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Dean, Jonathan Daniel. "Environmental impacts of trade-oriented development policies /." View online, 2009. http://repository.eiu.edu/theses/docs/32211131559250.pdf.
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Griffith, Jennfer Lynn. "Deforestation--policies toward a more sustainable tropical timber industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/45743.
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Kim, Junghwa. "Strategies for Increasing the Acceptability of Sustainable Transport Policies." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/180621.
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Strindevall, Linda. "Coherence between National and International Environmental Policies – the case of Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353176.
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Policy coherence is receiving increasing attention due to the interconnectedness, urgency and global character of the challenges that humanity faces today. Policy coherence provides an effective approach to tackle the complex macrochallenges of today since it entails achieving policies from different levels and sectors striving towards the same objectives in a supportive and reinforcing manner, producing an effective and long-lasting response to the challenges. Considering the broad, ambitious and universal Agenda 2030, policy coherence is of greater importance than ever before. This study investigates the policy coherence between Agenda 2030 and the national level looking into the case of Sweden with focus on the environmental dimension of sustainable development by evaluating the coherence between the environmental SDGs and Sweden’s national environmental quality objectives. Coherence between the two policy levels is evaluated using a qualitative data analysis by comparing official policy documents from respective policy agenda and applying the OECD’s (2016) Policy Coherence for Sustainable Development framework to Sweden. The conclusion indicates that the policy agendas fit together in a reasonable way but has the potential to be more coherent. Urgency is seldom addressed, but rather challenges are pointed out as critical and taking action is noted as significant. Both of the policy agendas address the interconnectedness of the challenges, the SDGs in a vague manner pointing out ‘links’ and the national environmental quality objectives in a more detailed manner pointing out more specific examples. The global character of the challenges is addressed in both of the policy agendas, more so in the SDGs than the national environmental quality targets. Incoherence is at times difficult to point out due to the vague terms used in Agenda 2030 compared to Sweden’s national policy. However, the vagueness of Agenda 2030 seems to serve a function whereas the country specific goals go into further detail according to the context. Despite the difficulty, results show that a broader perspective would benefit both policy agendas in addressing the global challenges coherently, since it consequently implies that the concept of policy coherence is applied at a larger scale.
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Ljung, Magnus. "Collaborative learning for sustainable development of agri-food systems /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 2001. http://projkat.slu.se/SafariDokument/191.htm.
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Wickramasinghe, Kremlin. "Quantifying the impact of policies addressing sustainable and healthy diets." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.711872.
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Mak, Wai-yi Bernice. "Green building design and management in Hong Kong : reactive to government environmental policies or proactive in protecting the environment? /." View the Table of Contents & Abstract, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B35808809.
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Cheatham, Benjamin Myles 1973. "Sustainable urban transportation in developing mega-cities : a review of policies, regulations, and technologies." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/8311.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering, February 2002."January 2002."
Includes bibliographical references (p. 128-138).
Of the many daunting challenges the world's developing mega-cities face, perhaps none is more pressing than the urgent need to enhance the mobility of their citizens. An efficient flow of goods and people into around and through these urban nerve centers is vital to their global economic competitiveness, environmental health, and socioeconomic development. A lack of adequate mobility is characterized by a number of detrimental externalities. Chiefly, the ensnarement of vehicles in traffic congestion, an increase in air-borne pollutants and a higher cost of travel are symptoms of poor planning, inadequate investment, and ineffective governance. Innovative policies, regulations, and technologies must be employed that enable mobility without sacrificing quality of life, clean air, or investment in other sectors. The primary objective of this study is to assist municipal governments in the development of environmentally sustainable, socially equitable, and financially self-reliant transportation policies and systems. This objective will be achieved in three stages: I. This study will describe and assess a portfolio of urban transportation policies, regulations, and technologies, concentrating on those policies that make use of market forces to influence travel demand. II. Two urban transportation case studies will be developed: Singapore and Bogoti, Colombia. These cases will be used to illustrate the interactions of policies, regulations, and technologies and to demonstrate the important roles that institutional arrangements and public opinion can play as determinants of success or failure. III. Finally, from this analysis we will develop a series of urban transportation policy recommendations for the city of Guangzhou. Our recommendations are based on interviews with senior municipal officials, documents produced by the administration, the city's unique context, and the telling experiences of Singapore and Bogota. Three primary conclusions arise from this study. First, developing mega-cities cannot focus solely on the supply of additional infrastructure to address their mobility problems; they must also manage the demand side of the equation. Second, these cities must employ a broad mixture of demand-management measures simultaneously in order to significantly improve mobility. Third, these cities must develop adequate institutional capacity in order to design, implement, and enforce effective transportation policies and manage sustainable urban transportation systems.
by Benjamin Myles Cheatham.
S.M.
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Donohoe, Nicola. "Tokyo: A Megacity that works? : Policies, Planning and Sustainable Development Goal 11." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-363361.
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Sustainability has become highly prominent, it is an important aspect of the 21st century that is gradually becoming part of everyday life. Urbanisation has also rapidly increased since the 1950s when New York was the only urban area in the world to be considered a megacity due to its extensive population; presently megacities can be found globally with predicted to arise in the future. The growth rate of some of the largest urban areas in the world has been too rapid for some cities to keep up with; resulting in environmental, social, and economic issues growing alongside the urbanisation trend. The implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) wants to work towards reducing and eventually removing such issues at a global scale; reducing the inequalities of the world that are more than often to visible in large urban areas. This thesis aims to examine the SDGs, specifically that of SDG 11 which focuses on cities and human settlements in line with one of the largest urban areas on the planet, Tokyo. An examination of planning and policy documents composed by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government (TMG) in the form of a comparative analysis alongside key criteria taken from SDG 11 will be conducted to gain an insight and understanding of the plans and policies that are working to create a functioning society in Tokyo.
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Haji, Esmaeili Seyed Ali. "A Market Incentives Analysis of Sustainable Biomass Bioethanol Supply Chains with Carbon Policies." Diss., North Dakota State University, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31869.
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Given the increasing demand for energy, climate change, and environmental concern of fossil fuels, it is becoming increasingly significant to find alternative renewable energy sources. Bioethanol as one sort of cellulosic biofuel produced from lignocellulosic biomass feedstocks has shown great potential as a renewable resource. Delivering a competitive, sustainable biofuel product requires comprehensive supply chain planning and design. Developing economically and environmentally optimal supply chain models is necessary in this context. Also, designing biomass bioethanol supply chain (BBSC) models addressing social issues requires using second-generation biomass which is not a source of food for humans. Currently, corn as a first-generation feedstock is the primary source of bioethanol in the United States which has given growth to new social issues such as the food versus fuel debate. Considering incentives for first-generation bioethanol producers to switch to second-generation biomass and associated production technologies will help to address such social issues.
The scope of this study focuses on analyzing economic and environmental market incentives for second-generation bioethanol producers while considering different carbon policies as penalties and restrictions for emissions coming from BBSC activities. First, we develop an integrated life cycle emission and energy optimization model for analyzing an entire second-generation bioethanol supply chain using switchgrass as the source of biomass while finding the most appropriate potential locations for building new cellulosic biorefineries in North Dakota. Second, we propose a supply chain model by comparing a first-generation (corn) and a second-generation (corn stover) bioethanol supply chain to analyze how policymakers can incentivize first-generation bioethanol producers to switch their technology and biomass supply from first-generation to second-generation biomass. Third, we develop the model further by investigating the impact of four different carbon policies including the carbon tax, carbon cap, carbon cap-and-trade, and carbon offset on the supply chain strategic and operational decisions.
This research will help to design robust BBSCs focused on sustainability in order to optimally utilize second-generation biomass resources in the future. The findings can be utilized by renewable energy policy decision makers, bioethanol producers, and investors to operate in a competitive market while protecting the environment.
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Somevi, Joseph Kwame. "The potential role of strategic environmental assessment (SEA) in the development of sustainable energy policies, plans and programmes for Ghana." Thesis, Oxford Brookes University, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247794.
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Gyan, Cecilia Adwoa. "A comparative analysis of environmental policies of South African universities." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1008067.
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There has been ongoing global concern on environmental issues and which is supposed to have moved down into smaller institutions and areas through local agenda 2l. Environmental issues are associated not only with care for the environment but also sustainable development. Various universities are beginning to strive for sustainable development and care for the environment. Some universities are therefore integrating care for the environment in their curricula and in their daily operations on campus. The greening of higher educational institutions as models is important as they are the seat for research and training of undergraduates who will become future leaders and policymakers and caretakers of the environment. It is therefore important for undergraduates to be exposed to greening processes in operations, research and curricula whilst still on campus. This study examines the process of formulating a policy and applies that to forming an environmental policy. The study involved a comparative analysis of environmental policies of various tertiary educational institutions from different countries. The study focused on how many universities in South Africa have environmental policies and how the universities which have environmental policies went about their formulation process. The study further examines the duration of the formulation process and the constraints encountered by universities. The study then reviews strategies on how the environmental policy is being implemented and how effective the implementation process is practically and the constraints these institutions face. The findings of the study reveal that few universities ill South Africa have an environmental policy. The universities are making efforts in their implementation process however, not all the principles found in the policies are being implemented effectively as there are no environmental management systems in place and there are no measurable objectives and targets set for proper evaluation of the success or failure of the policy.
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Mak, Wai-yi Bernice, and 麥慧儀. "Green building design and management in Hong Kong: reactive to government environmental policies orproactive in protecting the environment?" Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B45008668.
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RIPPER, LUCAS ALVES. "POLICIES FOR SUSTAINABLE HOUSING IN RIO DE JANEIRO: UNCONVENTIONAL MATERIALS IN INTERACTIVITY WITH THE PARTICULAR ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING IN RIO." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2009. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=15726@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROEste trabalho tem por objetivo revitalizar e ressignificar os estudos sobre Arquiteturas Regionais voltadas para políticas públicas habitacionais de sustentabilidade local, a partir da utilização de materiais não-convencionais associados a baixos custos econômicos e ao reduzido impacto ambiental. Esta ressignificação visa possibilitar o acesso de populações de baixo poder aquisitivo a moradias próprias, levando-se em consideração o uso, a morfologia, os recursos materiais e demais características naturais das localidades onde tais arquiteturas podem ser desenvolvidas. Face à carência de políticas habitacionais sustentáveis nos grandes centros metropolitanos do Brasil, tal estudo se apresenta como um caminho a ser trilhado pela Ciência atual, que pode promover a percepção de que a natureza serve, antes de tudo, para o usufruto de quem habita os espaços. A Cidade do Rio de Janeiro, devido à sua singularidade como Cidade da Natureza, será o recorte trabalhado, já que une a sua imensa urbanidade com potencialidades naturais descartadas por políticas públicas diversas. A natureza carioca pode gerar, através dos gestores públicos, a democratização da habitabilidade na cidade com a utilização limpa de materiais sustentáveis na produção de unidades residenciais de baixo custo. Atualmente são utilizados quase que exclusivamente, materiais construtivos consolidados no período moderno do século XX que degradam o meio ambiente. Podemos afirmar que, a utilização destes materiais no século XX se tornou uma tradição da modernidade, associada as idéias de progresso e desenvolvimento. Dentre as potencialidades materiais oferecidas pela natureza carioca deve-se destacar a terra crua e o bambu, materiais que há séculos têm apoiado a subsistência do homem no Brasil e no mundo. Neste contexto, concluímos que as soluções para a geração de habitações sustentáveis adaptadas às especificidades do ambiente carioca (e brasileiro), devem surgir a partir deste espaço, por meio de sua mão de obra, técnicas e materiais peculiares, refletindo assim, uma importante ressignificação na interação entre o homem, a técnica e a natureza.
This study aims to revive and reframe the study of regional architecture oriented housing policies of local sustainability, from the use of unconventional materials associated with low economic costs and reduced environmental impact. This redefinition is to give people access to low-income homes to own, taking into account the use, morphology, material resources and other characteristics of natural places where such architectures can be developed. Given the lack of sustainable housing policies in major metropolitan areas of Brazil, this study is presented as a way to go for science today, which may promote the perception that nature will do, primarily, for the enjoyment of those who live in spaces. The City of Rio de Janeiro, because of its uniqueness as the City of Nature will be the cut worked, since joining the urbanity with its immense natural potential discarded by various public policies. Nature carioca can generate, through public managers, the democratization of housing in the city with clean use of sustainable materials in the production of residential units affordable. Currently are used almost exclusively, construction materials bound in the modern period of the twentieth century that degrade the environment. We can say that the use of these materials in the twentieth century has become a tradition of modernity associated with the ideas of progress and development. Among the potential materials offered by nature carioca should emphasize raw land and bamboo, materials which have for centuries supported the survival of man in Brazil and the world. In this context, we conclude that the solutions for the generation of sustainable housing adapted to the specificities of Rio (and Brazil), should emerge from this space through their labor, materials and techniques peculiar, reflecting a major reinterpretation the interaction between man, technology and nature.
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san, Martin Bucht Michelle. "Overcoming Scale Challenges in Policies Through Analysing Governance Architecture : The Case of Chemical Management Policies in Sweden." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-394743.
