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Journal articles on the topic 'Enzymes; Lipids'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Sarwal, Rashmi, S. N. Sanyal, and S. Khera. "Lipid metabolism inTrichuris globulosa(Nematoda)." Journal of Helminthology 63, no. 4 (1989): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00009160.

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ABSTRACTAdult males and females ofTrichuris globulosa, an intestinal nematode parasite of goats, were studied for their lipid composition, capability of incorporation of (Na)-1-14C-acetate into different lipid classes and the activity of certain key enzymes of lipid metabolism. The parasite possesses a large variety of lipids including certain complex lipids. These are phosphatidylcholine (PC), diphosphatidylglycerol (cardiolipin), lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC), lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LPE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), plasmalogens (choline+ethanolamine), mono-, d

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2

Miled-Daoud, Douja Ben, and Abdelkader Cherif. "Effet du NaCl sur l'utilisation des lipides et les activités enzymatiques glyoxysomales au cours de la germination de deux espèces de Medicago." Canadian Journal of Botany 70, no. 4 (1992): 876–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b92-112.

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The effect of increased NaCl concentrations on seed germination of two Medicago species (M. orbicularis and M. murex) was studied during the first 10 days of development. The effect of NaCl on utilization of storage lipids and on glyoxysomal marker enzymes in cotyledons was also examined. Total lipids, total fatty acids, and triacylglycerols decreased significantly with seedling growth in control cotyledons. Storage lipids disappeared as glyoxysomal enzyme activity appeared. The effect of NaCl on utilization of storage lipids and on glyoxysomal enzyme activity is compared for the two species.

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3

Wagner, A., and G. Daum. "Formation and mobilization of neutral lipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 5 (2005): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0331174.

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Since energy storage is a basic metabolic process, the synthesis of neutral lipids occurs in all kingdoms of life. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely accepted as a model eukaryotic cell, contains two classes of neutral lipids, namely STEs (steryl esters) and TAGs (triacylglycerols). TAGs are synthesized through two pathways governed by the acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dga1p and the phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p. STEs are formed by two STE synthases Are1p and Are2p, two enzymes with overlapping function, which also catalyse TAG formation, although to a min

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4

Yokoi, Takeru, Keisuke Isobe, Tohru Yoshimura, and Hisashi Hemmi. "Archaeal Phospholipid Biosynthetic Pathway Reconstructed inEscherichia coli." Archaea 2012 (2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/438931.

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A part of the biosynthetic pathway of archaeal membrane lipids, comprised of 4 archaeal enzymes, was reconstructed in the cells ofEscherichia coli. The genes of the enzymes were cloned from a mesophilic methanogen,Methanosarcina acetivorans, and the activity of each enzyme was confirmed using recombinant proteins.In vitroradioassay showed that the 4 enzymes are sufficient to synthesize an intermediate of archaeal membrane lipid biosynthesis, that is, 2,3-di-O-geranylgeranyl-sn-glycerol-1-phosphate, from precursors that can be produced endogenously inE. coli. Introduction of the 4 genes intoE.

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5

Karataeva, N. A., and G. A. Nevinsky. "Enzymes phosphorylating lipids and polysaccharides." Biochemistry (Moscow) 72, no. 4 (2007): 367–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0006297907040037.

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6

Jensen, Erik L., Karen Yangüez, Frédéric Carrière, and Brigitte Gontero. "Storage Compound Accumulation in Diatoms as Response to Elevated CO2 Concentration." Biology 9, no. 1 (2019): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9010005.

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Accumulation of reserve compounds (i.e., lipids and chrysolaminarin) in diatoms depends on the environmental conditions, and is often triggered by stress conditions, such as nutrient limitation. Manipulation of CO2 supply can also be used to improve both lipids and carbohydrates accumulation. Given the high diversity among diatoms, we studied the two marine model diatoms—Thalassiosira pseudonana and Phaeodactylum tricornutum, a freshwater diatom, Asterionella formosa, and Navicula pelliculosa—found in fresh- and sea-water environments. We measured the accumulation of reserve compounds and the

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7

Sun, Jihan, Zhaodan Wang, Lin Chen, and Guiju Sun. "Hypolipidemic Effects and Preliminary Mechanism of Chrysanthemum Flavonoids, Its Main Components Luteolin and Luteoloside in Hyperlipidemia Rats." Antioxidants 10, no. 8 (2021): 1309. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10081309.

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This study aimed to investigate the key constituents and preliminary mechanism for the hypolipidemic activity of chrysanthemum flavonoids. Hyperlipidemia (HPL) rats were divided into five groups: the model control group (MC); Chrysanthemum flavone intervention group (CF); luteolin intervention group; luteoloside intervention group and simvastatin intervention group. The body weight, organ coefficient, serum lipids, antioxidant activity, and lipid metabolism enzymes were detected. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was used to observe the liver and adipose tissue. Chrysanthemum flavonoids

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8

Müllner, Heidemarie, and Günther Daum. "Dynamics of neutral lipid storage in yeast." Acta Biochimica Polonica 51, no. 2 (2004): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2004_3574.

