Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environnement familial'
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Gall, Jean-Marie. "Rene schickele environnement familial social et culturel (1883-1904)." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996STR20038.
Full textThe writtings about rene schickele chiefly regard the etablished writer. The initial period of his life has not given matter to any specific study. New documents have allowed to mitigate that indiquacy. The "deutsche literaturarchiv" in marbach keeps the schoolboy's diary (1899-1900). 36 letters are included in the schickele fund of munich's town library. Adding those contained in other funds, we get a total number of 55 messages, all written between 1899 and 1904. Those letters not only provide biographical information, but interesting high lights on the poetry collections "sommernachte" and "pan". A further source of information derives from the registry office, as well as publications issued by educational etablishments, the university of strasbourg, address books, etc. . As to the publications by the "sturmer" group, i discovered one album unknown to literary history: la st. Georges, and completed rene schickele's list of youth works. Our study throws light on rene schickele's stay abroad, that is outside alsace, and on certain episodes of his life, such as his first great passion, as to the joungest alsace, we have called attention to the share he tock in the movement of ideas that prevailed in the europe of that time
Descarpentries-Billon, Jacqueline. "Environnement éducatif familial : sommeil et activités cognitives de l'enfant." Lille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL30022.
Full textThe works presents a research being a matter for the vygostkian modelization of cognitive activities ans concerning epigenetic conception of a relation between family surrounding and child sleep. It sets the problem of mediation between parents and children through parental educative pratices that is of educative behaviours of parents towards their children. It induces to etablish interrelations between cognitive development and their fonctional basis in nervous system. We operationalized our study by factorial analysis and lisrel model. Our research shown the existence of a connection between care variations and sleep physiologic duration and family surrounding. One the one hand, the regular ways of life; lithe but directed by activity contexts education pratices, representations of child regular rhythm of life by parents would tend to equal of superior sleep durations to physioloig sleep durations. On the other hand, the most fluctuating children from their care ability point of view would be those who came under a great
Philippouci, Ionia. "Le regard de jeunes décrocheurs sur leur environnement familial : une vision éclairante de leur réalité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28763/28763.pdf.
Full textBouville, Jean-François. "Malnutrition infantile, attachement mère-enfant et environnement familial en milieu urbain africain (Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire)." Paris 8, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA081983.
Full textRosso, Natacha. "Maladie chronique chez l'enfant et environnement familial : le cas des familles d'enfants atteints d'hémophilie sévère." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0562.
Full textIntroduction and objectives: Living with a child suffering from a chronic health condition may influence the psychological health of each family member in different way. Daily life is organized around the special care of the child affected. In the specific case of severe hemophilia, the treatment give rhythm to family life and the risk of hemorrhagic accident is at the heart of the parental concern. This could potentially impact on the psychological health of their siblings. The specificity of severe hemophilia as the transmission mode, intravenous treatment and high hemorrhagic risks raises question about question about their influence on the psychological health of siblings in terms of quality of life and psychopathological disorder. Methods: A comparative study has been conducted between a clinical group composed of 55 children aged between 8 and 17 years old and having a brother suffering from severe hemophilia and a control group composed of 55 children paired. Auto and hetero questionnaires have been administrated to evaluate the psychological health of the siblings and mediating variables. Non directive interviews have been conducted on parents. Results and conclusion: Siblings of children suffering from severe hemophilia have an altered psychological health compared to children from the general population with unique psychopathological disorders. Taking into account the traumatic effect of the sibling’s experiences appears necessary to elaborate a therapeutic device adapted to their needs. Specific variables related to the child and his parents are mediating this traumatic effect but a further study needs to be done to understand these results
Hilaire, Marie-Michelle. "Des enfants martiniquais en milieu rural face à leur environnement familial particulier contribution à la connaissance psychologique de la famille martiniquaise." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1985. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37594810j.
Full textHilaire, Marie-Michelle. "Des enfants martiniquais en milieu rural face à leur environnement familial particulier : contribution à la connaissance psychologique de la famille martiniquaise." Paris 10, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA100205.