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The release of harmful chemicals into the Earth system is a threat to the survival of human societies and ecosystems. There are different types of harmful chemicals, some possess characteristics that are more harmful than others. Chemicals causing local effects have a short-term impact on the Earth system, whereas others are persistent in nature. The second becomes a global pollution issue because these substances accumulate, resulting in cascades through the Earth system. The chemical pollution issue is a scale challenge, meaning that the pollution issue occurs within and across levels and scales. Chemical pollution is not treated as a scale challenge in the decision-making process today. In the literature it is stated that chemical pollution is usually studied by focusing on single institutions, which hinders the possibility to investigate the linkages between the institutions affecting the scale dynamics. In this study the scale and cross-scale perspective was used to identify institutions that are affecting the work for a toxin free environment on a national and municipality level in Sweden. Governance Architecture was used as an analytical tool to investigate the key hindering and facilitating governance mechanisms to achieve sustainable chemical management in Sweden from a cross-scale perspective. The analytical tool was based on the Earth System Governance theory and scale dynamics. Sweden was used as a case to apply this tool. Two methods were used to gather empirics: literature analysis and in-depth interviews. The findings reveal an overrepresentation of the hindering factors being a result of a scale or a policy gap issue. These gaps are created by the lack of interdisciplinarity in the decision-making process, and the current legislation and politics which influences the implementation of the strategies on the different institutional levels. To overcome these hinders the current strategies and legislation needs to be in collaboration. This study contributes to empiric development within policy studies on how the chemical pollution issue needs to be conceptually formulated to achieve a toxin free environment within and cross-scales. It also contributes to method development by addressing the gap of including several institutions in cross-scale studies.
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Choi, Dong Gu. "Energy models for electricity sector with green policies and technologies." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45883.
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A variety of energy models and tools have been used for an comprehensive analysis of the complex energy systems and the design of pathway to sustainable energy world. This thesis analyzes three interesting problems in the electricity sector by developing and using suitable energy models.
Chapter 2 investigates how to incorporate demand responsiveness for policy analysis in the electricity sector using a least-cost model. This study develops its own least-cost model which includes some characteristics for two important policies in the electricity sector, and suggests an iterative approach for incorporating the demand response to price change under new policy. Based on a case study, the state of Georgia, this chapter shows the effects of including demand response on the evaluation of policy. Chapter 3 is about new technology adoption pathways in the electric power system. In this chapter, by investigating the related status of policies and specifications of electric vehicles and wind power technologies in the U.S., several adoption pathways of the technologies in the U.S. eastern interconnection have been developed. This study develops four-serial models for the estimation of future economic and environmental impacts of the technologies' penetration. The results show that the total greenhouse gas emissions of the entire energy system do not substantially decrease even with a high level of electric vehicle adoption. The combination of two technologies, even more with appropriate policies, can notably decrease the total greenhouse gas emissions. Chapter 4 is a study about demand response programs, particularly optional time-based rates, for residential customers. This chapter analyzes the main reason that the participation of the current programs is low even though the programs have benefits. This study investigates two policy tools, a subsidy for flexible residential demand and a shared-savings mechanism based on consumption pattern changes, and examines the implementation of the tools and their potential to overcome the current inefficient operation.
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Al-Qaseer, Firas Abdulmajeed. "Scheduling policies considering both production duration and energy consumption criteria for environmental management." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC028/document.
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Nous présentons les enjeux du management environnemental et soulignons l’importance d’une politique d’économie d’énergie pour les entreprises. Nous proposons un modèle pour déterminer le bilan énergétique de la fabrication en intégrant les différentes phases productives et non-productives. Nous définissons un double objectif pour la minimisation de la durée de production et de la consommation d’énergie. Nous appliquons ce modèle à l’ordonnancement d’ateliers job-shop flexibles. Pour déterminer la solution optimale nous utilisons deux classes de méthodes : - La première relève des algorithmes génétiques. Nous proposons différents types d’algorithmes pour résoudre ce problème multicritère. Nous proposons par exemple de faire évoluer deux populations pour minimiser respectivement l’énergie consommée et la durée de production et de les croiser pour atteindre l’objectif global. - La seconde relève de la programmation sous contrainte. Nous proposons de rechercher la solution optimale en développant une double arborescence pour évaluer l’énergie consommée et la durée de production. Nous construisons notre algorithme en partant des tâches à réaliser sur les machines ou en partant des machines qui réaliseront les tâches. Nous discutons de la construction du front de Pareto pour l’obtention de la meilleure solution.Nous terminons en comparant les différentes approches et en discutant leur pertinence pour traiter des problèmes de différentes tailles. Nous proposons également plusieurs améliorations et quelques pistes pour de futures recherchesWe present the challenges of environmental management and underline the importance of an energy saving policy for companies. We propose a model to determine the energy balance of manufacturing by integrating the different productive and non-productive phases. We define two purposes for minimizing production time and energy consumption. We apply this model to the scheduling of flexible job-shop workshops. To determine the optimal solution we use two types of methods: - The first is genetic algorithms. We propose different types of algorithms to solve this multi-criteria problem. For example, we propose to develop two populations to minimize the energy consumed and the production time, and to cross them to achieve the overall objective. - The second is constraint programming. We propose to find the optimal solution by developing a double tree to evaluate the energy consumed and the production time. We build our algorithm starting from the tasks to be performed on the machines or from the machines that will perform the tasks. We discuss the construction of the Pareto front to get the best solution.We finish by comparing the different approaches and discussing their relevance to deal with problems of different sizes. We also offer several improvements and some leads for future research
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Prasad, Awadhesh. "Environmental performance auditing by supreme audit institutions: progress, practice and prospects." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/112881.
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Environment and sustainable development challenges are matters of
global concern. Trillions of dollars of mostly public money are
invested every year in environment programs to address these
challenges. The effectiveness of these programs is critical to
environmental sustainability. The effectiveness of governments’
programs is examined through evaluations undertaken mostly by the
private sector and through performance audits undertaken by
independent Auditors General, also known as supreme audit
institutions (SAIs). Compared with traditional evaluations,
performance audits have a greater capacity to influence the
implementation of policies. However, performance auditing in the
environment field has received very little academic attention.
To fill this knowledge gap, this thesis undertakes three
empirical investigations:
(1) A longitudinal analysis of two decades (1992-2012) of global
environmental performance audit data that also considers some
economic data, e.g., gross per-capita national income, to
investigate trends;
(2) A global survey of SAIs to investigate their current
practices and challenges faced in environmental performance
auditing; and
(3) A comparative study of environmental performance auditing in
three countries—Australia, Canada and India—to further
understand environmental performance auditing.
The results suggest that, globally, environmental performance
audits have been growing, in number and possibly complexity.
However, the growth has been uneven. About half of SAIs have not
produced any environmental performance audits, suggesting
capacity gaps. These SAIs are largely concentrated in Africa and
Caribbean—two economically poor regions. Both a country’s
economic development, and its membership of the Working Group on
Environmental Auditing (WGEA) are correlated to environmental
performance auditing.
SAIs, predominantly, select environmental topics for performance
auditing using a risk-based structured approach. Performance
audits criteria are generally developed in consultation with
auditees. Economic factors influence the choice of audit topics
and methods. Generally, the developed country SAIs focus on
performance auditing of quality of life environmental issues,
such as climate change, whereas, the developing country SAIs
concentrate on subsistence environmental matters, such as water
supply and sanitation. Compared with developing SAIs, developed
SAIs generally use more system-oriented approaches and are more
consultative. SAIs identify both the lack of sufficient mandate
and sufficient resources as constraints to undertaking more
environmental performance audits. Institutional arrangements do
affect environmental performance auditing. Significant variations
in reporting styles of performance audits are a consequence of
deficient quality control and an absence of reporting standards.
Key challenges confronting environmental performance auditing
relate to: (a) Deficient environmental policy formulation and
data & monitoring difficulties (governments responsible); (b)
SAIs’ mandate & resources (governments responsible); and (c)
Audit relationships and communication matters (SAIs responsible).
While environmental performance audits have had positive impacts
on the implementation of environmental programs, actions for
improvements are necessary to meet the growing challenges of the
future, including implementing the new sustainable development
goals. These include:
• Capacity building in performance auditing especially in poor
countries (donor agencies, governments);
• Addressing deficiencies in environmental policies and mandate
& resources of SAIs (governments);
• Working collaboratively with others, e.g., civil society
organisations, to develop innovative audit methods; and improving
reporting standards & communication (SAIs); and
• Strengthening the WGEA (SAIs).
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Machado, Julia Teixeira. "Educação ambiental: um estudo sobre a ambientalização do cotidiano escolar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-07072014-114108/.
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A fragilidade das práticas pedagógicas em Educação Ambiental e as dificuldades para sua inserção nas escolas já são fatos constatados por muitos estudos. Fazem-se necessários, desse modo, estudos avaliativos que promovam o aprimoramento das ações pedagógicas voltadas ao campo ambiental, visando a sua inclusão sustentável no cotidiano escolar. Nesse sentido, a presente pesquisa objetiva contribuir para a produção de conhecimentos que visem à constituição e promoção de estratégias de políticas públicas voltadas à inclusão efetiva da Educação Ambiental no ensino formal. Para tanto, a pesquisa acompanhou, através de observação participante, questionário, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas individuais e coletivas, um processo formativo, destinado a promover Escolas Sustentáveis organizado pelo Laboratório de Educação e Política Ambiental (Oca) da ESALQ/USP em parceria com o Instituto Estre de Responsabilidade Socioambiental (IE). Assim, utilizando-se de elementos da pesquisa qualitativa e das técnicas já citadas, buscou-se analisar o processo formativo em questão em termos dos desafios e elementos facilitadores colocados diante da inclusão da temática ambiental e como esses são enfrentados pelos educadores, as estratégias para promover a continuidade dos processos educadores, os sujeitos escolares envolvidos nas atividades de Educação Ambiental, sentimentos e valores desses sujeitos e os limites e potencialidades da proposta estudada. O trabalho verificou que priorizar o processo, e não somente seus produtos, trazendo a formação para dentro da escola, estimulando a participação e a construção coletiva, pode colaborar para fomentar o protagonismo da escola. Iniciou-se pela enunciação das utopias e sonhos dos participantes da mesma, conectando-os com o diagnóstico da realidade escolar e as ações transformadoras dessa realidade, contribuindo para emergir entre os grupos de trabalho um sentimento identitário. No entanto, a falta de continuidade do curso Escolas Sustentáveis Oca/IE, o afrouxamento das parcerias, o pouco envolvimento e participação das comunidades escolares somados ao ambiente escolar pouco fértil para inovações, desmotivaram e despotencializaram os participantes a colocar em prática as ações por eles planejadas e, assim, dar continuidade ao processo formativo. Observou-se que as mudanças proporcionadas permaneceram mais nas pessoas que estiveram diretamente relacionadas com o Curso do que na escola como um todo. Os acertos e equívocos colocam-se como apontamentos para o aprimoramento de políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental escolarizada, evidenciando-se a necessidade de criar indicadores avaliativos para auxiliar no processo de ambientalização do cotidiano escolar.The fragility of the pedagogical practices in Environmental Education and the difficulties for their insertion in schools are already evidenced facts by many studies. Thus, it is necessary evaluative studies that promote improvement of educational actions towards environmental field, aiming its sustainable inclusion in daily school. In this sense, the present research intends to contribute to the production of knowledge aimed at the establishment and promotion of public policy strategies to an effective inclusion of Environmental Education in formal education. For this reason, the research followed, through participant observation, questionnaires, analysis of documents and semi-structured individual and collective interviews, a formative process addressed to promote Sustainable Schools organized by the Laboratory of Education and Environmental Policy of ESALQ/USP in partnership with the Estre Institute of Socio-Environmental Responsibility. Therefore, using elements of qualitative research and techniques already mentioned herein, it sought to analyze the formative process in terms of the challenges and elements placed in front of the facilitators inclusion of environmental issues and how these are faced by educators, the strategies to promote the continuity of educators processes, the school subjects involved in Environmental Education activities, feelings and values of these subjects, and the limits and potentialities of the proposed study. The study found that prioritize the process, and not only their products, bringing the training into the school, stimulating participation and collective construction of process, can collaborate to promote the role of the school in its formative process. The study started by the enunciation of utopias and dreams, connecting them with the diagnosis of school reality and transformative actions of this reality, contributing to emerge between the working groups a sense of identity. However, the lack of continuity of the course, the loosening of the partnerships, the lack of involvement and participation of school communities added to the school environment little fertile for innovations, soon lost and demotivated working groups to put into practice the actions planned by them and, thus, to continue the formative process. It was observed that the changes offered by the formative process remained more on the people who were directly related to the course than at the school as a whole. These successes and misconceptions are notes for the improvement of public policies for Environmental Education in schools, showing the need to create evaluative indicators to assist in the process of Environmental Education in schools.
