refugees in Turkey Versus Internally Displaced Persons in Syria." American Journal of Public Health 108, no. 7 (July 2018): 938–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2105/ajph.2018.304405.

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Huynh, Benjamin Q., and Sanjay Basu. "Forecasting Internally Displaced Population Migration Patterns in Syria and Yemen." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 14, no. 3 (August 27, 2019): 302–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.73.

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ABSTRACTObjectives:Armed conflict has contributed to an unprecedented number of internally displaced persons (IDPs), individuals who are forced out of their homes but remain within their country. IDPs often urgently require shelter, food, and healthcare, yet prediction of when IDPs will migrate to an area remains a major challenge for aid delivery organizations. We sought to develop an IDP migration forecasting framework that could empower humanitarian aid groups to more effectively allocate resources during conflicts.Methods:We modeled monthly IDP migration between provinces within Syria and within Yemen using data on food prices, fuel prices, wages, location, time, and conflict reports. We compared machine learning methods with baseline persistence methods of forecasting.Results:We found a machine learning approach that more accurately forecast migration trends than baseline persistence methods. A random forest model outperformed the best persistence model in terms of root mean square error of log migration by 26% and 17% for the Syria and Yemen datasets, respectively.Conclusions:Integrating diverse data sources into a machine learning model appears to improve IDP migration prediction. Further work should examine whether implementation of such models can enable proactive aid allocation for IDPs in anticipation of forecast arrivals.

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Tan, Ellyana, Ruslan Rahim, Mastura M. Jarit, Md Nagib Padil, Ezal Daud, M. Razif M. Rathi, and Zaidi Wasli. "Phototherapy and Mental Health Stability for Displaced Persons: A Case Study of Myanmar Refugees in Malaysia." Indian Journal of Public Health Research & Development 10, no. 11 (2019): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0976-5506.2019.03950.0.

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Tenuche Marietu, Ohunene, Fatima Liberty, and Olayemi Ifatimehin. "Terrorism and State's Provisions of the Healthcare Needs of Internally Displaced Persons in Borno State." African Journal of Terrorism and Insurgency Research 2, no. 1 (April 15, 2021): 49–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31920/2732-5008/2021/v2n1a3.

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Taha, Perjan Hashim, and Marit Sijbrandij. "Gender Differences in Traumatic Experiences, PTSD, and Relevant Symptoms among the Iraqi Internally Displaced Persons." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 16, 2021): 9779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189779.

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Conflict in Iraq has led to a large number of internally displaced Iraqis, with a great impact on their mental health. A few previous studies investigated the gender differences of mental disorders in Iraqi internally displaced persons (IDPs). The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among Iraqi IDPs after the 2014 terrorist attacks in terms of types of traumatic experiences, prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and other symptoms of common mental disorders (depression, anxiety, and somatization symptoms). A cross-sectional survey was conducted in April–June 2015 among 358 female and 464 male adult IDPs living in IDP camps in Duhok, Iraq. The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ), General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-28), and Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20) were applied by local interviewers. Comparison of scores of these measures between the two genders was performed using independent sample t-tests. Logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify predictors for PTSD. Although the types of traumatic events experienced by female and male IDPs were nearly similar, males reported higher exposure to combat situation, torture, oppressions, and destruction of personal properties (t = 3.718 and 4.758, respectively, p < 0.001). Overall, males experienced more events than females (p < 0.001). The probable PTSD prevalence rates (29.1% among females and 31.9% among males) did not differ significantly (p = 0.212). Female IDPs reported more somatic (p < 0.001) and depressive/anxious (p < 0.001) symptoms than males. The demographic factors and duration of camp stay were not associated significantly with PTSD diagnosis. Probable PTSD rates among male and female IDPs in Iraq are substantial. Although no gender differences were found in probable PTSD rates between female and male Iraqi IDPs, the mean score of common mental disorders cases was higher among females and they presented with higher levels of somatic and depressive/anxious symptoms. Further studies are needed to clarify the underlying mechanisms contributing to gender differences in PTSD.

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Guha, Ramachandra. "How Much Should a Person Consume?" Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 28, no. 2 (April 2003): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920030201.

