Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environnement sain'
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Bentirou, Mathlouthi Rahma. "Le droit à un environnement sain en droit européen." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAD001/document.
Full textThe subject of this study focuses exclusively on the right to a healthy environment in European law as it is defined by the two major European legal systems which constitute this right: Council of Europe and European Union. It seems fundamental to understand how these two complementary but also competing legal orders can be seized in a similar way or, on the contrary, significantly different from the great challenge of the right to a healthy environment. The choice to study the right to an environment in a European context is justified by the special approach offered by European law as a field of analysis. Indeed, the two organizations and their respective legal orders, the European Union and the Council of Europe, are two systems that work differently, which are driven by singular objectives but which do not exclude certain reconciliations. Thus the right to a healthy environment in Europe is most often apprehended from two different approaches. On the one hand, the "droit de l’hommiste" angle, very much favored by the Council of Europe, which claims its pioneering role in the protection of human rights, democracy and the rule of law . On the other hand, the European Union, first conceived as an Economic Union and an organization that remains fundamentally driven by economic objectives. Of course, the EU also defends and protects human rights. But the healthy environment or the high level of environmental protection that is its corollary is more frequently confronted with fundamental freedoms guaranteed by the EU, in particular freedom of movement within the framework of the internal market. This balance between the human right approach and the internal market approach is very specific to EU law. European law will be studied in a systemic approach: process of norm production. This specificity of European law to the healthy environment and its dynamics deserve to be apprehended both from the point of view of the recognition of right and its implementation, which we will see that it is animated by springs specific to each of organizations, but which are not necessarily exclusive of each other
Perruso, Camila. "Le droit à un environnement sain en droit international." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01D050.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to study the scope of the right to a healthy environment in international law. This human right is apprehended as the result of interactions between international human rights law and international environmental law as well as among different normative ensembles for the protection of human rights. This right is witnessing a remarkable rise within countries and legal systems of human rights protection. By retracing the various stages of its progressive development, this thesis aims to identify its contours, both formally and materially. It then considers the implementation of this right through the related obligations and the control that can be achieved. As a result, it seems fair to suggest that the conditions are now in place to recognise its universal scope. In addition, this thesis considers the right to a healthy environment as one of the possible responses to the environmental crisis which calls for a renewal of the relationships that humans have with nature. It is in the light of this axiological perspective that the right to a healthy environment is analysed
Baumann, Paul. "Le droit à un environnement sain au sens de la Convention européenne des droits de l'homme." Thesis, Nantes, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NANT3007/document.
Full textThe right to a healthy environment is not stated in the text of the European Convention on Human Rights. However, this fact did not prevent the European judge, starting in the 1980s, from progressively setting up a protective plan that helped deal with this lack. Firstly, a specific body of case law was brought together. Its structure being formed by means of the technique of positive obligations, this law is analysed as a "right to the protection" of a healthy environment, the purpose of which is not the protection of nature but essentially aims at human environmental security, including mankind's man's living space. Secondly, the study of implementation of the protection under the terms of the Convention disclosed a discrepancy between the Praetorian development and the effective authority of the right to a healthy environment under the ECHR. Findings of Convention violations are infrequent. The judge's sanction is issued only on the grounds of exceptional circumstances, stemming from the seriousness of environmental harm and the discrepant situations judged on the basis of internal law. A first explanation is the inadequacy of European human rights with regard to the complexity of environmental litigation. However besides this "technical" obstacle there is a second "political" one. Analysis thus reveals the case law strategy of a judge who does not feel vested with sufficient legitimacy to intervene in litigations that mainly implicate freedom to the foundation stone of European liberal democracies. The right to a healthy environment might therefore in such a context be openly viewed as a mere exception to the freedom to destroy it
Rousseau, Steven. "Essai sur le rôle des principes de prévention et de précaution dans la reconnaissance d’un droit positif à un environnement sain et respectueux de la biodiversité au Québec." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8168.
Full textAbstract : Legislative action regarding environmental protection in Québec is characterized by the establishment of wide discretionary powers, which allow the governement to maintain a healthful environment in which biodiversity is preserved to the extent that it has previously determined. However, this situation does not go without critics, such definition of environmental rights and powers have proven ill-adapted in many respects to deal with modern ecological issues. This essay aims to put forth another interpretation of the rules constituting Quebec’s environmental law. It is argued that the Sustainable Development Act, which was enacted in 2006, can be interpreted so as to transform the paradigm of environmental law, even so far as to systematize this legal subsystem. More specifically, this paper try to demonstrate that the principles of prevention and precaution provided for by this Act, far from being only incentive principles, can be interpreted as imposing an underlying duty to the Administration’s powers to maximize the probability of maintaining a healthy environment. Associated with provision 46.1 of Quebec Charter of human rights and freedoms, which should, however, be reinterpreted so as to secure the overall environmental rights and duties to the liability regime provided for by this fundamental law, these principles would thus constitute the substance of a right to a healthy environment in which biodiversity is preserved. The second part of this essay aims to consider the content of such a duty, and to foresee the consequences of its judicial application.