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Almeida, Francisco Alberto Severo de. "Influência das políticas ambientais no desempenho empresarial econômico e socioambiental: um estudo do setor de leite e derivados de Goiás." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12139/tde-08102010-201233/.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo verificar se as políticas e as ações governamentais relacionadas às questões socioambientais guardam uma associação com o desempenho econômico e socioambiental das empresas goianas de beneficiamento e industrialização de leite e derivados. Políticas Públicas Ambientais e ações governamentais são elementos que, direta ou indiretamente, podem exercer influência no desempenho empresarial econômico e socioambiental das firmas. O estado da arte alicerça-se nas fronteiras do conhecimento científico e das bases epistemológicas que dão suporte às abordagens da ciência da natureza, das ciências sociais aplicadas e suas especialidades para compreensão dos fenômenos ligados ao desenvolvimento empresarial econômico e socioambiental, dimensionados a partir de política pública ambiental e ações governamentais. Neste contexto, desenhou-se o modelo conceitual denominado política socioambiental e o desempenho econômico e socioambiental das firmas, organizado e operacionalizado, mediante o conjunto de variáveis relacionadas às condicionantes de políticas públicas e de desempenho econômico e socioambiental. A estrutura lógica do instrumento de pesquisa foi concebida abrangendo questionamentos sobre a legislação ambiental, instrumentos institucionais de regulação direta no mercado; responsabilidade por danos ambientais; acordos internacionais e regionais socioambientais; marketing ambiental, desempenho econômico, ambiental e social. O instrumento de investigação foi aplicado em 118 empresas fiscalizadas pelo Sistema de Inspeção Federal SIF e sujeitas à aplicação da resolução nº 237/97, do Conselho Nacional do Meio Ambiente. Os dados recolhidos foram submetidos a procedimentos estatístico que lhes atestam sua consistência. As hipóteses experimentais da pesquisa foram todas aceitas, após aplicação do teste de significância, medido pela estatística F. Os dados da pesquisa empírica foram submetidos à análise da estatística descritiva e inferencial, compreendendo análise de frequência relativa percentual, coeficiente de variação de Pearson e de correlação linear múltipla. À luz das evidências apresentadas, embasada na síntese da pesquisa empírica, conclui-se que políticas públicas e ações govenamentais relacionadas às questões ambientais guardam, sim, uma associação com o resultado de desempenho empresarial econômico e sociambiental das empresas do setor lácteo de Goiás. Neste contexto, como um tema de fronteira, esta pesquisa, ao abordar sobre a influência das políticas ambientais no desempenho empresarial econômico e socioambiental do setor de leite e derivados de Goiás, dá uma contribuição acadêmica e, também, ao segmento empresarial, com vistas a ampliar futuras discussões sobre a temática de Meio Ambiente.This research aims to determine whether policies and government actions related to social and environmental issues keep an association with the economic performance and environmental impact of companies in the dairy sector in Goiás. Environmental public policies and government actions are elements that directly and indirectly can influence on economic and socio-environmental performance of the companies. The state of the art is founded on the frontier of scientific knowledge and epistemological foundations that are supporting the approaches of natural science, social science and applied their specialties to understand the phenomena related to economic and socio-environmental performance of the companies, scaled from environmental public policy and governmental actions. In this context, it drew up the conceptual model called the political and socio-environmental policy and socio-economic performance of firms, organized and executed by the set of variables related to the constraints of public policy and economic and socio-environmental performance economic and socio-environmental performance. The logical structure of the research instrument was designed covering questions on environmental legislation, institutional instruments of direct regulation on the market; responsibility for environmental damage, international agreements and regional organizations; marketing, economic, environmental and social. This research tool was applied to 118 companies audited by the Federal Inspection System SIF and subject to the implementation of Resolution No. 237/97 of the National Council on the Environment. The data collected were subjected to statistical procedures that they attest to its consistency. The experimental research hypotheses were all accepted, after applying the significance test, measured by the F statistic. The empirical survey data were subjected to analysis of descriptive and inferential statistics, including frequency analysis on percentage, coefficient of variation of Pearson and multiple linear correlation. In light of the evidences presented, based on the synthesis of empirical research, we can concluded that public policies and government actions related to environmental issues keep an action associated with the outcome of economic and socio-environmental performance of the companies of the dairy sector in Goiás. In this context, as a matter of the border, this research when addressing the influence of environmental policies on economic and socio-environmental performance of the companies of the dairy sector in Goiás gives an academic contribution, and also to the corporate segment, in order to expand further discussions on the subject of the environment.
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Malebye, Valerie Essie. "Learners' understanding of the impact of air pollution on the environment in rural communities." Diss., Pretroia : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-08172005-111501/.
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Edvardsson, Karin. "How to Set Rational Environmental Goals : theory and applications." Licentiate thesis, Stockholm, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-3875.
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Silva, Maria Andresa da [UNESP]. "Políticas públicas de educação ambiental: o caso da implementação do Programa Nacional Escolas Sustentáveis em quatro escolas municipais de João Pessoa/PB." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144615.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O presente estudo tem por objetivo analisar o caso da implementação do Programa Escolas Sustentáveis (PES) em quatro escolas municipais de João Pessoa/PB. O PES, criado pelo Ministério da Educação em 2009, trata-se de uma proposta de política desenvolvida para o ambiente formal de ensino, voltada a apoiar a transição das escolas rumo à sustentabilidade. Disponibiliza recurso financeiro para as escolas desenvolverem ações que estabeleçam relação entre três eixos inter-relacionados: o currículo, a gestão e o espaço físico. Buscamos nesse estudo identificar as ações desenvolvidas pelas escolas, as compreensões de gestores e professores sobre Educação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade e apresentar as contribuições da implementação desse programa para o espaço escolar, revelando as dificuldades e facilidades encontradas pelos educadores na implementação. Esse estudo é caracterizado por uma pesquisa de natureza qualitativa do tipo estudo de caso. Os instrumentos utilizados para a coleta de dados foram entrevistas semi-estruturadas (22 no total), os projetos político pedagógicos e os planos de ações dessas escolas. O procedimento analítico foi feito a partir da técnica de triangulação de dados. De acordo com os dados as três escolas desenvolveram ações contemplando somente o espaço físico, a saber: horta escolar, “espaço de vivência”, coleta de óleo de cozinha e papa-pilhas. Foram realizadas também palestras e oficinas. Tais ações foram orientadas por uma concepção de EA pragmática e comportamentalista, com foco na temática do lixo. Segundo os dados, uma das contribuições proporcionadas pelo Programa às escolas foi à mudança de comportamento dos alunos e o envolvimento deles na realização das atividades; ter proporcionado através das atividades uma troca de conhecimentos entre escolas e comunidades. Um dos desafios apontados foi de envolver os professores a trabalhar com projetos de EA. Outra dificuldade pontuada foi a troca de professores no início do ano letivo e a chegada de novos professores por meio do concurso público que aconteceu no momento da implementação. Por fim, foi destacado o aspecto pontual e a falta de continuidade dos projetos.
This study aims to analyze the implementation case of the Sustainable Schools Program (SSP) in four public schools in João Pessoa/PB. The SSP, created by the Ministry of Education in 2009, is a policy proposal developed for the formal teaching background, aiming to support the transition of schools towards sustainability. It provides financial resources for schools to develop actions that establish relationship among three interrelated axes: curriculum, management and physical space. We seek to identify in this study actions developed by the schools, the of managers’ and teachers’ understandings on Environmental Education and Sustainability and to present contributions to the implementation of this program for the school space, revealing the difficulties and facilities faced by educators in the implementation. This study is characterized by a qualitative research of a case study. The instruments used for data collection were semi-structured interviews (22 in total), the pedagogical political projects and action plans of these schools. The analytical procedure was conducted from the data triangulation. According to these data, the three schools carried out actions only contemplating the physical space, namely: school garden, “living space”, cooking oil collection and papa-cells. Workshops and lectures were also held there. Such actions were guided by a pragmatic and behaviorist EE design, focusing on the theme of garbage. According to the data, one of the contributions achieved by the Program to schools was to change the students’ behavior and their involvement in carrying out the activities; have provided through the activities an exchange of knowledge between schools and communities. One of the challenges mentioned was to involve teachers in working with EE projects. Another difficulty punctuated was in the exchange of teachers at the beginning of the school year and the arrival of new teachers through public tender that took place at the time of implementation. Finally, it was highlighted the specific features involved in the projects and their lack of continuity.
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McKean, Vanessa. "The role of expectations and visions of the future in the development of target-based environmental policies : the case of the UK Air Quality Strategy." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/58039/.
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Increasingly, policy-makers rely on forecasts to set targets for environmental and health protection. I examine the UK Air Quality Strategies (AQS) for particulate matter (1997-2007). Here policy-makers select and articulate visions for technological and policy developments in order to set targets and policies to achieve them. Despite growing evidence for adverse health effects of particulates, challenging targets in 1997 were followed by two revisions of Objectives without introducing measures for reducing pollution. In 2007 more challenging targets were resumed. This thesis is a study of the formation and evolution of a policy framework: of the interactions and contrasting roles of scientific expertise, wider political discourse, and the ‘futures' presented by actors involved in the policy process. Sociology of Expectations has previously examined the roles of visions in innovation processes. I extended this framework to examine dynamics of visions in the policy-making process. My findings were based on analysis of visions and discourses identified in texts, model data, and interviews. Whilst none of the explanatory factors alone accounted the developments in the AQS, together they provide an explanation of change which highlights the role of learning by policy-makers . Visions for technological development articulated in each version of the AQS were in line with the dominant visions articulated in central government, but over time policy-makers responsible for the Strategy used them to present options for taking action on pollution. Co-construction of the AQS and modelled forecasts enabled policy-makers responsible for the Strategy to articulate visions for technologies and policies to promote taking action to reduce pollutants, and this led to the more action-oriented Strategy in 2007. This thesis proposes that visions can change more quickly than wider political discourses, and as such can provide opportunities for the introduction of new discourses.
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Циганенко, Олена Василівна, Елена Васильевна Циганенко, and Olena Vasylivna Tsyhanenko. "Формування екологічної політики держави в сучасних умовах." Thesis, Мелітопольський інститут державного та муніципального управління "Класичного приватного університету", 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29494.
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Визначено роль та особливості екологічної політики держави згідно концепції
екологозбалансованого розвитку, розглянуто ряд екологічних проблем та запропоновано цілі
сучасної екологічної політики щодо забезпечення переходу до сталого розвитку економіки та
впровадження екологічно збалансованої системи природокористування.
При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/29494
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Tommasini, Margherita. "Researching sustainability education through the lens of anti-oppressive pedagogy : a critical discourse analysis of the educational policies of three international high schools with sustainability foci." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445655.
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As the notion of sustainability has gained prominence in the past decade, so have different disciplines that have addressed sustainability issues from an educational standpoint, for example Environmental Education and Education for Sustainable Development. Both fields have been called out for shortcomings such as omitting social considerations to sustainability issues and reproducing neoliberal framings that go hand in hand with oppressive power structures and systemic inequality. To better grasp how sustainability education is framed in relation to anti-oppressive pedagogy, this research conducted a Critical Discourse Analysis on selected materials that were publicly available on the websites of three international high schools with sustainability-oriented curricula—Green School, United World Colleges, and Amala Education. From the analysis of the selected documents, the three educational organizations’ discourses of sustainability align with the narrative of Education for Sustainable Development and lack critical considerations on the embeddedness of their sustainability education, and the larger sustainability challenge, in neoliberal framings and systems of oppression that reproduce inequality and marginalization and that constrain processes of transformation. While language that relates to the framings of anti-oppressive pedagogy was present, to different extents, in the texts of the three organizations, it was not framed in relation to sustainability, but as a separate layer of educational practice, lacking problematization on the role of sustainability education discourses in the making of anti-oppressive sustainability education, and on the critical significance of considering anti-oppressive pedagogy for the making of sustainability education.
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Battaini, Vivian. "Educação Ambiental e políticas públicas em Fernando de Noronha: a participação na construção de escolas e sociedades sustentáveis." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-14032018-112322/.
