Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Enzyme de synthèse du monoxyde d'azote'
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Beauté, Louis. "Développement de cellule synthétique comme micro-réacteur pour l'étude de l'activité enzymatique des NO-synthases et la compréhension de leur fonctionnement en conditions physiologiques." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0069/document.
Full textNitric oxide (NO) has been identified as an important chemical messenger in cells and living organisms. Understanding the mechanism involved in NO production by NO-synthase is of fundamental importance. Mimicking basic cell functions by encapsulating NO-synthase in a controlled and confined cell like environment, could help provide information about the enzyme. Polymersomes resulting from the self-assembly of amphiphilic block copolymers were used as the synthetic cell like microreactor. To this end, three major challenges were addressed in this thesis: (1) controlling species release and concentration inside the microreactor, (2) measuring the enzyme response by NO detection and (3) controlling enzymatic reactions in space and time inside a microreactor. Light was used as the exogenous stimulus to induce release; its application is instantaneous, non-invasive and easy to control spatially and temporally. Two different ways to release species via light excitation were explored. The first strategy involves destabilization of nanopolymersomes by block separation, induced by copolymer photocleavage. The second strategy was to induce fast osmotic pressure increase of the polymersomes internal medium, resulting in bursting and species release. In order to monitor NO production by NO-synthase in different parts of the microreactor, hydrophobic and hydrophilic fluorescent NO probes have been synthesized and studied showing excellent correlation with NO concentration. The release of species inside microreactor was finally achieved in order to control enzymatic reaction
Arnal, Jean-François. "Inhibition chronique de la synthèse de monoxyde d'azote chez le rat." Paris 5, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA05CD11.
Full textFoliot, Pascale. "Molécules génératrices de monoxyde d' azote : synthèse, mode de libération, applications pharmacologiques." Paris 5, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA05P217.
Full textNafrialdi. "Système rénine-angiotensine et hypertension induite par inhibition chronique de la synthèse de monoxyde d'azote." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON1T017.
Full textBeuzelin, Isabelle. "Synthèse peptidique prébiotique à partir de N-carbamoylaminoacides." Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20206.
Full textSchneider, Jean-Christophe. "Régulation de la synthèse de NO par les tyrosine kinases, la Ca 2+/calmoduline protéine kinase II et l'échangeur Na+/Ca2+." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05CD08.
Full textInnocenti, Gilles. "Le glutathion chez Medicago truncatula : étude de la régulation de sa synthèse et identification de gènes cibles lors de la symbiose avec Sinorhizobium meliloti." Nice, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NICE4028.
Full textSymbiosis between Medicago truncatula and Sinorhizobium meliloti leads to the formation of root nodules able to reduce atmospheric nitrogen. Glutathione (GSH) and its homologue homoglutathione (hGSH) are two antioxidants involved in many essential plant functions. During this PhD work, regulation of GSH and hGSH biosynthesis genes by nitric oxide (NO) was studied and a transcriptomic analysis was carried out in order to identify (h)GSH target genes during the nodulation process. Two chemical NO donors, are able to increase the amount of γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase and glutathione synthetase transcripts, but not homoglutathione synthetase transcripts, suggesting the two thiols could have different roles. GSH accumulation correlated with gene expression, showing NO induces GSH synthesis in Medicago truncatula roots. NO, which has been detected in nitrogen fixative nodules, could therefore be involved in antioxidant defence during symbiosis by the activation of GSH synthesis. Transcriptomic analysis by cDNA-AFLP allowed us to identify 181 genes regulated by (h)GSH depletion during the nodulation process ; amongst them, genes related to meristem development, signal transduction and plant defence. Expression profile analysis of genes induced by salicylic acid suggest defence mechanisms linked to this hormone are impaired in (h)GSH-depleted plants. The results obtained during this work bring us new elements on (h)GSH implication in plant defence regulation and open the way to new studies on the various roles of this molecule in nodulation mechanisms, and more generally in plant-microorganism interactions
Laumonnier, Yves. "Etude de la régulation transcriptionnelle du gène de la synthase endothéliale du monoxyde d'azote." Paris 11, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA11T004.
