Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environnement (Droit pénal)'
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Dorigny, Julien. "La notion d'environnement en droit pénal français et canadien." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/38199.
Full textThe protection of the environment through penal law is a real challenge for the future. However, it is enough to look at the substance of the protection regime to see that it contains a number of specific features that still make it insufficiently effective. It will therefore be necessary to study the penal law's understanding of the notion of the environment, both in Canada and in France, from a comparative law perspective, through the common core of penal offenses. However, to understand how we protect, we must clearly identify what we are protecting. It will therefore also be a question of studying the very definition of the environment as protected by penal law. All this will make it possible to more effectively identify what constitutes the notion of the environment in French-Canadian penal law.
Tripette, Hélène. "Droit pénal de la chasse : ou contribution du droit pénal de la chasse à la protection de la nature." Lyon 3, 2005. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2005_in_tripette_h.pdf.
Full textThe repressive measures the penal hunting law allows to apply when an offense against the hunting law has been committed, offers the possibility to partake in the efforts of biodiversity conservation that should not be disregarded, but are insufficient with respect to those made to preserve biodiversity. The archaism and originality of the penal hunting law make its incorporation into the nature protection law rather difficult. It has also become very difficult to establish the infringments against this law or to take proceedings against tresspassers, while with respect to the specific character of the cases of cynegetic delinquency, the sanctions are not always severe enough, nor suitable. The preventive aspect of the penal hunting law has been questioned. The thesis shows the interest of the application of penal norms for wildlife protection. It makes proposals to improve the fight against cynegetic delinquency, and reinforce the effective application of repressive measures
Courtaigne-Deslandes, Coralie. "L'adéquation du droit pénal à la protection de l'environnement." Paris 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA020044.
Full textRabut, Gaëlle. "Le préjudice en droit pénal." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0173/document.
Full textThe notion of prejudice habitually falls within the boundaries of civil law. As a traditionaland inescapable feature of this discipline, prejudice is today sparking off heated debates amongspecialists. Confronted with this new trend, criminal law experts can rightfully wonder about the placeof prejudice in criminal law. If the concept is little used in this law area, it is nonetheless not totallyunknown. However, the study of prejudice in criminal law will have to prove the irrelevance of thisnotion in that regard. This difference between civil and criminal law can be accounted for by thedistinct purposes of these two areas of the law. Whereas civil law aims at seeking redress for harminflicted on individuals, criminal law is guided by the imperative need to protect general interestthrough the maintenance of law and order.Thus, prejudice does not fall within the scope of the criminal offence theory. It is neither taken intoaccount in the process of defining offences by the lawmaker nor in the classification of the offence bythe trial court. Prejudice is not a constituent part of the infringement and thus is not tantamount to itsoutcome. Furthermore, the notion of prejudice plays a limited role in the theory of criminal lawprocedure. If prejudice appears as a condition governing the admissibility of a civil action brought incourt it is because it is perceived as a legal action for damages, for the sole purpose of monetarycompensation. On the other hand, prejudice is not a condition for criminal proceedings with thepurpose of punishing the offence
Lissa, Geay Lorenza. "L'harmonisation du droit pénal des déchets en Europe : étude comparée franco-italienne." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D084.
Full textFrance and Italy must solve the dramatic problem of preventing, managing and eliminating large quantities of incresingly dangerous waste. The historical differences between the legal traditions of these two countries justify a comparative study of their respective criminal arrangements to combat waste crime with european law in the backgroung. In order to cope the weakness of international law, European law had accept several major challenges. It created a common waste language, based on a complex of shared notions and definitions, it has harmonised the administrative law of waste and it has imposed on Member States obligations to inctiminate harmful behaviour or dangerous behaviour committed by malicious or coulpable negligence. But other challenges have to be faced. The quality of criminal law must be improved and made compatible with fundamntal principles tested by the referral technique and the precautionary principle. In particular, respect for the principles of legality and necessity of punishement must be garateed. In addition, for the time being, it has not possible to harmonise general criminal law or penalities. Moreover, the national legislator is sometimes seduced by the sirens of urgency and adopts questionables mesures to teckle the crisis of waste, as happend in Italy in recent years. All theses problems hinder the harmonisation of waste criminal law and will be solved in the years to come
Gagnon-Rocque, Ariane. "La peine en droit de l'environnement canadien : de la sanction dissuasive à une approche centrée sur la réparation de l'atteinte." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22832.
