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1
Živković, Jelena, Slavica Sunarić, Nataša Trutić, Marko Denić, Gordana Kocić, and Tatjana Jovanović. "Antioxidants and Antioxidant Capacity of Human Milk / Antioksidansi i antioksidativni kapacitet humanog mleka." Acta Facultatis Medicae Naissensis 32, no. 2 (June 1, 2015): 115–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/afmnai-2015-0012.
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SUMMARY Milk contains plenty of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant components that probably account for the vital antioxidant protection of the infants at early stages of life against the development of complications induced by oxygen free radicals. Indigenous milk enzymes play a key role in regulating lactogenesis, including active involution of mammary gland. Moreover, they are essential constituents of antioxidation and the innate immune system of milk. Among antioxidant enzymes, superoxide dismutase, catalase and selenium-containing glutathione peroxidase have been demonstrated in human milk. Mainly, the enzyme content of colostrum is higher than that in corresponding mature milk. Beside lipophilic antioxidant in human milk, tocopherols, carotenoids and vitamin A are of great interest. Those components demonstrate the highest levels in colostrum and decline during early lactation, despite the fact that total lipids increase. The complete list of active antioxidant components in human milk is not yet known. This review reports the main findings of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as antioxidant capacity of human milk. Synergism of action of several antioxidants helps to eliminate free radicals in newborns. Bearing in mind that milk contains a number of antioxidants, many reactions are possible and it is difficult to define the exact contribution and function of each antioxidant. Besides qualitative and quantitative analysis of human milk antioxidants, the measurement of total antioxidant capacity could be a useful tool for examination of this dynamic, complex fluid
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Matyas, Melinda, Monica G. Hasmasanu, and Gabriela Zaharie. "Antioxidant Capacity of Preterm Neonates Assessed by Hydrogen Donor Value." Medicina 55, no. 11 (October 30, 2019): 720. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55110720.
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Background and objectives: Premature newborns have a number of oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Antioxidant defense is deficient in premature newborns. Hydrogen donors can be used to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense. By measuring hydrogen donors, a group of antioxidants can be assessed: tocopherol, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. These represent the most relevant group of non-enzymatic antioxidants. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the non-enzymatic antioxidant defense capacity of premature newborns by measuring hydrogen donors. Materials and Methods: We evaluated the non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity by hydrogen donor measurement in 24 premature newborns with various oxidative stress-inducing disorders and in 14 premature newborns without oxidative stress-inducing conditions. Statistical analysis was performed using the Statistica program (v. 8, StatSoft, Round Rock, TX, USA). Differences between groups were tested with Wilcoxon matched test for quantitative paired data or Mann–Whitney test for quantitative independent data. The Z test for proportions was used to compare qualitative data among subgroups. Results: Hydrogen donors in the study group had a significantly lower value on the first day of life compared to the value of the control group. Also, the hydrogen donor value in the study group was significantly lower on the first day compared to the third day of life (p < 0.05). Neonates with mild respiratory distress (14 cases) had increased hydrogen donor values on their third day of life compared to the first day of life. Conclusions: The antioxidant capacity is influenced by oxidative stress-inducing disorders. Respiratory distress influenced the hydrogen donor value and antioxidant defense. Antioxidant defense gradually improves after birth according to gestational age.
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Takele, A., and J. Farrant. "Enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms of maize and sorghum after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration." Acta Agronomica Hungarica 57, no. 4 (December 1, 2009): 445–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/aagr.57.2009.4.7.
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Drought stress is often the most limiting factor for maize and sorghum production in the semi-arid areas. This study evaluates the enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanism response of maize (cv Melkassa-2) and sorghum (cv. Macia) after exposure to and recovery from pre- and post-flowering dehydration.The response of enzymatic antioxidant protection systems revealed that in both test crops dehydration during both the pre- and post-flowering stages resulted in increased activities of enzymatic antioxidant protection mechanisms (SOD, GR, CAT and APX). There were, however, differences between the species in the type and extent of enhanced developmentally-induced and dehydration-induced antioxidant activities. Differences were also noticed in the relative water contents at which changes in enzymatic antioxidant activities occurred. Under dehydration conditions, sorghum was generally found to have relatively higher enzymatic antioxidant activities, providing it better protection against oxidative stress by minimizing the level of lipid peroxidation.Lipid peroxidation, measured as MDA content, was increased in both species during pre- and post-flowering dehydration, but the increase was greater in maize than in sorghum during both developmental stages. Sorghum appeared to be able to reduce MDA on rehydration, but maize contained only 85% less MDA after rehydration as compared to the control following pre-flowering rehydration. During post-flowering rehydration, neither species was able to decrease the MDA content to the control level.The results indicated that tolerance to drought in sorghum is well associated with the consistent enhanced capacity of the enzymatic antioxidant system under both pre- and post-flowering dehydration conditions, and that the sensitivity of maize to drought is linearly correlated to the decreased capacity of the antioxidant system. It may be concluded that, since differences were observed between the species in the response of enzymatic antioxidants to pre- and post-flowering dehydration/rehydration, with sorghum exhibiting comparatively higher overall activities of enzymatic antioxidants and a lower level of MDA than maize during both pre- and post-flowering dehydration, selection based on these criteria may help in the development of genotypes tolerant to dehydration.
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Ankamah, Emmanuel, J. Sebag, Eugene Ng, and John M. Nolan. "Vitreous Antioxidants, Degeneration, and Vitreo-Retinopathy: Exploring the Links." Antioxidants 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9010007.
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The transparent vitreous body, which occupies about 80% of the eye’s volume, is laden with numerous enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants that could protect the eye from oxidative stress and disease. Aging is associated with degeneration of vitreous structure as well as a reduction in its antioxidant capacity. A growing body of evidence suggests these age-related changes may be the precursor of numerous oxidative stress-induced vitreo-retinopathies, including vision degrading myodesopsia, the clinically significant entoptic phenomena that can result from advanced vitreous degeneration. Adequate intravitreal antioxidant levels may be protective against vitreous degeneration, possibly preventing and even improving vision degrading myodesopsia as well as mitigating various other vitreo-retinopathies. The present article is, therefore, a review of the different antioxidant molecules within vitreous and the inter-relationships between vitreous antioxidant capacity and degeneration.
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Fan, Silin, Tiantian Xiong, Qiumei Lei, Qinqin Tan, Jiahui Cai, Zunyang Song, Meiyan Yang, Weixin Chen, Xueping Li, and Xiaoyang Zhu. "Melatonin Treatment Improves Postharvest Preservation and Resistance of Guava Fruit (Psidium guajava L.)." Foods 11, no. 3 (January 19, 2022): 262. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030262.
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Guava fruit has a short postharvest shelf life at room temperature. Melatonin is widely used for preservation of various postharvest fruit and vegetables. In this study, an optimal melatonin treatment (600 μmol·L−1, 2 h) was identified, which effectively delayed fruit softening and reduced the incidence of anthracnose on guava fruit. Melatonin effectively enhanced the antioxidant capacity and reduced the oxidative damage to the fruit by reducing the contents of superoxide anions, hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde; improving the overall antioxidant capacity and enhancing the enzymatic antioxidants and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Melatonin significantly enhanced the activities of catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The contents of total flavonoids and ascorbic acid were maintained by melatonin. This treatment also enhanced the defense-related enzymatic activities of chitinase and phenylpropanoid pathway enzymes, including phenylalanine ammonia lyase and 4-coumaric acid-CoA-ligase. The activities of lipase, lipoxygenase and phospholipase D related to lipid metabolism were repressed by melatonin. These results showed that exogenous melatonin can maintain the quality of guava fruit and enhance its resistance to disease by improving the antioxidant and defense systems of the fruit.
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Fang, Tian, Xiaoqian Zhang, Shanshan Hu, Yanyan Yu, Xue Sun, and Nianjun Xu. "Enzymatic Degradation of Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis Polysaccharide and the Antioxidant Activity of Its Degradation Products." Marine Drugs 19, no. 5 (May 12, 2021): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19050270.
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Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis polysaccharides (GLP) were degraded using pectinase, glucoamylase, cellulase, xylanase, and β-dextranase into low-molecular-weight polysaccharides, namely, GPP, GGP, GCP, GXP, and GDP, respectively, and their antioxidant capacities were investigated. The degraded GLP showed higher antioxidant activities than natural GLP, and GDP exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. After the optimization of degradation conditions through single-factor and orthogonal optimization experiments, four polysaccharide fractions (GDP1, GDP2, GDP3, and GDP4) with high antioxidant abilities (hydroxyl radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, reduction capacity, and total antioxidant capacity) were obtained. Their cytoprotective activities against H2O2-induced oxidative damage in human fetal lung fibroblast 1 (HFL1) cells were examined. Results suggested that GDP pretreatment can significantly improve cell viability, reduce reactive oxygen species and malonaldehyde levels, improve antioxidant enzyme activity and mitochondria membrane potential, and alleviate oxidative damage in HFL1 cells. Thus, the enzyme degradation of GLP with β-dextranase can significantly improve its antioxidant activity, and GDP might be a suitable source of natural antioxidants.