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A construção de processos de transição para sociedades sustentáveis envolve, dentre outros, a criação e fortalecimento de democracias participativas. Tendo a Educação Ambiental (EA) um compromisso com a transformação social, qual seu potencial na promoção e fortalecimento de processos participativos? O recorte escolhido para o desenvolvimento desta pesquisa envolveu a educação ambiental realizada no contexto escolar pelo seu potencial educador e de articulação de indivíduos e instituições de um território. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi contribuir com o aprimoramento de políticas públicas de educação ambiental comprometidas com o fortalecimento da participação na Escola e na construção de sociedades sustentáveis. Os objetivos específicos foram analisar contribuições das atividades de educação ambiental para a qualificação da participação, para o aprendizado escolar dos indivíduos e para o fortalecimento da relação escola/comunidade. A área de estudo, Fernando de Noronha - PE - Brasil, é peculiar por ser um Arquipélago, possuir duas unidades de conservação e apresentar situações de efetivo e potencial impacto socioambiental. A pesquisa, cuja metodologia é qualitativa, dialoga com a pesquisa-intervenção e com a pesquisa etnográfica. As técnicas de coleta de dados utilizadas foram: análise de documentos, observação participante, intervenção educadora e entrevistas semiestruturadas. As análises foram feitas a partir da triangulação de técnicas e sujeitos, dialogando com referenciais teóricos sobre educação ambiental, participação, educação escolar e políticas públicas. Esta pesquisa evidenciou a contribuição do desenvolvimento de processos participativos fomentados pelas atividades de EA em Fernando de Noronha para a formação de pessoas comprometidas com a melhoria das condições socioambientais de seu lugar e com a cidadania planetária. Apresentou elementos que podem contribuir com os processos de qualificação da participação e subsidiar ações, projetos, programas e políticas públicas de EA comprometidas com a transição para sociedades sustentáveis. Em relação à participação no contexto escolar evidenciaram-se dois processos simultâneos e complementares: o fortalecimento de espaços instituídos e o exercício e estímulo da dimensão subjetiva da participação. Apontou que a Educação Ambiental e, em especial, a participação, nos processos educadores ambientalistas pode contribuir e fomentar a necessária transformação da comunidade escolar. Foram sugeridos três processos simultâneos para fortalecer a EA na Ilha: a) formação continuada de educadores ambientais locais, comunidade em geral e tomadores de decisão; b) enraizamento da EA nas instituições; c) construção de políticas públicas na área e ambientalização de outras políticas. Por fim, foi proposta a criação de um Projeto Político Pedagógico (PPP) do Distrito de Fernando de Noronha como estratégia para fortalecer, formular e implantar políticas públicas de EA comprometidas com um território educador e educado ambientalmente. A continuidade desta pesquisa de doutorado poderia se dar por meio da construção e formulação de políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental (dentre as quais o PPP do Distrito) e na ambientalização de outras políticas em Fernando de Noronha. Em paralelo, analisar este processo à luz de suas contribuições para a transformação territorial no sentido da construção de sociedades sustentáveis. A pesquisa também fortalece a necessidade da continuidade das pesquisas relacionadas às contribuições da Educação Ambiental para a comunidade escolar e sobre políticas públicas de Educação Ambiental.The construction of transition processes for sustainable societies involves, among others, the creation and strengthening of participatory democracies. Environmental Education (EE) has the commitment to social transformation; so, what would be the EE potential in promoting and strengthening the participatory processes? The research focus of this work was the environmental education in school context and its educational fostering of the people and institutional articulation potential of the territory. The general objective of the research was to contribute to the improvement of environmental education public policies committed to strengthening the participation in the schools and construction of sustainable societies. The specific objectives were to analyze contributions of environmental education activities to improve participation, people school learning and to strengthen school/community relationship. The peculiar research place of Fernando de Noronha - PE - Brazil, an archipelago, has two conservation units and situations of effective and potential socio-environmental impact. The qualitative research dialogues with intervention research and ethnographic research. The techniques of data collection used were: document analysis, participant observation, educational intervention and semi-structured interviews. The analyzes were made from the triangulation of techniques and subjects, dialoguing with theoretical references on environmental education, participation, school education and public policies. The results evidenced the contribution of participatory processes promoted by the EE activities in Fernando de Noronha to people formation committed to the improvement of the socioenvironmental conditions of their territory and planetary citizenship. Some outlines presented can contribute to the improvement of participatory processes and subsidize EE actions, projects, programs and public policies committed to the transition to sustainable societies. In relation to the participation in the school context, there were two simultaneous and complementary processes: the strengthening of established spaces and the exercise and stimulation of the subjective dimension of participation. It was pointed out that environmental education and, in particular, participation in environmental education processes, can contribute to foster the school community transformation. Three simultaneous processes to strengthen EE in the island is suggested: a) continuous training of local environmental educators, community in general and decision makers; B) rooting of EE in institutions; C) construction of public policies in the area and the \"environmentalization\" of other policies. Finally, it was proposed the creation of a Political Pedagogical Project (PPP) in the District of Fernando de Noronha as a strategy to strengthen, formulate, and implement EE public policies committed to the environmentally educated territory. The continuity of this doctoral research could be done by means of the construction and formulation of public policies of Environmental Education (among which the District\'s PPP) and the \"environmentalization\" of other policies in Fernando de Noronha. At the same time, to analyze the contributions of this process to territorial transformation towards construction of sustainable societies. The results also strengthens the need for research continuity related to the contributions of Environmental Education to the school community and to the EE public policies.
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Markovic, Sonja. "Have you "bean" thinking about us? : A Policy Analysis on How the Seed Production System of Small-Scale Farmers in Ladakh Are Recognised in Indian National Seed Policies." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för geovetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-434104.
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The aim of this study is twofold; To analyse and understand how well small-scale farmers seed production system from i.e Ladakh, India have been recognised in the 1966 seed policy bill and compare it with the newly released 2019 seed policy draft as well as examining potential effects if the draft is enacted. This has been done by using a post-structural policy analysis developed by Carol Bacchi and Susan Goodwin called “What is the problem represented to be”. The method has enabled for an in-depth and critical examination of the two policies in relation to the posed research questions. To be able to put the result into context and answer the questions, an analytical framework made frompost-structuralism, power relations and literature review is explained. This study concludes the problem representation to be the same for both policies, being disbelief in farmers seed production system, and that it is of disadvantage for the small-scale farmers in relation to seeds in Ladakh. This, due to its definitions and expressions of farmers and the liberal/neoliberal reasoning. Instead, the reasoning gives advantage to seed dealers and companies by favouriting Intellectual Property Rightsand a free market over farmers seed production systems and knowledges. Furthermore, this revelation resulted in a low representation for the small-scale farmers in Ladakh as they are viewed as inept of providing seeds of good quality to the market. It has also been noted that Ladakh as a remote area does not receive any special attention regarding their unique high-mountainous climate. Conclusively, the policies tend to subject all areas and farmers in India in a homogenous manner which is problematic in terms of rationality and perspectives in the policies. The lack of recognition for smallscale farmers in Ladakh and their seed production system increases the risk of further environmentaldegradation, loss heirloom seeds connected to culture and traditions and an increase of dependency onlow-land India. The author concludes that it is of relevant that small-scale farmers knowledges, not only from Ladakh, regarding seed production are incorporated in the policies. This, to eradicate on its homogeneous and inequality traits as well to minimize threatening scenarios that might result from a liberal agenda.
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Garcia, Claudia Lorena Esquivel. "Energia eólica no setor elétrico brasileiro segundo a perspectiva do direito ambiental: análise comparada e integrações regionais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-20092018-101602/.
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O presente trabalho aborda em primeira instância as contribuições do direito ambiental e sua dimensão axiológica a partir do princípio de desenvolvimento sustentável, no processo de construção do modelo ambientalmente harmônico no setor elétrico. Isto segundo o viés da teoria da justiça aplicada ao direito ambiental é afirmar, identificando os elementos de justiça ambiental, a sua importância na consolidação do arcabouço normativo aplicável à energia eólica. Posteriormente efetua-se a analise da ação racional dos Estados e da sociedade internacional perante o fenômeno de mudança climática, como causa relevante a partir da qual se institucionalizam as políticas públicas que viabilizam a inserção da fonte eólica, como elemento legitimador, da ação de planejamento do setor elétrico, com o viés do tratamento dos bens comuns; para o qual se estrutura um cenário tendencial e outro cenário sustentável do recurso eólico no caso brasileiro. Nesta mesma linha se avalia a importância da supranacionalidade e a intergovernabilidade em termos de vinculação jurídica dos estados membros, com a consequente relativização do conceito de soberania e seu efeito nas integrações regionais do Mercosul e da União Europeia, e seu efeito no comportamento da energia eólica, entendida como elemento relevante da transição energética. Finalmente, revisa-se comparativamente o modelo normativo estruturado vinculante para a energia eólica na Alemanha, na França, na Espanha e na Colômbia para a fonte eólica e o grau de segurança jurídica, assim como o nível de risco regulatório, considerando a abrupta inserção de elementos competitivos para aumentar os incentivos regulatórios.This work addresses the contribution of environmental law and its axiological dimension, beginning from the principle of sustainable development in the construction process of the harmonious environmentally model in the electrical sector. This is explained through applied justice theory to environmental law, by identifying elements of environmental justice and its relevance to the consolidation of regulatory framework applied to wind energy. Subsequently, the interaction between the states and the international community before the climate change phenomenon is analyzed as an important cause from which the public policies are institutionalized allowing the introduction of wind power as a legitimating element for planning in the electrical sector through the common goods. For this, a tendential scenario and another sustainable scenario of the wind resource in the Brazilian case are structured. In this regard, the importance of supranationalism and intergovernamentalism in terms of legal link of the member states are evaluated, with the consequent relativization of the concept of sovereignty and its effect on the regional integrations of Mercosur and the European Union and the effect on wind energy, understood it as a relevant element of energetic transition. Finally, I make a comparative review of the binding normative model for wind power generation in Germany, France, Spain and Colombia, and the degree of legal security, as well as the level of regulatory risk considering the abrupt insertion of competitive elements to have access to regulatory incentives.
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Santos, Paulo Sérgio Melo dos. "Planejando o desenvolvimento local sustentável : proposta de um sistema integrado de gestão ambiental urbano SIGAU no município de Laranjeiras/SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2010. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/4133.
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The environmental crisis established nowadays is a consequence of widespread natural degradation that has been going on during the last few decades. This crisis has several
consequences for the contemporary societies, in different levels of influence: social, cultural and economic. The complexity of the network of causal relations involving the environmental crisis reaches, among others things, the urban centers. The municipality of Laranjeiras, State of Sergipe, has received a significant industrial boost at the beginning of the 1980s as a consequence of several developmental policies during the dictatorial period. Laranjeiras economic growth was mainly due to the mining industries located in the area. Although it possesses one of the highest per capita incomes in the state (achieved through industrial tax collection and royalties), Laranjeiras has a poverty incidence of 61%, and a great number of basic structural problems, such as lack of a sewer system and high unemployment and criminality rates. This contradictory scenario is clearly related to inefficient local public policies that are unable to manage the environmental and social problems caused by the mining industries. Considering this, the present study aims to develop an Integrated System of Urban Environmental Gestation (SIGAU), which has as central goal of improving the decision making process among the technical team and policy managers of Laranjeiras, mainly regarding the environmental issue. In specific terms, this means: selecting sustainable indicators that would help in the municipal management and planning related to a sustainable development; consider social, physical-space, environmental, economic and institutional
dimensions in the urban management and planning in an integrated way; and finally, apply methods as a way to reach the ´´sustainability point´´ of different municipal indicators. In
general terms it means this work is based on applied, exploratory and analytical procedures. The study is built on two analytical bases: a qualitative-intuitive one, and a more quantitativesystemic one. The data was collected by carrying out a survey in pre-existing databases, such as: Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE), Laranjeiras´ City Hall (PML), CONDEM, ADEMA, IPHAN. The SIGAU uses the Participative Planning of the State, as well as the municipal Participatory Master, to favor the selection of sustainable indicators. An integrated evaluation was performed through the Decision Making Aid based on Multi-criteria Methods (MCDA). To measure the extent of Laranjeiras´ sustainability, the UNESCO method was applied. Lastly, to assist the selection of municipal projects the MACBETH tool was used, wich was based on GESPÚBLICA data for your implementation. The results presented here show that Laranjeiras has an unacceptable balance showing an urgent need for effective
public policies directed to sort a local sustainable evelopment. Meanwhile, the proposed SIGAU cannot give up of the system´s gear key-point: the popular involvement. Decentralization should also be encouraged and cultivated in public administration, making the whole process more transparent and attractive for all social actors. The community must discover the SIGAU, they should participate, acting in a representative way through civil society. This is the only way the SIGAU could work more efficiently and achieve the optimal
balance.A crise ambiental é efeito de uma série de danos ambientais praticados em todo o mundo e vem se intensificando nas últimas décadas. Ela trouxe diversas conseqüências para as sociedades contemporâneas, em diferentes níveis de influência: social, cultural e econômica. Além de problemas urbanos relacionados à ocupação do espaço físico e a manutenção da qualidade de vida das pessoas. O município de Laranjeiras, Estado de Sergipe, recebeu um investimento industrial significativo no início dos anos 1980, como conseqüência das diversas políticas desenvolvimentistas do período ditatorial. As indústrias de mineração são responsáveis pelo crescimento econômico do município, que apesar de ter uma das maiores rendas per capitas do Estado (através da arrecadação de impostos e royalties), tem uma incidência de 61% de pobreza, e um grande número de problemas estruturais básicos, como a falta de uma rede de tratamento de esgoto, e altas taxas de desemprego e criminalidade. Considerando esse quadro, o presente estudo propôs um Sistema Integrado de Gestão Ambiental Urbano (SIGAU), buscando auxiliar na melhoria do processo decisório das equipes técnicas e dos gestores das políticas públicas de Laranjeiras, dando ênfase a questão ambiental. Em termos específicos, selecionar indicadores de sustentabilidade relevantes para o processo de planejamento e gestão municipal com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentável; incorporar as dimensões sociais, físico-espaciais, ambientais, econômicas e institucionais aos processos de planejamento e gestão urbana de forma integrada; e aplicar metodologias que possibilitem a obtenção do ponto de sustentabilidade dos diferentes indicadores no município. Em termos gerais, os procedimentos metodológicos deste trabalho foram baseados tanto em técnicas de pesquisa aplicada quanto analítica. Para tanto, esse estudo foi construído sobre duas bases analíticas: uma mais qualitativa e intuitiva, e outra mais quantitativa e sistemática. Os dados foram coletados através de levantamento em banco de dados como: IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística), Prefeitura Municipal de Laranjeiras (PML), Administração da Defesa do Meio Ambiente (ADEMA) e Instituto do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico Nacional (IPHAN). O SIGAU utiliza o Planejamento Participativo do Estado e do Plano Diretor Participativo do município para subsidiar a seleção dos indicadores de sustentabilidade. A avaliação integrada foi realizada através de Metodologias Multicritérios de Apoio à Decisão (MCDA). Para mensurar o ponto de sustentabilidade do município foi utilizada a Metodologia da Unesco. Finalmente, para ajudar na escolha de projetos municipais a serem aplicados, usou-se a ferramenta MACBETH, que contou com dados do GESPÚBLICA para sua aplicação. Os resultados obtidos indicam que Laranjeiras tem um ponto de desequilíbrio inaceitável, o que demonstra a clara necessidade de políticas públicas efetivas para o desenvolvimento local sustentável. Neste ínterim, a proposta de um SIGAU não pode abrir mão de uma peça fundamental na engrenagem do sistema: a participação popular. A descentralização também deve ser encorajada e cultivada na gestão pública, tornando todo o processo mais transparente. A comunidade deve descobrir o SIGAU e participar dele, além de, obviamente, atuar de forma representativa através da sociedade civil organizada. Só assim poderemos ver o SIGAU funcionando de forma eficiente, dando ao município um ponto de equilíbrio aceitável.