Full textJacobs, Frédérique. "Modulations de la synthèse de cytokines et de monoxyde d'azote au cours de l'infection expérimentale à "Trypanosoma cruzi"." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211704.
Full textSchneider, Jean-Christophe. "Evaluation de la synthèse et de l'activité du monoxyde d'azote en hypoxie d'altitude : effet d'une supplémentation en L-Arginine sur le tonus vasculaire pulmonaire." Montpellier 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997MON11168.
Full textTherrien, Frédérick. "Effet de l'inhibition chronique de la synthèse du monoxyde d'azote sur la pression artérielle et l'apparition des dommages cardiovasculaires et rénaux chez le rat Harlan Sprague-Dawley." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/23136/23136.pdf.
Full textImpaired nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased angiotensin II sensitivity has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension associated with chronic renal failure. The present study was designed to investigate the cardiovascular and renal damages induced by chronic NO synthesis inhibition in Harlan Sprague-Dawley rats (Hsd : SD) and the role of AngII. NO synthesis inhibition is induced by treatment with the L-arginine analogue, L-NAME (100 mg/kg/day), administered in the drinking water for 3 weeks. The role of AngII is evaluated with the AT1 receptor antagonist losartan (20 mg/kg/day). At the end of the study, L-NAME treated rats exhibited increased systolic blood pressure (SBP) compared to control animals. They also showed increased serum creatinine and proteinuria indicating a decline in the renal function. These changes were associated with the development of glomerular ischemia, tubular atrophy and neointimal hypertrophy. L-NAME treated rats also exhibited increased expression of ET-1 and TGF-β1 in the vessels and the kidney. They also presented increased formation of superoxide anion, a reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the thoracic aorta. Treatment with losartan attenuated the increased in SBP, serum creatinine and proteinuria and prevented the glomerular, tubular and vascular damages observed in the kidney. Losartan also normalized vascular and renal expression of ET-1 and TGF-β1 and overproduction of ROS in the thoracic aorta. To determine the specific role of ET-1, TGF-β1 and ROS in L-NAME treated rats, we administered respectively an ETA receptor antagonist (LU135252), a monoclonal antibody neutralizing TGF-β (1D11) and an antioxidant (α-lipoic acid). The effect of these treatments on SBP, serum creatinine, proteinuria and cardiovascular and renal damages was evaluated after 3 weeks. Despite increased level of vascular and renal expression of ET-1, TGF-β and ROS in L-NAME treated rats, treatment with LU135252, the monoclonal antibody 1D11 and the antioxidant α-lipoic acid taken each alone had no effect on the elevation of SBP, serum creatinine, proteinuria and cardiovascular and renal damages. In a second study, we evaluated the effect of different degrees of NO synthesis inhibition on hypertension and cardiovascular and renal damages in Hsd : SD rats and the implication of AngII. Chronic NO synthesis inhibition is induced by treatment with L-NAME at different doses (100, 30, 5 mg/kg/day). The role of AngII is evaluated with losartan (20 mg/kg/day). The effect of these treatments on urinary nitrates/nitrites, SBP, serum creatinine, proteinuria and vascular and renal damages are evaluated after 3, 4 and 12 weeks. The different L-NAME doses decreased urinary nitrates/nitrites by 95%, 91% and 80% as compared to control animals. L-NAME at a dose of 100 and 30 mg/kg/day increased SBP (p<0.01), serum creatinine and proteinuria within 3-4 weeks. These animals showed renal ischemic lesions associated with myointimal proliferation and lumen obstruction. At a dose of 5 mg/kg/day of L-NAME, SBP increased moderately (p<0.01) and cardiovascular and renal damages appeared later (week 12). Treatment with losartan attenuated the increased in SBP, serum creatinine, proteinuria and cardiovascular and renal damages at all doses of L-NAME utilized. In conclusion, these studies demonstrate the importance of basal NO release in the maintain of endothelial function. In fact, chronic NO synthesis inhibition in Hsd : SD rats cause severe hypertension and cardiovascular and renal damages which depend on the degree of inhibition. These pathological effects are caused, in part, by the action of AngII which can modulate the production of ET-1, TGF-β and ROS. However, the individual blockade of these factors do not attenuate the elevation of SBP, serum creatinine, proteinuria and the apparition of cardiovascular and renal damages caused by chronic NOS inhibition at a high dose (100 mg/kg/day). Finally, these results demonstrate a close relationship between NO and AngII in the pathogenesis of hypertension and cardiovascular and renal damages.