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Salami, Maryam, Ali Akbar Moosavi-Movahedi, Faezeh Moosavi-Movahedi, Mohammad Reza Ehsani, Reza Yousefi, Mohammad Farhadi, Amir Niasari-Naslaji, Ali Akbar Saboury, Jean-Marc Chobert, and Thomas Haertlé. "Biological activity of camel milk casein following enzymatic digestion." Journal of Dairy Research 78, no. 4 (September 13, 2011): 471–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022029911000628.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of enzymatic hydrolysis with digestive enzymes of camel whole casein and beta-casein (β-CN) on their antioxidant and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-inhibitory properties. Peptides in each hydrolysate were fractionated with ultra-filtration membranes. The antioxidant activity was determined using a Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) scale. After enzymatic hydrolysis, both antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities of camel whole casein and camel β-CN were enhanced. Camel whole casein and β-CN showed significant ACE-inhibitory activities after hydrolysis with pepsin alone and after pepsinolysis followed by trypsinolysis and chymotrypsinolysis. Camel β-CN showed high antioxidant activity after hydrolysis with chymotrypsin. The results of this study suggest that when camel milk is consumed and digested, the produced peptides start to act as natural antioxidants and ACE-inhibitors.
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Nam, Yea-eun, Yunsoo Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Minji Jung, and Oran Kwon. "Single and Repeated Supplementation of SOD Differently Improve Antioxidant Capacity Against Exercise Challenges." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac053.063.
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Abstract Objectives Oxidative stress, commonly exposed in our daily life, produces free radicals. Excessively produced free radicals damage body components and eventually promote degenerative diseases. It has been reported that the reinforcement of superoxide dismutase (SOD), the first barrier of the antioxidant system, protects our body from oxidative stress by enhancing the subsequent redox cycle. The use of SOD, an enzymatic antioxidant rather than a simple antioxidant, is still insufficient to evaluate its safety and efficacy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the long-term consumption safety for enzymatic antioxidants and the effect of SOD supplementation on exercise-induced oxidative stress. Methods This study was designed as a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled in 80 healthy adults. The subjects consumed SOD (250 IU/capsule) daily for 8 weeks and induced oxidative stress via acute aerobic exercise at the beginning and end of the experimental period. The exercise challenge was performed on a treadmill for 30 minutes at an intensity of 60% of each subject's maximal oxygen consumption (VO2 max). Blood and urine samples have collected a total of three times, after overnight fasting, immediately after exercise, and after a 30-minute rest, which was used to evaluate the safety of long-term enzymatic antioxidant supplementation, as well as functional indicators of antioxidant systems and oxidative stress. Results Endogenous antioxidant defense systems, oxidative damage, and even antioxidant balance indicators were compared by considering the interaction between the group and status over time. A single intake of SOD significantly reduced the level of oxidative damage and inflammation indicators (P < 0.05) as it sequentially activated antioxidant enzymes (P < 0.10). Furthermore, long-term intake of SOD showed a stabilized defense response against the same oxidative stress load and improved balance between antioxidant enzymes immediately after exercise (P < 0.05) without any side effects. Conclusions These findings suggest that single and repeated supplementation of SOD may differently improve the antioxidant defense system without side effects. Funding Sources This work was supported by the BK21 Fostering Outstanding Universities for Research funded by the Ministry of Education (Korea) and the National Research Foundation of Korea.
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Praud, Delphine, Maria Parpinel, Mauro Serafini, Rino Bellocco, Alessandra Tavani, Pagona Lagiou, Carlo La Vecchia, and Marta Rossi. "Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and risk of gastric cancer." Cancer Epidemiology 39, no. 3 (June 2015): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2015.04.003.
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Lee, Kyung Hee, Myeounghoon Cha, and Bae Hwan Lee. "Neuroprotective Effect of Antioxidants in the Brain." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 19 (September 28, 2020): 7152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21197152.
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The brain is vulnerable to excessive oxidative insults because of its abundant lipid content, high energy requirements, and weak antioxidant capacity. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) increase susceptibility to neuronal damage and functional deficits, via oxidative changes in the brain in neurodegenerative diseases. Overabundance and abnormal levels of ROS and/or overload of metals are regulated by cellular defense mechanisms, intracellular signaling, and physiological functions of antioxidants in the brain. Single and/or complex antioxidant compounds targeting oxidative stress, redox metals, and neuronal cell death have been evaluated in multiple preclinical and clinical trials as a complementary therapeutic strategy for combating oxidative stress associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Herein, we present a general analysis and overview of various antioxidants and suggest potential courses of antioxidant treatments for the neuroprotection of the brain from oxidative injury. This review focuses on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant mechanisms in the brain and examines the relative advantages and methodological concerns when assessing antioxidant compounds for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.
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Georgescu, Simona Roxana, Alina Musetescu, Corina Daniela Ene, Cosmin Ene, Mădălina Mitran, Cristina Mitran, Mircea Tampa, and Ilinca Nicolae. "Relationship of Lichen Planus, Hepatitis Virus C and Low Level of Total Antioxidant Capacity." Internal Medicine 15, no. 5 (December 1, 2018): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/inmed-2018-0035.
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AbstractBased on the latest medical research, it is supposed that lichen planus is an inflammatory disorder, associated with autoimmune diseases, hepatitis C infection, oxidative stress or antioxidant deficiency. The purpose of the present work is to determine a panel of serum antioxidants, possibly involved in the development/persistence of the disease. The determination of extracellular antioxidants (bilirubin, uric acid, albumin, iron, transferrin, ferritin, copper, ceruloplasmin, total antioxidant capacity) in patients with lichen planus during exacerbations have revealed a significant reduction in non-enzymatic antioxidant systems. Hepatitis C virus enhances the deficit of antioxidants in patients with lichen planus. Based on these findings, the authors consider that lichen planus is a complex disease of unidentified cause and its pathogenic mechanisms are still incompletely elucidated. It may be speculated that several interconnected mechanisms are involved in the onset and evolution of lichen planus.
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Koshevoy, V. I., and S. V. Naumenko. "The activity of the antioxidant protection enzymatic system of boars with a decrease in their reproductive capacity under oxidative stress." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 8, no. 3 (2020): 194–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2020.83027.
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It was found that enzymatic system activity of the antioxidant protection of the breeding boars organism with a decrease in their reproductive ability under oxidative stress was significantly decreased, which was noted by a decrease in the antioxidant capacity. Males of the experimental group had a decrease in superoxide dismutase activity by 30,2% (p ˂ 0,01). At the same time, in the erythrocytes of breeding boars, catalase activity was reduced by 33,9% (p ˂ 0,001) compared with the indicators of the control group animals, due to the high sensitivity to nitric oxide, the content of which was significantly increased during oxidative stress; interacting with nitric oxide, a suppressed form of catalase – ferricatalase-NO was formed. A decrease in the activity of these enzymes is characteristic of the oxidative stress development – which is due to the high level of peroxidation processes in the body of breeding boars. With a decrease in the activity of glutathione system components, an imbalance of the prooxidant-antioxidant system was noted. According to the research results, a decrease in the activity of the glutathione redox cycle enzymes – glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase was noted, which in boars with a decrease of reproductive ability were also reduced, and this also confirmed the state of oxidative stress. Thus, boars of the experimental group had a pronounced decrease in glutathione peroxidase activity by 28,4% (p ˂ 0,05), while the activity of glutathione reductase in erythrocytes was significantly reduced by 20,2% (p ˂ 0,05). The lack of physiological activity of antioxidant enzymes will have a negative impact on the fertilizing ability of sperm, because the lack of components of the enzymatic antioxidant defence system affects the activity of enzymes in sperm received from the breeding boars. A balance was observed between the components of the enzymatic antioxidant defense: the ratio of antioxidant enzymes’ activity in the male experimental group was lower than the values in the control group, however, the indices of superoxide dismutase/catalase and glutathione peroxidase/glutathione reductase had the same values, indicating that the balance in the enzymatic system of antioxidant defense was maintained. A decrease in enzyme indices in the experimental group indicated a decrease in the antioxidant potential and confirmed a certain state of oxidative stress in the breeding boars organism.
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Catalán, Jaime, Iván Yánez-Ortiz, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Luis Guillermo González-Arostegui, Camila P. Rubio, Marc Yeste, Jordi Miró, and Isabel Barranco. "Impact of Seminal Plasma Antioxidants on Donkey Sperm Cryotolerance." Antioxidants 11, no. 2 (February 18, 2022): 417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020417.