Full textMahfoud, Khadija. "Rôle de l'interaction enseignant-enfant sur le développement langagier de l'enfant âgé de 5 ans." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO20015.
Full textInteractions between the parents and the child have positive effects on the development and language learning amongst young children. The quality of interaction with the child is based on the amount and the quantity of the language style used by parents when addressing the child; which seems very important on language development (Gallaway et Richards, 1999).Children stemming from a privileged social class exhibit high lexical diversity. They are exposed to rich discourse information on various situations. Meanwhile, children from a disadvantaged social class are confronted-even before going to school-to different learning models and display a delay regarding language skills compared to their peers (Hoff, 2003 ; Feldman et al., 2000), even though the preschool years are important in the child lexical development. At age 5, the child is getting ready for elementary school, hence the importance of taking into account the influence of school environment, especially the interaction with the teacher on children verbal performance in order to ensure better school integration later.Our interest in this study focuses on the school environment whose major goal is to promote language proficiency, as it is a perquisite for school success. Hence, it seems appropriate to consider, in the context of school learning, the difficulty and the child’s skills in order to help them to progress (Florin, 2002). The main goal of our study, conducted among 131 5-year-old children and their eight teachers, is to underlie the importance of the school environment and particularly the interaction with the teacher on the development of the vocabulary at the preschooler age. Our goal is to determine if the teacher-child interaction has a positive impact on the child's verbal performance, and whether this interaction helps to reduce the gap on verbal achievement between children stemming from privileged and disadvantaged social classes
Eloidin, Sylvia. "Mutations de l'alimentation des jeunes migrants, originaires des Antilles Françaises, étudiants en France métropolitaine." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR2026.
Full textEvery year many young West Indians migrate to metropolitan France to study, often because their study courses are not available in the West Indies. The migration from their native Island to this new territory represents for them a true uprooting on various levels such as geographic, climatic, social, family and cultural, lifestyle and pace of life. Food is an important part of these changes. This study explores in a privileged way, from the collection of these West Indian students’ paths, their food before and after the migration, in their sociocultural context, in order to observe the changes. Also we identify the migration influences, particularly post migratory eating practices, detected by these students on their health, and the needs of food information. This study is about a qualitative survey conducted by semi-structured interviews to obtain a better understanding of these students’ eating behaviors. It underlines the importance of considering the social and cultural dimensions of food to avoid standardised preventive advice and to optimize food education
Wu, Zhen. "Les changements de l'éducation familiale dans la société chinoise contemporaine : l'adolescence à Jinan." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOU20031.
Full textSince years, the transformation of Chinese society has been frequently mentioned in media and scientific works. Except the economic boom and further progress, this transformation is simultaneously accompanied by social problems, such as widened gaps and intensified conflicts between social classes; the discriminations against marginalized groups… However, very little attention focuses on one of their origins or their consequences: the ignorance and the misunderstandings about educational issues. Speaking of this theme, comparing with other educational institutions, family in Chinese society often plays the most significant role, because family relationships and values built the whole society until today. To a certain extent, if we don’t study this theme, then we couldn’t understand Chinese society and analyze its risks. For this reason, we undertake this research on the transformations of family education in China and its sociocultural dimensions. In order to highlight the link between family education and its environment, we choose to focus only on the adolescence, because from this step of life, the influences of environments become more and more powerful and compete with those of the family. By a survey with teenagers’ families in a Chinese city, we thus explore some strong correlations between the domestic world and exterior space and the challenges for today’s Chinese family education, such as the rejection of traditional virtues in the moral education, the differentiation in educational perceptions between social classes, etc
Abi, Kao. "Les attitudes des Togolais à l'égard de la polygynie : étude comparative en fonction des différents environnements psychosociologiques." Bordeaux 2, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988BOR21010.
