Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Environnements de travail'
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Billouard, Delphine. "Les environnements Numériques de Travail : proposition d'une démarche d'intégration." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO30064.
Full textFrench universities face several factors leading them to change and to modify their practices and tools. Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) represent a considerable lever to face these change factors. Among these technologies, “Environnements Numériques de Travail” (ENT) represent interesting tools. The decision to adopt these tools comes from a ministerial initiative and not directly from universities. Many technical descriptions are available. But we notice a lack of information on the integration project in official documents as in other publications. In that work, we aim at proposing an approach intended to support the integration of these environments in a university. We propose a multidimensional approach intended to study all the problems related to the integration of an ENT in a university. We identify four fundamental dimensions: human dimension, activity dimension, technical dimension and organizational dimension. Activity dimension integrates an essential part of the ENT: the teaching part. The study of these 4 dimensions guarantees the exhaustiveness of the undertaken study. The validation of the approach by the use of a case study enabled us to study these dimensions in a real context and to identify ways of improvement. We also listed several key success factors and obstacles to the integration of a ENT in a university. This study was undertaken in a French context, but the results obtained will be easily transposable in other countries
TEXIER, GERALDINE. "Gestion des interactions implicites dans des environnements de travail cooperatifs." Rennes 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN10068.
Full textVivacqua, Adriana Santarosa. "Une approche pour la dissémination d'informations dans environnements coopératifs." Compiègne, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007COMP1690.
Full textThis thesis presents a model and a method for information distribution in loosely structured collaborative environments. These environments are characterized by their flexibility and easy with which participants alter rules and procedures, adjusting to external events. However, this reorganization is only possible if participants have information leading to adequate decision making and ajustements between group members. Based on sociological theories, we present an agent based peer-to-peer architecture for information distribution, and a method to analyse interactions between users and discover ongoing collaboration. An analysis of this method shows it is a promising avenue, even though improvements are necessary for it function perfectly
Loubère, Lucie. "Les environnements numériques de travail dans l'enseignement secondaire : étude d'un système représentationnel." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30048/document.
Full textThe integration of Information and Communication Technologies in Education (ICTEs) has often been described as a thorny endeavour. Digital Work Environments (DWE) can be considered as a particularly interesting ICTE tool because of their widespread and compulsory deployment in the French educational system. This study investigates how the DWE tool has integrated professional representations based on the theoretical approach of social representations. In a first phase, we base our analyses on the social discourses about ICTEs through three textual corpora, reflecting three different types of discourses (media, institutional, national consultation on digital education in 2015). We use a lexicometric approach in order to identify the transversal themes and the idiosyncrasies of these discourses. The second part of this study is based on a survey by questionnaires on 625 secondary education teachers of Toulouse academy. Here, the hierarchical evocation method is used to examine the content of professional representations on four objects: the DWE, the teaching profession, the notions of information and of communication. The structure analyses of the responses and the interrelations study between these objects show the peculiarity of the teachers' universes compared to the ones identified in the three social discourses. The complex system formed by the four objects allows us to observe that although the representations of the teaching profession and the DWE have few common contents, they share numerous elements with the representations of communication and of information. Finally, these results enlighten us on two larger tendencies on the way secondary teachers describe the investigated objects: one part of the population seem to systematically privilege functional elements whereas the other part of the population prefers to associate evaluative elements when relating to each one of these objects
Ramis, Pujol Juan. "Reengineering et environnements de qualité : une analyse contextualiste." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003VERS001S.
Full textEnvironmental pressures seem to be at the base of a will of organisations to improve themselves. Quality programs and, more recently, reengineering projects are put in place by organisations searching for process improvement. Reengineering and quality are concepts that are positioned far from the tradition of organisational theory. This dissertation focuses on the generation of success of reengineering in quality environments and, furthermore, tries to strengthen the links of both these two concepts to organisational theory. Influence of a quality environment, and more largely a given organizational context, on the success of a reengineering project can be globally analysed thanks to the contribution of 'structuration' theory. Other more precise analyses are based on planned change theory and, particularly, on the "learning" dimension of change. The success of reengineering projects is studied through the articulations (interdependences) coming from the quality environments, the articulations emerging from other contextual elements, the problems linked to the realization of these projects, and the associated direct and indirect organisational impacts. This theoretical framework is used to study five reengineering projects in five different organisations following a content dimensional analysis. A longitudinal analysis is also pursued in one of these organisations. The "implementation" and the "follow-up" are the reengineering key stages for success. The initial stages seem to have a weaker weight for the success of the reengineering project even though they have an influence on the quality of the following stages. Concerning the "implementation" stage, structural, cultural and behavioural aspects are important. The elements from the quality environment, particularly process management and a measurement system, are essential during the last stage : "follow-up". This last stage is composed of distinct efforts which deserve further specification. We propose to sub-divide this last stage in three different stages : "standardisation", "follow-up" and "additional improvements"
Marques, Soares José. "Contribution à la communication gestuelle dans les environnements virtuels collaboratifs." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TELE0002.
Full textGesture is an important means of human communication. It can be associated with other means such as voice or it can be the main channel as in sign language. When co-workers share a remote application, gestures can improve reciprocal awareness. Video is one of the technological resources available for gestural communication in collaborative environments, but it requires high bandwidth and complex interfaces (for example, with on window per user) that may be poorly integrated in the collaborative environment. Alternatively, synthetic virtual environments allow this integration of distant collaborators and other objects. In these environments, remote gestural communication can be achieved at low bandwidth using virtual humans (avatars). Our contribution is based on the concept of a virtual inhabited world for remote sharing of 2D applications that integrates gestural communication. In this environment, avatars simulate user interactions on the application interface. Furthermore, they support predefined communicative gestures, independently from user actions on the application. Moreover, we have developed a prototype system for real time gesture acquisition using a single camera and without markers. This system has been integrated into our virtual inhabited world and it allows gestural communication with avatar remote animation from grabbed gesture. The collaborative virtual environment and the gesture acquisition system have been implemented with low cost personal computers
Paljic, Alexis. "Interaction en environnements immersifs et retours d'effort passifs." Paris 6, 2004. https://hal-mines-paristech.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01479203.