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Galbraith termed contemporary America as the ‘Affluent Society’ in which the single-minded pursuit of wealth led to the massive exploitation of resources and materials through the years. Contemporary India reflects the Western ethos while aggressively channelizing the natural resources of the countryside to meet the needs of the urban-industrial sector. From this biased resource-use arises the grave inequalities of consumption within the nation. This paper addresses the dynamics of consumption in the backdrop of the global socio-ecological movement with special reference to the Indian context. It captures the asymmetries in the patterns of consumption in an analytical framework. Based on the culture and styles of consumption, the Indian population can be divided into three classes: omnivores, ecosystem people and ecological refugees. Omnivores have the capability to draw upon the natural resources of the whole of India to maintain their lifestyles. Ecosystem people, rely on resources in their vicinity. Ecological refugees are those ecosystem people who have been displaced from their homes and live in slums. It is argued that the process of development in independent India is characterized by a basic asymmetry between the omnivores and the ecosystem people. While omnivores consume too much, ecosystem people may be consuming much too little. Some of the consequences of this process are: Concentration of decision making in the hands of omnivores. Use of state machinery for diverting natural resources for omnivore prosperity, e.g., through subsidies. Indifference of omnivores to environmental degradation caused by them and passing on their costs to society. Protests by the victims of development. Creation of ‘ecological refugees’ as a result of permanent displacement of ecosystem people. Three key ways to enhance the social power of ecological refugees and ecosystem people are: land reforms, literacy, and health care. These reforms would simultaneously force omnivores to internalize the costs of their profligate behaviour. A retreat of the rich from overconsumption is the necessary first step towards improving the lives of an increasing number of people. One solution for the inequality in fuel consumption comes from the Spanish economist, Juan Martinez-Alier, who suggests taxation of oil consumption in rich countries while subsidizing LPG or kerosene in poor countries. Thus, to allow the poor to ascend just one step up the hierarchies of resource consumption, what is required is a very moderate sacrifice by the rich. It echoes Gandhi's thoughts on environmental ethics: “World has enough for everybody's need, but not enough for everybody's greed.”

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Bode, Ingvild. "Francis Deng and the Concern for Internally Displaced Persons: Intellectual Leadership in the United Nations." Global Governance: A Review of Multilateralism and International Organizations 20, no. 2 (August 19, 2014): 277–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/19426720-02002007.

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Rauf, A., M. S. Nadeem, A. Ali, M. Iqbal, M. Mustafa, M. Muzammal Latif, M. Z. Latif, N. Ahmed, and A. R. Shakoori. "Prevalence of hepatitis B and C in internally displaced persons of war against terrorism in Swat, Pakistan." European Journal of Public Health 21, no. 5 (July 3, 2010): 638–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckq084.

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Posmitna, Veronyka. "Current causes of migration in Ukraine: legal analysis." Legal Ukraine, no. 6 (July 17, 2020): 31–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.37749/2308-9636-2020-6(210)-4.

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The article examines recent migration processes in Ukraine. The positive and negative aspects of migration are considered as phenomena. Various approaches of researchers to the identification and classification of the causes of migration are analyzed. Modern causes of labor, political, ethnic, environmental and educational (student) migration have been investigated. It was found that Ukraine is characterized not only by external but also internal labor migration, but its scale is not as significant as in other countries. The causes of political and ethnic migration include: restriction or prohibition of freedom of speech, persecution for political beliefs, interethnic intolerance and conflicts at the national level. The causes of ecological migration include: natural disasters, natural and man-made disasters, in particular: floods, earthquakes, fires, volcanic eruptions, typhoons. The reasons for educational (student) migration are the acquisition by young people of new knowledge, experience in improving opportunities in the globalized labor market, the desire to stay in the country of study. The ways to combat the negative effects of migration, in particular those that complicate the integration of internally displaced persons into the local community, have been identified; state initiatives aimed at returning migrant workers to Ukraine and their economic and social support (state program «Return and stay», state credit program «Available loans 5—7—9%») socialization and rehabilitation of internally displaced persons (Strategy for integration of internally displaced persons for the period up to 2020). It is noted that the coronavirus pandemic has caused the cessation of migration processes almost all over the world, but this is a temporary phenomenon that has not affected the reasons for leaving and becoming migrants. Key words: migration, causes of migration, forced migrants, voluntary migrants, internally displaced persons.