André, Lucas. "Couplage excitation-métabolisme-contraction dans le coeur sain et insuffisant : mécanismes physiopathologiques, influence d'une pollution atmosphérique et stratégies préventives." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T006/document.
Full textAbstract non available
DURLENT, VINCENT. "Equilibre, posture et stabilometrie : informatisation d'une plate-forme de force kistler utilisee comme statokinesimetre en environnement normalise ; etude posturographique preliminaire du systeme postural fin de l'adulte et de l'enfant sain de 7 ans." Amiens, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993AMIEM107.
Full textCochet, Caroline. "Bruit et urbanisme : Une approche juridique." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AGUY0711/document.
Full textNoise is considered as a real pollution for the quality of life. Law has been requested to respond the multi-form cases of noise pollution. The matter is firstly the concern of environmental law. It is especially treated in a sectorial way. Town planning law also seizes the question, in a diffuse way, as environmental issue, or in a specific way when noise pollutions are directly caused by the use of grounds.However, under the influence of more and more pervasive environmental law, and further to the new legislation resulting from the Grenelle of the environment, town planning law underwent a deep transformation. It has been rewritten on the basis of new environmental objectives and of sustainable development. Town planning law also absorbs many other juridical sectors. Therefore it appears as a global space law and living environment law, allowing to improve the sound context.The perception of noise has changed, as well as its consideration into town planning law. Town planning law can be considered as a favorable measure to develop a more global and unified approach of the very composite legal system against noise pollution.The study of the relationship between noise and town planning highlights new manners to consider noise into space and living environment, differently from the classic approach imposed by environmental law
Milon, Pauline. "Analyse théorique du statut juridique de la nature." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0051.
Full textThis thesis questions the legal status of nature through a theoretical analysis. Reflecting on the status of nature is tantamount to questioning the singularity of the link between man and nature: is it a relationship that induces a scale of value with a subsequent hierarchy, or rather a relationship without hierarchy but with links of interdependence? Eventually, the idea is the idea is to escape from a dualistic logic separating man from nature. Nature is first reified by law. Object of law, defined by and for men, nature is considered as a thing, a good or an heritage. But this thesis is above all the observation of an evolution of the status of nature which can no longer be considered today only as an object. The socio-political evolution accompanies a movement aiming at the progressive subjectivization of nature. A rebalancing then occurs, "desacralizing" man as he persists in cutting himself from the rest of nature
Cirelli, Claudia. "Environnement et usage de l' eau." Paris 8, 2006. http://octaviana.fr/document/11844736X#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis research analyses the controversial approaches of the use of the wastewater in irrigated agriculture and of the social and spacial system related to it. This use of wastewater, a mode of treatment closely related to the modernization of cities of the end of the XIXth and the beginning of the XXth century, is now regarded as hazardous. Nevertheless this pratice keeps spreading around fast growing cities and is often promoted as an efficient tool of development policies. This thesis approaches on a global level the emergence of these agricultural practices and the debate they give rise to. As far as the Mexican case is concerned (in particular the town of San Luis Potosi), it analyses the links between those practices and urban and environmental policies. It also studies the influence of those policies on the ways in which the actors of territories shaped by wastewater use try to maintain their activities in suburban areas
Desgagné, Patrice. "Aspects de la productivité primaire et secondaire d'un réservoir hydroélectrique québécois, le lac Saint-Jean." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0001/MQ43287.pdf.
Full textQuerrec, Lydia. "Reconstitution des environnements holocènes et historiques dans le cours inférieur de la rivière Saint-Charles, Québec." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29080/29080.pdf.
Full textThis dissertation documents the environmental history of Québec City, preceding and after the first European establishments in New France. Archaeological excavations at the Intendant Palace’s site, in Lower Town, has revealed an undisturbed sedimentary sequence and a section of a wooden palisade. This research is based on environmental and historical analyses and includes three sections. The first chapter describes a paleoecological reconstruction at two sites (Intendant’s Palace: PDI and Chateauguay: CHAT) located on the lower course of the Saint-Charles River, and dating as far back as the mid-Holocene up to the beginning of the European settlement of Quebec City. Geomorphological and macrofossil data along with a chronological framework established by using radiocarbon dating, suggest that the former river floodplain was influenced by two marine transgressions (Laurentian and Mitis). Macrofossil assemblages at the two sites indicate that the late-Holocene vegetation consisted of a mosaic of plant communities largely influenced by the local topography and proximity to the river bank. In the second chapter, we document the ecological and historical contexts of palisade construction at PDI. White cedar (Thuja occidentalis L.) posts were used to erect this defensive structure, a species which was probably common in the site’s vicinity. Based on tree-ring data from archeological wood, we conclud that the palisade was quickly assembled in 1690 and 1691, for protection against enemy attacks. A long regional tree-ring chronology for white cedar, called the Saint-Laurent chronology (1489-2001), was constructed from the posts analysed. In the third chapter, we synthesize historical data in order to identify the environmental perceptions of the first european occupants of the Quebec City region and, to a broader scale, of New France. During the 17th and 18th centuries, Europeans experienced their new environment often through contacts with indigenous populations. Human settlement was possible through human adaptation to this new territory with the aim of exploiting its resources. Discovery of New France reflects the learned society’s passion for sciences and a sensitivity to nature.