Full textSkaf, Hala. "Une approche hybride pour gérer la cohérence dans les environnements de développement coopératif." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10145.
Full textThe framework of this thesis is the cooperative software development environment COO. COO uses transactional approach to handle concurrency control problems but it does not provide any guarantee about the quality of the software products. We propose to define constraints in order to have such guarantee. Unfortunately, the classical verification algorithms of constraints are not compatible with the nature of development activities. We define a new verification algorithm which is suitable for cooperative environment. Our results are: a hybrid approach Maïzena which uses semantic knowledge to restrict the accepted execution by the syntactical protocol of COO and allows to enclose cooperation in a security sphere; an algorithm to maintain the consistency of software products. This algorithm maintains constraints defined by temporal formulae. It is implemented in COO environment; a recovery mechanism which allows to split an activity to several ones and to uses cooperation to satisfy constraints
Seba, Lagraa Hamida. "Sécurité et tolérance aux fautes dans les environnements mobiles." Compiègne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003COMP1476.
Full textConsensus and group key management are fundamental problems in the design of dependable systems. Ln this thesis, we propose a new protocol that solves the consensus problem in an asynchronous mobile environment prone to failures and disconnections. Then, we use this solution to develop a new non-blocking atomic commitment protocol for mobile transactions and to build a group communication service for mobile hosts. We elaborated a state of the art on group key management protocols. This comparative study points out a new group key management approach based on group characteristics. This approach enhances the performance of group key management protocols. We also propose a new fault-tolerant group key management protocol that uses failure detectors to increase the number of participants to the key establishment process
Bourrion, Daniel Duchemin Pierre-Yves. "Intégrer les Services communs de documentation dans les Environnements numériques de travail l'exemple de l'IUFM de Lyon /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2007. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/bourrion-dcb15.pdf.
Full textZouinar, Moustapha. "Contribution à l'étude de la coopération et du partage d'informations contextuelles dans les environnements de travail complexes." Paris, CNAM, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2001CNAM0368.
Full textBrun, Damien. "Démocratisation des visiocasques de réalité augmentée : perspective de la saisie de texte dans des environnements de travail." Thesis, Le Mans, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LEMA1031.
Full textMany people predict a massive use of augmented reality head-mounted displays in different areas already explored by research, including health, education, entertainment and industry. Each of these areas involves scenarios with significant and ubiquitous text input activity, whether for a username or password, annotation of documents or virtual objects, a comment, a report or for sending messages. However, the contexts of use and the characteristics of these augmented reality head-mounted displays imply new interfaces beyond the usual framework of the keyboard-mouse couple or the tactile surface already adopted by the personal computer and the smartphone. In that regard, several text entry interfaces for head-mounted displays have been suggested, implemented and studied, through the recognition of gestures such as those of the hands, head or gaze, up to specific peripherals, such as controllers, gloves or rings, but none adequately responds to the constraints imposed by augmented reality for industrial and office work environments. Within the limits of these contexts supported by our industrial partner, this thesis attempts to address this problem by offering two new complementary text entry interfaces dedicated to augmented reality head-mounted displays. The first solution dedicated to the industrial environment invites users to combine a smartwatch with the head-mounted display to offer a multimodal interface adapted to difficult situations. The second solution dedicated to the office environment, invites users to handle a cubic device offering similar characteristics than traditional keyboards while being mobile. We adopted iterative user-centered design methods to implement parts of our solutions, and followed an empirical research approach including eight experiments to study and compare them. Finally, the analysis of the work allows us to develop and illustrate how our solutions can evolve to reach other contexts and activities, and thus actively participate in the democratization of augmented reality head-mounted displays
Mailles-Viard, Metz Stéphanie. "Les représentations analogiques comme support de l'anticipation dans les environnements dynamiques : étude d'une tâche simulée de régulation de trafic de bus." Toulouse 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU20025.
Full textThe objective of this study is to assess mental representations of a dynamic environment in order to anticipate and reduce complexity of control tasks. The effect of a presentation of the schematized environment on anticipatory behavior is then examined by manipulating the types of interfaces used in bus traffic control tasks. However, former studies show that this type of task has many requirements and a wide variety of interfaces exist in work situations. Indeed, the choice of interfaces is often empirical. In order to study anticipatory behavior in several coding conditions, we developed a bus traffic simulator. It allows generation of different scenarios which vary depending on the parametered disturbances. This simulator also allows the use of different interfaces. Moreover, different experimental conditions are possible such as the nature of tasks. The use of different interfaces in the simulator allows the experimenter to manipulate the way information is coded. The results reveal significant differences between the types of interfaces and tasks
Carlier, Patrice. "ScenIC : une proposition pour l'assistance à la composition spatio-temporelle des interfaces des environnements de TCAO." Lille 1, 1998. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/1998/50376-1998-373.pdf.
Full textLaflaquière, Julien. "Conception de système à base de traces numériques dans les environnements informatiques documentaires." Troyes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TROY0025.