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Aluh, Deborah Oyine, Roland Nnaemeka Okoro, and Adamu Zimboh. "The prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder among internally displaced persons in Maiduguri, Nigeria." Journal of Public Mental Health 19, no. 2 (October 31, 2019): 159–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jpmh-07-2019-0071.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to assess the prevalence of depression and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) among internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Maiduguri. Design/methodology/approach The study was a cross-sectional study that took place among the six IDP camps located in Maiduguri metropolis in Borno State. A non-randomized technique was used to sample 1,200 respondents. Face-to-face interviews with selected members of households were carried out confidentially. The study used the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) and Impact of Event Scale-6 which were translated to Kanuri. Descriptive and inferential statistics were employed using SPSS version 21. Findings The response rate was 100 percent. In total, 96.1 percent (1,153) of the respondents were depressed, while 78 percent (936) of the respondents were symptomatic for PTSD. The prevalence rate of comorbid PTSD with depression was 68.1 percent (817). About one-third of the respondents had moderately severe depression (29.6 percent, n=355) while about one in ten of them were severely depressed (11.3 percent, n=136). The odds of being depressed was 3.308 higher in people aged 51–60 years compared to people between 18 and 20 years. Significant predictors of depression in the sampled population were screening positive for PTSD and being unemployed. Practical implications The high prevalence of depression and PTSD among the sampled population calls for structured interventions to deal with mental health problems. The study findings suggest the need for more research (preferably qualitative) on the mental health issues in this population. Originality/value This study contributes to the sparse available literature on the mental health of IDPs in Nigeria.

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Roberts, B., N. Makhashvili, J. Javakhishvili, A. Karachevskyy, N. Kharchenko, M. Shpiker, and E. Richardson. "Mental health care utilisation among internally displaced persons in Ukraine: results from a nation-wide survey." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 28, no. 1 (July 27, 2017): 100–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796017000385.

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AimsThere are an estimated 1.5 million internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Ukraine because of the armed conflict in the east of the country. The aim of this paper is to examine utilisation patterns of mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) care among IDPs in Ukraine.MethodsA cross-sectional survey design was used. Data were collected from 2203 adult IDPs throughout Ukraine between March and May 2016. Data on mental health care utilisation were collected, along with outcomes including post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression and anxiety. Descriptive and multivariate regression analyses were used.ResultsPTSD prevalence was 32%, depression prevalence was 22%, and anxiety prevalence was 17%. Among those that likely required care (screened positive with one of the three disorders, and also self-reporting a problem) there was a large treatment gap, with 74% of respondents who likely required MHPSS care over the past 12 months not receiving it. For the 26% (N = 180) that had sought care, the most common sources of services/support were pharmacies, family or district doctor/paramedic (feldsher), neurologist at a polyclinic, internist/neurologist at a general hospital, psychologists visiting communities, and non-governmental organisations/volunteer mental health/psychosocial centres. Of the 180 respondents who did seek care, 163 could recall whether they had to pay for their care. Of these 163 respondents, 72 (44%) recalled paying for the care they received despite government care officially being free in Ukraine. The average costs they paid for care was US$107 over the previous 12 months. All 180 respondents reported having to pay for medicines and the average costs for medicines was US$109 over the previous 12 months. Among the 74% had not sought care despite likely needing it; the principal reasons for not seeking care were: thought that they would get better by using their own medications, could not afford to pay for health services or medications, no awareness of where to receive help, poor understanding by health care providers, poor quality of services, and stigma/embarrassment. The findings from multivariate regression analysis show the significant influence of a poor household economic situation on not accessing care.ConclusionsThe study highlights a high burden of mental disorders and large MHPSS treatment gap among IDPs in Ukraine. The findings support the need for a scaled-up, comprehensive and trauma-informed response to provision of MHPSS care of IDPs in Ukraine alongside broader health system strengthening.

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Sanhori, Zeinat, Arne H. Eide, Touraj Ayazi, Ibrahimu Mdala, and Lars Lien. "Change in Mental Health Stigma After a Brief Intervention Among Internally Displaced Persons in Central Sudan." Community Mental Health Journal 55, no. 3 (February 15, 2019): 534–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10597-019-00375-y.

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Krakow, Carly A. "The International Law and Politics of Water Access: Experiences of Displacement, Statelessness, and Armed Conflict." Water 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2020): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12020340.

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This article analyses international law regarding the human right to water as it impacts people who are stateless, displaced, and/or residents of armed conflict zones in the contemporary Middle East. Deficiencies in international law, including humanitarian, water, human rights, and criminal law, are examined to demonstrate international law’s strengths and weaknesses for functioning as a guarantor of essential rights for vulnerable groups already facing challenges resulting from ambiguous legal statuses. What are the political factors causing lack of water access, and what international legal protections exist to protect vulnerable groups when affected by water denial? The analysis is framed by Hannah Arendt’s assertion that loss of citizenship in a sovereign state leaves people lacking “the right to have rights”, as human rights are inextricably connected to civil rights. This article demonstrates that stateless/displaced persons and armed conflict zone residents are disproportionately impacted by lack of water, yet uniquely vulnerable under international law. This paper offers unprecedented analysis of international criminal law’s role in grappling with water access restrictions. I challenge existing “water wars” arguments, instead proposing remedies for international law’s struggle to guarantee the human right to water for refugees/internally displaced persons (IDPs). Examples include Israel/Palestine, Syria, Iraq, and Yemen. A key original contribution is the application of Arendt’s theory of the totalising impacts of human rights violations to cases of water access denial, arguing that these scenarios are examples of environmental injustice that restrict vulnerable persons’ abilities to access their human rights.