Full textIn the study of plural marriage and the relationship between polygyny and the social environment, the different methodological approaches (anthropological, sociological, demographic and psychosociological) furnish their specific contributions. In the case of Togo, we have established that from a psychological point of view, the attitudes that students and civil servants develop with respect to plural marriage are divergent. Their attitudes vary on the basis of different statutory factors such as the socioprofessional status of the respondents, the age, the social situation of the family etc. The above factors work in conjonction with certain definite psychological mechanisms such as the search for social differenciation and the need to affirm a masculin identy in determining the personal attitude toward polygyny
Chevrier, Basilie. "Approche longitudinale de l'ajustement psychosocial des étudiants primo-entrants en contexte universitaire : une question de transition vers l'âge adulte." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0233.
Full textStarting university is a period of major transition with many changes in roles, statuses, and environments. This transitional period corresponds to the beginning of the becoming an adult. The developmental challenge of this time involves autonomy and independence issues. Autonomy and independence are acquired progressively and are expressed through young adults’ representations of family functioning and their own functioning. Thus, the family environment, attachment representations, home-leaving experience, and self-determination processes are expressions of becoming adult that are particularly questioned during this major transition. With a holistic-interactionist point of view, the current research aims to investigate young adults’ psychosocial development when they enter at the university considering specificities of the developmental period.Our sample consisted of freshman young adults. Using a longitudinal approach, this research had three waves and to two separate cohorts. The first wave was during the back-to- school period, in September/October (N = 1,142); the second wave in the middle of the freshman year, in February/March (N = 248); and the third wave at the end of the year, in June/July (N = 101). In each wave, participants completed the questionnaire assessing family environment (i.e., parents-child relationship and family relationships), attachment representations, home-leaving, self-determination process (i.e., academic motivation and basic psychological needs), and psychosocial adjustment (i.e., psychological well-being, self- worth, depression, and academic results). Data were analyzed using both person-oriented and variable-oriented approaches and considered the different kinds of variability.Our results highlight the heterogeneity and multiplicity of family environment, attachment, and self-determination profiles, home leaving classes, and developmental patterns in the beginning of the freshman year. Family environment, attachment, and self- determination profiles presented a singular evolution during freshman year. Concerning psychosocial adjustment, our results showed that personal characteristics (i.e., attachment and self-determination processes) have an effect on adjustment across the freshman year unlike environmental contexts (i.e., family environment and home leaving). Psychosocial adjustment evolution during the year appeared to be positive and stable for positive profiles of family environment, attachment, and self-determination whereas it was unstable for negative profiles. Finally, our results replace basic psychological needs as important levers allowing a better adaptation during transitional periods. These different observations give a complementary perspective to literature and provide an opportunity to discuss possible applications in the support of emerging adults in the university context
Ka, Aminata. "Perceptions et performances en éducation environnementale (EE) des élèves des collèges d'enseignement moyen (CEM) du Sénégal à travers les pratiques d'enseignement en économie familiale sociale (EFS)." Bordeaux 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR21585.
Full textThe study is part of the assessment of enviromental education in the Senegalese formal educational system. It is based particularly on the current family socio-economic program, which, like life and land sciences and geography, prentends to do to environmental education through the themes conducted in class. The current research, aims, on the one hand, from the class attended by the pupils (6th, 5th, 3rd forms), and their environment (urban, suburban, rural), to describe, from investigation questionnaires, their social determinant and their perceptions of the context of class, the method used by the teacher and motivation generated, during the conduct of the course in environmental education. On the other hand, the study assesses the performances of pupils, following the level of class attended, from tests derived from the achievements of pupils. The measure of changes to the perceptions and performance in environmental education, compared to class groups, has enable us to compare the averages for pupils of different groups of classes according to the middle of inclusion, has the support of the analysis by the test of Bonferroni of Schiffer. The tests of PEARSON enabled us to control the correlation between perceptions en performance in environmental education, for different involved groups and draw the educational, instructional and methodological conclusions. Thus, 1986 pupils attending grammar school toof part in the investigations. The data processing has allowed us to highlight the growing gap between the perceptions and performance in environmental education and this for all the forms considered. Beyong the reponses to the assumptions of research, the urgency of a coherent decision making in the field of environmental education for sustainable development has been demonstrated by coming up with a teacher training program closely connected to the objectives of environmental education and especially contred on the learner's social integration
Kazma, Rémi. "Les interactions gène-environnement dans les études génétiques des maladies complexes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00502881.