Full textThis thesis addresses the general topic of digital traces related to the achievement of user activity in a digital documentary space. This work is part of the modelised Trace Based Systems approach (mTBS). This work contributes to the approach by creating a specific digital trace modelization methodology. The mTBS approach aims to make some reusable digital traces in user activity context. In order to produce digital trace as qualitative activity representation, it proposes to use a trace model which predefine observed objects. The pro-posed methodology design is based firstly on theoretical foundations drawn from research domains involving human-computer activity modeling (CHI, KM, CSCW), and secondly based on an implementation work in two actual activities, on the one hand a collaborative elearning activity, one the other hand a activity of professionnal training content production. During this second applied research study, we developped a trace specific display tool. This tool has been used for support an experiment de-signed to assess the modeled traces potential as an activity reflectivity medium. Early results of this exploratory work in collective activity situations have led us to propose to extend the conceptual prime framework of the mBTS approach. We suggested the "conjoined trace" which means traces generated and used by groups of users. It offers new collaborative practice prospects extending the general problem of trace-based apporaches
El, Merhebi Souad. "La gestion d'effet : une méthode de filtrage pour les environnements virtuels répartis." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/243/1/El_Merhebi_Souad.pdf.
Full textDistributed virtual environments (DVEs) are intended to provide an immersive experience to their users within a shared virtual environment. For this purpose, DVEs try to supply participants with coherent views of the shared world. This requires a heavy message exchange between participants especially with the increasing popularity of massively multiplayer DVEs. This heavy message exchange consumes a lot of processing power and bandwidth, slowing down the system and limiting interactivity. Indeed, coherence, interactivity and scalability are basic requirements of DVEs. However, these requirements are conflicting because coherence requires the more important exchange of messages that we can have while interactivity and scalability demand to decrease this exchange to minimum. For this reason, the management of message exchange is essential for distributed virtual environments. To manage message exchange in an intelligent way, DVE systems use various filtering techniques. Among them, interest management techniques filter messages according to users' interests in the world. In this document, we present our interest management technique, the effect management. This technique expresses the interests and manifestations of participants in various media through conscience and effect zones. When the conscience zone of a participant collides the effect zone of another participant in a given medium, the first one becomes conscious of the second. ). .
Alexandru, Paul. "Intégration des aspects de santé et de sécurité à la gestion des opérations dans le travail autonome et polyvalent en environnements incertains." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2009. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/21/1/ALEXANDRU_Paul.pdf.
Full textOuramdane, Nassima. "Vers un système d'assistance à l'interaction 3D pour le travail et le télétravail collaboratif dans les environnements de Réalité Virtuelle et Augmentée." Phd thesis, Université d'Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00374961.
Full textL'objectif de ce travail est de modéliser, de concevoir, d'implémenter et d'évaluer un système d'assistance à l'interaction 3D mono-utilisateur et multi-utilisateurs. Notre concept est centré sur l'utilisateur et ses intérêts dans le monde virtuel, il est basé sur le principe d'anticipation du geste de l'utilisateur par l'assistance de ce dernier. Notre système d'assistance peut être considéré comme un moyen de contourner les limitations de certaines techniques d'interaction 3D classiques afin de les rendre utilisables dans des contextes différents.
Ouramdane, Nassima Mallem Malik. "Vers un système d'assistance à l'interaction 3D pour le travail et le télétravail collaboratif dans les environnements de réalité virtuelle et augmentée." S. l. : Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2008. http://www.biblio.univ-evry.fr/theses/2008/2008EVRY0028.pdf.
Full textSchoenaers, Frédéric. "Disponibilité des ressources et innovations managériales : quelles mutations pour les juridictions du travail belges et françaises face aux évolutions de leurs environnements ?" Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003IEPP0029.
Full textDanet, Vincent. "Le second peuple de Nantes au XVIIIe siècle : environnements du quotidien et interactions sociales." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00618841.
Full textKendira, Atman. "L' animation comportementale d'avatars comme support à la communication dans les environnements virtuels informés." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1875.
Full textThe subject of this thesis takes places within the context of informed virtual environments such as virtual environments with template-based knowledge on which it is possible to interact dynamically. It focuses particularly on the design of a new decision-making model which integrates the uncertainty and incompleteness of model data. This work is at the intersection of virtual reality and knowledge engineering. The application of this domain is interpersonal communication in a virtual environment. We focused on non-verbal communication. The selected scenario is to tell a story to an audience of many through this environment. One of the major goals of this work is to ensure, via avatars, realistic nonverbal behaviour, which has an important place in interpersonal communication. In this context, we have designed a behavioural module named as BAYBE (Bayesian Behavior), which manages the representation of the user during their interactions with the collaborative virtual environment. The problem is on one hand to identify the relevant interactions taking place and on the other hand to translate them into gestural animations to strengthen collaboration between user profiles via avatars. This also must be done by requiring the least amount of human intervention, who must remain primarily focused on the task at hand: collaborative work. We have analyzed a corpus of data to extract the prior knowledge necessary to develop a decision model. This led to the creation of a new behavioural module based on probabilities and by using Bayesian network techniques for constructing the BAYBE module. This resulted in an implementation for a collaborative technological platform dedicated to storytelling
Pouliquen-Lardy, Lauriane. "Collaboration à distance : étude de la compréhension mutuelle dans les environnements virtuels collaboratifs immersifs : le cas de la communication spatiale." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20018/document.
Full textRemote collaborative situations in industry involve new constraints for workers. In the context of using immersive virtual environments to collaborate, we set up a series of experiments focusing on the mutual comprehension, and more specifically on the process of sharing spatial information. Results of the first experiment showed the influence of one collaborator’s role on spatial statements. Guides and manipulators both used statements preferentially centered on manipulator’s action, which supports the least collaborative effort principle. Results of two experiments about spatial statements production allowed to point out that mental workload is modulated by the target position relative to the addressee. According to the target location, the speaker must operate or not cognitively costly mental transformations to take the addressee perspective. However this workload could be lowered by means of visual cues. The last experiment focused on the understanding of spatial statements. It showed that statements centered on the addressee are the easiest to understand when the task is also centered on the addressee. Some exocentered statements could also induce a lower mental workload but only in some conditions. Results are discussed in relation to the least collaborative effort principle and the spatial frames of reference theory. This work opens new leads to facilitate remote collaboration through virtual environments
Louis, dit Picard Stéphane Philippe Henri. "Plate-forme de communication distribuée pour les Environnements Virtuels Collaboratifs 3D à fort couplage d'activité synchrone." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-197.pdf.