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This study investigated whether the activities of the antioxidant components of donkey seminal plasma (SP)—both enzymatic (superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase-like (CAT), glutathione peroxidase-like (GPX), and paraoxonase type 1 (PON1)) and non-enzymatic (measured in terms of total thiol, copper-reducing antioxidant capacity (CUPRAC), ferric-reducing ability of plasma (FRAP), and Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC))—and oxidative stress index (OSI) are related to sperm cryotolerance. For this purpose, 15 ejaculates from jackasses (one per individual) were collected and split into two aliquots. The first one was used for measuring the activities levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants and OSI in SP, whereas the other aliquot was cryopreserved. Before cryopreservation, sperm quality parameters (concentration, motility, and viability) were evaluated. After thawing, sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, lipid disorder, mitochondrial membrane potential, reactive oxygen species (ROS), and calcium intracellular levels were also determined. Based on the percentages of total motility (TM) and of sperm with an intact plasma membrane (SYBR14+/PI−) after thawing, samples were classified as good-freezability (GFE) or poor-freezability (PFE) ejaculates through cluster analyses. The SP activity levels of enzymatic (SOD and PON1) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (CUPRAC, FRAP, and TEAC) were higher (p < 0.05) in GFE than in PFE, whereas SP-OSI was higher (p < 0.05) in PFE than in GFE. In addition, the activity levels of SOD, PON1, GPX, CUPRAC, FRAP, and TEAC were positively (p < 0.05) related to post-thaw sperm motility and plasma membrane integrity and negatively to intracellular ROS levels. The SP-OSI was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) to post-thaw sperm quality parameters and positively to intracellular ROS levels. It can thus be concluded that donkey SP antioxidants are related to sperm cryotolerance and that measurements of antioxidants PON1, SOD, CUPRAC, FRAP, and TEAC, as well as SP-OSI, could be used as markers of sperm cryotolerance. Further research addressing the relationship of these antioxidants and SP-OSI with sperm cryotolerance and their potential use as freezing markers is warranted.
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Ercoli, Luciana, Érica Oliveira Barizão, Joana Shuelter Boeing, Marcus Vinícius Kvitschal, Jesuí Vergilio Visentainer, and Vitor De Cinque Almeida. "Evaluation of chemical characteristics and correlation analysis with pulp browning of advanced selections of apples grown in Brazil." Acta Scientiarum. Technology 39, no. 1 (February 24, 2017): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascitechnol.v39i1.27913.
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In this research, the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant capacity (FRAP and DPPH•× assays) of pulps and peels of advanced selection of apples grown in Brazil were investigated. The correlation analyses between the activity of polyphenoloxidase enzyme (PPO), vitamin C content, total titratable acidity, and color parameters were performed. The results indicated that the data differed significantly among the apple genotypes studied. The peels of the selection Epagri 170-91 and Epagri 170-25 showed the highest TPC and antioxidant capacities. In addition, the pulps of the Epagri 170-91 presented the highest TPC and antioxidant capacities, the lowest enzymatic browning, highest amount of vitamin C and lowest enzymatic activity when compared with other genotypes. The TPC and antioxidant capacities were significantly correlated in all genotypes analyzed. High correlation values between enzymatic browning and factors that affect the apple color were also found in all analyzed pulps, except between enzymatic browning and TPC. The results demonstrated that the enzymatic browning and TPC, as well as the antioxidant capacity and chemical characteristics, vary considerably depending on the apple genotypes and fruit tissues analyzed.
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Escorcia, Magdalena, Félix Sánchez-Godoy, David Ramos-Vidales, Omar Noel Medina-Campos, and José Pedraza-Chaverri. "Effect of the Age and Body Weight of the Broiler Breeders Male on the Presentation of Oxidative Stress and Its Correlation with the Quality of Testicular Parenchyma and Physiological Antioxidant Levels." Veterinary Sciences 7, no. 2 (May 26, 2020): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vetsci7020069.
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Chicken meat is a food of high nutritional quality; its production requires birds called broilers breeders and looking after all aspects that influence their reproductive capacity. An ongoing controversy exists among researchers related to the weight of the rooster and its fertilization capacity. By histological and biochemical tests, the association between weight and age with oxidant damage, testicular parenchyma and antioxidant capacity was evaluated in Ross 308 roosters. Testicular integrity was assessed by histological analysis, oxidative stress was determined by malondialdehyde content, non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity was determined by oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay and enzymatic antioxidant capacity through glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase and glutathione-S-transferase activities. Histological analysis showed vacuolization of the epithelium from the seminiferous tubules. A significant negative association was observed between malondialdehyde and the deterioration of the integrity of the seminiferous epithelium, as well as between age and integrity of the seminiferous epithelium. It became evident that oxidative damage directly affects the quality of testicular parenchyma. Weight and age were not associated with the antioxidant enzymes activities, but with non-enzymatic capacity. The data obtained suggest that weight is not the most important factor that influences the fertility of the rooster.
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Jordán, María J., Cristina Martínez-Conesa, Sancho Bañón, Julio Otal, María Quílez, Inmaculada García-Aledo, Pascual Romero-Espinar, and Pedro Sánchez-Gómez. "The Combined Effect of Mediterranean Shrubland Pasture and the Dietary Administration of Sage By-Products on the Antioxidant Status of Segureña Ewes and Lambs." Antioxidants 9, no. 10 (September 30, 2020): 938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9100938.
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The objective of this study was to determine if the combined effect of ewe grazing and the incorporation of sage by-products in the lamb feed enhances the Segureña ewe and lamb antioxidant status. For that, the endogenous (related to blood antioxidant enzymes) and exogenous (plasma antioxidant activity) antioxidant systems of ewes and lambs were studied at the physiological stages of lactation, after weaning and at the end of the fattening period. Major results indicated that grazing improved the enzymatic antioxidant defense of ewes during the stressful period of lamb weaning, and also, the antioxidant status of the ewe plasma at both physiological stages: lactation and after lamb weaning. With regards to the lambs, ewe grazing stimulated the antioxidant enzymatic defense during lactation, but not the antioxidant capacity of the plasma. At the end of the fattening period, the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diet (10% w/w) enhanced both the enzymatic cascade and antioxidant capacity of the lamb plasma. The antioxidant capacity of the lamb meat was also studied and the benefits of sage were detected in samples from the deltoideus muscle. Thus, Mediterranean grazing stimulated the antioxidant defense in ewes, while the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diets enhanced the antioxidant status of both blood and meat.
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Yuxin, Wang, Yu Guoping, Zang Xiaodan, and Ye Fei. "Optimization, antioxidant activity and bile salts adsorption capacity of the aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 36, No. 4 (September 3, 2018): 333–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/369/2017-cjfs.
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The optimum extraction conditions of the aqueous enzymatic extract from rice bran (AEERB) were evaluated with respect to γ-oryzanol content and ferric reducing/antioxidant power (FRAP) activity by using response surface methodology. The results showed that the effect of the extraction temperature on γ-oryzanol content and FRAP activity was the most significant. The optimal conditions were determined as follows: Trypsin, 453 U/g at 56°C and pH 7.9 for 2 h at a liquid/solid ratio of 7 : 1. The corresponding γ-oryzanol content and FRAP activity were 0.1749 mg/g and 0.5043 mmol FeSO<sub>4</sub>/g, respectively. The antioxidant activities of AEERB were comparable with 2,6-di-tert-buty-4-methylphenol (BHT) or ascorbic acid (AA) at the high concentration. Furthermore, the binding capacities of AEERB to sodium taurocholate and sodium deoxycholate were 24.96 and 13.63 µmol/100 mg, respectively. The results indicated that AEERB is a promising method for developing and applying a value-added RB product.
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Carrión-García, Cayetano Javier, Eduardo Jesús Guerra-Hernández, Belén García-Villanova, Mauro Serafini, María-José Sánchez, Pilar Amiano, and Esther Molina-Montes. "Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC) in Relation to Dietary NEAC, Nutrient Antioxidants and Inflammation-Related Biomarkers." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040301.