Full textCoignard, Juliette. "Nouvelles stratégies pour l’étude des facteurs génétiques impliqués dans le cancer du sein familial." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS426.
Full textOne of the most important risk factors for breast cancer (BC) is having a family history of BC. Around 20% of the familial BC risk is explained by rare mutations in the genes BRCA1 and BRCA2 (BRCA1/2). An additional 30% of the risk is accounted for mutations in other known genes, like ATM or TP53, and by common genetic variants, called single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs), identified in population-based GWAS. Therefore, the majority of the familial forms of BC remains unexplained. Furthermore, there are large variations in the estimation of the BC lifetime risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. It has been shown that some SNPs identified in the general population by GWAS (Genome Wide Association Studies) modified BC risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers. Therefore, little is known on how these SNPs interact with BRCA1/2 mutations since association studies have been performed within the population of BRCA1/2 mutation carriers so far.In the first part of this PhD project, I developed a novel strategy to analyze genetic factors by integrating simultaneously environmental and lifestyle factors. This strategy was used to analyze the data of GENESIS study composed of pairs of sisters affected by BC without BRCA1/2 mutation and controls from the general population. 5,000 BC cases and controls were genotyped for the 200,000 SNPs targeted by the iCOGS array. Groups of subjects was created according to their exposition profile reflecting expositions to radiation or reproductive factors. Analyses stratified on groups built according to their reproduction factors exposures did not highlighted specific variants. However, analyses stratified on groups reflecting the chest X—ray exposures showed potential specific SNPs for women who had never been exposed to chest X—ray, in genes XRCC4 and MAGI1, and for women highly exposed to X-ray exposures, in gene FGFR2, already known in the general population.The second aim was to identify and characterize genetic modifiers of BC risk for BRCA1/2 mutation carriers using data from the international consortia CIMBA (Consortium of Investigators of Modifiers of BRCA1/2) and BCAC (Breast Cancer Association Consortium). I developed a case-only GWAS analysis where we compare genotype frequencies between 60,212 unselected BC cases from the BCAC and 13,007 BC cases from CIMBA. We identified 4 novel variants associated with BC for BRCA1 mutation carriers and 4 for BRCA2 mutation carriers at P<10-8. MADD, SPI1 and EIF1 genes, already associated with BC biology, was predicted by the tool INQUISIT, to be target genes of the potential causal variants located in the locus 11p11.2 associated with BRCA1 status.These new SNPs could be used to improve polygenic risk scores (PRS). Studies considering the exposure profile should be implemented in larger population. The models could then evolve towards an adaptation of the PRS according to women’s exposure profiles and that throughout their life
Chaarani, Majeda. "Educations familiales et dynamiques identitaires et interculturelles au Liban- Philosophie de la différence et question de l’identité entre vie privée et environnement socioculturel et politique." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20127.