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Crispim, I. M. M. "Sustentabilidade ambiental: com foco na eficiência da energia elétrica na Universidade Federal de Goiás – Regional Catalão." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2016. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/6479.
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The energetic, political and economic crisis in which Brazil has been going through, stirred the interest in presenting an insight into the importance of environmental sustainability and energetic efficiency in the premises of UFG -Regional Catalão. The objective of this work is to identify initiatives on practical studies existing on the subject, providing a framework of information that will help the university to create and implement an energetic efficiency management plan. For this, we used the observatory research, literature and documents. The results showed that the UFG -RC does not have many actions to the proposed theme. And finally, pointed viable alternatives to implementing practices aimed at environmental sustainability with a focus on energy efficiency in the institution.
A crise energética, política e econômica pelas quais o Brasil vem passando, despertou o interesse em apresentar uma visão sobre a importância sustentabilidade ambiental com foco em eficiência energética nas instalações da Universidade Federal de Goiás - Regional Catalão (UFG-RC). O objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar iniciativas relacionadas sobre a necessidade e importância de ações voltadas à eficiência energética, adotadas pelas instituições de ensino superior em funcionamento, que podem ser replicadas. Para isso, utilizou-se de pesquisa bibliográfica, documental e observacional. Os resultados mostraram que a UFG-RC ainda não possui muitas ações voltadas ao tema proposto. Diante disto, foram apontadas alternativas viáveis para implementação de práticas voltadas a sustentabilidade ambiental com foco na eficiência energética na Instituição.
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Aquino-Ferreira, Roseli de [UNESP]. "Memória e História do Programa USP Recicla: contribuições para a construção de uma Universidade Sustentável." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/144683.
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A sociedade se torna cada vez mais autocrítica e reflexiva no tocante as questões ambientais e os movimentos nesse sentido contribuem para o grande desafio de promover mudanças que estimulem o engajamento num processo contínuo de novas leituras, interpretações e ações de fortalecimento de práticas sustentáveis. Assim, a Universidade de São Paulo (USP) passou a divulgar seu compromisso para uma visão global e crítica dos problemas ambientais nos campi, mostrando-se comprometida com a formulação de ações para o envolvimento de diversas instâncias e Unidades dessa instituição de ensino superior (IES), com o intuito de repensar práticas sociais e ambientais que compreendessem as inter-relações dos problemas, soluções e responsabilidades na construção de uma Universidade Sustentável. Em nosso entendimento, a Universidade deve contribuir para a formação de profissionais/cidadãos críticos e habilitados para atuarem sobre as questões socioambientais, proporcionando a melhoria da qualidade de vida para comunidade universitária, do seu entorno e da sociedade em geral. Nesse contexto, a USP promove o Programa USP Recicla que se propõe a estimular valores na direção da sustentabilidade socioambiental em sua comunidade universitária, estabelecendo uma grande teia de trabalho. Esse programa permanente da Universidade foi institucionalizado em 1994 e desde então atua em seus campi, atingindo atores para a melhoria da qualidade ambiental e de vida, promovendo, ainda, marcantes vivências de Educação Ambiental e de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos nos campi envolvidos. Essas vivências desempenham um papel de fundamental importância para a sensibilização e conscientização que, por sua vez passam a contribuir de modo concreto para a gestão ambiental nos ambientes universitários. Diante do exposto, propomos um projeto que teve por objetivo registrar a história e a trajetória do programa com o intuito de apontar suas concepções e percurso e ainda discutir a atuação do Programa USP Recicla, considerando sua efetiva participação para a implantação de uma Universidade Sustentável; analisar sua contribuição para a formação de educadores ambientais nos campi da USP e; analisar o Programa USP Recicla quanto ao seu propósito teórico inicial e sua efetiva ação para o estimulo à elaboração de Políticas Públicas de Educação Ambiental e Sustentabilidade na Universidade. Ao investigar a ação educativa do Programa USP Recicla, foi almejado preencher uma lacuna no campo de conhecimento da área de formação em Educação Ambiental, principalmente no que tange a formação de educadores fora do ambiente escolar. Assim, as memórias de 41 atores (12 docentes, 24 funcionários e 5 alunos) do Programa USP Recicla foram registradas, através da metodologia da história oral, buscando compor a narrativa da história e da trajetória do Programa. Compreender e registrar as visões, sentimentos e práticas de pessoas e grupos são formas poderosas de difundir conhecimento e construir fontes alternativas para a compreensão e análise de processos históricos, possibilitando a revisão dos valores e direcionando novas condutas para um sentido social, cultural e ambiental mais amplo e significativo, que pode ainda estimular valores e comportamentos voltados para o desenvolvimento de sociedades sustentáveis.
The society becomes increasingly self-critical and reflective regarding environmental issues and moves accordingly contribute to the challenge of promoting changes that encourage engagement in a continuous process of new readings, interpretations and strengthen sustainable practices actions. Thus, the University of São Paulo (USP) began to publish its commitment to a comprehensive and critical view of environmental problems on campi, being committed to the development of actions for the involvement of various bodies and units of this institution of higher education (IES), in order to rethink social and environmental practices to understand the interrelationships of problems, solutions and responsibilities in building a sustainable university. In our view, the University should contribute to the training of professionals and empowered citizens to act on environmental issues, providing improved quality of life for the university community, its environment and society in general. In this context, USP promotes USP Recicla program that aims to encourage values and behaviors proenvironmentals in the university community, establishing a great web work. This permanent program at the University was institutionalized in 1994 and since then acts on the seven campi of USP, reaching actors to improve environmental quality and of life, promoting also striking experiences of Environmental Education and Solid Waste Integrated Management on campuses involved . Such experiences play a role of fundamental importance for the awareness and consciousness that in turn start to contribute in a concrete way for environmental management in university environments. Given the above, we propose a project that aimed to record the history and the program's path in order to point out their views and route and also discuss the performance of the USP Recicla Program, considering their effective participation to the implementation of a Sustainable University; analyze their contribution to the formation of environmental educators on campus and the USP; analyze the USP Recicla Program about their initial theoretical purpose and effective action to stimulate the development of Public Policies for Environmental Education and Sustainability at the University. When investigating the educational activities of USP Recicla Program was sought to fill a gap in the training area of the field of knowledge in environmental education, especially regarding the training of educators outside the school environment. Thus, the memories of 41 players (12 teachers, 24 employees and 5 students) USP Recicla Program were recorded through oral history methodology, trying to compose the narrative of history and the program's path. Understand and record the views, feelings and practices of individuals and groups are powerful ways to spread knowledge and build alternative sources for understanding and analysis of historical processes, enabling the revision of the values and guiding new behaviors for a social sense, cultural and environmental more broad and significant, that can also stimulate values and behaviors aimed at the development of sustainable societies.
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Moreira, Austelino Silva. "Gestão de residuos sólidos no Municipio da Praia-Proposta de uma gestão sustentável." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/15348.
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A gestão dos resíduos sólidos é um grande desafio que as administrações municipais
enfrentam, que exige a concepção e implementação de um programa de gestão integrada dos
resíduos, baseado em critérios ambientais, sanitários e económicos claramente definidos. O
presente trabalho tem como objectivo a identificação dos constrangimentos com que lidam os
serviços municipais de saneamento e a apresentação de alternativas para a Gestão de Resíduos
Sólidos no Concelho da Praia – Cabo Verde, bem como uma proposta de gestão de RSU
considerado viavel para o municipio. Partiu-se do pressuposto que a implementação de
processos adequados de recolha, acondicionamento, transporte, deposição final dos Resíduos
Sólidos Urbanos, pode constituir uma via para minimizar os impactos negativos sobre o
ambiente no município e que o envolvimento de todos os actores e acima de tudo do
munícipe, pode viabilizar o melhoramento da Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos. A pesquisa
caracteriza-se como exploratória e discritiva; esploratória por se pretender dar uma visão do
processo de Gestão de Resíduos Sólidos no município e se propor investigar processos
alternativos ao mesmo. Descritiva porque será estudado e caracterizado o nível de
atendimento que os serviços municipais prestam e as atitudes e comportamentos da
população. Para efectivar a pesquisa foram realizadas: uma pesquisa documental e
bibliográfica; entrevistas a responsáveis e técnicos de diferentes serviços; trabalhos de campo.
Os resultados apontam para a necessidade de implementação de um programa que: i) permita
o conhecimento e a caracterização minuciosa dos tipos de resíduos e quantidades geradas no
município; ii) garanta a recolha, transporte e deposição adequada dos resíduos; iii) inclua uma
vertente de sensibilização e educação ambiental; ABSTRACT: The management of solid residues is a big challenge that municipal administrations face, it
requires the conception and implementation of na integrated program of management of
residues, based on clear defined environmental, sanitary and economical criteria. The present
work has as main goal the identificationof constraints that sanitations municipal services deal
with, and the presentation of alternatives for solid residues management in Praia region –
Cape Verd, as well as a proposal of Urban Solid Residues considered sustainable for the
municipality. It was supported based on the presupposed that the implementation of
appropriate process of gathering, conditioning, conveyance, final deposition of Urban solid
residues, can constitute a way to minimize negative impacts on the municipal environment
and the involvement of all actors and above all of every townsman, can turn feasible the
improvementof solid residues management.The research is characterized as explorative and
descriptive; explorative because it claims to give a vision of the solid residues management
process in the municipality, and it intends to investigate alternative process of the that
one.Descriptive because it will be studied and characterized the level of treatment that the
minicipal services offer and the population`s attitude.To turn real this research it was realized:
a documental and biographical research; interviews to responsable and technicians of
defferent services, work in the field.The results pointed to a necessity of implementation of a
program that: i) allows the knowledge and the precise characterization of types of residues
and generated quantity in the municipality; ii) warranty the gathering, transportation and
appropriate deposition of residues; iii) include a slope of sensibility and environmental
education.
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Al-Ghorbany, Amer [Verfasser], and Michael [Akademischer Betreuer] Schmidt. "The potential of strategic environmental assessment for integrated and sustainable water resources management in the Republic of Yemen : Scenario-based strategic assessment of the water resources policies adopted in ‘Yemen’s Strategic Vision 2025’ [[Elektronische Ressource]] / Amer Al-Ghorbany. Betreuer: Michael Schmidt." Cottbus : Universitätsbibliothek der BTU Cottbus, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1050709330/34.
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Lira, Suzete Araújo de. "Reserva de desenvolvimento sustentável do Tupé: avaliação de condições socioambientais da comunidade Nossa Senhora do Livramento, Manaus - AM." Universidade Federal do Amazonas, 2014. http://tede.ufam.edu.br/handle/tede/4306.
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FAPEAM - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas
The protected areas are seen as mechanisms for preservation and conservation of natural resources with significant interest to the society. Considered instruments of the National Environmental Policy, in order to preserve, enhance and restore the environmental quality provides life, to ensure conditions for socioeconomic development, the interests of national security and the protection of the dignity of human life. The deployment of PAs as a sustainability strategy for various Brazilian regions leads us to reflect on the relationship between human development and democratization of the tools of environmental policies, especially around every Brazilian scenario in its importance and visibility for local people and its surroundings. The RDS areas that are home to populations whose existence is based on sustainable systems of exploitation of natural resources which play an important role in protecting nature and biodiversity maintenance at the same time were effectively contribute to addressing climate change. In this sense, the main objective of this work is "Evaluate the environmental conditions in the way of life of community residents Our Lady of Deliverance of Sustainable Development Reserve Tupé (RDS / Tupe), the municipality of Manaus / AM," the locus of research. To this end, work has been done through an exploratory approach of qualitative and quantitative nature, with indirect observation techniques, semi-structured interviews with eleven (11) residents and the technical manager responsible for managing the reserve, as well as bibliographic / documentary references (the Plan being Management and Public Use Plan and compilation of the laws of Networks Tupé, some of the main sources that were analyzed). The work resulted in the implementation of sustainable use reserves is essential to achieving sustainable development for communities. However, the effectiveness of the actions and targets have proved to be fragmented, despite all the advances in the adoption of strategies and instruments, These fragmentations are expressed in the difficulties experienced in the way of life of residents, verified the existence of the fragility of autonomy of residents , communities have difficulties to organize politically, and political organization does not come from government comes from the demands and needs faced in day to day upon the objective conditions of these communities. The way policies are made possible need to be reassessed, and planning and management for the effectiveness of the legal rule on RDS make up, requires changes in the performance of the administration and management of the state to effectively integrate with the local population and adapt it the environmental reality of people entered in this space. At the most, implies the formulation of strategies in order to enable new investments for the implementation and application of systems of PAs, otherwise communities present in these protected areas are facing increasingly untenable environmental conditions, and environmental protection will remain in discourse .