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(1) Background: Little is known about the interlinkages between dietary and plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (D-NEAC and P-NEAC, respectively) and the body’s antioxidant and inflammation response. Our aim was to explore these associations in 210 participants from two Spanish European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) centers. (2) Methods: D-NEAC was estimated using published NEAC values in food. P-NEAC and total polyphenols (TP) were quantified by FRAP (ferric-reducing antioxidant power), TRAP (total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter), TEAC-ABTS (trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity-Azino Bis Thiazoline Sulfonic), ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) and Folin–Ciocalteu assays. Nutrient antioxidants (carotenes, α-tocopherol, ascorbic acid, retinol, uric acid, Q9 and Q10 coenzymes) and inflammation markers (IL-6, IL-8, CRP, TNF-α, PAI-I, resistin and adiponectin) were also analyzed. Spearman correlation and linear regression analyses were performed in association analyses. Analyses were stratified by covariates and groups were defined using cluster analysis. (3) Results: P-FRAP was correlated with D-NEAC, and significantly associated with P-NEAC in multivariate adjusted models. P-FRAP levels were also significantly associated with plasma antioxidants (log2 scale: TP β = 0.26; ascorbic acid β = 0.03; retinol β = 0.08; α-tocopherol β = 0.05; carotenes β = 0.02; Q10 β = 0.06; uric acid β = 0.25), though not with inflammation-related biomarkers. Different profiles of individuals with varying levels of P-NEAC and biomarkers were found. (4) Conclusions: P-NEAC levels were to some extent associated with D-NEAC and plasma antioxidants, yet not associated with inflammation response.
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Joshi, A. P. K., H. P. V. Rupasinghe, N. L. Pitts, and S. Khanizadeh. "Biochemical characterization of enzymatic browning in selected apple genotypes." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 5 (December 1, 2007): 1067–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps07136.
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Enzymatic browning in apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) caused by polyphenol oxidases (PPO) is the major factor responsible for the deterioration of quality in processed apple products such as juice, fresh-cut slices, and chips. Selected apple genotypes with a range of low post-cut enzymatic browning were investigated to understand the biochemical mechanisms leading to enzymatic browning. Post-cut enzymatic browning, polyphenolic profiles using LC-MS/MS, PPO activity, vitamin C, total antioxidant capacity using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), and elemental composition were determined in two recently released cultivars [Eden™(also known as SJCA38R6A74) and SuperMac], and one new advanced line (SJCA16) and compared with two commercial cultivars (Empire and Cortland). Eden™ exhibited the least post-cut enzymatic browning as estimated by Whiteness Index. SJCA16 possessed a characteristic yellowish flesh color. Whiteness Index (WI) values were inversely related to chlorogenic acid, catechin and epicatechin contents present in apple slices. Vitamin C content showed a strong positive correlation with WI. Among the mineral elements, the content of copper had a strong positive correlation with PPO activity. Key words: Apple genotypes, enzymatic browning, polyphenoloxidase, polyphenolics, Whiteness Index, total antioxidant capacity
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Mohi-Ud-Din, Mohammed, Nurealam Siddiqui, Motiar Rohman, S. V. Krishna Jagadish, Jalal Uddin Ahmed, Mohamed M. Hassan, Akbar Hossain, and Tofazzal Islam. "Physiological and Biochemical Dissection Reveals a Trade-Off between Antioxidant Capacity and Heat Tolerance in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)." Antioxidants 10, no. 3 (February 26, 2021): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030351.
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Heat stress alters photosynthetic components and the antioxidant scavenging system, negatively affecting plant growth and development. Plants overcome heat stress damage through an integrated network involving enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. This study aimed to assess physiological and biochemical responses in contrasting thermo-tolerant wheat varieties exposed to 25 °C (control) and 35 °C (heat stress), during the seedling stage. Our results revealed a substantial decrease in the photosynthetic pigments, carotenoids, anthocyanin content, and increased membrane injury index, malondialdehyde, methylglyoxal (MG), H2O2 contents and lipoxygenase activity compared to non-stress wheat seedlings. The heat-tolerant variety BARI Gom 26 (“BG26”) maintained higher cellular homeostasis compared to the heat susceptible variety Pavon 76 (“Pavon”), perpetuated by higher accumulation of proline, glycine betaine, ascorbate-glutathione cycle associated enzymes, reduced glutathione and ascorbate concentration in plant cells. Significantly lower levels of MG detoxification and antioxidant activities and ascorbate-glutathione cycle-related enzymatic activities lead to increased susceptibility in variety “Pavon”. Hierarchical clustering and principal component analysis revealed that variety “BG26” possess a combination of biochemical responses tailoring antioxidant activities that induced a higher level of tolerance. Taken together, our results provide a pipeline for establishing a trade-off between antioxidant capacity and heat tolerance to facilitate functional genomics and translational research to unravel underlying mechanisms to better adapt wheat to heat stress.
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Saleem, Ammara, Asma Zulfiqar, Baber Ali, Manal Ahmed Naseeb, Arwa Saad Almasaudi, and Steve Harakeh. "Iron Sulfate (FeSO4) Improved Physiological Attributes and Antioxidant Capacity by Reducing Oxidative Stress of Oryza sativa L. Cultivars in Alkaline Soil." Sustainability 14, no. 24 (December 15, 2022): 16845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142416845.
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Rice ranks second among cereals in dietary uses around the world. Rice is deficient in iron (Fe), and these are important micronutrients for infants, men, and women. Fortification of rice with iron would help to minimize nutrient deficiency disorders among humans. The current study aims to introduce nutrient-rich rice. The effects of iron on germination, growth, photosynthetic pigment, antioxidant activity, and reduction of oxidative stress were investigated in four Oryza sativa L. cultivars. O. sativa of four different cultivars (Basmati-515, PK-386, KSK-133, and Basmati-198) were grown under five treatments (100, 200, 300, 400, and 500 mM) of iron sulphate (FeSO4) in soil of pH 7.5, along with control, by using six replicates. The result revealed that Fe treatment significantly affected seed germination percentage, plant growth parameters, biomass, photosynthetic pigments (chl a, chl b, total chlorophyll, and carotenoids), antioxidant enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity, and reduced oxidative stress. The findings also showed that Fe application reduced the oxidative stress including malondialdehyde content and hydrogen peroxide, by increasing the antioxidant enzymatic activity, i.e., catalase, ascorbate peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione peroxidase, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate (DPPH), and non-enzymatic antioxidant compounds (proline, amino acid, total soluble protein, phenolics, flavonoids, reducing-non-reducing sugar, and carbohydrates) in all cultivars of O. sativa. Furthermore, FeSO4 induced a significant increase in proline, free amino acid, and total carbohydrates in the leaves of all O. sativa cultivars, but Basmati-198 showed the significantly highest content by 169, 88, and 110%, respectively, at concentration of 500 mM. The present research work showed that soil application of FeSO4 improved the seed germination, plant growth, and antioxidants enzymatic and non-enzymatic activity, denatured the ROS (reactive oxygen species) in alkaline soil. In order to understand the underlying mechanisms, long-term field investigations should be carried out at the molecular level to examine patterns of iron uptake and plant growth.
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Bartosz, Grzegorz. "Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity assays: Limitations of use in biomedicine." Free Radical Research 44, no. 7 (May 7, 2010): 711–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10715761003758114.
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Grimaldos, Nathalia A. Gómez, and José E. M. Zapata. "Scaling up the Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Bovine Plasma Protein to Produce an Antioxidant from a Biological Source." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 22, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 150–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666200807104636.
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Background: modern society, there is a tendency to consume products with natural origins and minimum chemical additives. This has encouraged the replacement of synthetic antioxidants for the ones obtained from natural sources, such as the antioxidants acquired from enzymatic protein hydrolysates. Objective: In this study, the process of enzymatic hydrolysis of proteins from bovine plasma, which produces hydrolysates with an Antioxidant Capacity (AC), was scaled up from 1 to 5 L. Methods: An experimental design was developed in 1 L to evaluate the effect of the Substrate concentration (So) on the time needed to reach a Degree of Hydrolysis (DH) of 20% as well as the AC. Results: The best conditions in the 1 L reactor controlled by a Titrando 842 were transferred to 5L in a BioFlo310 reactor. These conditions were achieved at a ratio of 80g/L of the substrate and 0.89 AU of Alcalase 2.4L/g of the substrate in order to obtain a level of 16.36 ± 0.21min of the 20% of DH and antioxidant capacity of 58.98 ± 1.80%. Conclusion: The results showed that DH depends significantly on So, while the antioxidant capacity only depends on the DH. Additionally, the dimensional analysis using Re as a scaling criterion allowed us to obtain the same results in the model (1 L) and the prototype (5 L).
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MATIJEVIĆ, Anamarija, Ajla ŠAKONJIĆ, and Senad MURTIĆ. "Antioxidant response of Impatiens walleriana L. to drought." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 118, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2022.118.4.2438.