Full textChoquet, Isabelle. "Environnements numériques et PME : figures du chaos et nouveaux usages." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BOR30016/document.
Full textIs the revolution of the so-called Web 2.0 a real success for the SMEs? Do we really see a change of the communication paradigm (following Kuhn’s meaning) due to the arrival of the networks that put the individual at the centre of the organization processes? Within the framework of a “fluid society” characterised by uncertainty and complexity, this thesis focuses on the issue of internal and external adjustments in connection with the Web 2.0 within SMEs. These adjustments may be a source of disorder within the organization and SMEs would try to regulate them. Nevertheless, some SMEs will choose to use them as a springboard. They will build on existing skills, improve the efficiency of the company (operating activity) and also explore completely new fields (exploration activity) like collective intelligence and crowdsourcing. The web 2.0 indicates the passage of a "tools" technology considered as stable to a "social" technology characterized by instability. The Web 2.0 has a catalytic effect that encourages and facilitates transversal adjustments. It could be seen as a way to transform the organization in order to become more focused on individuals and groups. But it also brings a number of challenges for SMEs. Using the concepts of chaos and complexity was an interesting way to understand this balance to be attained between order and disorder. This thesis is interdisciplinary by objective. It intends to show the interest of using together theories, literature and fields coming from management, information science and communication when these disciplines are required to take into account the complexity of relationships but also co-construction between prosumers and SMEs, and management and employees. The research will be based inter alia on a total of 93 SMEs, audited by the author between 2010 and 2014
Le, Hénaff Benjamin. "Comparaisons entre groupes, anonymat, et performances cognitives : expérimentations dans les environnements numériques et en coprésence." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20020/document.
Full textThe aim of this thesis is to study how group identification may lead to better cognitive performance, based on social identity theory (Tajfel & Turner, 1986). This theory states that the social identity of individuals is partly based on comparison of their group with another group. The search for a positive social identity should drive individuals to act on behalf of their own group, putting them in an advantageous position compared to another group. The SIDE Model (Social Identity model of Deindividuation Effects, Reicher, Spears & Postmes, 1995) extends this theory by postulating that anonymity could facilitate the transition from personal to social identity, which is reinforced in the process. Our study was organized along three lines of research. The first two examined how anonymity and intergroup comparison affects performance on computer quizzes and statistics exercises in a web-based learning environment. The third studied the effects of anonymity and intergroup comparison on the generation of creative ideas in the presence of others. Consistent with the SIDE Model, we found that intergroup comparison under anonymity conditions activated group members’ social identity, leading to better performance on cognitive tasks. We also found that individual differences, such as prior knowledge, may moderate the effects of the SIDE model. The practical and theoretical implications of these results are discussed, and future research directions are suggested
Hamadache, Kahina. "Collaboration intelligente et transparente. Apports de l'informatique ubiquitaire au travail collaboratif assisté par ordinateur." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00841484.
Full textBassagou, Dikagma. "EXOLINE : Dispositif instrumenté pour analyser les interactions en apprentissage collaboratif en ligne." Thesis, Lille 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIL1I074.
Full textThis study concerns a mechanism that could make it possible to analyse students' motivation and autonomy in the absence of human regulation in distance education. Indeed, in the literature, motivation and autonomy have an implication in the drop-out of learners in e-learning situations. To analyze these factors, some researchers use questionnaires on an ad hoc basis and others use digital traces produced by TEL (Technology Enhanced Learning). In most of these studies, the intervention of a tutor to regulate learning activity is important. The objective of this research is to identify students who can follow a teacher from a distance with the best chances of success. To do this, we have designed a system that combines the use of questionnaires and digital learning traces. This system contains a platform called "Exoline" that supports a pedagogical scenario that alternates individual work and collaborative activities in seven steps. Collaborative activities are regulated by a voting system (I like/dislike) of the platform and individual work corresponds to phases of editorial contribution by each learner member of a group. To collect data on collaboration and learning dynamics, we conducted an experiment with 794 students from Kara University with a participation rate of 40.55%. We then applied different statistical methods to the data (questionnaires and traces) from the experiment to identify and study the relationships between learning, motivation and autonomy. Our study highlighted, beyond the initial motivation, the role of the dynamics of maintaining motivation throughout the learning process. The level of progression (number of steps performed) by the learner in our Exoline device has proven to be an interesting indicator of learning performance. In other words, the study shows that most students who drop out do so at the beginning of the course. On a more contextual level, our study also shows how the socioeconomic environment influences the educational path of students, particularly in Togo
Bououd, Ikram. "Etude de la collaboration dans les environnements virtuels 3D et de l'impact de leur utilisation sur la performance des épuipes : entre management et conception des systèmes d'information." Thesis, Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EVRY0003/document.