As Unidades de Conservação são tidas como mecanismos de preservação e conservação dos recursos naturais com relevante interesse para a sociedade. Consideradas instrumentos da Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente, com objetivo de preservar, melhorar e recuperar a qualidade ambiental propicia à vida, visando assegurar condições ao desenvolvimento socioeconômico, aos interesses da segurança nacional e à proteção da dignidade da vida humana. A implantação das UCs como uma estratégia de sustentabilidade para diversos territórios brasileiro nos leva a refletir sobre a relação do desenvolvimento humano e a democratização dos instrumentos das políticas ambientais, com destaque em todo em todo cenário brasileiro a sua importância e visibilidade para as populações locais e do seu entorno. As RDS são áreas que abriga populações cuja existência baseia-se em sistemas sustentáveis de exploração dos recursos naturais que desempenham importante papel na proteção da natureza e na manutenção da biodiversidade, ao mesmo tempo contribuem de foram efetiva para o enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas. Neste sentido o objetivo central deste trabalho é “Avaliar as condições socioambientais no modo de vida dos moradores da comunidade Nossa Senhora do Livramento da Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável do Tupé (RDS/Tupé), do município de Manaus/AM”, locus de pesquisa. Para tanto, foi feito trabalho mediante uma abordagem exploratória de natureza qualitativo e quantitativo, com técnicas de observação indireta, entrevistas semi estruturadas com 11 (onze) moradores e o gestor técnico responsável pela administração da reserva, bem como referencias bibliográfica/documental (sendo o Plano de Manejo e Plano de Uso Público e o coletânea das leis da Redes do Tupé, algumas das principais fontes que foram analisadas). O trabalho resultou que a implantação da reserva de uso sustentável é imprescindível para a sustentabilidade do desenvolvimento para as comunidades. No entanto, a efetivação das ações e metas revelaram-se fragmentadas, mesmo diante de todas os avanços na adoção de estratégias e instrumentos, Essas fragmentações são expressas nas dificuldades vivenciadas no modo de vida dos moradores, constatado a existência da fragilidade de autonomia dos moradores, as comunidades tem dificuldades para se organizar politicamente, e a organização política não vem do poder público vem das demandas e necessidades enfrentadas no dia a dia em cima das condições objetivas destas comunidades. A forma como as políticas são viabilizadas precisam ser reavaliadas, quanto ao planejamento e gerenciamento para que a efetividade da norma jurídica sobre as RDS se efetue, requer mudanças na atuação da administração e gestão do Estado para integrar com efetividade a população local e adaptá-la a realidade socioambiental das populações inseridas nesse espaço. No mais, implica na formulação de estratégias, de modo a viabilizar novos investimentos para a implementação e aplicação dos sistemas das UCs, do contrário as comunidades presentes nestas áreas de proteção estarão diante de condições socioambientais cada vez mais insustentáveis, e a proteção ambiental permanecerá no discurso.
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Abba, Souleymane Aïssata. "La protection juridique de l’environnement urbain au Niger : le cas de Niamey." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30001.
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Pour certains, liés au sous-développement, pour d’autres, rattachés béatement à la longue marche vers l’industrialisation, les problèmes d’environnement et d’urbanisation s’imposent, de par leur acuité, à toutes les « consciences ». La dégradation de l’environnement urbain est indéniable. Toutefois, quand ils ne sont pas inexistants, la juridicisation des préoccupations de l’environnement urbain et le discours politique se montrent impotents. Le Niger, à l’instar de toute l’Afrique, invite à vouer sa lucidité à une réflexion : comment régir l’urbanisation et assurer un environnement sain et de qualité ? Ainsi, la protection juridique de l’environnement urbain au Niger renvoie à l’analyse des problèmes d’urbanisation et des préoccupations d’environnement, eu égard à la mise en œuvre du droit. Dans la ville de Niamey, les atteintes à l’environnement, bien connues, offrent un « spectacle » de désolation, affectant insidieusement la nature et la vie. Elles menacent la santé des populations, tout en contribuant à engendrer la perte de la qualité de vie. A la croisée des enjeux socio-économiques, les prescriptions juridiques en matière de protection et d’amélioration du cadre de vie sont difficilement applicables. Les divergences politico-institutionnelles, les conflits de lois, la permanence des droits traditionnels et la pesanteur découlant de certaines pratiques culturelles sont à l’origine d’une complexité, que révèlent les limites du système juridique de protection du milieu urbain. Notre présente production ambitionne d’analyser le droit et les principes qui régissent le développement urbain et les préoccupations de l’environnement à travers l’évolution de la protection de l’environnement urbain dans la ville de Niamey, tout en situant la place accordée à la protection de l’environnement dans les politiques publiquesFor some, related to the underdevelopment, for others, attached blissfully to long walk towards the industrialisation, the problems of environment and urbanisation are essential, from their acuity, with all the “consciences”. The degradation of the urban environment is undeniable. , when they are not non-existent, the juridicisation of the concerns of the urban environment and the political discourse show cripples. Niger, following the example of all Africa, invites to dedicate its clearness with a reflection: how to govern the urbanisation and to ensure a healthy environment and of quality ? Thus, the legal protection of the urban environment in Niger returns to the analysis of the problems of urbanisation and the concerns of environment, in view of the implementation of the right. In the town of Niamey, the attacks with the environment, well-known, offer a “show” of desolation, insidiously affecting nature and the life. They threaten pubic health, while contributing to generate the loss of quality of life. With the crossing of the socio-economic challenges, the legal regulations protection improvement of living environment are not easily applicable. The politico-institutional divergences, the conflicts of laws, the permanence of the traditional rights and gravity rising from some practical cultural are at the origin of a complexity, which reveals the limits of the legal system of protection of urban environment. Our present production aims to analyze the right and the principles which govern the developement urban and the concerns of the environment through the evolution of environmental protection urban in the town of Niamey, while locating the place of environmental protection in the public policies
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Razafindrabe, Alexandra Malala. "L'analyse de l'impact des politiques forestières. Cas de Madagascar." Thesis, La Réunion, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LARE0010.
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Madagascar est dans cette situation où la difficile gestion des ressources forestières, à cause d'un certain nombre de facteurs liés à la pauvreté des populations, mène à des pertes forestières annuelles considérables. La principale interrogation que nous soulevons dans ce contexte est alors relative à l'impact des politiques forestières qui y sont menées, avec pour objectif d'aboutir à une gestion durable des ressources forestières. Cette thèse de doctorat s'intéresse donc aux effets induits par ces politiques et cherche à savoir si elles répondent réellement aux enjeux posés par le contexte dans lequel elles sont appliquées. Il est donc primordial de définir des modèles d'analyse à plusieurs niveaux, du national au local, de la vision macroéconomique, en passant par le point de vue de l'individu. Pour ce faire, nous utilisons une matrice de comptabilité sociale étendue à l'environnement, une variante de la méthode DEA (data envelopment analysis), un modèle logit, un modèle à équations structurelles avec variables latentes, des séries temporelles et un modèle réduit d'équilibre général calculable. Les principales conclusions sont celles selon lesquelles les acteurs locaux ne sont pas encore suffisamment concernés par la gestion des ressources forestières dont pourtant ils dépendent indéniablement et par ailleurs, les résultats obtenus des politiques restent mitigés, qu'il s’agisse de la politique de taxation ou celle de conservation à laquelle on associe des activités comme l'écotourismeMadagascar meets a difficult situation regarding forest resources management. Actually, several factors linked to poverty lead to important forest losses each year. In this context, the main question to be tackled with is related to the impact of forest policies implemented in the country, in the aim to achieve a sustainable management in the long run. This thesis deals with the effects involved by these policies and tries to determine whether these policies really give responses to the issues of forest management in Madagascar. Consequently, two points of view have to be taken into consideration: the national one and the local one, through the defintion of macroeconomic and individual models. This analysis uses a social and environmental accounting matrix, the data envelopment analysis method, a logit model, a structural equations model, time series and a reduced computable general equilibrium model. The main conclusions emerging from the studies have given the evidence of the low degree of the Malagasy local actors'involvement in the resources management in spite of their dependence upon it. Besides, empirical results have also shown that all policies are not yet efficient enough
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Araújo, Rita de Cássia Machado. "Sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão da sede do Sebrae, em Salvador: como integrar novas práticas?" Escola de Administração da Universidade Federal da Bahia, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/19631.
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A sustentabilidade é muito mais do que uma agenda ambiental. Ser sustentável não é apenas ser “verde” ou pensar na preservação do meio ambiente. É um conjunto de práticas e ações que se mostrem perene e sejam replicáveis na estratégia da organização. O presente trabalho objetiva verificar as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae-BA. A necessidade de identificar práticas ambientais desenvolvidas pelo Sebrae deu início à fase exploratória da pesquisa, de caráter qualitativo, com estudo de caso e um aporte teórico descritivo que, somados aos resultados das visitas ao campo, estudos sobre sustentabilidade no âmbito das organizações, contribuíram para responder à principal questão de partida: Quais são as práticas que podem potencializar a inserção da sustentabilidade ambiental na gestão interna do Sebrae, em Salvador? Para responder a essa pergunta, utilizou-se a seguinte combinação de técnicas: pesquisa bibliográfica, pesquisa de campo, averiguação de trabalhos já realizados, conhecimentos prévios e casos de experiências bem-sucedidas efetivadas no Centro Sebrae de Sustentabilidade, Sebrae-MT e Sebrae-ES. A aplicação de um instrumento de coleta de dados (questionário estruturado e semiestruturado) direcionado aos colaboradores da unidade Sebrae em questão possibilitou traçar recomendações propositivas. Nesta perspectiva, o caminho metodológico escolhido levou ao desenvolvimento de uma proposta de ação para integrar novas práticas sustentáveis, considerando a responsabilidade ambiental na gestão estratégica interna. Dentre os resultados obtidos com a pesquisa, percebe-se que existem várias maneiras do Sebrae-BA mostrar-se atuante quanto à conservação do meio ambiente e solidária quanto à garantia de vida futura saudável no planeta. Para tanto, é imprescindível o compromisso dos dirigentes, que devem incluir na estratégia da organização a implementação da gestão sustentável e inclusiva com vistas à melhoria contínua do desempenho ambiental, assim como promover ações de conscientização junto aos colaboradores, deste modo, contribuindo com o uso racional e equilibrado dos recursos naturais no desenvolvimento de qualquer atividade, adotando medidas de menor impacto ambiental. Sustainability is much more than an environmental agenda. Be sustainable is not just being "green" or thinking about preserving the environment. Is a set of practices and actions that are perennial and are replicable in the strategy of the organization. The present work aims to check the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae-BA. The need to identify environmental practices developed by Sebrae initiated the exploratory phase of the research, qualitative character, with case study and a theoretical contribution, added to the descriptive results of field visits, studies on sustainability within the organizations, contributed to answer the main question: what are the practices that can foster the integration of environmental sustainability in the internal management of Sebrae in Salvador? To answer that question, we used the following combination of techniques: bibliographical research, field research, investigation of work already carried out, previous knowledge and successful experiences take effect in the center of sustainability Sebrae, Sebrae-MT and Sebrae-ES. The implementation of a data collection instrument (questionnaire structured and semi-structured) directed to employees of the unit concerned, enabled trace Sebrae recommendations propositivas. In this respect, the methodology chosen path has led to the development of a proposal for action to integrate new sustainable practices, considering the environmental responsibility in strategic management. Among the results obtained with the search, there are several ways of Sebrae-BA show active regarding environmental conservation and caring about the future healthy life assurance on the planet. To this end, it is essential the commitment of leaders, who must include in the strategy of the Organization the implementation of sustainable and inclusive management with a view to continual improvement of environmental performance, as well as promote awareness campaigns among the employees, thus contributing to the rational and balanced use of natural resources in the development of any activity, adopting measures to lower environmental impact.
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Waldhoff, Philippe. "Resultados da avaliação do manejo florestal comunitário sobre os meios de vida de seus protagonistas: destaque para conservação ambiental em detrimento a produção e autonomia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-29042015-141256/.