Full text16 Lebanese families (father, mother and youth) have been the subject of a retrospective, non-randomized study, to explore notions of identity transmission and dynamics, in relation to the various family educations. Inclusion criteria were family cohesion and the level of youth instruction level, greater than or equal to High School. Families were selected according to the main structural communities in a multi communitarian society, namely the Lebanese society (specifically: confessional, geographic, and socioeconomic communities). The comprehensive and interpretative analysis of data collected, followed a qualitative methodology, according to the grounded theory method: 1) establishment of initial interpretive markers; 2) co-construction of meaning; 3) inductive / deductive analysis; 4) categorization, while analysis is in progress, of various conceptualizations; 5) modeling of these conceptualizing categories in two stages (two-dimensional and three dimensional), the result of which was a theoretical modeling of individual identity; 6) use of this model to propose an original approach o identity transmissions, and identity and intercultural dynamics; and 7) ultimately to reach a theorization about the “intercultural imperfect crystal”, (I.I.C.), and about its eventual and potential applications and implications, especially in terms of education. The main initial interpretive and personal landmark, was that of the Arabic word of “oumour”: a representation, in temporal terms, of Existence. The main conceptualizations that this study made it possible to categorize, were: 1) the distinction between three forms of belonging: the existential identities, the essential gender-related identity, and the necessary “oumour”-related identity; 2) the tripartite structure of existential belongings, due to the double influence carried on by the family and the society; 3) the individualization of a third intermediate circle of belonging, between the private and public, circles, which is the circle of “assabiyya”; 4) the incompleteness of each of the three circles of belonging; and 5) the concept of “necessary identity dynamics” (N.I.D.), which is the sum of two inseparable necessary identity movements. As for the theorization of the “intercultural imperfect crystal”, this corresponds to a simplification, for didactic purposes, of our understanding of the structuring of individual identity, of its transmission, and of its dynamics. It is based on two fundamental concepts: 1) identity subcomponents, or elementary particles of this imperfect crystal; and 2) the N.I.D. of the being, that “dynamizes” the whole, through internal processes of rationalization and “relativization”. The intercultural approach is prominent in this theory, on regard of the understanding of the identity transmission and dynamics.That’s why otherness is presented as the elementary relationship of this structure. And whose approach is characterized by its combined, interactive and mandatory use of three distinct logics: 1) the inter-subjective and existential logic; 2) the subjective and essential logic; and 3) the necessary logic, as to the meaning, that the individual gives to his being, and which is related to his “oumour” (his N.I.D.)
Rudant, Jérémie. "Facteurs de risque environnementaux et familiaux des hémophpathies malignes de l'enfant : Analyse de l'enquête Escale." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA11T062.
Full textFiguié, Muriel. "La construction sociale d'un savoir sur la dégradation des ressources naturelles: le cas des pâturages dans les exploitations agricoles familiales de la commune de Silvânia au Brésil." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006819.
Full textAinsi la définition adoptée par le milieu de la recherche agronomique est marquée par les objectifs de colonisation agricole de la région, d'intensification et de modernisation de l'agriculture qu'il poursuit. Pour le milieu "socio-environnementaliste", elle est marquée par des objectifs de résistance au processus de colonisation de la région et de défense des intérêts des petits producteurs longtemps ignorés des politiques agricoles.
Concernant les producteurs, le sens qu'ils donnent à la dégradation des pâturages est lié à leur relation pratique à cette ressource. Dans un contexte de changement technique, on montre que les agriculteurs construisent de nouvelles représentations et que cette construction est nécessaire pour donner un sens aux innovations et au concept de dégradation introduits par les techniciens.
Résoudre les problèmes de dégradation nécessite d'admettre leur statut de construction sociale et le rôle que les agriculteurs doivent jouer dans la construction d'un concept commun de dégradation.
Farella, Nicolina. "Les fermes de la région frontière du Tapajos en Amazonie brésilienne : relations entre les origines familiales, les pratiques agricoles, les impacts sur les sols et le déboisement /." Montréal : Université du Québec à Montréal, 2005. http://accesbib.uqam.ca/cgi-bin/bduqam/transit.pl?&noMan=24173907.
Full textEn tête du titre: Université du Québec à Montréal. Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Publié aussi en version électronique.
Molnár, Mélinda. "Les rapports à la nature et les modes d'habiter à travers les jardins ouvriers et familiaux en France et en Hongrie, analyse et comparaison." Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010524.
Full textGhimenton, Anna. "ACQUISITION PLURILINGUE CHEZ UN JEUNE ENFANT DE VÉNÉTIE : ÉTUDE DE LA FRÉQUENCE D'USAGE DES LANGUES ET DES INDICES PRAGMATIQUES LORS DES INTERACTIONS FAMILIALES." Phd thesis, Grenoble 3, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00466372.
Full textDa-Costa, Lasne Annie. "La singulière réussite scolaire des enfants d'enseignants : des pratiques éducatives parentales spécifiques ?" Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781692.