Petsoko, Maturin. "Exploitation minière et droits fondamentaux en droit camerounais - Recherche d'une conciliation entre developpement économique et droit à la santé et à la vie." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSE3018.
Full textAlthough mining is useful because it generates revenues, it also raises difficulties because it undermines some legally protected interests. This is why it is criticized for its many negative externalities that hurt some fundamental rights, as the right to health, and finally, the right to life. The question is whether to give it up or whether to maintain it. The solution seems to be maintenance, but for that, it must be reconciled with environmental and social considerations. The research question is how to organize a mining operation that ensures the preservation of the right to health and the right to life ? To organize the conciliation between these imperatives is the object of this thesis. It is justified not only by the usefulness of mining, but also by the interests attached to the protection of fundamental rights.Faced with this difficulty, the Cameroonian legislator has taken some important, but insufficient measures that need to be completed. The analysis reveals that the regulations do not give the necessary guarantees of a legal security that would integrate both the preservation of the general interest and the private interests of mining operators, and the fundamental rights of the citizens. These legal uncertainties call for further reflection so that the technical, scientific, health and environmental uncertainties raised by mining should fully be taken into account. This is the reason why several proposals have been made to optimize this conciliation. To this end, sustainable development appears as the martingale of the reconciliation of diverging interests.Conciliation involves the avoidance of damages on the one hand and the curative treatment of the negatives effects of mining on health and life on the other. Although the field of experimentation of research is Cameroon, the analysis remains mobilizable in others contexts
Moncelon, Françoise. "Étude biochimique comparée du métabolisme cellulaire d'épicéas sains et d'épicéas dépérissants vivant dans un environnement pollué." Paris 11, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA112409.
Full textLorrain, Anne. "Utilisation de la coquille Saint-Jacques comme traceur environnemental : approches biologique et biogéochimique." Phd thesis, Université de Bretagne occidentale - Brest, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00452437.
Full textCirelli, Claudia. "Environnement et usages de l' eau. Pratiques agricoles à risque aux marges des villes mexicaines." Phd thesis, Université Paris VIII Vincennes-Saint Denis, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00180886.
Full textDang, Vu Hiep. "Phases d'initiation et de propagation de la corrosion des armatures du béton armé fissuré en environnement carbonique ou salin." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ISAT0039/document.
Full textThis thesis aims to study the reinforcement corrosion embedded in reinforced concrete structures on both initiation and propagation of corrosion and its long-term consequences on the service life of structures. Firstly, a long-term study on the conditions for the initiation and propagation of corrosion in saline environment is presented and the first results confirm the early initiation of corrosion, but shows that the influence of pre-cracks on the propagation of corrosion depends on their conditions of exposure and concrete cover thickness. A study was conducted in carbon dioxide condition with presence of cracks to examine its impact on the initiation and propagation of corrosion. The results showed that whatever the mechanical crack opening, the crack edge and the steel-concrete interface were carbonated. Carbonation of the steel-concrete interface is likely to be due to mechanical damage induced by loading and stress transfer from the steel to mortar when creating cracks. This damage is also caused by the presence of internal micro-cracks around the steel bar. Following exposure to wetting-drying cycles, corrosion develops throughout the reinforcement but with a greater thickness of rust layer on the underside of the reinforcement where the quality of the interface is weaker. The results showed that the corrosion cracking induced by the development of rust layer arises from internal micro-cracks due to mechanical damage. This result is consistent with the development of corrosion cracks observed previously in saline environment. Another part of the thesis is to study the residual mechanical properties of corroded reinforced concrete beams of 26-28 years exposed to a saline environment under bending load. The behavior of single tensile steel corroded extracted from these corroded beams is studied. It is very difficult to know the true stress of tensile steels corroded "naturally" in concrete contaminated by exposure to chlorides. Indeed, the corrosion induced by chlorides leads to create corrosion pits with various geometries that make it difficult to determine accurately the residual steel cross-section. However, it appears that the true yield stress is unaffected, the true ultimate stress is slightly increased by corrosion but the total elongation at failure is drastically reduced by the presence of pitting corrosion. The effect of reinforcement corrosion on flexural behavior is then studied. The corrosion resulted in a change in failure mode, from concrete crushing in compression after yielding of tensile steel to brittle failure of tension reinforcement. The decrease of the load bearing capacity is proportional to the loss of steel section in the mid-span section. The loss of ductility or decrease in deflection at failure of reinforced concrete beams is very important and could be the limiting factor for the service life of corroded RC structures. It appears that the change in ductility of corroded reinforced concrete beam is correlated with the change in ductility of the steel due to corrosion. The effect of corrosion on the shear behavior is then studied. To make this, the short-shear span beams (deep beams) were tested under three point bending until failure. The results showed that corrosion can lead to changes in mechanical behavior but load bearing capacity of deep beams is generally unaffected by corrosion of longitudinal reinforcement and stirrups. These results can be explained by a coupled behavior between arch action and beam action leading to change in load transfer mechanism and failure mode. In addition, the capacity of straight end anchorage of corroded reinforcement appears to be very much higher than expected despite the presence of corrosion cracks. Concrete confinement effect due to the end support reaction and the “natural” corrosion condition which do not lead to a homogeneous damage all around perimeter of re-bars may explain these surprising results
Vallette, Chloé. "L'environnement s'invite en ville : l'action collective face aux risques environnementaux dans la Grande Aire Métropolitaine de San José (Costa Rica)." Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN1695.