Full textCollaboration is increasingly distributed and influenced by the technologies involved in the workspace. 3D Virtual worlds (VWs) are rich, highly interactive and promising collaboration tools providing a more realistic visual dimension in representing work environment and a growing capacity of simulation. Thanks to avatars (representation of their users), they may reinvent the notion of co-presence (the being together) and provide rich social interactions. Several researchers and practitioners are particularly interested in the potential of these new media to support collaborative practices. However, the literature does not provide yet satisfactory and accurate response to companies about impacts of these technologies’ use on team performance. Existent researchers studied specific factors influencing collaboration. A research model gathering determinants of three different categories (technological, individual and collective) impacting team performance has never been proposed. This research attempts to address this gap and looks at this effect more closely. From a methodological point of view, our methodology is based on the Hevner’s and colleagues (2004) IS research framework combining behavioral science and design science. From the behavioral science side, qualitative and quantitative studies have been conducted. We report on the impacts of a set of important determinants that influence team performance. This research describes inner IT dynamics distinguishing these new media. It research highlighted determinants that are fostering collaboration such knowledge sharing, knowledge application, cognitive absorption, virtual co-presence, VW technology usage, customization, and object manipulation. Others determinants are found to inhibit collaboration in 3D VWs such as social loafing and density. From a design science side, we designed a serious game focusing on the determinants mentioned above and could be useful to vary collaborative scenarios in the aim to deepen the study of collaboration in 3D VWs and enhance team performance. This game aims at bringing a learning-by-doing experience to explore the specificities of team collaboration in VWs. This research argues that successful collaboration is possible in VWs with the respect of a set of best practices
Zurita, Julio. "Styles cognitifs et processus d'acquisition des connaissances spatiales dans des environnements cartographiques : encodage et traitement de l'information en mémoire de travail, construction des représentations et des référentiels au cours de la localisation et l'orientation spatiale." Montpellier 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MON30040.
Full textThe cognitive style (global vs analytical strategies) of the subjects is influenced by the performances of phonological data processing and visuo-spatial information (WM). The same is true of construction of spatial representations in route processing on both complex and simple indication levels. As soon as certain indices (semantic and iconic) are removed from these routes, the differences in spatial data processing are homogeneous whatever the strategy adopted by the subjects. It is thus possible to conclude that the difference in performance does not result solely from the perceptive mode of acquisition characterizing the cognitive style of the subjects, but also depends on the complexity and nature of the information to be processed. In addition, processing would be influenced by the mental load caused by the amount of information contained in the maps, as well as by the phenomenon of vicariance observed between strategies
Camus, Fabrice. "Conception d'environnements virtuels dédiés à la maîtrise des risques : l'approche MELISSA." Compiègne, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010COMP1891.
Full textOur work refers to the design of virtual environments for risks management. More precisely, this work concerns the representation of application contexts of safety rules in a virtual environment. The goal is to be able to test the appropriation of these safety rules by the stakeholders of a working situation. These virtual environments can be used to check the relevance of safety rules, their coherence and their adequacy with the various application contexts. Designing virtual environments which represent safety rules application contexts requires explaining all parts of these safety rules. But some parts are implicit and theses rules are always subject of negotiations between the actors of the safety system. We present a methodology for designing virtual environments dedicated to risks management : MELISSA. This methodology is based on a model of the working situation. The model is built on a risks analysis. It aims at articulating three points of view : accidental scenarios related to the activity, tasks to be performed and potential factors which influence the working situation. MELISSA was developed for two projects. The first one is a national project : V3S (Virtual Reality for Safe SEVESO Subcontractors) and the second one is a European project : Virthualis. This approach has showed relevance to collect and articulate the necessary knowledge for designing a virtual environment dedicated to risks management. It is able to represent the sequences of events of the working situation, the action of the user in response to these events and all the entities changes of state to be represented in the virtual environment
Lewin, Antoine. "Etude transversale et longitudinale des relations entre les environnements géographiques de vie et l'excès de poids et le risque cardiovasculaire." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066072/document.
Full textGiven the limits of the international literature on the environmental disparities in obesity prevalence (focused on the residential neighborhood) and considering the lack of empirical studies conducted in France, we were interested in the relations between, on the one hand, the characteristics of residential and professional neighborhood characteritics and the work economic sector, and on the other hand, two body fat indicators: the Fat Mass Index (FMI) and the percentage of Fat Mass (%FM). Then we compared the effects of the work economic sectors on several cardiovascular risk factors. Finally using a longitudinal study, we evaluated the links between socioeconomic variables and the evolution of the anthropometric parameters among participants of the RECORD Study. Simultaneously, our methodological objective was to explore the attrition biases due to missing data in longitudinal studies.To conclude, we could by those empirical works highlight the effect of the individual and the residential characteristics, and the work economic sectors on the accumulation of body fat as well as on cardiovascular risk factors. Regarding the methodological part of this work, firstly we were able to take into account in the analysis the residential geographical environment commonly considered. Secondly, differentiating us from the transversal literature on the social determinants of obesity, we show that depending on the missing data mechanism, the statistical methods commonly used can not circumvent the potential bias introduced by attrition in longitudinal analyses
Vu, thi Hanh. "Analyse des environnements supports à l'ingénierie collaborative synchrone à distance : approche ergonomique pour l'amélioration des outils via l'analyse des usages." Thesis, Grenoble, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012GRENI065/document.
Full textThe design of complex industrial products requires the collaboration of several actors of various domains and is geographically distributed throughout the process of design. To improve the results with regard to the triptych quality, cost, time and of the globalization of markets, designers, distributed in the space and in the time need a working environment to collaborate, to: To create an understanding shared between the various actors of a team, the designers have to negotiate and argue the solutions. Share information on the product between various trades in the stages of the process of design. Synchronize the various versions of models of the product between the designers. Collaborative design is organized as alternating synchronous and asynchronous work, we wish to improve continuity of information flow between these different modes of collaboration. This requires improved communication technology tools in synchronous mode, and the possibility for developers to synchronize models modified versions asynchronously. This second point is obtained by identifying conflicts between version, and facilitation of synchronous argumentative dialogue to converge in the negotiation of choice for resolving these conflicts
Wang, Ning. "Towards a competency recommender system from collaborative traces." Thesis, Compiègne, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016COMP2300/document.