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As mudanças nas políticas públicas ambientais que ocorreram a partir da década de 1990 têm levado comunidades tradicionais a trilharem novos caminhos na busca da adequação aos paradigmas contemporâneos de produção, renda e legalização ambiental. Neste contexto, passa a ser adotado um modelo de manejo florestal comunitário introduzido por agentes externos às comunidades. Este modelo tem sido objeto de avaliações econômicas que apontam para a inviabilidade financeira dos projetos, a despeito de outros benefícios sociais e ambientais. Os objetivos desta tese foram: analisar os desafios vivenciados pelas comunidades tradicionais para se adequarem às novas políticas ambientais e avaliar os resultados de projetos de manejo comunitários em relação aos meios de vidas de seus protagonistas. Será o modelo introduzido manejo florestal viável? Quais os resultados que os projetos que adotaram este modelo alcançaram em relação aos meios de vida? A tese compreende quatro estudos de casos, apresentados em capítulos. As análises e avaliações dos projetos foram realizadas utilizando-se como marco analítico os \"meios de vida sustentáveis\" (capital humano, social, físico, financeiro e natural). O levantamento de dados foi realizado por meio dos métodos de entrevistas, diálogo mediado pela floresta, pesquisa documental e observação participante. Os dados foram analisados com base em análise interpretativa, triangulação de dados, estatística descritiva, análise de variância e testes de médias. O primeiro estudo de caso analisou o projeto de manejo florestal de uma associação comunitária, no município de Boa Vista do Ramos - AM, no seu trajeto de organização social até a obtenção da licença ambiental e da certificação florestal. O segundo estudo, comparou os resultados advindos da extração de madeira entre extratores que desenvolveram projetos de manejo florestal, com os resultados daqueles que permaneceram praticando a extração ilegal de madeira. O terceiro e o quarto estudos de caso foram desenvolvidos na Reserva de Desenvolvimento Sustentável Mamirauá (RDSM). Um avaliando os resultados do manejo florestal comunitário e outro avaliando resultados de um esquema de REDD+ denominado Programa Bolsa Floresta, ambos em relação aos meios de vida de seus protagonistas. Os resultados gerais da pesquisa indicam que o modelo introduzido manejo florestal não se apresenta, ao menos sem um forte suporte externo, como um meio de vida sustentável para as comunidades tradicionais. O capital natural mostrou os melhores resultados e o capital financeiro, os piores. Os resultados indicam um viés das políticas públicas florestais a favor da conservação ambiental em detrimento da produção florestal. Em relação específica ao esquema de REDD+, os moradores da RDSM não o identificam como um mecanismo que contribui com o capital natural, porém, há uma percepção de melhorias relativas aos outros capitais. Conclui-se que: para o manejo florestal comunitário tornar-se um meio de vida sustentável, devem ser centrados esforços em questões de educação e capacitação das populações e valorização dos conhecimentos tradicionais (capital humano); fortalecimento das redes sociais/institucionais e estímulo à participação efetiva (capital social); maior autonomia, equidade e projetos de geração de renda (capital financeiro); para além de projetos que visem prioritariamente à conservação ambiental (capital natural).Changes in environmental policy that have occurred since the 1990s has led traditional communities to tread new paths in search of adaptation to contemporary paradigms of production, income and environmental legalization. In this context, starts to be adopted a model of community forestry introduced by external agents to communities. This model has been the subject of economic evaluations that link to the financial unfeasibility of projects, regardless of other social and environmental benefits. The objectives of this thesis were: analyze the challenges experienced by traditional communities to conform to new environmental policies and evaluate community management projects in relation to the livelihoods of its protagonists. Is the introduced forest management model viable? What results the projects that have adopted this model have achieved in relation to the livelihoods? The thesis comprises four case studies presented in chapters. The analysis and evaluation of the projects were carried out using the \"sustainable livelihoods framework\" (human, social, physical, financial and natural, capitals). The survey was conducted through interviews, forest mediated dialogue, documental research and participant observation. Data were analyzed using interpretative analysis, triangulation, descriptive statistics, analysis of variance and tests for difference of means. The first case study examined the forest management project in a community association, in Boa Vista do Ramos county, Amazonas state, in their path of social organization to obtain the environmental license and forest certification. The second case study compared the results derived from logging between extractors that developed forest management projects, with the results of those who remained practicing illegal logging. The third and fourth case studies were developed within the Mamirauá Sustainable Development Reserve. One evaluating the outcomes of community forest management and other evaluating the outcomes of a REDD+ scheme, called Bolsa Floresta Program, both in relation to the livelihoods of its protagonists. The overall results of the survey indicate that the introduced forest management model does not present itself, at least without strong external support, as a sustainable livelihood for traditional communities. The natural capital showed the best results and financial capital, the worst. The results indicate a bias of forest policy in favor of environmental conservation at the expense of forest production. In specific relation to the REDD + scheme, residents of RDSM not identify it as a mechanism that contributes to the natural capital, however, there is a perception regarding other capital improvements. It is concluded that for the community forest management become a sustainable livelihood, efforts should be focused on issues of education and empowerment of people and appreciation of traditional knowledge (human capital); strengthening social / institutional networks and encouraging effective participation (social capital); greater autonomy, equity and income generating projects (financial capital); in addition to projects that aim primarily to environmental conservation (capital natural).
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VACCHELLI, ORIETTA. "PEDAGOGIA DELL'AMBIENTE: LINEE DI RICERCA DELL'UNIONE EUROPEA SUI TEMI DELL'EDUCAZIONE ALLA SOSTENIBILITA' VERSO EXPO 2015." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/6173.
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La pedagogia dell’ambiente può offrire nuove prospettive interpretative rispetto a talune rilevanti questioni ambientali. Delineando contributi progettuali sostenibili per formare ad una cittadinanza responsabile in una civiltà planetaria, essa dischiude la possibilità di elaborare una cultura della sostenibilità educativa. Significare un nuovo modello di sviluppo, secondo un pensiero pedagogico orientato alla centralità della persona in stretta congiunzione con la dottrina sociale della Chiesa, caratterizza il quadro teorico della tesi.
E’ in questa cornice che si inserisce la presente ricerca, la quale, in una prospettiva pedagogica, compie un’esplorazione orientata ad approfondire il rapporto tra pedagogia e politica dell’ambiente nello scenario dell’Unione Europea.
L’elaborato mira a proporre un’articolata disamina critica delle attuali politiche ambientali europee in merito a ricerca e innovazione dell’istruzione e formazione. L’interpretazione pedagogica di emblematici documenti dell’Unione Europea circa l’educazione allo sviluppo sostenibile evidenzia elementi imprescindibili per delineare una progettazione educativa sostenibile finalizzata a generare un cambiamento culturale nel segno della sostenibilità e per elaborare possibili linee di orientamento rivolte a policy makers.Environmental pedagogy can offer new interpretational perspectives with respect to certain significant environmental issues. By outlining sustainable projects aimed at forming a responsible population in a planetary civilization, environmental pedagogy discloses the possibility to develop a culture of educational sustainability. Representing a new development model, according to a pedagogical thought oriented towards the central nature of the person, in close conjunction with the social doctrine of the Church, characterizes the theoretical picture of the thesis. It is this frame that encloses the present research, which, from a pedagogical perspective, carries out an investigation aimed at deepening the relationship between pedagogy and environmental policy in the scenario of the European Union. The paper intends to propose a well-structured and critical examination of the current European environmental policies on the subject of research and innovation in education and training. The pedagogical interpretation of emblematic documents issued by the European Union concerning education for sustainable development shows elements which are crucial for the purpose of outlining a sustainable educational plan aimed at generating a cultural change in the sign of sustainability and for developing possible guidelines aimed at policymakers.
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Néspoli, Glória Regina Calháo Barini. "Avaliação de impacto à saúde: aplicação e contribuição para a integração de políticas setoriais no Estado de Mato Grosso." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/6/6134/tde-10062010-121031/.
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A formulação de políticas, planos e programas governamentais tem sido conduzida desarticuladamente, sem a necessária participação social e prévia avaliação de seus impactos sobre o ambiente e saúde da população. Como as ferramentas de avaliação de impacto de políticas públicas contribuiriam para a integração dessas políticas com vistas à sustentabilidade? Partindo desse questionamento, trabalhou-se com a hipótese de trabalho de que a gestão pública para a sustentabilidade pressupõe a integração das políticas setoriais, no nível estratégico, o que vai além da avaliação de impactos da política. A gestão pública para a sustentabilidade, nesta pesquisa, refere-se ao processo de formulação e implementação de políticas públicas, em que são avaliados os seus objetivos de sustentabilidade social, ambiental e econômico, considerando o contexto cultural e institucional em que se insere, como forma de operacionalizar os princípios da precaução e da eficiência na administração pública. Os objetivos foram analisar ferramentas de avaliação de políticas, planos e programas (PPPs), como a Avaliação de Impacto à Saúde (AIS), de caráter preventivo, e discutir como essas avaliações contribuem para a integração e eficiência de políticas públicas setoriais. Desenvolvida como um estudo de caso, a pesquisa tratou da avaliação dos impactos potenciais da política florestal de Mato Grosso na saúde de grupos populacionais, utilizando a metodologia EPHIA. Como resultado, o Relatório da Avaliação de Impactos à Saúde trouxe recomendações de ordem institucional e administrativa para incremento da capacidade de gestão do Estado e melhorias no texto da lei que institui a Política Florestal, visando minimizar as desigualdades em saúde. A análise da contribuição dessa avaliação identificou a cadeia de impactos de políticas governamentais, umas sobre as outras, e pontos de desarticulação setorial. Os subsídios resultantes da AIS permitem aos tomadores de decisão avançar na definição de processos de negociação de objetivos e na integração de políticas setoriais, uma transpoliticidade, com vistas ao desenvolvimento sustentávelThe formulation of governmental policies, plans and programs has been conceived quite disconnectedly, without the necessary social participation and previous assessment of its impacts on the environment and people health. How do the assessment tools for public politics impact would contribute for the integration of those policies concerning sustainability? The work started as from this question, with the hypothesis stating that the public management for the sustainability assumes the integration of each field policies, at a strategy level, which passes beyond the policy impacts assessment. The public administration regarding sustainability, in this research, is relative to the process of public policies formulation and implementation, evaluating the aims of social, environmental, and economical sustainability. It also takes into consideration the cultural and institutional context where it belongs, as a way of turning the principles of precaution and the efficiency, operational, in the public administration. The objectives were to analyze the evaluation tools for policies, plans and programs (PPPs), as well as the Health Impact Assessment (HIA), which has a preventive character, and discuss how these evaluations can contribute to the integration and efficiency of field public policies. This research has been developed as a case study, and it analyzed the potential impacts assessment of the forest policy of Mato Grosso State, in groups of people, using the EPHIA methodology. As a result, the Health Impact Assessment Report indicated some institutional and administrative recommendations to improve the State management and the Forest Policy law, trying to minimize the health inequalities. The analysis concerning this assessment contribution identified the impact network of governmental policies, one on the others, as well as some points of sector disarticulation. The subsidies arising from the HIA allowed the ones who make the decisions to go forward in the definition of objective negotiation processes and in the integration of sector policies, transpolicity, aiming at the sustainable development
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Lucas, Marthe. "Étude juridique de la compensation écologique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STRAA029.
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Tentant d’accommoder protection de l’environnement et artificialisation de la nature, les mesures de compensation consistent techniquement à rééquilibrer un dommage écologique par un gain écologique. Imposées juridiquement dans les années 1970, la place de ces dispositifs interroge toujours. Mesures de police administrative par nature, elles s’assimilent à un mode de réparation en dehors de tout régime de responsabilité par leur finalité : remédier en nature aux atteintes causées aux milieux naturels. Échappant à toute définition en dépit de la variété des régimes juridiques actuels, les compensations à visée écologique demeurent inabouties sur le plan juridique. De cette hétérogénéité des régimes juridiques, peut-il émerger un concept unique propre à garantir sa nature curative ? Leur vocation commune est desservie par les indéterminations juridiques dont souffrent ces compensations et qui résident tant dans la pluralité juridique des compensations que dans les défaillances pratiques lors de leur mise en œuvre. Se créé alors un hiatus entre les décisions prises fondées sur une compensation idéalisée, à savoir un instrument de lutte contre la perte de biodiversité, et la réalité des mesures le plus souvent sans équivalence écologique, précaires voire inexistantes. C’est pourquoi il convient de mettre fin à cet amalgame grâce à une caractérisation juridique de ce que devrait être la compensation écologique. Cette tentative de définition s’accompagne d’une exploration des perspectives d’avenir de la compensation écologique notamment sous l’angle d’une mutualisation des sites de compensationThe aim of ecological offsets is to combine environmental protection with the social and economic opportunities of implementing new projects on natural spaces. Technically, these measures involve restoring balance between ecological damages and ecological benefits to be provided for by the ecological offset. Ecological offsets measures became mandatory in the seventies, yet their adequacy is still questioned today. They are administrative policy measures, distinct from liability. Although several different ecological offsets exist, no law explicitly defines them. It appears then very important to know whether it’s possible to draw one global legal definition of ecological offset, in order to assure the achievement of the ecological goals of all this measures: providing effective reparation of the damages caused to the ecosystems. All the more as the lack of legal offset criteria is adding to already existing practical difficulties which may in term bring about the downfall of ecological offset.Actually, though it is widely presented as a legal instrument to reverse the loss of biodiversity; reality shows that this purpose may not be attained, especially because of a lack of unanimous ecological measurement model. That’s why ecological offset deeply needs a legal characterization of what it should be. After this attempt at a definition, the thesis proposes to explore the future of the ecological offset, including the opportunities offered by shared sites of natural remediation
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Bachar, Keira. "L'intégration des dimensions environnementales et sociales dans les pratiques urbaines en Algérie : enjeux et perspectives." Thesis, Le Mans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LEMA3002/document.