Vareille, Marjolaine. "La réponse immunitaire mucosale intestinale lors de l'infection par les Escherichia coli entérohémorragiques : rôle et régulation de la synthèse de monoxyde d'azote." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM18.
Full textRasmusen-Reggiani, Carole. "Etudes des effets combinés de la L-arginine ou la L-citrulline et des inhibiteurs de la synthèse du cholestérol dans le développement de l'athérosclérose : études in vivo et in vitro." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P606.
Full textVillanueva, Adrian. "Réduction catalytique du NO par le propylène sur les pérovskites LaCr₁₋xCuxO₃ et LaGa₁₋xCuxO₃." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19468.
Full textEtienne, Nelly. "Etude des fonctions cardiovasculaires du récepteur de la sérotonine 5-HT2B et de ses interactions avec les hormones ovariennes et la synthèse de monoxyde d'azote (NO)." Strasbourg 1, 2004. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2004/ETIENNE_Nelly_2004.pdf.
Full text5-HT2B receptor knockout (KO) mice display congenital cardiac defects leading to dilated cardiomyopathy in adult KO males. Because 5-HT2B-KO females exhibit a less severe cardiac phenotype than KO males, we investigated the potential cardioprotective role of ovarian hormones in 5-HT2B-KO females. Bilateral ovariectomy, at puberty, induced an accelerated developmental cardiac hypertrophy but independently of the 5-HT2B receptor. Consequently, ovarian hormones are not the cause of gender difference in KO mice. Taking advantage of apparent normal cardiac function in KO females, we investigated the vascular function of the 5-HT2B receptor in vivo. Using, the chronic NOS (Nitric Oxide Synthase) inhibition induced-hypertension model, we describe for the first time, two independent phases of hypertension in wild type mice. Surprisingly, KO females display only one phase, indicating that the 5-HT2B receptor is necessary for one of the two phases of NOS-inhibition-induced hypertension. Moreover, KO females exhibit an hypersensitivity to NOS inhibition in the first phase of hypertension compare to wild type females but, paradoxically, they are protected from the second phase of hypertension. This protection confirms the major role of the 5-HT2B receptor in etiology of hypertension. Finally, we have shown that hypersensitivity to short term NOS inhibition is specifically associated to a decrease of vascular compliance and to a 30% reduction of basal endothelial NOS activity in aorta of KO females compare to wild type. We conclude that the 5-HT2B receptor is involved in blood pressure regulation by controlling basal vascular tonus, trough NOS activation, and independently participates to the development of long-term hypertension
Sergent, Nicolas. "Dioxyde d'étain : Synthèse, Caractérisation et Etude des Interactions avec Différents Gaz Polluants - Application à la Catalyse DeNOx." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002302.
Full textDUCASTEL, BEATRICE. "Etude de l'interaction du monoxyde d'azote et de proteines a fer non-heminique : ferritine et transferrines, proteines du metabolisme du fer, et ribonucleotide reductase, enzyme-clef de la biosynthese de l'adn." Paris 11, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA112443.
Full textLefrançois, Pauline. "Développement d’un microréacteur biomimétique pour l'analyse in situ d'activités enzymatiques par couplage de l’électrochimie et de la microscopie de fluorescence." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0759/document.