Full textThe Quebrada Seca River opens a desolate breach in the Great Metropolitan Area (GAM) of San José, Costa Rica’s capital. This small river, corseted between buildings, shows its grey rocks and brown dirt to neighbouring houses’ windowless walls. Clues of abandonment are everywhere. Yet, several collectives gathering inhabitants, technicians and scientists, take action in order to reduce environmental risks linked to Quebrada Seca (flooding, erosion, pollution). In formulating the tangible problems they are affected by in terms of environmental risks (Mormont, 2009), these collectives strongly criticize the urban socio-political organization. They question the accuracy of administrative territories and of communal identities. They propose specific types of territorial organization, and original collective commitment forms. Our thesis is that dealing with environmental risks allow these city dwellers to create a particular kind of urbanity (Capron and Monnet, 2000), a way of living together, that go beyond urban planning’s strict projections
Richard, François. "Étude comparative de la condition et de l'état reproducteur de morues, Gadus morhua, du fjord du Saguenay et du Golfe Saint-Laurent." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq25812.pdf.
Full textRichard, François. "Étude comparative de la condition et de l'état reproducteur de morues (Gadus morhua) du Fjord du Saguenay et du Golfe Saint-Laurent /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1997. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textChevalier, Michel. "Analyse coûts-bénéfices et environnement : le projet d'aménagement du bassin versant de la Rivière San Juan en République dominicaine." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/mq20910.pdf.
Full textPouliot, Daniel. "Développement, croissance et environnement des têtards de grenouille léopard du Nord (Rana pipiens) dans la plaine inondable du lac Saint-Pierre /." Thèse, Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://www.uqtr.ca/biblio/notice/resume/30008809R.pdf.
Full textLe corps du travail est ridigé sous forme de 3 articles scientifiques. CaQQUQ Comprend des réf. bibliogr. Également disponible en format microfiche et PDF. CaQTU
Pouliot, Daniel. "Développement, croissance et environnement des têtards de grenouille léopard du Nord (Rana pipiens) dans la plaine inondable du lac Saint-Pierre." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2007. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/1315/1/030008809.pdf.
Full textLeroy, Maya. "Gestion stratégique des écosystèmes dans un contexte d’aide internationale : engagements environnementaux et dispositifs de gestion dans la vallée du fleuve Sénégal." Paris, ENGREF, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004ENGR0022.
Full textIn three decades, international conventions have become a major tool for public action in the field of the environment. They offer the double promise of action that is broadly based on agreement and a strong commitment to collective responsibility. But what is the environmental effectiveness of these commitments? Are they followed by effects? The question arises for international conventions, as for all public, international, national or territorial environmental policies. In response, widespread today's approaches that see negotiation as coordination, cooperation or market principles are lacking. Normative evaluation frameworks are essential in this context, as well as the dimensions of power and strategy. In this perspective of strategic environmental management analysis, it is necessary to carry out fieldwork that clearly enlight the announcements of collective environmental responsibility in one hand and on the other, the concrete evolutions of the state of the environment the acts that cause them. In the case of the Senegal river valley, a vast floodplain of a river that crosses four states, we have analyzed several management measures put in place to take charge of the environment (the Mitigation and Monitoring Environmental Impacts Program of Senegal River Development -PASIE, Left Bank Management Plan and Planning -PDRG and Senegalese Environmental Planning: Regional Action Plan for the Environment -PRAE and the Regional Conservation Strategy Of Biodiversity - SRCB). It shows that they are far from taking care of the responsibilities to be assumed, particularly in the context of the Ramsar (wetlands) and biodiversity conventions. The thesis analyzes in depth the causes of this state of affairs. It identifies the consequences and replaces them in the broader picture of the long-term vicissitudes of development actions whose effectiveness and sustainability are highly questionable
Morin, Andréanne. "Étude d'association entre l'asthme et les gènes associés à ce phénotype et à la pollution de l'air, dans un échantillon d'asthme provenant d'un environnement régional caractérisé par différentes industries." Thèse, Université Laval, 2012. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2524/1/030358616.pdf.