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Since energy storage is a basic metabolic process, the synthesis of neutral lipids occurs in all kingdoms of life. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely accepted as a model eukaryotic cell, contains two classes of neutral lipids, namely steryl esters and triacylglycerols. Triacylglycerols are synthesized through two pathways governed by the acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dga1p and the phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p, respectively. Steryl esters are formed by the two steryl ester synthases Are1p and Are2p, two enzymes with overlapping function which also catalyz

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9

Zhao, Yuanqin, Yanchun Ma, Qiang Li, Yang Yang, Jianrong Guo, and Jie Song. "Utilisation of stored lipids during germination in dimorphic seeds of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa." Functional Plant Biology 45, no. 10 (2018): 1009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp17309.

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Utilisation of stored lipids plays an important role in germination of oil seeds. In the present study, key enzyme activity (lipase, isocitrate lyase and malate synthase) in lipid utilisation was determined during germination in dimorphic seeds of euhalophyte Suaeda salsa (L.) Pall. The results revealed that the percentage of germination were highest in intertidal brown seeds, followed by inland brown seeds and then inland black seeds moistened with 0 and 300 mM NaCl during early seed germination. The same trend was found in the activity of three enzymes and soluble sugar content when seeds we

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10

Bondar, Ana-Nicoleta. "Phosphatidylglyerol Lipid Binding at the Active Site of an Intramembrane Protease." Journal of Membrane Biology 253, no. 6 (2020): 563–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00232-020-00152-z.

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AbstractTransmembrane substrate cleavage by the small Escherichia coli rhomboid protease GlpG informs on mechanisms by which lipid interactions shape reaction coordinates of membrane-embedded enzymes. Here, I review and discuss new work on the molecular picture of protein–lipid interactions that might govern the formation of the substrate–enzyme complex in fluid lipid membranes. Negatively charged PG-type lipids are of particular interest, because they are a major component of bacterial membranes. Atomistic computer simulations indicate POPG and DOPG lipids bridge remote parts of GlpG and migh

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11

Shah, Jyoti. "Lipids, Lipases, and Lipid-Modifying Enzymes in Plant Disease Resistance." Annual Review of Phytopathology 43, no. 1 (2005): 229–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.040204.135951.

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12

Marzoog, Basheer Abdullah, and Tatyana Ivanovna Vlasova. "Membrane lipids under norm and pathology." European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine 19, no. 1 (2021): 59–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2021.1.9.

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Introduction. Lipid is an essential component of the cell and its organelles membrane. The uniqueness and selectivity of lipids to specific functions and asymmetry of lipid distribution in the organelle’s membrane give the cell ability of being highly qualified and specified. Aim. The paper provides a comprehensive review of membrane lipids in different tissues and organelles of the cell in norm and disease. Material and methods. The paper analyzed the present literature data on membrane lipids behavior in physiology and pathology. Analysis of the literature. The major structural and functiona

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Singh, U. P., A. Krishna, T. D. Smith, and K. P. Bhatnagar. "Histochemical localization of enzymes and lipids in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi, during the reproductive cycle." Brazilian Journal of Biology 65, no. 1 (2005): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842005000100021.

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The present study describes seasonal changes in delta5 3beta hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3beta-HSD), glusose-6 phosphates dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), and lipids in the ovary of a vespertilionid bat, Scotophilus heathi. Total lipids and 3beta-HSD activity are restricted to thecal and interstitial cells of the ovary. The total lipids, 3beta-HSD, and G-6-PD significantly increase during recrudescence, and remain high during winter dormancy and breeding as compared to the other reproductive phases. High incidence of lipids and enzyme activity in interstitial cells during the breeding period and at t

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Blanco-Llamero, Cristina, Paz García-García, and Francisco Javier Señoráns. "Combination of Synergic Enzymes and Ultrasounds as an Effective Pretreatment Process to Break Microalgal Cell Wall and Enhance Algal Oil Extraction." Foods 10, no. 8 (2021): 1928. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10081928.

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Microalgal biomass is a sustainable source of bioactive lipids with omega-3 fatty acids. The efficient extraction of neutral and polar lipids from microalgae requires alternative extraction methods, frequently combined with biomass pretreatment. In this work, a combined ultrasound and enzymatic process using commercial enzymes Viscozyme, Celluclast, and Alcalase was optimized as a pretreatment method for Nannochloropsis gaditana, where the Folch method was used for lipid extraction. Significant differences were observed among the used enzymatic pretreatments, combined with ultrasound bath or p

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15

DOMIN, Jan, Françoise PAGES, Stefano VOLINIA, et al. "Cloning of a human phosphoinositide 3-kinase with a C2 domain that displays reduced sensitivity to the inhibitor wortmannin." Biochemical Journal 326, no. 1 (1997): 139–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3260139.