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<p class="042abstractstekst"><span lang="EN-US">Stress caused by drought induces plant morphology, biochemistry, and physiology changes, leading to considerable reductions in plant growth and productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant defence system of impatiens seedlings (<em>Impatiens walleriana</em> L.) under drought. The antioxidant response of impatiens to drought was evaluated using following parameters: the activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, pyrogallol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase, total phenolic and flavonoids contents and total antioxidant capacity. The experiment was conducted during 2020 in a greenhouse under controlled conditions. Half of the impatiens seedlings (20 plants), after the acclimation period in the greenhouse, were exposed to drought for a period of five days, while the second half was not (20 plants were regularly watered). The results of the study showed that the exposure of impatiens seedlings to drought increased the activity of enzymatic components, total phenolics and flavonoids contents and total antioxidant capacity of leaves. Greater exposure of impatiens to drought (in the observed period) implied a higher plant enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence system activity. These results confirm that impatiens has evolved both enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defence mechanisms to adapt and survive the short-term drought exposure.</span></p><em><em><br /></em></em>
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Tan, Chung Keat, Zainon Mohd Ali, Ismanizan Ismail, and Zamri Zainal. "Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene and Modified Atmosphere Packaging on the Antioxidant Capacity in Pepper “Kulai” during Low-Temperature Storage." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/474801.
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The objective of the present study was to simultaneously evaluate the effect of a postharvest treatment on the pepper's antioxidant content and its ability to retain its economical value during the postharvest period. The fruits were pretreated by modified atmosphere packaging (MAP) with or without treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) before cold storage at 10°C. Changes in the levels of non-enzymatic antioxidants, including the total phenolic, ascorbic acid levels and the total glutathione level, as well as enzymatic antioxidants, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), glutathione reductase (GR), and catalase (CAT), were determined. Both treatments successfully extended the shelf life of the fruit for up to 25 days, and a high level of antioxidant capacity was maintained throughout the storage period. However, 1-MCP treatment maintained the high antioxidant capacity for a longer period of time. The 1-MCP-treated peppers maintained high levels of phenolic content, a high reduced glutathione (GSH)/oxidised glutathione (GSSG) ratio, decreased levels of ascorbic acid and CAT activity, and increased levels of APX and GR compared with the peppers that were not treated with 1-MCP. The overall results suggested that a combination of 1-MCP and MAP was the most effective treatment for extending shelf life while retaining the nutritional benefits.
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Doklega, Samar M. A., Sally F. Abo El-Ezz, Nada A. Mostafa, Eldessoky S. Dessoky, Awatif M. Abdulmajeed, Doaa Bahaa Eldin Darwish, Fahad Mohammed Alzuaibr, et al. "Effect of Titanium and Vanadium on Antioxidants Content and Productivity of Red Cabbage." Horticulturae 8, no. 6 (May 28, 2022): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8060481.
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The present work studied the effect of foliar spray of different concentrations of titanium (Ti, applied as titanium dioxide) and vanadium (V, applied as vanadium pentoxide) on growth, chemical composition, antioxidant contents, antioxidant enzymes, antioxidant capacity, yield and quality criteria of red cabbage plants. For this purpose, 2.0, 4.0 and 6.0 mg L−1 of Ti and V were used to treat red cabbage plants. The control plants were treated with tap water. Our results showed that plants treated with 4.0 mg L−1 of Ti recorded the highest values of plant growth and bioactive compounds, while antioxidant capacity was decreased compared to the other treatments. In addition, plants treated with Ti and V at 2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1, respectively, showed higher values of all of the growth, yield, non-enzymatic antioxidants and antioxidants enzymes’ parameters compared to the untreated plants. Based on the obtained results, it could be concluded that the low concentrations of both Ti and V (2.0 and 4.0 mg L−1) were able to enhance red cabbage growth and yield, as well as the antioxidant contents, enzymes and capacity.
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Pimentel, Filipa B., Maria Cermeño, Thanyaporn Kleekayai, Pádraigín A. Harnedy-Rothwell, Eduarda Fernandes, Rita C. Alves, M. Beatriz P. P. Oliveira, and Richard J. FitzGerald. "Enzymatic Modification of Porphyra dioica-Derived Proteins to Improve their Antioxidant Potential." Molecules 25, no. 12 (June 19, 2020): 2838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25122838.
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Enzymatic hydrolysis has been employed to modify protein functional properties and discover new sources of antioxidants. In this study, the effect of different enzymatic treatments on antioxidant activity of Porphyra dioica (blades and protein isolate (PI)) was investigated. Protein nitrogen content of P. dioica blades and PI were 23 and 50% (dry weight), respectively. Blades and PI were hydrolyzed with Prolyve® and Prolyve® plus Flavourzyme®. Peptide profiles and molecular mass distribution of the hydrolysates were investigated. The hydrolysis promoted generation of peptides and low molecular mass components <1 kDa. Antioxidant activity was assessed using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·) scavenging, 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS·+) inhibition, and reactive oxygen species scavenging ability, i.e., oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) and hypochlorous acid (HOCl) scavenging assays. In general, enzymatic hydrolysis of P. dioica blades and PI enhanced the in vitro antioxidant activity. Direct hydrolysis of blades improved ORAC values up to 5-fold (from 610 to 3054 μmol Trolox eq./g freeze dried sample (FDS). The simultaneous release of phenolic compounds suggested a potential synergistic activity (ORAC and ABTS·+ assays). Such hydrolysates may be of value as functional food ingredients.
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Meulmeester, Fleur L., Jiao Luo, Leon G. Martens, Kevin Mills, Diana van Heemst, and Raymond Noordam. "Antioxidant Supplementation in Oxidative Stress-Related Diseases: What Have We Learned from Studies on Alpha-Tocopherol?" Antioxidants 11, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 2322. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11122322.
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Oxidative stress has been proposed as a key contributor to lifestyle- and age-related diseases. Because free radicals play an important role in various processes such as immune responses and cellular signaling, the body possesses an arsenal of different enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. Oxidative stress is, among others, the result of an imbalance between the production of various reactive oxygen species (ROS) and antioxidant defense mechanisms including vitamin E (α-tocopherol) as a non-enzymatic antioxidant. Dietary vitamins, such as vitamin C and E, can also be taken in as supplements. It has been postulated that increasing antioxidant levels through supplementation may delay and/or ameliorate outcomes of lifestyle- and age-related diseases that have been linked to oxidative stress. Although supported by many animal experiments and observational studies, randomized clinical trials in humans have failed to demonstrate any clinical benefit from antioxidant supplementation. Nevertheless, possible explanations for this discrepancy remain underreported. This review aims to provide an overview of recent developments and novel research techniques used to clarify the existing controversy on the benefits of antioxidant supplementation in health and disease, focusing on α-tocopherol as antioxidant. Based on the currently available literature, we propose that examining the difference between antioxidant activity and capacity, by considering the catabolism of antioxidants, will provide crucial knowledge on the preventative and therapeutical use of antioxidant supplementation in oxidative stress-related diseases.
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Anastasia, Stefirta, Bulhac Ion, Brinza Lilia, and Coropceanu Eduard. "THE ACTION OF SOME CYTOKININ-TYPE COMPOUNDS ON THE ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION CAPACITY OF PLANTS IN CONDITIONS OF UNFAVORABLE VARIATION OF HUMIDITY AND REPEATED WATER STRESS." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 07 (July 31, 2021): 642–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13166.
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The effect of cytokinin-type compound on the capacity of the enzymatic and non-enzymatic system of antioxidant protection by plants in conditions of humidity fluctuation and repeated drought were studied. As subjects served the plants Glycine max (Merr) L.cultivar Nadejda, grown in the Mitcherlih vegetation pots with volume of 40 kg soil and exposed to the drought stress at the phases first trifoliate leaf and flowering – pods formation. The antioxidant protection capacity of soybeans pre-treated with cytokinin, thiourea and with the composition Polyel + phytohormones (AIA, Gb, CK)is ensured both by the intensification of the activity of antioxidant enzymes and by the increase of content of non-enzymatic substances with low molecular weight.After restoring the optimal moisture content, the plants pre-treated with thiourea and Polyel + F more fully restore their functional processes.
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Catalán, Jaime, Iván Yánez-Ortiz, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Luis Guillermo González-Aróstegui, Camila P. Rubio, Isabel Barranco, Marc Yeste, and Jordi Miró. "Seminal Plasma Antioxidants Are Related to Sperm Cryotolerance in the Horse." Antioxidants 11, no. 7 (June 28, 2022): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11071279.