Full textAudet, Marie-Josée. "Éducation à l'environnement et tourisme, conception d'un modèle d'intervention en Sagamie, Québec /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textEn tete du titre: Memoire presente a l'Universite du Quebec a Chicoutimi comme exigence partielle de la maitrise en etudes regionales. CaQCU Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU
Taugourdeau, Olivier. "Le sapin pectiné (Abies alba Mill., PINACEAE) en contexte méditerranéen : développement architectural et plasticité phénotypique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20196/document.
Full textThe aim of this work is to assess silver fir phenotypic plasticity with an architectural approach. This work take place in the context of understanding perennial plant development linked with their environment and the context of climate change in the Mediterranean region.For this, ex-situ (shading and watering treatments) and in-situ (shading and elevation gradients) studies were performed. They consist of the study of architectural traits variability, mainly measured at annual shoot scale, linked with plant architecture and environment.The results are the quantification of silver firs development up to reproductive tree and the quantification of plastic responses to light and hydric environment and climate. The concept of architectural plasticity and it consequences was also discussed
Leblanc, Michaël. "Étude agropédologique de la ferme expérimentale de Saint-Bruno." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26690/26690.pdf.
Full textMahjoubi, Habib. "Nouvelle stratégie d'amélioration de la productivité végétale en condition de stress environnemental via un meilleur contrôle du cycle cellulaire." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ059/document.
Full textSalt stress is one of the main environmental factors limiting plant growth and yield in cereal crops. It is therefore imperative to develop varieties more tolerant to salt stress in order to increase yield and ensure food security. The signaling pathway linking salt stress perception to cellular response was addressed here by studying RSS1-like proteins in plants. RSS1 (Rice Salt Sensitive 1) protein plays an important role in salt stress tolerance. It acts at the interface of stress perception and developmental control and division in meristems. During this work, the RSS1 counterpart named TdRL1 (Triticum durum RSS-Like 1) was isolated from the durum wheat Tunisian variety "Oum Rabiaa". We have demonstrated that TdRL1 carries the conserved D and DEN-Box motifs involved in the post-translational regulation of the protein. In addition, we show that TdRL1 is the functional homologue of RSS1 since it was able to complement the loss-of-function mutant rss1, hypersensitive to salt stress. In addition, heterologous expression of TdRL1 enhances salt stress tolerance in yeast and in Arabidopsis by increasing germination and reducing the accumulation of reactive oxygen species. Our cytological studies have shown that the TdRL1 protein is cytoplasmic in interphase and is localized at the spindle during mitosis. Remarkably, TdRL1 changes its subcellular localization under salt stress treatment and shows a partial accumulation in the nucleus, highlighting the multifunctional nature of this protein during salt stress response. Our data suggest that under salt stress, TdRL1 plays a role in the regulation of the cell cycle in relation with the microtubule network. Pursuing the study of RSS1-like multifunctional proteins will open up new research areas for the creation of wheat varieties that are more resilient to environmental stresses
Martin-Brelot, Helene. "TIC ET TERRITOIRES LOCAUX DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE DE DEVELOPPEMENT DURABLE. L'EXPERIENCE RHIZOME – TV FIL 78 – SAINT-QUENTIN-EN-YVELINES." Phd thesis, Ecole normale supérieure de lyon - ENS LYON, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00129026.
Full textUne approche technique et historique des télécommunications, de l'audiovisuel et de l'informatique permet d'éclairer le phénomène de convergence numérique et d'identifier les obstacles à la diffusion spatiale des TIC. L'appropriation des TIC par différents types d'usagers, individuels ou collectifs, devient l'enjeu principal des politiques visant à réduire la fracture numérique. Les innovations matérielles et réglementaires contribuent en effet à réduire l'écart entre les territoires connectés et les autres.
Pôle économique et technologique majeur de l'ouest parisien proche de Versailles, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines s'avère un terrain privilégié d'analyse de la relation territoire-communication. Construite en 30 ans dans le cadre d'une Opération d'intérêt national (1972-2002), la Ville Nouvelle s'apparente à un laboratoire d'urbanisme, d'architecture, d'intercommunalité et de participation citoyenne. Les étapes de la construction urbaine sont mises en relation avec les pratiques d'information et de communication qui ont marqué la géographie de ce territoire hétérogène, aujourd'hui en quête de cohésion et d'un projet participatif.