Full textEn raison du peu de doctrine portant sur la pénologie environnementale canadienne, le présent mémoire visait d'abord à présenter le portrait du paysage juridique en cette matière. Ce faisant, il est rapidement apparu que la détermination de la peine en droit de l'environnement par les tribunaux canadiens souffrait de certaines lacunes, principalement au niveau de l'importance accordée à l'objectif pénologique de la dissuasion. Cet accent indu menant à l'imposition de sanctions pénales aussi inefficaces qu'ineffectives, une nouvelle approche devait être offerte aux tribunaux canadiens. Il s'agit donc du second objectif du présent mémoire. S'inspirant de la philosophie de la justice réparatrice, une approche centrée sur la réparation de l'atteinte découlant de la commission d'une infraction environnementale est proposée aux tribunaux canadiens afin que la peine imposée puisse s'avérer aussi efficace qu'effective et s'harmoniser au particularisme du droit de l'environnement.
Lasmoles, Olivier. "La gestion des risques maritimes environnementaux : contribution au renforcement de la protection de l'environnement marin." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010261/document.
Full textThe impact of the maritime catastrophes of recent years such as Erika, Prestige, and Deepwater Horizon, has confirmed the concerns regarding marine pollution, both with the general public and political decision-makers. Has no lesson been learned from these events? Calls for greater awareness for environmental protection have had little impact on the practices of transporters and shipowners. Violations of the marine environment must be halted as soon as possible, using suitable and effective methods. Maritime law, which relates to navigation by sea, is no longer able to protect the environment because it is based on principles of civil responsibility. Changes in obligations suggest that this should be replaced by principles derived from common law on the environment, based on criminal responsibility. In the first part, the identification of maritime risks, both old and contemporary, demonstrates that in spite of some developments in technology and an increase in its complexity, it remains fundamentally identical, with the backdrop of the sailor, the navigator, acting within the framework of an organization. In the second part, the analysis of the treatment of technical risks demonstrates, firstly, the capacity of maritime law to reform, taking the lead from good practice derived from the offshore industry. Secondly, the analysis of legal risks confirms that maritime law, in spite of its imperfections, has the resources to reform and respond to contemporary expectations in environmental matters
Calvo, Élodie. "Accidents de masse et responsabilité pénale." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0323/document.
Full textIn times of consumerism and mass production, news has provided us examples of technological, sanitary and environmental disasters which have required criminal law. Nevertheless, criminal law doesn’t seem to be perfectly adapted to the reality of mass accidents.In one hand, it appears that the resultant of mass accidents is an assault to a group of people, goods and environmental elements affected by one single harmful event. However, considering that one of the criminal law principles is the indifference to the number of victims, the massive aspect of the mass accident is not taken into account as a resultant of the offence. Thus, these accidents can only be punished by the means of general offences. However, due to the difficulty of establishing the causal link, those offences are not easy to identify. Indeed, such damages are often caused by multiple factors, which leads us to another question about the causal sequence of events and about the certainty of each cause.In the other hand, about repression, mass accidents are often caused by legal entities, which leads us to another difficult question: the criminal liability of societies and enterprises. In the same way, mass accidents are often the resultant of private or public-decisions-makers’ actions or omissions; their link to the offence can follow various rules. The punishment for those massive accidents, especially for the environmental ones, is also a difficult question; therefore, it is necessary to adapt criminal sentences to the specificities of those situations. Eventually, the main question remains the one about the evolution of criminal law, that needs to take into account the collective dimension of massive accidents, notably by creating specifics offences
Vézina, Johanne. "La preuve technique et scientifique en droit pénal environnemental." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0008/MQ31805.pdf.
Full textMistretta, Patrick. "La responsabilité pénale du délinquant écologique." Lyon 3, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1998LYO33001.
Full textBannelier, Christakis Karine. "La protection de l'environnement en temps de conflit armé." Paris 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA010331.
Full textGuillard, David. "Les armes de guerre et l'environnement naturel : essai d'étude juridique." Rouen, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ROUED001.
Full textDepleted uranium shells, mines, cluster bombs, biological weapons, chemical weapons, nuclear weapons is the incomplete list of weapons that can damage environment. Against this threat, the international law seemed to be late on the technology invention. The ecological damages during the gulf war engendered a juridical evolution : a customary law prohibit large, long lasting and grave ecological offence. The statute of Rome is the consecration of this customary law. War weapons pollute also during their tests or destructions. In this case, arms control and environment international law are both applicable. When environment is polluted, responsability varies according to the author of the pollution and the area polluted. The end of International Law Commission works relating to the States responsibility for unlawful action shows the existence of an "actio popularis" doing environment a humanity good. Nevertheless, the effective achievment is very difficult because of the states sovereignty
Martin, Fiona. "La responsabilité pénale des personnes morales en droit de l'environnement en France et au Canada." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/67085.