Full textWith the development of information and Internet technology, human society has stepped into an era of information overload. Owing to the overwhelming quantity of information, both information providers and information consumers are facing challenges: information providers want the information to be transferred to the target audience while information consumers need to find the information most relevant to their need. To bridge the gap, recommender systems have been designed and applied in a variety of applications to help making decisions on movies, music, news and even services and persons. In a Collaborative Working Environment, recommender systems are also needed to guide collaboration and allocate task efficiently. When people exchange information and resources, they leave traces in some way or other. For a typical Web-based Collaborative Working Environment, traces can be recorded which are mainly produced by collaborative activities or interactions. The modelled traces represent knowledge as well as experience concerning the interactive actions among users and resources. Such traces can be defined, modelled and exploited in return to offer a clue on a variety of deductions. Firstly they can indicate whether a user is active or not concerning interactions on a certain subject. Combining with users’ evaluation of the information and resources during interaction, we can further evaluate a user’s competency on each subject. This aids the decision for further collaboration because knowing the specialization of users helps to distribute tasks reasonably.This thesis focuses on implementing a recommender system by exploiting various collaborative traces in the group shared/collaborative workspace. To achieve this goal, firstly we collect traces and get them filtered by system filters. For evaluating shared resources we propose a system of vote and combine the result with collaborative traces. Furthermore, we present two mathematical approaches (TF-IDF and Bayes Classifier) with semantic meanings of traced resources and a machine learning method (Logistic Regression) with user profile to exploit traces, and then discuss comprehensive examples. As a practical experience we tested our prototype in the context of the E-MEMORAe collaborative platform. By comparing the results of experiments we assess the strengths and weaknesses of each of the three methods and in which scenario they perform better. Cases show that our exploitation framework and various methods can facilitate both personal and collaborative work and help decision-making
Perez, Toralla Maria Sol. "Pour une prescription capacitante, ergonomie et débats des règles du travail : le cas d'une entreprise déployant la lean production." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CNAM0935/document.
Full textThe goal of ergonomic of adapting work to Man has gradually broadened in scope, notably with the evolution of the concept of health towards integrating the possibility for workers to make full use of their skills. Following this view, the main goal of our research was to better understand the possibilities of joint development of people and organization within a “lean production” industry. Three perspectives of analysis were fallowed. The first perspective related to the underlying model of work in lean production. The second perspective focused on mobilizing work activity as part of continual improvement approaches. The third perspective focused on the forms and goals of the transformation of work, in order to identify the role of ergonomics and evolutions in the practice of ergonomics in order to act in a context of deployment of a lean production system. Our results suggested that ergonomic action focused on identifying the conditions of improved participation is not enough. One must also provide feedback at the strategic level of management, so as to broaden the goals of projects aiming for continual improvement, by including the goals that had not been previously anticipated, and that had been formulated by operators
Hamon, Laurence. "L'aide à la compréhension dans les environnements multimédias d'apprentissage du Français Langue Etrangère : le rôle de la multimodalité." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF20026.
Full textGarcía, Mayné. "Configurations spatiales et architecturales : contribution à la formation par l'habitabilité des espaces universitaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN20052/document.
Full textThis thesis covers an aspect less developed from the Human and Social Sciences, the role that the architectural conceptions and spaces of study and work in the formative process in the university level in a time of widespread digital culture. From a study in cases with Mexican and French universities, we analyzed how the architectures assist or obstruct practices that favor or hinder formation model with the finality of human development. The construction of data is supported by the ethnographic tools, an analytic model that relates spatial production and analysis of formation dispositives and using technical analysis of the discourse, images and architectural analysis. The study of the interrelationships between what we call spatial and architectural configurations in five universities campi, produced findings linked with the characteristics of habitability and their relationships with the actors project as to the purpose of university formation
Esta tesis aborda un aspecto escasamente trabajado desde las Ciencias Humanas y Sociales: el papel que desempeñan las concepciones arquitectónicas y los espacios de estudio y de trabajo en los procesos formativos universitarios, en un momento de generalización de la cultura digital. A partir de un estudio en casos en universidades mexicanas y francesas, analizamos la manera en que las arquitecturas propician u obstaculizan prácticas que favorezcan los modelos de formación con finalidad de desarrollo humano. La construcción de datos está apoyada en herramientas de corte etnográfico, un modelo analítico que relaciona la producción espacial y el análisis de dispositivos de formación, técnicas de análisis del discurso, análisis de imágenes y análisis arquitectónico. El estudio de las interrelaciones entre lo que denominamos configuraciones arquitectónicas y espaciales en cinco campi universitarios produjo hallazgos ligados con las características de la habitabilidad y sus relaciones con el proyecto de los actores en cuanto a las finalidades de la formación universitaria
Laborie, François. "Le concept de salle de décision collective et son application aux processus complexes EADS." Toulouse 3, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TOU30121.
Full textWailly, Jeanne-Marie. "Risques industriels, travail et environnement : contribution du droit de l'environnement à la protection de la santé au travail et ses conséquences sur l'entreprise polluante." Littoral, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008DUNK0211.
Full textThis thesis objective is to review the situation, concerning the state of health at work at the beginning of the twenty-first century in France. The matter of the study is more particularly about the health of workers in companies but also about people who live near industrial plants. . . The emphasis is put on the methodology followed, which combines the contribution of law (work, social,. . . ), economy, history and sociology. . . This thesis demonstrates through time and space, the confrontation between health at work and environment. It also shows how the law and other elements have allowed a parallel and then a collaboration. Owever the gap is Hobvious at the end of the 19th Century (with the Industrial Revolution), and the environment law which appears approximatively a century later (in 1970, with the economical crisis). This thesis is illustrated from an empirical point of view by a study realised inside Dunkerque area, whose aim was identify the consequences of air pollution on individuals. The research was led so as to retranscribe as well as possible the feeling or the disorders experienced by the people pollued, and then to translate them, during the analysis on effects on health, and also on social economic effects
Fenart, Jean-Marc. "Intégration d'un poste de travail dans un environnement réparti." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37604998c.