L'objectif d'évolution vers la ville durable, conciliant exigences écologiques, économiques et sociales nécessite un travail continu d'identification et de diffusion du patrimoine informationnel produit par les acteurs locaux. Cette hypothèse est confirmée par l'analyse d'une série de magazines sur l'environnement (2001-2004), Rhizome, produite et diffusée par la télévision locale TV FIL 78. La contribution de la chaîne à la construction de la territorialité saint-quentinoise passe par la promotion de liens durables entre les acteurs de l'environnement et par des synergies entre espaces physiques et virtuels de communication.
Barnier, Madeleine. "Hydrocarbures et acides gras présents dans les milieux marins "propres" : Méditerranée (site de Port-Cros), région subantarctique (îles Amsterdam et Saint Paul)." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30038.
Full textMaldonado-González, Ana-Lucia. "La contribution de l'organisation communautaire et des participants à un mode de gouvernance civique en environnement dans trois régions administratives du Québec." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/20007.
Full textBrisson, Carl. "Discours, législations et pratiques de la gestion polyvalente des milieux forestiers publics sagamiens, 1960-1994 /." Thèse, Chicoutimi : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, Groupe de recherche et d'intervention régionales, 1994. http://theses.uqac.ca.
Full textBernabé, Emmanuelle. "Les mécanismes d'altération des monuments historiques en environnement océanique et rural : application à la conservation de l'église Saint Nonna de Penmarc'h et de Basilique Notre-Dame du Folgoët." Aix-Marseille 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996AIX30123.
Full textPotok, Frédéric. "Partenariat public-OSBL populaire dans le cadre d'un programme environnemental : le programme Zones d'intervention prioritaire." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25398/25398.pdf.
Full textNAVARRE, JEAN-CHRISTOPHE. "Stratigraphie genetique du groupe du mesa verde (bassin de san juan) : preservation differentielle des environnements de plaine cotiere et de littoral domine par les vagues." Rennes 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN10174.
Full textKaratsori, Eleni. "Environnement végétal de l'homme fossile et climats en Ligurie pendant le dernier cycle climatique et le postglaciaire : Étude palynologique des sites préhistoriques italiens de Caverna delle Fate, de Arma delle Manie (finale Ligure) et de San Francesco (San Remo)." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MNHN0004.
Full textLegrand, Marine. "La mise en ordre écologique des parcs urbains : savoirs, pratiques et paysages : exemple d'un grand parc francilien." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0008.
Full textIn France, local public authorities have taken a growing interest in ecological landscape management of urban parks and gardens since the 1980’s. It results in the emergence of a new landscape model that embodies the encounter between two tendencies in urban territories. First, the growing influence of biological sciences on urban planning through the “urban ecology” political horizon. Second, the enlargement of nature conservation policies, that starts to include ordinary nature and urban biodiversity. The aim of this PhD was to analyse the relations between local practices, knowledge construction and landscape production, implied by the attempt of a local public authority to reconcile urban leisure and biodiversity conservation in the same place without segregation. This work was based on an ethnographic study in the Seine-Saint-Denis district near Paris, where a local model was created to express this idea, the “harmonious management” model. It emerged after a conflict about the preservation of a marsh in a large park built in the 1960’s. Today the 400 ha of the park welcome more than 2 million visitors per year. The fact that the park shelters rare birds and amphibian species, pointed at local associations, has led to the integration of this place to a Natura 2000 site. The park history is closely linked to the influence of the hygienist ideology on the urbanisation of Paris region. In contrast with this history, the redefinition of the environmental public action is associated to the implication of local public authorities in considering biodiversity as a management objective. It leads to the creation a new institutional landscape model, which management is at the confluence between horticulture and ecosystem restoration. This redefinition goes along with the reconfiguration of knowledge and practices legitimacies, where scientific approaches gain influence. The rationalisation of public action toward biodiversity conservation also goes along with the production of new constraints for city-dweller practices, and surveillance devices, which are nonetheless never complete
Barats, Aurélie. "Micro analyse quantitative des éléments traces dans la calcite de la coquille Saint Jacques (Pecten maximus) par Ablation Laser ICP-MS : une archive journalière de la biogéochimie des environnements côtiers tempérés." Phd thesis, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00125075.
Full textGluard, L. "Evolution des fonds sédimentaires sous l'influence de la divagation des chenaux aux abords du Mont- Saint-Michel." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00919045.
Full textRenière, Keven. "Proposition d'un cadre de gestion des impacts des visiteurs avec techniques de monitorage environnemental pour la réserve mondiale de biosphère du Lac-Saint-Pierre : cas de l'île du Milieu et de la Commune." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2011. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/2706/1/030294733.pdf.
Full textPerrot, Annick. "Une société littorale en Cotentin au XVIIIe siècle : Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue et ses gens de mer." Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMC025.