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The objective of this study was to determine the relationship of enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, SOD; glutathione peroxidase, GPX; catalase, CAT; and paraoxonase type 1, PON1) and non-enzymatic antioxidants (measured in terms of: Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, TEAC; cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity, CUPRAC; and ferric-reducing ability of plasma, FRAP), as well as the oxidative stress index (OSI) in seminal plasma (SP) with the resilience of horse sperm to freeze-thawing. Twenty-one ejaculates (one per individual) were collected and split into two aliquots: the first was used to harvest the SP and assess the activity levels of antioxidants and the OSI, and the second one was cryopreserved. The following post-thaw sperm quality parameters were evaluated: sperm motility, plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, mitochondrial membrane potential, intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and plasma membrane lipid disorder. Based on post-thaw total motility (TM) and plasma membrane integrity (SYBR14+/PI−), ejaculates were hierarchically (p < 0.001) clustered into two groups of good (GFE) and poor (PFE) freezability. The SP activity levels of PON1, SOD, and TEAC were higher (p < 0.05) in GFE than in PFE, showing a positive relationship (p < 0.05) with some sperm motility parameters and with plasma membrane (PON1 and TEAC) and acrosome (SOD and TEAC) integrity. In contrast, OSI was higher (p < 0.05) in the SP of PFE than in that of GFE, and was negatively correlated (p < 0.05) to some sperm motility parameters and to plasma membrane and acrosome integrity, and positively (p < 0.05) to the percentage of viable sperm with high plasma membrane lipid disorder. In conclusion, enzymatic (PON1 and SOD) and non-enzymatic (TEAC) antioxidants of SP are related to horse sperm cryotolerance. In addition, our results suggest that PON1 could be one of the main antioxidant enzymes involved in the control of ROS in this species. Further investigation is needed to confirm the potential use of these SP-antioxidants and OSI to predict sperm cryotolerance in horses.
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Castro-Cegrí, Alejandro, Sandra Sierra, Laura Hidalgo-Santiago, Adelaida Esteban-Muñoz, Manuel Jamilena, Dolores Garrido, and Francisco Palma. "Postharvest Treatment with Abscisic Acid Alleviates Chilling Injury in Zucchini Fruit by Regulating Phenolic Metabolism and Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant System." Antioxidants 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12010211.
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Reports show that phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is involved in reducing zucchini postharvest chilling injury. During the storage of harvested fruit at low temperatures, chilling injury symptoms were associated with cell damage through the production of reactive oxygen species. In this work, we have studied the importance of different non-enzymatic antioxidants on tolerance to cold stress in zucchini fruit treated with ABA. The application of ABA increases the antioxidant capacity of zucchini fruit during storage through the accumulation of ascorbate, carotenoids and polyphenolic compounds. The quantification of specific phenols was performed by UPLC/MS-MS, observing that exogenous ABA mainly activated the production of flavonoids. The rise in all these non-enzymatic antioxidants due to ABA correlates with a reduction in oxidative stress in treated fruit during cold stress. The results showed that the ABA mainly induces antioxidant metabolism during the first day of exposure to low temperatures, and this response is key to avoiding the occurrence of chilling injury. This work suggests an important protective role of non-enzymatic antioxidants and polyphenolic metabolism in the prevention of chilling injury in zucchini fruit.
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Parwata, Adi, Putra Manuaba, and Sutirta Yasa. "The Potency of Flavonoid Compounds in water Extract Gyrinops Versteegii Leaves as Natural Antioxidants Sources." Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal 11, no. 3 (September 17, 2018): 1501–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1517.
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Flavonoids can provide antioxidant effects by preventing the formation of ROS, directly capture ROS, protect lipophilic antioxidants and stimulate the increase of enzymatic antioxidants. Flavonoids are phenolic compounds that are widely found in medicinal plants, one of which is Gyrinops versteegii leaves. In this research to determine the potential of flavonoids in water extract Gyrinop versteegii as one source of natural antioxidants was investigated. This research begins with maceration of Gyrinops versteegii leaves with some solvents such as ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. Each of the extracts obtained measured the total content of Phenol. The extract, which had the highest total phenol content, measured the total flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity. The active extract as antioxidant was further isolated and identified its flavonoid content. Flavonoids obtained measured antioxidant capacity in vitro. Total phenol (mg GAE/100 g) of ethyl acetate extract = 443, ethanol extract =1.510, methanol extract = 6.069 and water extract = 14.979, total flavonoid contens = 2298, 977 mg QE/100 gram, containing phenol, flavonoid, tannin, alkaloid and steroid compounds. Antioxidant capacity with IC50 = 3,45 ppm (5 min.) and 3,05 (60 min.). Identification of isolates with UV-Vis spectroscopy showed 2 absorption bands namely band I at 352 nm and band II at 256 nm. Addition of AlCl3 / HCl shear reagent showed band I undergoing a 2 nm batochromic shift. These results indicate that the resulting flavonoid is suspected to be a flavonoid group of flavonol substituted -OH group at C-5 or 5-hydroxy-flavonol. and its antioxidant capacity or IC50 = 17,14 ppm. These results indicate that the isolated flavonoid has very strong antioxidant activity and is potentially developed as a natural antioxidant.
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Colominas-Ciuró, R., M. Bertellotti, VL D’Amico, E. Carabajal, J. Benzal, V. Vidal, M. Motas, M. Santos, N. Coria, and A. Barbosa. "Diet, antioxidants and oxidative status in pygoscelid penguins." Marine Ecology Progress Series 665 (April 29, 2021): 201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13651.
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Ecologically similar marine species inhabiting the same areas compete for food resources. Such competition is reduced by resource-partitioning strategies that may affect physiology. For instance, diet and feeding strategies may affect the antioxidant defences or the production of reactive oxygen species. Oxidative stress is defined as the imbalance between pro-oxidants and antioxidant defences. If such an imbalance favours the former, this can lead to oxidative damage, and oxidative stress increases. However, to our knowledge, how free-ranging animals adjust their oxidative status in relation to their foraging habitats, diet and dietary antioxidants has not yet been studied. Penguins are an interesting biological model for such a comparison because their diet, based on krill, fish and/or cephalopods, presents strong variation in dietary antioxidant content. We therefore examined trophic level (δ15N), foraging habitat (δ13C), dietary antioxidants (retinol, α-tocopherol and astaxanthin) and oxidative status (plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity and oxidative damage) in pygoscelid penguins (chinstrap Pygoscelis antarcticus, gentoo P. papua and Adélie P. adeliae) breeding in Antarctica. We found interspecific differences in all variables analysed except α-tocopherol. Gentoo penguins exploited more cephalopods and fish in coastal and benthic habitats, Adélies showed an intermediate position, whereas chinstraps foraged more on krill and fish in pelagic waters. Dietary antioxidant levels showed specific patterns resulting in relationships with prey items. However, we did not find any clear relationships between dietary antioxidants and species-specific antioxidant capacity, suggesting the importance of endogenously produced antioxidants. Oxidative status appeared to be differently related to foraging strategy and antioxidant capacity in each species.
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Flieger, Jolanta, Wojciech Flieger, Jacek Baj, and Ryszard Maciejewski. "Antioxidants: Classification, Natural Sources, Activity/Capacity Measurements, and Usefulness for the Synthesis of Nanoparticles." Materials 14, no. 15 (July 25, 2021): 4135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14154135.
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Natural extracts are the source of many antioxidant substances. They have proven useful not only as supplements preventing diseases caused by oxidative stress and food additives preventing oxidation but also as system components for the production of metallic nanoparticles by the so-called green synthesis. This is important given the drastically increased demand for nanomaterials in biomedical fields. The source of ecological technology for producing nanoparticles can be plants or microorganisms (yeast, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and bacteria). This review presents recently published research on the green synthesis of nanoparticles. The conditions of biosynthesis and possible mechanisms of nanoparticle formation with the participation of bacteria are presented. The potential of natural extracts for biogenic synthesis depends on the content of reducing substances. The assessment of the antioxidant activity of extracts as multicomponent mixtures is still a challenge for analytical chemistry. There is still no universal test for measuring total antioxidant capacity (TAC). There are many in vitro chemical tests that quantify the antioxidant scavenging activity of free radicals and their ability to chelate metals and that reduce free radical damage. This paper presents the classification of antioxidants and non-enzymatic methods of testing antioxidant capacity in vitro, with particular emphasis on methods based on nanoparticles. Examples of recent studies on the antioxidant activity of natural extracts obtained from different species such as plants, fungi, bacteria, algae, lichens, actinomycetes were collected, giving evaluation methods, reference antioxidants, and details on the preparation of extracts.
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Forbes-Hernandez, T. Y., M. Gasparrini, S. Afrin, M. Battino, and F. Giampieri. "The effect of an enzymatic digestion process on strawberry antioxidant capacity." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1156 (April 2017): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2017.1156.61.
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Pazinatto, Caroline, Luciana Gomes Malta, Gláucia Maria Pastore, and Flavia Maria Netto. "Antioxidant capacity of amaranth products: effects of thermal and enzymatic treatments." Food Science and Technology 33, no. 3 (September 13, 2013): 485–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-20612013005000076.
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Manzocco, Lara, Sonia Calligaris, Dino Mastrocola, Maria Cristina Nicoli, and Carlo Raffaele Lerici. "Review of non-enzymatic browning and antioxidant capacity in processed foods." Trends in Food Science & Technology 11, no. 9-10 (September 2000): 340–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-2244(01)00014-0.