Full textEnzymatic reactions are involved in many physiological phenomena in living organisms. These reactions are based on protons and electrons transfers and can lead to the production of by-products. Among them, reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS and RNS) are of great interest as they play a double role: on the one hand by allowing the organism to react to a stress by the activation of signaling redox pathways, and on the other hand, ROS and RNS can cause oxidative damages to tissues ensuing dysfunctions in the organism. The high reactivity of such species induce their short lifetimes (ns-min) and leads to uncertainties when it comes to the study of some enzymatic reactions in bulk. This PhD project aims to develop a biomimetic microreactor for the study of enzymatic ac-tivities producing ROS/RNS. Indeed, by confining a reaction within a cell-sized compartment (20-100 μm diameter), the generated species (H2O2, NO•, NO2-) could be analyzed in situ with a quantita-tive and kinetic resolution. Giant unilamellar vesicles are formed in physiological conditions and are used as microreactors for the monitoring of enzymatic activities of glucose oxidase and NO-synthases. Fluorescence microscopy allows individual vesicle observation and the monitoring of reactions trig-gered by microinjection. Then, released species are detected in real-time by electrochemistry in order to decipher the diverse enzymatic pathways of NO-Synthases
Nguyen, Nhi Ha. "Synthèse de nano-déclencheurs photo-activables pour le contrôle spatio-temporel de la formation de NO." Thesis, Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015DENS0020.
Full textNitric oxide (NO), whose biological role has been discovered in the late 20th century, is involved in the regulation of many processes in cell and organism. Its biosynthesis is carried out by enzymes named nitric oxide synthases (NOS) and involves NADPH binding to their reductase domain followed by a series of electron transfers to their oxygenase domain, where the formation of NO takes place by oxidation of L-arginine. Inspired by photoactivatable NADPH mimics called nano-triggers (NT), previously described in the literature, able to produce NO upon illumination, we designed and synthesized new generations of compounds potentially capable of initiating the catalytic activity of NOS under irradiation. They contain a recognition unit for NOS derived from adenosine and a diaminophenyl butadiene chromophoric moiety, linked together by a triazole group. These modular structures, easily assembled by "click" chemistry allowed the preparation of a library of nano-triggers, whose photophysical properties and stability under physiological conditions were evaluated. These new generations of compounds offer interesting perspectives for the control of biological processes by light
Arbin, Valérie. "Effets de l' inhibition mixte de l' enzyme de conversion de l' angiotensine I et de l' endopeptidase neutre 24-11 sur la résistance à l' insuline et le dysfonctionnement endothélial dans le diabète expérimental : rôle de la voie bradykinine - monoxyde d' azote." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05P604.
Full textAngiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors may improve endothelial dysfunction in insulin-dependant diabetes mellitus [. . . ]
Mauchauffee, Elodie. "Conception et synthèse d'inhibiteurs de la NO Synthase inductible à visée thérapeutique." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON13523.
Full textSince its discovery, Since its discovery, the nitric oxide did not stop interesting the scientific community. Its biosynthesis is catalyzed by NO synthases, a family of three isoenzymes. Neuronal NOS and endothelial NOS are constitutive and produce NO involved in neurotransmission and vasodilation process respectively. Inducible NOS produces NO involved in the innate immune response. An overproduction of nitric oxide is involved in many diseases such as neurodegenerative diseases or chronic diseases with inflammatory components. Thus, its inhibition should be of high therapeutical interest. However, it is necessary to develop highly selective inhibitors to preserve the vital functions of eNOS.We chose to synthesize compounds constituted of one substrate analogue as thiocitrulline or S-alkyl-isothiocitrulline which linked by a peptide bond or heterocycles to a residue able to bind into the substrate access channel, a less conserved region into the active site were specific interactions could be established. The synthesis of these compounds was performed on solid support according to an anchoring method through the side chain developed at the laboratory or, for some compounds, according to a conventional anchoring method through the alpha amine. These approaches are particulary interesting for a combinatory chemistry approach. All compounds were tested on the three recombinant isoforms.A second work is outlined in this manuscript. It consist of synthesizing cyclopeptides based on RGD motif involved in the binding to integrins and enkephalins analogues. The cyclisation method was developed in the lab and involves the formation of a guanidine bridge diversely substituted. NMR studies and biological evaluations on opioid receptor suggests that the diverse bridge substitutions could modulate the conformation and activity of the peptides
Luo, Ming. "Synthèse et caractérisation de nanoparticules d'or greffées par le glutathion réduit en vue de l'obtention de réservoirs d'oxyde nitrique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0179.