Full textThis thesis is presented in the form of an investigation carried out in an 18th-century coastal society of Normandy, in order to apprehend the ties linking seafarers, people living by and of the sea, with the other inhabitants of the shore, as well as what may separate them, in a world that is, at first glance, turned towards the sea. The framework of the study is the natural harbour of La Hougue, on the east coast of the Cotentin, which shelters the population of Saint-Vaast-la-Hougue, the object of our investigations.An introductory chapter presents the conditions of opening onto the high sea off this coastal settlement under the supervision of a vivid institutional meshing, from the parish to the maritime district. Next, a first part is devoted to an historical study of demography, by means of a comparative analysis between the socio-professional group of seafarers, those living by and owing their livelihood to the sea and representing more than half the population, and the other inhabitants. The reconstruction of several hundred destinies has allowed for bringing out the specific behaviour of the maritime population when it comes to marriage or death. A second part is reserved for the exploitation of riparian and halieutic resources and their evolution, analysing the way in which the inhabitants put this coveted area to good use. By following the notary doing estimates, clues to living standards and the way of life came to light after safes and armoires were opened. Finally, the last part tends to emphasise the particularities and constraints of a border environment that determines the life of all the residents of Saint-Vaast, whereas the identity outlines of the sea folk become apparent by means of signifiers, of which the principal marker consisted of mandatory service on the vessels of the royal State, which differentiated them profoundly from the rest of the population
Lancelot, Brigitte. "La gestion automatisée des réseaux d'assainissement : analyse d'un processus d'innovation technique." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523044.
Full textMathias, Virginie. "Communications et Informations sur l'alimentation et la nutrition dites bénéfiques pour la santé : les influences sur les savoirs et pratiques corporelles d'adultes vivant en France contemporaine." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20657/document.
Full textOur survey studies the speeches on “healthy diet” in contemporary France.Whether they come from medical, scientific, political groups or from governmentalor not institutions, or from the population, they are polysemous.They build themselves in time and produce a social standard which relies onrecurring topics such as balance or the food variety.The idea of a healthy diet is supported by such myths as eternal youth, superman,social harmony and purity.With these choices, the subjects build up for themselves a plurality of dietaryidentities. Healthy food models are in connection with the region of residence, thephysical status, the religion, the sex, the age and the social images of food.The food identity, process of differentiation and resemblance evolves and bringspeople to the renunciation of themselves to go and meet the other one, his or herfood universe and become “one equal to the other one".We draw eaters' portraits put on a diet by their society and who feel an appetite fortheir health in social interaction. Then, we illustrate messages on “the healthydiet” with collective and also individual reinterpretations. People are going to payattention to the information and the communications on food and the nutrition saidbeneficial for health from the moment these messages fit their way of life.Eating is a sign of the physical intention of the human being. Food makes a"healthy" sexual body. However in the contemporary world food releases negativeaspects: the food risks. Nowadays, arise from food fears even nutritional diseasesat the "normal" man.A healthy diet is a control lever for the manipulation of the subjects and revealactors' logics. Biomedical tools serve then a dominant physical aesthetics andprovide an "idealized" human body along with “medical care”. Is health anappearance of aesthetic beauty?
Furgerot, Lucille. "Propriétés hydrodynamiques du mascaret et de son influence sur la dynamique sédimentaire : Une approche couplée en canal et in situ (estuaire de la Sée, Baie du Mont Saint Michel)." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01061118.
Full textBoiné, Kévin. "La chaleur urbaine en climat nordique : évaluation et représentation à l'échelle du piéton." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28197.
Full textHuman comfort is essential in relation to urban heat issues related to global climate changes. City centers generally associate with a high concentration of pedestrians and still represent the district prone to urban heat. This research studies lighting and thermal atmospheres to evaluate and represent urban heat at the pedestrian scale in an urban center of Quebec City, Canada, which consists of a cold climate. The study on urban heat islands in the Saint-Jean-Baptiste and Cap-Blanc districts was performed at the pedestrian scale to visualize the perception of urban heat in summer. The research uses an architectural stroll, the urban walk, to carry out a survey of the environment physical properties. The urban walk designates the in situ sensory experience of a pedestrian in the city, La promenade urbaine. An innovative spatio-temporal representational strategy characterizes the results of the research. The results are thus synthesized along a spatial axis in ordinate and a temporal axis on the abscissa. Qualitative and quantitative measurements according to the human field of vision describe the urban promenade. The developed methodology enables to establish an experimental protocol linking environmental physical data (surface and air temperatures) and photographic data. The results allow locating the physical elements favoring the phenomenon of urban heat island through the study of the materials used on the surface. The spatio-temporality of the results compares the different urban types encountered during the urban walk in Quebec City. Results illustrate two different levels of environmental interpretations of the ambient evaluations in relation to urban heat island. The first level consists of a comparative study of two urban types through lighting and thermal reactions of surfaces while the second consists of a longitudinal study on the experience of a pedestrian during a complete urban walk.