Full textGonçalves, Kátia de Freitas. "L'évolution de la politique brésilienne d'aide technique et de vulgarisation agricole (P.N.A.T.E.R) vers le référentiel agroécologique." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR1804/document.
Full textThe Technical Assistance and Rural Extension Brazilian Policy (PNATER) was recently the focus of a radical changing leading up to an agroecological inspiration referential, after a long period, marked by the paradigm of the modernization and the productivism diffusionnist. Our analysis of this changing process, starting from the cognitive approach of Public Policies showed that it is explained especially by the conjunction of the following factors: 1) renewal of the debate on rural extension enhanced by the sustainability paradigm ascension 2) progressive strength of an articulated actors coalition around the project of a new PNATER, focused on the family agriculture and in Agroecology; and 3) a favorable political conjuncture to the institutionalization of this project, especially marked by a commitment between the new "public decisor" (central government and administrative elite) and the aforesaid coalition, and also by the exclusion of the deciding process of the patronal agriculture representatives, for applying hostile principles to agroecology. The support of the international cooperation organisms also favored this radical changing of the so studied policy
Bernier, Cindy. "L'environnement familial des adolescents agresseurs sexuels." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14373.
Full textMiangotar, Yode. "Relation entre l’environnement familial et le comportement sexuel des adolescents au Burkina Faso." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/5222.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to examine the relation between family environment and sexual behavior of adolescents within the context of socialization. The family environment is measured by type of family, union status of the household head, parents’ survival, cohabitation with grandparents and the ratio of people aged less than 20 years to adults in the household. Sexual behavior is captured by the existence and timing of premarital first sexual intercourse, use of condom at first sexual intercourse, number of sexual partners, having a casual sexual partner and systematic use of condom during the last twelve months. Data come from cross-sectional surveys. The findings are presented in three articles (Chapters III to V). A descriptive analysis of family environment in Burkina Faso shows that the large majority of children aged from 0 to 14 years (78.4% in 1993 and 77.6% in 2003) and of adolescents aged from 12 to 19 years (61.1% in 2004) live with both parents who are in either monogamous or polygamous unions. However, some of these children and adolescents also live with parents in households headed by other people. The death of parents (7.7% in 1993 and 7.3% in 2003 for children; 16.5% in 2004 for adolescents), child fostering (10.4% in 1993 and 8.9% in 2003 for children; 26.9% in 2004 for adolescents) and single parenthood (11.2% in 1993 and 13.6% in 2003 for children; 12% in 2004 for adolescents) can affect the nature and quality of the family environment, and the risk for being deprived of the presence of both parents increases during adolescence. There exists a significant statistical association between variables capturing aspects of the family environment and adolescents’ sexual behavior in Burkina Faso. This relation varies according to the specific sexual behavior under study as well as by the adolescents’ gender. For example, we find that the absence of both parents in the household is not systematically associated with more risky sexual behavior. Age at first sexual intercourse is significantly associated with others indicators of sexual behavior of boys and of girls. An early first sexual intercourse (before 14 years) is associated with a greater likelihood of several subsequent more risky sexual behaviors. However, it is less likely to be associated with more sexual partners. The findings lead to recommendations for sexual and reproductive health policies and programs. In Burkina Faso, the priority of future actions should aim at raising of parents’ and guardians’ awareness for the education, support and monitoring of all adolescents, notwithstanding their gender and sexual status. Extra-familial social institutions, such as school, should contribute to support parents’, guardians’ and family members’ effort. A combined strategy of postponing first sexual intercourse and improving sexual education could contribute to protecting sexual and reproductive health in adolescence.
Rioux, Charlie. "De la sensibilité différentielle à la diathèse-stress dans la prédiction de la consommation de substances à l’adolescence : interactions entre l’environnement familial et le tempérament au cours du développement." Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/21164.
Full textComeau, Stéphanie. "Différents parcours de fréquentation des milieux de garde peuvent-ils modérer le lien prédictif entre les caractéristiques socio-familiales et le niveau de préparation scolaire des enfants?" Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10433.