Full textNitric oxide (NO) is a gaseous messenger playing numerous physiological roles, especially in the cardiovascular system. However, its bioavailability is limited due to a short half-life. The combination to thiols increases its stability and facilitates its storage and transport. Thus NO donor drugs represent a promising therapeutic approach in such diseases. The present study aimed at developing NO reservoirs. Firstly, serum albumin (SA) was S-nitrosated through three chemical pathways to prepare SA-SNO. Then, potential NO reservoirs with high loading capacity were developed by anchoring reduced glutathione (GSH) to dihydrolipoic acid capped gold nanoparticles, AuNP@DHLA. The obtained AuNP@DHLA-(GSH)n showed stronger antioxidant power and they will be able not to disturb the cell homeostasis. Its further poly-S-nitrosation will benefit from the S-nitrosation of SA as both macromolecular possess free thiols. In parallel, citrate ions stabilized AuNP were entrapped in multilayer polyelectrolyte films using layer-by-layer (LbL) assemblies, providing proof-of-concept of multilayer films as a useful tool to protect AuNP from degradation and increase the cyto/hemocompatibility toward biological elements. The present work opens the window to S-nitrosate AuNP@DHLA-(GSH)n either as a colloidal solution or immobilized in the multilayer system, which is expected to be applied into developing of NO eluting stent for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases
Geha, Antoinette. "Présence nucléaire et rôle de la monoxyde d'azote synthase endothéliale dans la régulation de la transcription génique." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/15495.
Full textEl-Helou, Viviane. "L'effet pathologique du monoxyde d'azote est diminué dans les myocytes cardiaques hypertrophiés." Thèse, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14937.
Full textOthman, Rahmeh. "Rôle et mécanisme d’action du récepteur B1 des kinines dans la rétinopathie diabétique et la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24598.
Full textThe kallikrein-kinins system is a peptidergic system involved in inflammatory processes, the control of the vascular tone and permeability. These effects are mediated by two G proteincoupled receptors, the Bradykinin type 1 (B1R) and type 2 (B2R) receptors. While the B2R is a constitutive receptor, B1R is almost undetectable in physiological condition; it is, however, induced by oxidative stress, pro-inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) or by bacterial endotoxins at both systemic and local levels, notably in the retina. Recent studies from our laboratory supported an implication of B1R in the pathogenesis and progression of diabetic retinopathy and age-related macular degeneration (AMD). This thesis aims at unraveling: 1) the mechanism by which B1R is involved in diabetic retinopathy in rats; 2) the involvement of iNOS in the inflammatory cascade downstream to the B1R; and, 3) the expression and cellular localization of B1R in human retinae with exudative and atrophic AMD. Our results have shown the implication of B1R in diabetic retinopathy via the activation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in a type 1 model of diabetes induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in rats. In addition to its generalized localization throughout the retina, B1R is expressed in the retinal pigment epithelium which forms the outer blood-retinal barrier. The protein and transcript expression of inflammatory markers; iNOS, carboxypeptidase M, IL-1β, TNF-α, vascular endothelium growth factor A (VEGF-A) and its receptor, VEGF-R2, including B1R as well as nitrosylated proteins are increased in the retina of diabetic rats at 2 weeks post-STZ. These upregulations, as well as the retinal vascular hyperpermeability induced by diabetes and by the intravitreal injection of an B1R agonist (R-838) are blocked by a topical one-week treatment by eye-drop with the selective iNOS inhibitor (1400W) (first manuscript). The results of the second manuscript show significant increases in the immunoreactivity of B1R in exudative AMD retinae. Despite a slight increase, B1R immunostaining does not reach statistical significance in the retina of donors with atrophic AMD. The reactivity of glial cells is more impressive in the exudative than in the atrophic form of AMD. B1R is co-expressed with markers of Müller cells, astrocytes, microglia, iNOS and fibrosis, suggesting an involvement of B1R in the inflammatory events and the formation of fibrosis in exudative AMD. On the other hand, the expression of B2R remains stable in the retinae of exudative and atrophic AMD, supporting a secondary role of this receptor in AMD in humans.