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En Algérie, depuis 2001, la notion de développement durable devient l'un des référentiels essentiel des nouvelles orientations politiques et du cadre législatif. de nombreux projets d'amélioration urbaine, d'habitat et d'équipements, ainsi que de grands projets structurants sont lancés, semblant prouver que la volonté des pouvoirs publics d'améliorer les conditions de vie des citoyens est bien réelle.cependant, la question reste posée quant à la pertinence et la cohérence des choix, particulièrement en matière d'aménagement urbain et de gestion du cadre bâti, avec la mise en pratique des objectifs du développement durable qui passe par une prise en compte non seulement de la dimension économique, mais également des dimensions environnementale et sociale.ce projet propose de mettre en lumière les conditions d'élaboration et de production des aménagements urbains en Algérie, en particulier, à travers deux axes de recherche:-le premier porte sur l'harmonisation entre les milieux urbain et naturel, en analysant la ville à partir de sa situation écologique, angle de compréhension et d'étude peu exploré, pouvant offrir des possibilités d'innovation et d'amélioration en matière de développement urbain.-le second préconise la recherche de processus d'habitat et d'aménagement incluant une vision plus large de la signification du terme social, qui dépasserait le modèle standard d''habitat pour catégories sociales démunies pour s'orienter vers un concept améliorant la prise en compte des aspirations et des spécificités sociales des populations, en promouvant des notions telles que bien-être, qualité de l'espace vécu, satisfaction résidentielleSince 2001, the notion of sustainable development becomes one of the essential reference table in new political orientations and legislative framework in Algeria. Many urban improvement projects, housing and equipments, as well as important projects are launched, seeming to prove that the will of public authorities to improve living conditions of citizens isreal. However, the question remains as to the relevance and the coherence of choices, particulary regarding urban planning and built frame management, with the objectives of sustainable development witch taking into account not only the economic dimension, but also environmental and social ones. This work proposes, based on the observation of three cities contexts representing the three major geographical areas of the country (the coast, the highlands and the Sahara) to highlight the conditions of elaboration and production of urban planning in Algeria, particularly through two research areas: - The first one concerns harmonization between urban and natural environments, by analyzing the citie from its ecological situation, angle of understanding and study not really explored, which could provide opportunities for innovation and improvement in urban development. – The second one advocates research of housing and urban planning process including broader view ofmeaning for the term social, which can overtake standard model of housing for deprived social group, and move towards a concept improving the recognition of aspirations and social specifities of populations by promoting notions such as well-being, quality of lived spaces, or residential satisfaction
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Bocarejo, Juan Pablo. "Évaluation économique de l'impact des politiques publiques liées à la mobilité : les cas de Paris, Londres, Bogotá et Santiago." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00937668.
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Bien que les caractéristiques économiques, de l'offre, de la demande et de l'implantation territoriale soient différentes dans chaque cas, les politiques liées à la mobilité à Paris, Londres, Bogotá et Santiago partent de la conviction commune d' un excès de circulation automobile qui est à l'origine d'externalités intolérables ; nuisances environnementales dans le cas de Paris et Santiago et congestion dans les cas de Bogotá et Londres principalement. Les interventions mises en place montrent une forte décision de la part des pouvoirs publics de s'attaquer à ses nuisances. Dans le cas de Londres, l'analyse économique des politiques se centre sur les effets du péage de congestion dans le centre de Londres. Le suivi, très détaillé, de la part des autorités londoniennes permet de confirmer un succès technique et politique. Cependant, le coût de collecte du péage est supérieur aux bénéfices économiques. A Paris, la mise en place des couloirs bus comme mesure de diminution de l'espace de la voiture, supporté par un système de TC de qualité, permet de diminuer son utilisation. Cependant la circulation ralentit. Le bilan économique est négatif, ce qui ne semble pas nuire au succès politique. A Bogota, le bilan économique est mitigé. L'amélioration des TC avec la mise en place de Transmilenio apporte des bénéfices importants. Cependant, l'interdiction de circulation crée une désutilité pour une minorité. Finalement, pour Santiago, les informations disponibles ne permettent pas d'être concluant. Cependant, le succès des autoroutes à péage et les problèmes de Transantiago font que le report modal se soit accentué vers une forte croissance de l'automobile. Des questions sur la pertinence de l'évaluation économique comme instrument d'évaluation de politiques de développement durable et l'utilisation d'autres démarches sont aussi développées dans cette recherche.
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Khatter, Ajay. "Managers’ perspectives of environmentally sustainable policies and practices in the Australian hotel industry." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40595/.
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The impact of the hotel industry on the world environment has been widespread. It is a major industry that consumes a significant amount of natural resources and energy in the course of providing hospitality for its guests. For a hotel manager, developing policies and strategies for environmental sustainability can be challenging in the first instance, but actually implementing these policies is often even more difficult because managers of these businesses have to concurrently manage and align social, economic and environmental outcomes; the three dimensions that comprise sustainable performance (Epstein & Buhovac, 2014).
As hotel management are at the forefront of implementing environmentally sustainable policies and practices (ESPPs), the focus of this research has been on the Australian hotel industry and its managers’ perspectives on ESPPs and the influence of their stakeholders. Applying stakeholder theory has contributed to an understanding of how organisations, including hotels, behave, especially in a rapidly changing and dynamic business climate where environmental issues are becoming increasingly prominent. There is an inherent need to explore and connect the positive links that exist between stakeholder interests. However, there is also an opportunity to expand the scope of stakeholder theory to offer a broader purpose in creating equal value for all stakeholders and the benefit of society and the environment. This focus requires a shift from short-term economic benefits to the broader benefits to society and the environment.
A two-phase process was undertaken in order to obtain data on environmental sustainability in Australian hotels and to engage with the research questions. The first phase of the research entailed a review of hotel websites in order to gain a preliminary understanding of the scope and extent of ESPPs adopted by hotels. The second phase involved the conduct of in-depth, face-to-face interviews with selected hotel managers identified in the first phase of the preliminary investigation as having an influence on hotel policies and procedures.
This research found that independent and Australian chain affiliated hotels investigated in this study do not have formal environmental policies, either at a corporate or individual hotel level. This is in contrast to international chain affiliated hotels which do have formal policies on environmental sustainability. However, these policies are developed and formulated overseas at a corporate office level and passed down to individual hotels in Australia to be implemented. Major barriers to environmental sustainability are time, financial resources, a lack of suitable enablement resources and stakeholder owners and shareholders of hotels. The major drivers for environmental sustainability are the support of owners and shareholders, financial benefits, marketing leverage, guest preferences and environmental awareness.
The major stakeholders influencing ESPPs of hotels are their owners and shareholders, their head or corporate office, senior management and hotel guests. Owners and shareholders have the most significant influence on policies and practices as they have a financial interest in the hotel and simply put, they are in business to make a profit.
The current focus areas for environmental sustainability are water management, energy and recycling. Hotels intend to address them with increased prominence moving forward. The research responses demonstrate a need for more innovative approaches if the hotel industry is to make a significant contribution to environmental sustainability. Analysing the focus areas of environmentally sustainable practices in the future, other than discussion on building sustainable hotels from the ground up, suggests that little thought has been given to other innovative and sustainable practices that can be implemented. Establishing commitment to the notion of environmental sustainability is the principal step a hotel organisation or independent hotel should embark upon in order to establish a statement of purpose or policy relating to environmental sustainability. Hotel managers working at a property level should be involved with formulation of ESPPs. Their involvement in the creation of policy makes it easier to implement environmentally sustainable practices as they will have developed a better understanding of the foundation of environmental policies. This benefits all stakeholders as well as the environment. Developing and strengthening the relationship amongst stakeholders is one of the most significant forces that can drive successful environmental initiatives and practices.
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Bjornlund, Henning. "Water trade policies as a component of environmentally, socially and economically sustainable water use in rural Southeastern Australia /." 1999. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/84643.
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Thomas, Fabian. "Behavioral Economics of Agri-Environmental Policies." Doctoral thesis, 2019. https://repositorium.ub.uni-osnabrueck.de/handle/urn:nbn:de:gbv:700-201910232106.
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Modern agriculture is causing a wide range of environmental problems. By regulating the agricultural sector, human societies try to find a balance between enabling the production of food and public goods and preventing negative consequences for the environment. In the European Union this is mainly achieved through the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP). Since many of the environmental indicators are still showing negative trends, an ongoing evaluation and adaptation of the policy instruments included in the CAP is asked for. At the same time, the field of policy evaluation is more and more incorporating a behavioral economic perspective on human behavior, one that deviates from the homo oeconomicus model that has long dominated research in this area. This thesis presents a study on “Behavioral Economics of Agri-Environmental Policies” by combining themes from agricultural and environmental economics with methods and perspectives from behavioral and experimental economics. It thereby contributes to the emerging field of behavioral agricultural economics. Specifically, it aims to shed light on the behavioral drivers of pro-environmental decisions of farmers and how these insights can be used to evaluate and adapt the CAP. With a lab-in-the-field experiment with farmers from Lower Saxony in Germany, an influence of the framing of the farmers’ societal role, their self-identity, as well as control aversion and feelings of warm glow on farmers’ behavior was uncovered. From a policy perspective, the results of this thesis provide a case for the continued use of both mandatory and voluntary policy instruments. Furthermore, with a Principal Components and Cluster Analysis, a multi-facetted picture of different farmer self-identities prevalent in the sample population was revealed. Based on a literature review, the thesis also provides an analysis of how behaviorally-informed interventions might increase the environmental performance of the CAP in the future.
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Elmagrhi, M., C. G. Ntim, Ahmed A. Elamer, and Q. Zhang. "A Study of Environmental Policies and Regulations, Governance Structures and Environmental Performance: The Role of Female Directors." 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/16617.
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noThis paper seeks to contribute to the existing business strategy and the environment literature by examining the effect of governance structures on environmental performance within a unique context of improving environmental governance, policies, regulations and management. Specifically, we investigate the extent to which corporate board gender diversity, including the proportion, age and level of education of female directors, affect environmental performance of Chinese publicly listed corporations. Using one of the largest Chinese datasets to-date, consisting of a sample of 383 listed A-shares from 2011 to 2015 (i.e., observations of 1,674), our findings are three-fold. First, we find that the proportion and age of female directors have a positive effect on the overall corporate environmental performance. Second, our findings indicate that the proportion and age of female directors also have a positive effect on the three individual environmental performance components, namely environmental (i) strategy, (ii) implementation and (iii) disclosure, respectively. Finally, and by contrast, we do not find any evidence that suggests that the level of education of female directors has any impact on environmental performance, neither the overall environmental performance measure nor its individual components. Our findings have important implication for regulators and policy-makers. Our evidence is robust to controlling for alternative measures, other governance and firm-level control variables, and possible endogeneities. We interpret our findings within a multi-theoretical framework that draws insights from agency, legitimacy, neo-institutional, resource dependence, stakeholder, and tokenism theoretical perspectives.
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Deenanath, Geetha Devi. "Effective implementation of school environmental education policies in a school district in Gauteng." Diss., 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/1888.
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The main objective of this descriptive research is to determine how effective the implementation of school environmental education policies is and how this can be improved upon. If schools do have an environmental education policy, how successful are they in implementing it. The school environmental education policies provide incentives and frameworks for the development of strategies and action plans which result in the environmental education goals being achieved effectively and efficiently. For the effective implementation of the school environmental education policies within an OBE paradigm, educators need to be knowledgeable, skilled and motivated. Overall, teacher education is probably the biggest challenge to the implementation of the school environmental education policies. This research leads to the recommendations at school level to promote the effective implementation of the school environmental education policies.Educational Studies
M.Ed. (Environmental Education)
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Teixeira, Vanessa Filipa Pacheco. "China’s paths to environmental recovery: Examining environmental concerns, priorities, and challenges." Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/20770.
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China’s ongoing economic growth started in the 1970s, and its effects have been devastating on the lives of the population and on the environment, producing harmful health complications. However, nearly fifty years later, the Chinese government has reported that China’s environment has started to recover from those effects. Authors have found that a many of China’s policies have focused on emission control and reduction, which could be the reason for these successful improvements. However, few studies analyse politics throughout the years, using various types of government documents. In this dissertation, we use qualitative content analysis to analyse 54 documents made available by the Chinese Ministry of Ecology and Environment, in search for information regarding the main environmental concerns of the Chinese government, the types of environmental policies that have been promulgated, when they started being developed, and how they have contributed to pollution reduction. The findings point to a focus on policies related water and air pollution, international cooperation, climate and natural disasters, and the control of industries and enterprises. Furthermore, the analysis suggests that China has been recovering in the last years due to an increasing concern with climate change policies, and that international cooperation is necessary in the context of environmental policymaking. Therefore, this present study presents interesting contributes to the discipline of International Environmental Studies. We suggest that future research on the subject focuses on the timeline of policymaking within the international and domestic contexts of the fight against climate change, evaluating the effectiveness of these policies.O crescimento económico da China começou na década de 1970, surtindo efeitos devastadores na vida da população chinesa, bem como no meio ambiente, e originando várias complicações de saúde. Contudo, décadas depois, o governo chinês anunciou melhorias no meio ambiente, indicando que a China está a recuperar dos efeitos da poluição. Alguns autores concluíram que grande parte das políticas ambientais da China se focam no controlo e redução das emissões poluentes, o que poderá explicar esta recuperação. No entanto, até então, são poucos os estudos que analisam as políticas ambientais da China ao longo do tempo, recorrendo a vários tipos de documentos governamentais. Esta dissertação recorre à análise qualitativa de conteúdo de 54 documentos do governo chinês relacionados com o ambiente, procurando identificar as principais preocupações ambientais do governo chinês, o tipo de políticas ambientais que têm sido implementadas na China, e que fatores contribuíram para a redução dos efeitos da poluição. Os resultados indicam um foco em políticas relacionadas com poluição da água e do ar, cooperação internacional, desastres naturais, e controlo de indústrias. A análise sugere uma crescente preocupação com as alterações climáticas nas suas políticas governamentais, e uma necessidade cooperação internacional no âmbito das políticas ambientais. Desta forma, o presente estudo oferece contributos relevantes para disciplina de Estudos Internacionais sobre o ambiente. Assim, sugerimos que futuros estudos se foquem no aspeto temporal das políticas ambientais, relacionando-as com a evolução do estado do ambiente e com o contexto nacional e internacional em termos ambientais e de alterações climáticas.