Full textSchool readiness is an important predictor of future academic success. Studies have shown that childcare before kindergarten entry influences academic readiness of children. The objective of this study is to examine which sequences of childcare type are associated with better cognitive and socio-emotional school readiness. The second objective is to examine whether the different sequences of childcare type contribute differently to the school readiness as function of social and family characteristics. 572 children from Quebec were randomly selected from the birth’s register and were followed from 5 months of age until they entered kindergarten. Three sequences of childcare type were considered: continuous home-based care (F-F), home-based care in infancy and center care during preschool period (F-I) and continuous center care (I-I). School readiness of children following one of these sequences of childcare type was compared to those of children who have never used a regular type of care. Cognitive school readiness was assessed with the Lollipop test and socio-emotional school readiness was assessed with the Social Behavior Questionnaire. The sequence of childcare type that promotes the best cognitive school readiness without compromising the socio-emotional dimension is the F-I sequence. Conversely, when the mother had a high level of education (university), children who have stayed at home are as well prepared to enter school as the ones that had followed the F-I sequence of care. Findings of this study confirm the positive contribution of childcare on cognitive development of disadvantaged children. In addition, results of this study specify which sequence of care promotes optimal child development. Attending F-I sequence could reduce the gap between those who are ready to enter school and those who are not and thus ensure that all children start school with the same chance of success. In this way, it would be possible to reduce social inequalities.
Van, Hulst Andraea. "Features of neighbourhood environments associated with obesity and related health behaviours in children: using multiple statistical approaches to identify obesogenic environments." Thèse, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11811.
Full textBackground: Childhood obesity currently poses a major public health challenge worldwide. In an attempt to identify potential targets for population-based prevention strategies, neighbourhood environments are increasingly being investigated in relation to childhood obesity and its behavioural precursors. However, research to date is largely beset by inconsistencies in findings. Purpose: The overarching goal of this thesis is to investigate the contribution of different features of neighbourhood environments in relation to obesity and antecedent behaviours in children. Specific objectives are: 1) To examine associations between children’s residential and school neighbourhood food environments and their dietary intake and behaviours; 2) To examine shared exposure to features of residential neighbourhoods in relation to obesity among family triads (child, mother, and father) and among individual family members; 3) To identify specific combinations of individual, familial, and neighbourhood risk factors that best predict obesity in children, and determine whether these risk factor profiles also predict 2-year changes in obesity. Methods: Data were drawn from the QUALITY Cohort, a Quebec-based study of 630 children aged 8-10 years at baseline with a parental history of obesity. Baseline residential neighbourhood environments of 512 participants living in the Montreal Metropolitan Area were characterised using: 1) geographically linked census and administrative data computed for road network buffers centered on the residential and school locations; and 2) in-person neighbourhood observations conducted within the participants’ residential neighbourhoods. Neighbourhood measures included characteristics of the built, social, and food services environments. Obesity was determined using the body mass index (BMI) computed from measured weight and height at baseline and at follow up. Diet was measured using three 24-hour diet recalls at baseline. Different types of analyses were used including generalised estimating equations, multilevel regressions, and recursive partitioning. Results: Findings point to specific neighbourhood features that are associated with childhood obesity and diet. Most notably, increased availability of convenience stores and fast food restaurants within residential and school neighbourhoods is associated with poorer diets among children. High street-level traffic and low neighbourhood prestige and urban development in residential neighbourhoods are associated with obesity among family triads. Lastly, findings suggest that obesogenic neighbourhood environments characterised by socioeconomic disadvantage, fewer parks, and more convenience stores jointly predict childhood obesity within unique combinations of individual and familial risk factors. Conclusion: This thesis contributes to the literature on neighbourhood environments and childhood obesity by considering the influences of both residential and school neighbourhoods as well as familial environments, by objectively characterising neighbourhoods, and by using innovative statistical approaches. Findings furthermore support the notion that obesity prevention efforts should target multiple risk factors of childhood obesity within the built, social, and family environments of children.