Full textFenart, Jean-Marc. "Integration d'un poste de travail dans un environnement reparti." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066163.
Full textChebil, Hajer. "Corpus de traces d’activité dans les environnements informatiques pour l’apprentissage humain : modélisation, étude d’une plateforme de gestion, et application à la construction de corpus de référence." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EMSE0718/document.
Full textThis work is part of the “TEL Environments customization” project studying the use ofactivity traces in the evaluation and customization of mediated learning situations. Analyzingtraces is generally performed using analysis tools developed by researchers specifically fortheir needs. Published research results can generally not be verified or compared, due todifficulties of sharing corpora and analysis tools. The aim of this research work is to provideresearchers using TEL environments in their researches with a platform to share corpora ofcontextualized interaction traces and analyses performed on them, and to analyse thosecorpora using shared analysis and visualization tools. Heterogeneity of traces produced byTEL environments, due to the diversity of learning domains and to analysis needs makes theproposition of a common representation cannot satisfy the various needs of multidisciplinaryresearchers. We propose the “proxy” approach, a participative and incremental solution basedon an ontology which defines three models: a corpus model defining the structure anddescription metadata of the corpus and its contents, a semantic model defining genericconcepts which can be retrieved in shared corpora, and an operational model defining a set ofoperations ensuring interoperability between shared corpora and analysis tools. Based on thisapproach, we propose a platform architecture for sharing traces corpora and analysis toolsallowing researchers to share their own corpora, to access to shared corpora, and to analyzethem
Chellali, Mohamed-El-Amine. "Étude des interactions homme-homme pour l'élaboration du référentiel commun dans les environements virtuels collaboratifs." Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT2110.
Full textCollaborative virtual environments are 3D spaces that allow multiple users to work together on a common task. To design such environments to support human-human interactions, it is important to study how people develop a common frame of reference during collaboration. The concept of common frame of reference is central to all collaborative activities. It allows partners to understand each other through a continuous exchange of information (explicit and implicit). The ultimate goal of this research is to facilitate and enrich the construction of common frame of reference to accommodate specific collaborative virtual environments characteristics. Indeed, the design elements related to the common frame of reference (i. E. Communication modes, environment’s construction and interactions) are essential for successful collaborative activity. Two experimental studies were conducted using different collaborative virtual environments conditions. The first study shows that adding fixed landmarks can improve the development of common frame of reference within an objects manipulation task. The second study shows that haptic communication can improve the construction of the common frame of reference in a technical gesture learning task. These results are used to provide recommendations for collaborative virtual environments design. It represents a first step towards the development of a standardized collaborative virtual environments design methodology
Alimam, Mayla. "The place of enterprise social media platforms in today’s enterprises : evaluation of usage and impact on workplace tools." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TELE0007/document.
Full textToday’s organizations are increasingly promoting a shift of employees’ ways of working towards more agility and flexibility. This shift is empowered by new IT tools commonly known as “Enterprise Social Media” (ESM). Taking mainly the form of integrated platforms, these tools are deployed with the promise of enhancing employees’ communicative activities at the workplace while capitalizing on their social connections. Yet, it remains unclear for companies how their employees benefit from the use of these new tools (i.e., ESM platforms). Managers are unable to evaluate the use of these platforms and thus, tangibly measure the success of their investments. Moreover, introducing ESM platforms to the workplace impact the way the existing tools, such as email, are regarded and used. This leads to the question of whether these new platforms may be substitutes for the use of the existing tools. This thesis tackles the mentioned polemical questions about the place of ESM platforms in today’s enterprises. Carried out jointly with Orange labs, the thesis assesses the role ESM platforms could play in supporting organizations in reaching their objectives and hence sustaining their businesses in an extreme competitive context. It explores the real use of these platforms by offering a quantitative social network analysis and data mining of an established ESM platform currently in use. While relying on a proposed research model that characterizes the activity, the applied hypothesis tests allow determining the correct use of ESM platforms, which in turn indicates the success of their deployments. Moreover, the thesis argues through a reasoning approach that the ESM platforms are not capable of substituting the use of existing workplace tools. Instead, they work in tandem with certain tools such as email. Based on the latter argument, the email tagging service is introduced as an example of how existing workplace tools may be enriched with social features to derive increased benefit for the workforce. The thesis finally validates the service through implementation and testing. To conclude, it proposes and discusses scenarios of future social systems that involve the overall set of workplace tools in enterprises
Bélanger, Philippe. "Environnement psychosocial de travail, niveau socio-économique et tension artérielle." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23914/23914.pdf.
Full textChalmeton, Hélène. "Préservation de l'environnement et travaux publics : difficultés pratiques et solutions juridiques." Nantes, 2007. https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01516923.
Full textThe state, guarantor of the general interest, has the duty to improve the quality of life of its citizens. By means of public works, new facilities can be built and entire districts can be connected to networks. Because of this, public works are protected by a specific set of laws. Although this protection is necessary, it has undesirable side effects : in fact, its execution is detrimental to environmental protection. Public authorities recently became aware of the lack of regulation in the sector of public works and have slowly taken steps to integrate the environmental concern into the law and the practice. But this integration remains incomplete to this day. The law has to be renewed to allow a more complete protection of the environment: at first, by re-evaluating the environmental laws in light of their insufficient application; then, by allowing the stakeholders of the public works to take initiatives that preserve the environment; by inciting them to protect the environment by updated economic mechanisms; finally, as a last resort, by punishing non-compliance with the law more severely. Indeed, only a rational and organized use of the various tools offered by the law will allow reconciling environmental protection with public works
Cantin, François. "Évaluation de la qualité lumineuse d'un environnement de travail éclairé naturellement." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25625/25625.pdf.