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Llain Arenilla, Shirley, and Cindy Hawkins Rada. "Climate Change and Forced Migration." Migraciones internacionales 11 (January 1, 2020): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33679/rmi.v1i1.1846.

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The population of environmentally displaced people has increased recently, thus this article aims to address the challenges climate change may impose on Nation-States concerning human rights in relation to forced migration. The relationship between climate change and forced migration will be studied in order to present the problems arising from the allocation of international responsibility among States and the international protection (or the lack thereof) of “Climate Refugees” and stateless persons caused by the disappearance of Nation- States under climate change; solutions will be proposed under the existing International Human Rights Law.

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Ekezie, Winifred, Stephen Timmons, Puja Myles, Penelope Siebert, Manpreet Bains, and Catherine Pritchard. "An audit of healthcare provision in internally displaced population camps in Nigeria." Journal of Public Health 41, no. 3 (August 22, 2018): 583–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pubmed/fdy141.

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Abstract Background Armed conflict in Nigeria resulted in more than 2 million internally displaced persons (IDPs). IDPs live in poor conditions lacking basic resources with variable provision across different locations. This audit aimed to determine the health-related resources available to IDPs in camp-like settings in Nigeria and whether these met international standards. Methods Using a cross-sectional study approach, information was collected in nine camps across seven states from camp managers, and direct observation in September–October 2016. The Sphere minimum standards in humanitarian crises were used as the audit standards. Findings The 5 of 15 assessed standards were met to some extent, including the availability of water and shelter. Sanitation and vaccination were unmet in five camps, with severe overcrowding in five camps, and inadequate waste disposal in all camps. Health programme implementation was uneven, and especially poor in self-settled and dispersed settlements. Conclusion Inequality in distribution of humanitarian support was observed across different settings, which could lead to a higher likelihood of water, food and air-related diseases and thereby, a poorer quality of life for IDPs. Ensuring standardized health assessments could promote a more even distribution of resources across IDP locations.

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Westing, Arthur H. "Population, Desertification, and Migration." Environmental Conservation 21, no. 2 (1994): 110–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900024528.

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It is noted that the number of more or less permanently displaced persons throughout the world (now of the order of 1% of the total human population) continues to increase at a rate of approximately 3 millions per year; the situation in Africa is especially grave, with the number of displaced persons there (now of the order of 3% of the African population), continuing to increase at a rate of approximately 1.5 million per year. Human displacement — which can be seen to originate largely in rural areas — results primarily from one or more of three factors, namely escape from persecution, escape from military activities, or escape from inadequate means of subsistence. A number of examples from Africa are provided of the social and political consequences of human displacement, with emphasis on conflict situations at the sites of relocation.It is further noted that the numbers of displaced persons continue to grow relentlessly despite there being no discernible rise in persecution or military activities, and despite the long-sustained ameliorative efforts and financial assistance by intergovernmental agencies and others.It is accordingly suggested that the major cause of the continuing increase in the numbers of displaced persons is an ever-growing imbalance between population numbers and the human carrying capacity of the land. Population increases lead to smaller per caput natural resource bases, a predicament exacerbated by over-use — and thus degradation — of the land and its natural resources. In the arid and semi-arid regions of Africa, over-use of the land most often takes the form of overgrazing, leading to land degradation that is severe enough to be referred to as desertification. It is concluded that to achieve sustainable utilization of the land and its natural resources will necessitate the integrated attainment of environmental security and societal security — the latter inter alia requiring participatory governance, non-violent means of conflict resolution, and especially population controls.

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Spencer, Sebastian, Alison D. Grant, Patrice Piola, Kodzo Tukpo, Michael Okia, Marlon Garcia, Pierre Salignon, Christine Genevier, James Kiguli, and Jean-Paul Guthmann. "Malaria in camps for internally-displaced persons in Uganda: evaluation of an insecticide-treated bednet distribution programme." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, no. 12 (December 2004): 719–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trstmh.2004.01.012.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Environmentally Displaced Person'

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