Kermagoret, Charlène. "La compensation des impacts sociaux et écologiques pour les projets d'aménagement : acceptation, perceptions et préférences des acteurs du territoire. Application au projet de parc éolien en mer de la baie de Saint-Brieuc (Bretagne,France)." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0126/document.
Full textIn the context of a territory suffering from the negative impacts of an infrastructure declared of public utility, territorial compensation consists of a set of measure that aims to help maintaining the level of well-being of each and every individual as well as a desirable ecological state. This way, territorial compensation allows to balance between the global scale of the project, in which only the positive impacts are taken into account, and the local scale where both positive and negative externalities of the project are running. Initiated by a questioning on how such a public policy tool can be deployed at the heart of specific territories, the main objective of this PhD work is to characterize the expectation of local stakeholders towards the perceived impacts awaited from the instatement of a development project. More specifically, this work relies on an analytical approach centered on the study of the perception of the stakeholders of the Bay of St-Brieuc territory (Western Brittany, France), who are directly concerned by an offshore wind farm project. To reach suchaims, complementary qualitative and quantitative methods are used such as fuzzy cognitive mapping and choice experiment method. Using this kind of approaches allowed us to better define several keys for understanding how local stakeholders perceive the impacts of such a project and agree or not with compensation being an appropriate answer regarding the negative impacts of the project and consider the implementation of compensation in reference to their preferences towards different types of action – monetary incentives, public goods investments, ecological restoration. Our results show very heterogeneous perceptions in between the different stakeholders that can in a large part beexplained using the concept of Communities of Practice. Finally, when the principle of compensation is accepted by allthe stakeholders of a territory, the equivalency logical that determines the compensation expectations can be of three types: a territorial equivalency, in which the benefits of compensation must be shared by all inhabitants of the impacted territory; an ecological equivalency, in which the level of ecological functions or ecosystem services is maintained constant; and an equivalency based on economic values that must balance the loss of benefits underwent by some professional activities
Chebbo, Ghassan. "Solides des rejets pluviaux urbains : caractérisation et traitabilité." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale des Ponts et Chaussées, 1992. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00569043.
Full textCalvo-Mendieta, Iratxe. "L'économie des ressources en eau : de l'internalisation des externalités à la gestion intégrée : l'exemple du bassin versant de l'Audomarois." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011495.
Full textCe constat constitue le point de départ de ce travail de thèse, dont l'objectif est de mener une réflexion approfondie sur la gestion des ressources en eau dans une double perspective, analytique et normative. Tout d'abord, la visée analytique de cette recherche a trait aux conflits d'usage dans le domaine de l'eau. Face aux limites des approches théoriques standard pour l'appréhension des spécificités de l'eau et de l'ensemble des dimensions liées aux conflits dans ce domaine (dynamiques collectives, représentations sociales des usages, dimension territoriale...) il s'agit de mettre en évidence une grille théorique permettant d'étudier ces relations conflictuelles dans toutes leurs dimensions – et en premier lieu leurs facteurs déterminants. Par ailleurs, il convient de s'interroger, selon une perspective davantage normative, sur le contenu de la notion de gestion intégrée des ressources en eau.
Ainsi, nous défendons la thèse que la définition d'une gestion intégrée des ressources en eau implique : un régime institutionnel de ressources en eau intégré (forte cohérence entre politiques publiques et droits de propriété/usage et forte étendue), la reconnaissance et compréhension des conflits d'usage et de leur dépassement et la transversalité des politiques publiques ayant une influence sur l'eau, notamment les politiques de gestion de l'espace.
Nous faisons appel à quatre outils théoriques complémentaires : le modèle des « cités » de Boltanski et Thévenot (1991), l'approche patrimoniale, l'économie de la proximité et le régime institutionnel de ressources. La combinaison de ces constructions théoriques nous conduit à une grille analytique pertinente pour rendre compte de l'émergence, du déroulement et de la gestion des conflits d'usage autour des ressources en eau et aider à la définition normative d'une gestion intégrée. Afin de tester empiriquement cette grille analytique, nous étudions le bassin versant de l'Audomarois (Nord – Pas-de-Calais). Il s'agit d'étudier la mise en œuvre de la gestion de l'eau à une échelle spatiale locale, le bassin versant étant considéré comme l'unité territoriale pertinente de cette gestion.
Desbiens-Lamarre, Charles. "Quels droits à un environnement sain? : le problème de la justice inter-générationnelle." Mémoire, 2012. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/4916/1/M12439.pdf.
Full textBenlahcen, Abdelmounem. "Modélisation de saumures carbonatees par le traitement multivariable en hydrogéochimie à la mine Niobec de Saint-Honoré (Québec)." Thèse, 1996. http://constellation.uqac.ca/1148/1/1525789.pdf.
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