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Huarancca Reyes, Thais, Lorenzo Mariotti, Carolina Chiellini, Lorenzo Guglielminetti, and Gustavo Graciano Fonseca. "UV-B Irradiation Effect on Microalgae Performance in the Remediation of Effluent Derived from the Cigarette Butt Cleaning Process." Plants 11, no. 18 (September 9, 2022): 2356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11182356.
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In this study, the potential of ultraviolet B (UV-B) radiation to alleviate the effects of pollutants in cigarette butt wastewater (CBW) was investigated using different Chlorella sorokiniana strains (F4, R1 and LG1). Microalgae were treated with UV-B (1.7 W m−2) for 3 days prior to their exposure to CBW and then incubated for 4 days in the absence or presence of UV-B. UV-B-untreated microalgae were used as the control. Comparative physiological responses, including photosynthetic pigments and non-enzymatic antioxidants, as well as nicotine and nicotyrine removal, were evaluated in 7-day cultures. UV-B treatments did not negatively impact algal chlorophyll or carotenoid production. UV-B acclimation was strain-dependent, correlating with native environment adaptations and genetic constitutions. UV-B as a pretreatment had long-term positive effects on non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity. However, LG1 needed more time to readjust the pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance, as it was the most UV-B-sensitive. Phenolic compounds played an important role in the antioxidant system response to UV-B, while flavonoids did not contribute to the total antioxidant capacity. Although cross-resistance between UV-B and CBW was observed in F4 and R1, only R1 showed nicotine/nicotyrine catabolism induction due to UV-B. Overall, the results suggest that UV-B activates defense pathways associated with resistance or tolerance to nicotine and nicotyrine.
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Stefaniak, Jan, and Barbara Łata. "Actinidia arguta Leaf as a Donor of Potentially Healthful Bioactive Compounds: Implications of Cultivar, Time of Sampling and Soil N Level." Molecules 26, no. 13 (June 24, 2021): 3871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26133871.
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The aim of this study was to assess the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant status of kiwiberry (Actinidia arguta) leaf under different N regimes tested three times in field conditions during the 2015 growing season in two cultivars (‘Weiki’ and ‘Geneva’). Leaf total antioxidant capacity using ABTS, DPPH and FRAP tests was evaluated in the years 2015 to 2017, which experienced different weather conditions. Both cultivars exhibited a significant fall in leaf L-ascorbic acid (L-AA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as global content of these compounds during the growing season, while total phenolic contents slightly (‘Weiki’) or significantly (‘Geneva’) increased. There was a large fluctuation in antioxidative enzyme activity during the season. The correlation between individual antioxidants and trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity (TEAC) depended on the plant development phase. The study revealed two peaks of an increase in TEAC at the start and end of the growing season. Leaf L-AA, global phenolics, APX, CAT and TEAC depended on the N level, but thiol compounds were not affected. Over the three years, TEAC decreased as soil N fertility increased, and the strength of the N effect was year dependent. The relationship between leaf N content and ABTS and FRAP tests was highly negative. The antioxidant properties of kiwiberry leaves were found to be closely related to the plant development phase and affected by soil N fertility.
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Meca, Andreea-Daniela, Adina Turcu-Stiolica, Elena Camelia Stanciulescu, Ana Marina Andrei, Floarea Mimi Nitu, Ileana Monica Banita, Marius Matei, and Catalina-Gabriela Pisoschi. "Variations of Serum Oxidative Stress Biomarkers under First-Line Antituberculosis Treatment: A Pilot Study." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 2 (February 9, 2021): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11020112.
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Tuberculosis (TB) is one of the highest infectious burdens worldwide, and pathogenesis is yet incompletely elucidated. Bacilli dissemination is due to poor antioxidant defense mechanisms and intensified oxidative stress. There are few recent studies that analyzed and compared free radicals or antioxidant status before and after anti-TB treatment. Hence, the present study underlines the need to identify oxidative stress as it could be a useful tool in TB monitorisation. Thirty newly diagnosed patients with pulmonary TB were included after signing an informed consent. Blood was collected before receiving first-line anti-tubercular therapy (T0) and after 60 days (T2). Spectrophotometric methods were used to quantify oxidative parameters (TBARS—thiobarbituric acid reactive species); enzymatic antioxidants such as SOD (superoxide dismutase), CAT (catalase), GPx (glutathione peroxidase), and TAC (total antioxidant capacity); and non-enzymatic antioxidants such as GSH (reduced glutathione). A moderate positive correlation was found between GSH and TAC (r = 0.63, p-value = 0.046) and GSH and SOD (r = 0.64, p-value = 0.041) at T2. Increased values of GSH, CAT, and SOD were noted at T2 in comparison with T0, while GPx, TAC, and TBARS decreased at T2. A better monitorisation in TB could be based on oxidative stress and antioxidant status. Nevertheless, restoring redox host balance could reduce TB progression.
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CUNHA, Ana Paula Simões da, Luana BALDISSERA, Débora Linsbinski PEREIRA, Lucineia Reuse ALBIERO, Lindsey CASTOLDI, Adilson Paulo SINHORIN, and Valéria Dornelles Gindri SINHORIN. "Evaluation of the antioxidant potential of Copaifera multijuga in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice." Acta Amazonica 49, no. 1 (March 2019): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201800672.
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ABSTRACT Copaifera multijuga, commonly known as copaiba, is popularly used in the form of tea for various conditions due to the presence of antioxidant substances in its composition, which protect cells against damage caused by free radicals. Its oleoresin is also used as an anti-inflammatory and antitumoral agent. The present study investigated the antioxidant effect of the ethanolic extract of copaiba stem bark on Swiss mice inoculated with solid Ehrlich tumors. Mice were inoculated subcutaneously with 1x106 Ehrlich’s tumor cells and treated via gavage with ethanolic extract of copaiba for thirty days, with doses varying between 100 and 200 mg kg-1. Biochemical analyses of enzymatic antioxidants [superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST)], non-enzymatic antioxidants [reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (ASA)], substances reactive to thiobarbituric acid (TBARS) and protein carbonylation (carbonyl) in different tissues were significantly affected. The extract administered at 200 mg kg-1 presented higher antioxidant capacity in the liver, increased CAT, GST, GSH and decreased TBARS, as well as increased CAT activity and protein carbonylation in brain tissue. The results showed that the copaiba extract was able to reverse the oxidative stress caused by solid Ehrlich tumor, probably due to the presence of antioxidant compounds, and had potential antineoplasic effect after a 30-day treatment.
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Dadkhah, Abolfazl, Faezeh Fatemi, Somaieh Kazemnejad, Yusef Rasmi, Javad Ashrafi-Helan, and Abdolamir Allameh. "Differential effects of acetaminophen on enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant factors and plasma total antioxidant capacity in developing and adult rats." Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry 281, no. 1-2 (January 2006): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11010-006-0719-x.
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Kovács, Zsófia, Janka Bedő, Bánk Pápai, Andrea Kitti Tóth-Lencsés, Gábor Csilléry, Antal Szőke, Éva Bányai-Stefanovits, Erzsébet Kiss, and Anikó Veres. "Ripening-Induced Changes in the Nutraceutical Compounds of Differently Coloured Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Breeding Lines." Antioxidants 11, no. 4 (March 26, 2022): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox11040637.
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To date, several research studies addressed the topic of phytochemical analysis of the different coloured pepper berries during ripening, but none discussed it in the case of purple peppers. In this study we examine whether the anthocyanin accumulation of the berries in the early stages of ripening could result in a higher antioxidant capacity due to the elevated amount of polyphenolic compounds. Therefore, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity was measured in four distinct phenophases of fruit maturity. Furthermore, the expression of structural and regulatory genes of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway was also investigated. An overall decreasing trend was observed in the polyphenolic and flavonoid content and antioxidant capacity of the samples towards biological ripeness. Significant changes both in between the genotypes and in between the phenophases were scored, with the genotype being the most affecting factor on the phytonutrients. An extreme purple pepper yielded outstanding results compared to the other genotypes, with its polyphenolic and flavonoid content as well as its antioxidant capacity being the highest in every phenophase studied. Based on our results, besides MYBa (Ca10g11650) two other putative MYBs participate in the regulation of the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway.
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Gonçalves, Gilma A. S., Nathane S. Resende, Elisângela E. N. Carvalho, Jaime V. de Resende, and Eduardo V. de B Vilas Boas. "Effect of Processing and Frozen Storage on the Phenolic Profile, Bioative Compounds, Antioxidant Capacity, and Enzymatic Activity of Mangaba Pulp." Current Nutrition & Food Science 15, no. 1 (March 13, 2019): 48–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1573401313666171004144858.