Full textThis research aims to develop a methodology for the assessment of daylight quality in individual office spaces. The proposed methodology is based on performance indicators related to illuminance, distribution (variability) , glare and directivity. The calculations are performed with the Radiance Lighting Simulation System for a South-West and a North-West oriented office located on the fifth floor of the Caisse de dépôt et placement (CDP) in Montreal. The daylight conditions of these offices are studied under a series of clear skies and an overcast sky. The selected indicators for the assessment of daylight quality are the vector/scalar illuminance ratio, the altitude of illuminance vector, the luminance difference index (LD index), the useful daylight illuminance (UDI) and the size of sunlight patches. The literature encourages the researcher to use advanced indicators like these in order to go beyond a simple study of horizontal illuminance and to deepen the analysis of luminous environment. The results allow a detailed performance assessment for each office. Furthermore, the analysis of the results underline the complementarity of the indicators, i.e., the necessity to compare them to adequately assess daylight quality. Finally, polar diagrams are used to synthesize the results. This graphical approach introduces a useful method to represent luminous ambiances.
Lima, Claudia Porto de. "Environnement de travail et satisfactions : une synthèse sur 23 entreprises brésiliennes." Paris 5, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA05H067.
Full textResults from the mainly anglo-saxon studies highlighted that the principal problem of the open offices
Trudel, Xavier. "Environnement psychosocial au travail et pression artérielle ambulatoire : une étude prospective." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25634.
Full textObjectives: 1. To measure the effect of repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the demand-control (DC) and ERI effort-reward imbalance (ERI) models on ABP over 5 years 2. To examine the independent and combined effect of DC and ERI on ABP 3. To examine the mediating effect of body mass index (BMI) in the association between ERI and ambulatory blood pressure (ABP) over 5 years. 4. To examine the association between psychosocial work factors from the DC model and masked hypertension prevalence. Methods: The study population was composed of 2,300 white-collar workers. They were assessed three times during a 5-year period (Year 1, 3 and 5). At each time, psychosocial work factors were measured using validated scales. ABP was measured every 15 minutes during a working day. Results: Men who were always exposed to an active job had higher systolic and diastolic ABP increases (+2.7/+2.5 mmHg) and a higher cumulative incidence of hypertension (RR = 2.20, 95% C.I. 1.50–3.23), compared to never exposed men. In women, ERI exposure onset was associated with higher increases in systolic (+2.8 mmHg) and diastolic (+1.6 mmHg) ABP, compared to never exposed women. Men exposed to psychosocial work factors from the DC model had higher ABP compared to unexposed men, using contemporaneous exposure. However, the high strain/ABP association was not significant after adjustment for ERI. Men (+1.4/+1.4 mmHg) and women (+1.6/+1.3 mmHg) exposed to ERI had higher ABP, after adjustment for DC exposure. In the prospective analyses using ERI exposure over 3 years, BMI mediated the effect of ERI exposure onset, ERI chronic exposure and ABP, in women with baseline BMI ≥25 kg/m2. For men, being active exposure was associated with masked hypertension (Adjusted OR: 2.07, 95% CI 1.30-3.31). Conclusion: In the present study, repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the DC and ERI models was associated with significant increases in ABP and hypertension. DC and ERI models had independent effect on ABP. In women, repeated exposure to psychosocial work factors from the ERI model was indirectly associated with BP increases, via BMI increases while exposure to psychosocial work factors from the DC model was associated with masked hypertension, in men.
Clouaire, Pascal. "Les réseaux sociothechniques dans la formation des portails des Universités de Grenoble (1998-2008)." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENL024.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to analyze the emergence of a technical object - a digital portal for training products - by identifying all actors that such a project has mobilized and trying to grasp the logic of their interactions to define the various socio-technical configurations laws or regularities that make them representative of a technical innovation process. From a field survey strongly inspired by an ethnographic approach, this research provides an inventory of twelve digital portals that succeeded between 1998 and 2008 at the Universities of Grenoble while describing actors and their positions (converging or contradictory), the different point of view, and the political, technical and economic stakes.Borrowing from the boundary object concept to include this set of successive digital environments common to a university territory study gives importance to objects in action and provides a method of understanding of the association and breaking points between mobilized actors. The objective is to model the interactions established for each new "prototype" portal, which represent chains of associations (technical, economic, political and usage) thus revealing different networks.With reference to the theory of the actor-network, this analysis of the design process of portals aims to identify the mechanisms at work in generating these networks. This sociology implies taking a particular look at the portal, considered as the result of a combination of associations between human and non-human actors. The portal is there by shaped by the heterogeneous social and technical relationships of the actors who designed it.To understand these mechanisms of construction, adjustment or stabilization of the links between network entities, the approach starts with an historical overview of the twelve portals in order to transpose all of the observed data into a topographical space (diagrams, tables) and to include the relationships established between actants through the mediation of the technical object.This presentation of the twelve networks, which considers the technical object as a landmark of successive transformations of the boundary object, then makes it possible to perform an analysis of the network structure, that is say of the set of data and and how the relationships between this data structure a space. The analysis then consists in interpreting the resulting structure to account for special relationships. For each of the twelve portals, this research highlights specific network structures and specific properties of the constitution, deformation and loss that these hybrid collectives are subject to. The iterative and systematic connection between these structures can be classified into three distinct groups: self-centered networks, collaborative networks and open networks. These groups reveal specific properties, including: - symbolic or economic competition is a structuring force of the network; - the technical object is a component whose plasticity depends more on the structure of the network than on its technical characteristics; - the action potential of an entity (that is to say its ability to create difference within the network) is related to its ability to establish associations.All of these innovation processes lead us to question the P. Flichy model of innovation regarding the distinction of the two boundary object frameworks and in the model of the actor-network in its principle of symmetry