Manningham, Suzanne. "Qualité de l'environnement éducatif dans les services de garde préscolaires au Québec : rôle des caractéristiques de l'éducatrice et une intervention visant à augmenter ses compétences." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6380.
Full textHarbec, Marie-Josée. "Associations prospectives entre l'environnement des repas en famille et le développement bio-psycho-social d'enfants d'âge scolaire." Thèse, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16203.
Full textBackground. Recent research suggests that family meals have a strong influence as a child-rearing environment variable, which could in turn be beneficial to adaptive functioning. Objective. To examine the influence of family meal environment at age 6 on later bio-psycho-social developmental outcomes at age 10. Methods. Participants are from a prospective longitudinal birth cohort of 1 085 girls and 1 138 boys from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD) with parent-reported data on family meal environment at age 6. We conducted a series of ordinary least-squares regressions in which children’s scores on parent reports of general fitness and soft drink consumption, teacher reports of reading and mathematics success, as well as child self-reports of physical aggression, opposition behavior, non-aggressive delinquency, and reactive aggression, were linearly regressed on early family meal environment. Results. A healthier family meal environment at age 6 predicted the following outcomes at age 10: increases in general fitness (β = 0.24; 95%confidence interval [CI], 0.12 to 0.36) and decreases in soft drink consumption (β = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.62 to -0.23), physical aggression (β = -0.38; 95% CI, -0.58 to -0.18), opposition behavior (β = -0.72; 95% CI, -1 to -0.4), non-aggressive delinquency (β = -0.33; 95% CI, -0.50 to -0.17), and reactive aggression (β = -0.70; 95% CI, -0.98 to -0.42). Surprisingly, family meal environment was not significantly related to school achievement. Conclusions. From a population-health perspective, family meals have a strong long-term influence on child development, with respect to health habits and social adjustment. Therefore, they could be potentially featured in an informative campaign on mental and physical health of young people.
Jarry, Valérie. "Analyse des facteurs biodémographiques, sociéconomiques et familiaux de la longévité exceptionnelle." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12328.
Full textA growing body of literature has documented the multiple and complex factors and pathways through which longevity and mortality in old age may be shaped. It appears indeed that surviving to a very old age is modulated by a familial component, whether it arises from environmental or genetic confounds. The scientific debate on longevity and its determinants has put considerable interest in studying the centenarians and the role of shared early life conditions have been addressed extensively in the literature, but those two elements have rarely been mixed together. The main objective of my research thesis is to discuss some of the key factors involved in aging and longevity with a focus on the role of family determinants and shared frailty. More specifically, it aims to (1) highlight the central importance of family on exceptional longevity by examining similarity in age at death among siblings and between spouses; (2) examine whether there is a persisting effect of maternal age and birth order on exceptional survival when both variables are considered and adjusted for season of birth; and (3) investigate whether early life factors, such as the socioeconomic background, shape the course of aging and longevity and whether this association is mediated by the socioeconomic status in adulthood. Our analysis rest upon family-based samples of siblings of centenarians and controls born in Québec at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century which compile information from the Canadian Census and Quebec vital statistics registers. The results, in the form of scientific articles, have shown that siblings of centenarians lived longer compared to members of their birth cohort suggesting the existence of a genetic component to longevity. However, there is also a survival benefit for spouses of centenarians compared to the general population which implies that longevity is also modulated by the shared environment in adulthood (1st article). Furthermore, the within-family analysis has shown that elements of the unshared early life environment, such as maternal age at reproduction, birth order and season of birth, not only have an independent impact on exceptional survival but also interact with one another to create vulnerabilities for later-life mortality (2nd article). Finally, the use of a longitudinal framework engaging both biodemographic and socioeconomic factors emphasize the contribution of early life conditions in longevity inequalities both directly and indirectly through adult profession. The influence of socioeconomic conditions in childhood were stronger for men of the general population compared to brothers of centenarians and early life origin showed almost no effect for women (3rd article).
Rebsamen, Brice. "Une chaise roulante contrôlée par ondes cérébrales pour la navigation dans un environnement familier." Phd thesis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00459007.
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