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Backgound: The mangaba, an exotic fruit of the Brazilian Cerrado, has high nutritional and bioactive value, but processing can induce changes to these characteristics. </P><P> Objective: Evaluate the stability of the bioactive compounds and the antioxidant and enzymatic capacity of mangaba pulp subjected to pasteurization, freezing methods, and prolonged storage. </P><P> Method: The pulps were submitted to two levels of pasteurization (unpasteurized and pasteurized), two freezing methods (static air and forced air), and five frozen storage times (0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months). The vitamin C, carotenoids, total phenolics, profile of phenolic compounds, antioxidant capacity, and enzymes polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase were analyzed in the fruit and pulps. </P><P> Results: The fruit showed a high vitamin C and total phenolics content and a high antioxidant capacity, including chlorogenic acid and routine predominant phenolics. The forced air freezing method is more efficient in vitamin C retention, and pasteurization favors higher retention of total phenolics and antioxidant capacity, as well as lower enzymatic activity of polyphenoloxidase and peroxidase. Frozen storage for up to six months retains most of the individual phenolics, with (+) - catechin and transcinnamic acid being the most stable. </P><P> Conclusion: Mangaba pulp is a good source of bioactive compounds and has good antioxidant capacity, even after one year of frozen storage.
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Ali, Esmat F., Alshafei M. Aljarani, Fozia A. Mohammed, El-Sayed M. Desoky, Ibrahim A. A. Mohamed, Mohamed El-Sharnouby, Suzan A. Tammam, Fahmy A. S. Hassan, Mostafa M. Rady, and Ahmed Shaaban. "Exploring the Potential Enhancing Effects of Trans-Zeatin and Silymarin on the Productivity and Antioxidant Defense Capacity of Cadmium-Stressed Wheat." Biology 11, no. 8 (August 4, 2022): 1173. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11081173.
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Pot trials were performed to explore the impacts of seed priming (SPr) plus leaf treatment (LTr) with trans-zeatin-type cytokinin (tZck; 0.05 mM) and silymarin (Sim; 0.5 mM) on growth, yield, physio-biochemical responses, and antioxidant defense systems in Cd-stressed wheat. tZck + Sim applied as SPr + LTr was more effective than individual treatments, and the impacts were more pronounced under stress conditions. Cd stress (0.6 mM) severely declined growth and yield traits, and photosynthesis efficiency (pigment contents, instantaneous carboxylation efficiency, and photochemical activity) compared to the control. These negative impacts coincided with increased levels of Cd2+, O2•‒ (superoxide), H2O2 (hydrogen peroxide), MDA (malondialdehyde), and EL (electrolyte leakage). Non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidant activities, and tZck and Sim contents were also increased. However, tZck + Sim increased photosynthesis efficiency, and further boosted antioxidant activities, and contents of tZck and Sim, while minimizing Cd2+ levels in roots, leaves, and grains. The levels of O2•‒, H2O2, MDA, and EL were also minimized, reflecting positively on growth and productivity. tZck + Sim applied as SPr + LTr was highly effective in promoting antioxidants and photosynthesis machineries, minimizing oxidative stress biomarkers and Cd2+ levels, boosting tolerance to Cd stress, and improving wheat productivity under Cd stress.
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Lettieri-Barbato, Daniele, Francesco Tomei, Angela Sancini, Giuseppa Morabito, and Mauro Serafini. "Effect of plant foods and beverages on plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in human subjects: a meta-analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 9 (March 14, 2013): 1544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000263.
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Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) represents a sensitive biomarker measuring thein vivoantioxidant potential of vegetable foods. To evaluate the effectiveness of plant-derived foods and beverages on the plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant system, we analysed all literature published upto May 2010. Data were extracted by two authors independently, and the effect size was summarised using standardised mean differences by a random-effects model. For the analysis, eighty-eight studies were included, reporting a total number of 122 interventions and involving 2890 subjects. There was overall evidence of the effectiveness of fruit, vegetables, dietary patterns based on plant foods, red wine and tea in increasing plasma NEAC. No changes were found for chocolate and fruit juices. We observed an overall effect size three times higher in subjects with risk factors when compared with healthy subjects. Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods showed a similar increase in plasma NEAC following dietary supplementation, whereas Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity did not respond to dietary supplementation. Data from the present meta-analysis show that plant-derived foods represent an effective strategy to enhance an endogenous antioxidant network in humans. This is particularly evident in the presence of oxidative stress-related risk factors.
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Serafini, Mauro, and Giuseppa Morabito. "The Role of Polyphenols in the Modulation of Plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC)." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 82, no. 3 (June 1, 2012): 228–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000116.
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Dietary polyphenols have been shown to scavenge free radicals, modulating cellular redox transcription factors in different in vitro and ex vivo models. Dietary intervention studies have shown that consumption of plant foods modulates plasma Non-Enzymatic Antioxidant Capacity (NEAC), a biomarker of the endogenous antioxidant network, in human subjects. However, the identification of the molecules responsible for this effect are yet to be obtained and evidences of an antioxidant in vivo action of polyphenols are conflicting. There is a clear discrepancy between polyphenols (PP) concentration in body fluids and the extent of increase of plasma NEAC. The low degree of absorption and the extensive metabolism of PP within the body have raised questions about their contribution to the endogenous antioxidant network. This work will discuss the role of polyphenols from galenic preparation, food extracts, and selected dietary sources as modulators of plasma NEAC in humans.
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& Nasser, Jasim. "FUNCTIONAL PROPERTIES OF ENZYMETICALLY MODIFIED WHEAT GLUTEN." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 51, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 777–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v51i3.1033.
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This study was aimed to investigate the potentiality of gluten inclusion into functional foods. The effect of controlled enzymatic hydrolysis on the antioxidant properties of Pepsin, Trypsin, and Papain-assisted wheat gluten hydrolysates have been studied. Lyophilized and dried gluten from durum wheat, commercial durum gluten, and whey proteins were enzymatically hydrolyzed. Based on the antioxidant activity of the obtained hydrolysates, papain hydrolyzed gluten was selected for this study. Functional properties (water holding capacity, emulsifying capacity and stability, foam formation and stability, protein solubility, and oil binding capacity) were investigated for the selected samples. Results revealed that the enzymatic modification improved the functional properties of all selected proteins significantly (P<0.05), with the superiority of the lyophilized and dried wheat gluten in some functional properties especially in alkaline pH and pH 4.
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Lone, S. A., J. K. Prasad, S. K. Ghosh, G. K. Das, B. Balamurugan, A. A. Sheikh, R. Katiyar, and M. R. Verma. "Activity of Enzymatic Antioxidants and Total Antioxidant Capacity in Seminal Plasma of Murrah Bulls during Cryopreservation." Journal of Animal Research 6, no. 3 (2016): 405. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2277-940x.2016.00038.3.
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Zhang, Jiaojiao, Shaozhen Wu, Qingqing Wang, Qinjie Yuan, Yane Li, Patricia Reboredo-Rodríguez, Alfonso Varela-López, et al. "Oxidative Stress Amelioration of Novel Peptides Extracted from Enzymatic Hydrolysates of Chinese Pecan Cake." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 12086. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms232012086.
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Pecan (Carya cathayensis) is an important economic crop, and its hydrolyzed peptides have been evidenced to reduce the effect of oxidative stress due to their antioxidant capacity. Hence, the protocols of ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography were established to obtain bioactive peptides from by-products of C. cathayensis (pecan cake). As measured by DPPH/ABTS radical scavenging, the peptides with less molecular weight (MW) possess higher antioxidant capacity. PCPH-III (MW < 3 kDa) presented higher radical scavenging capacity than PCPH-II (3 kDa < MW < 10 kDa) and PCPH-I (MW > 10 kDa) measured by DPPH (IC50: 111.0 μg/ mL) and measured by ABTs (IC50: 402.9 μg/mL). The secondary structure and amino acid composition varied by their MW, in which PCPH-II contained more α-helices (26.71%) and β-sheets (36.96%), PCPH-III contained higher ratios of β-turns (36.87%), while the composition of different secondary of PCPH-I was even 25 ± 5.76%. The variation trend of α-helix and random experienced slightly varied from PCPH-I to PCPH-II, while significantly decreased from PCPH-II to PCPH-III. The increasing antioxidant capacity is followed by the content of proline, and PCPH-III had the highest composition (8.03%). With regard to the six peptides identified by LC-MS/MS, two of them (VYGYADK and VLFSNY) showed stronger antioxidant capacity than others. In silico molecular docking demonstrated their combining abilities with a transcription factor Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) and speculated that they inhibit oxidative stress through activating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway. Meanwhile, increased activity of SOD and CAT—antioxidant markers—were found in H2O2-induced cells. The residue of tyrosine was demonstrated to contribute the most antioxidant capacity of VYGYADK and its position affected less. This study provided a novel peptide screening and by-product utilization process that can be applied in natural product developments.