Full textLa nécessité de préserver l’environnement fait progressivement consensus sur la scène internationale. De plus en plus, les états se pourvoient de mécanismes répressifs et préventifs afin de sauvegarder l’environnement. La personne morale, principale source de dommage écologique est également soumise à cette responsabilité pénale environnementale. Dans une approche comparatiste, il s’agira d’analyser les mécanismes permettant d’engager la responsabilité pénale d’une personne morale lorsque celle-ci commet une infraction environnementale. Pour ce faire, la notion de personne morale devra être présentée afin de déterminer quelle structure est pénalement répréhensible. Enfin, il s’agira de comparer ces éléments avec la réalité de la délinquance écologique. Le droit comparé permettra d’apporter certaines solutions innovantes afin de lutter contre toute atteinte environnementale.
Boudry, Pascale. "L'adéquation de la solution pénale aux problèmes soulevés par la protection de l'environnement : l'exemple du Languedoc." Montpellier 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987MON10025.
Full textIt is interesting to speculate as to wether penal legislation, concerning the protection of the environment, constitutes nowadays a group of texts which, even if they are not structured, at least follow a common thread. To question the application of this legislation in the criminal courts is also to envisage the way in which it "could" be applied. The study of the elaboration and application of this legislation can also give rise to taking a standpoint with regard to the texts considered. Finally, placing oneself in the context of criminal policies, one can widen this former field of observation. Knowing that the penal solution is indeed only one of the many possible answers to the behaviour in question within a coherent criminal policy, it is necessary to envisage the altenatives which could be looked at. This is where the results of a survey made en a specific regional area, the languedoc, over a period of six years, appear. What is more, it was possible to make precise comparisons berween this region and rhone-alpes, where similar surveys were done within the framework of researches made by the c. N. R. S. (centre national de recherches scientifiques) at the request of the ministry of the environment
Van, Bosterhaudt Patrice. "La norme pénale pour lutter contre les atteintes à la nature : vers la reconnaissance d'une valeur essentielle." Thesis, Dijon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016DIJOD006.
Full textWith the gradual advent of the industrial era, human activity has weighed more negatively on the balance of natural environments. This was followed by the gradual construction of a very repressive law for environment, intended to combat prejudice against nature, but chronically prepared on the very bases of administrative police, a seated concept on the basis of a resolutely disciplinary law, structurally and morally insufficient to reveal an essential value. Tort, as well as environmental liability regime aim to invent new legal concepts in order to redress the damage to nature, but they reveal many limitations.In this context, the criminal standard, meant to be especially utilitarian, is both an auxiliary of administrative right and an auxiliary of remedial standards, and remains without influence in bringing out the real value of the protected interest.It is such an analysis that the protection of nature, as an essential value, may be used only by recourse to an effective criminal law established on the bases of ethical foundations understood and accepted by everybody. This thesis of law fits into a forward-looking approach that would contribute to such an outcome by trying to rethink and restructure the special criminal law of the environment so as to offer the repressive judge the opportunity to exercise a true value judgment on self-destructive and now recognized violations of mankind itself
Blanc, Marjorie. "Les réponses pénales aux atteintes à l'environnement." Thesis, Toulon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUL0079.
Full textTraditionally, the human being has acted on nature to develop its living environment. This behaviour can have bad effects on the environment, so that the idea of protecting it gradually came into the collective consciousness. The French legislature thus developed an important arsenal of laws among which we can find penal provisions made to sanction those who damage environment. But the penal system, while necessary, should not be the only answer to the environment attacks. It must be linked with other mechanisms, such as civil liability, and that in order to allow, among others, the repair of the ecological damage. Criminal law for the environment as it is implemented today is not satisfactory. It suffers from flaws that affect its efficiency. The present works try to find a remedy for this situation
Kelci, Sevgi. "La responsabilité des intermédiaires techniques en droit pénal canadien, à la lumière des pratiques internationales." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4360.
Full textCriminal liability of technical intermediaries is a central and actual issue in the regulation of cyberspace. Not also their vast economic implications in the cyberspace are in question, but also their entire legal framework regarding criminal liability of technical intermediaries is an unresolved issue. This is because a liability allegation to the author for an illicit activity can be difficult or impossible thanks to the complex nature of cyberspace and the insolvent status of the technical intermediaries Considering their state of solvency and identification facility, taking legal actions against the technical intermediaries will be a conceivable solution to the jurists. Having implied legal proceedings, even the fact that a judicial action will be taken against them will prevent them from involving illicit activities. Non-existence of a liability regime which is specifically applicable to the technical intermediaries in the Canadian legislative corpus makes us obligated to apply to the «guiding principles» of imputability which can be released from several national and international texts. In this essay, we will study, at first, the conditions of applicability of the criminal liability for the technical intermediaries with regard to Canadian Criminal Law and, in second time, will answer the following question: Is Canadian Criminal Law complied with guiding principles arising from International norms and practice in terms of imputability of the technical intermediaries?