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The generation of phosphatidylinositide 3-phosphates has been observed in a variety of cellular responses. The enzymes that mediate synthesis are the phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3-Ks) that form a family of structurally diverse enzymes with distinct substrate specificities. In this paper, we describe the cloning of a novel human PI3-K, namely PI3-K-C2α, which contains a C-terminal C2 domain. This enzyme can be assigned to the class II PI3-Ks, which was defined by characterization of the Drosophila 68D enzyme and includes the recently described murine enzymes m-cpk and p170. Despite the overal

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16

Bollag, Wendy B. "Role of phospholipases in adrenal steroidogenesis." Journal of Endocrinology 229, no. 1 (2016): R29—R41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-16-0007.

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Phospholipases are lipid-metabolizing enzymes that hydrolyze phospholipids. In some cases, their activity results in remodeling of lipids and/or allows the synthesis of other lipids. In other cases, however, and of interest to the topic of adrenal steroidogenesis, phospholipases produce second messengers that modify the function of a cell. In this review, the enzymatic reactions, products, and effectors of three phospholipases, phospholipase C, phospholipase D, and phospholipase A2, are discussed. Although much data have been obtained concerning the role of phospholipases C and D in regulating

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17

Noack, Lise C., and Yvon Jaillais. "Functions of Anionic Lipids in Plants." Annual Review of Plant Biology 71, no. 1 (2020): 71–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-arplant-081519-035910.

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Anionic phospholipids, which include phosphatidic acid, phosphatidylserine, and phosphoinositides, represent a small percentage of membrane lipids. They are able to modulate the physical properties of membranes, such as their surface charges, curvature, or clustering of proteins. Moreover, by mediating interactions with numerous membrane-associated proteins, they are key components in the establishment of organelle identity and dynamics. Finally, anionic lipids also act as signaling molecules, as they are rapidly produced or interconverted by a set of dedicated enzymes. As such, anionic lipids

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18

Laraki, Loubaba, Xavier Pelletier, Jacques Mourot, and Gérard Debry. "Effects of Dietary Phytosterols on Liver Lipids and Lipid Metabolism Enzymes." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 37, no. 3 (1993): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000177760.

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19

Gaud, Caroline, Bebiana C. Sousa, An Nguyen, et al. "BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS." F1000Research 10 (January 6, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28022.1.

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Lipidomics increasingly describes the quantitation using mass spectrometry of all lipids present in a biological sample. As the power of lipidomics protocols increase, thousands of lipid molecular species from multiple categories can now be profiled in a single experiment. Observed changes due to biological differences often encompass large numbers of structurally-related lipids, with these being regulated by enzymes from well-known metabolic pathways. As lipidomics datasets increase in complexity, the interpretation of their results becomes more challenging. BioPAN addresses this by enabling

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Gaud, Caroline, Bebiana C. Sousa, An Nguyen, et al. "BioPAN: a web-based tool to explore mammalian lipidome metabolic pathways on LIPID MAPS." F1000Research 10 (June 9, 2021): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.28022.2.

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Lipidomics increasingly describes the quantification using mass spectrometry of all lipids present in a biological sample. As the power of lipidomics protocols increase, thousands of lipid molecular species from multiple categories can now be profiled in a single experiment. Observed changes due to biological differences often encompass large numbers of structurally-related lipids, with these being regulated by enzymes from well-known metabolic pathways. As lipidomics datasets increase in complexity, the interpretation of their results becomes more challenging. BioPAN addresses this by enablin

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Boral, Debjyoti, Vamkudoth Koteswara Rao, and Sureshkumar Ramasamy. "Archeal Di-O-geranylgeranyl Glyceryl Phosphate Synthase of a UbiA Superfamily Member Provides Insight into the Multiple Human Diseases." Protein & Peptide Letters 27, no. 7 (2020): 568–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866526666191209143948.

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One of the unique characteristic features of the domain archaea, are the lipids that form the hydrophobic core of their cell membrane. These membrane lipids are characterized by distinctive isoprenoid biochemistry and the building blocks are two core lipid structures, sn-2,3- diphytanyl glycerol diether (archaeol) and sn-2,3-dibiphytanyl diglycerol tetraether (caldarchaeol). Archaeol has two phytanyl chains (C20) in a bilayer structure connected to the glycerol moiety by an ether bond. The enzyme involved in this bilayer formation is Di-O-Geranylgeranyl Glyceryl Phosphate Synthase (DGGGPS), wh

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Bertevello, Priscila, Ana-Paula Teixeira-Gomes, Alexandre Seyer, et al. "Lipid Identification and Transcriptional Analysis of Controlling Enzymes in Bovine Ovarian Follicle." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 10 (2018): 3261. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19103261.

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Ovarian follicle provides a favorable environment for enclosed oocytes, which acquire their competence in supporting embryo development in tight communications with somatic follicular cells and follicular fluid (FF). Although steroidogenesis in theca (TH) and granulosa cells (GC) is largely studied, and the molecular mechanisms of fatty acid (FA) metabolism in cumulus cells (CC) and oocytes are emerging, little data is available regarding lipid metabolism regulation within ovarian follicles. In this study, we investigated lipid composition and the transcriptional regulation of FA metabolism in

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Ouali, F., F. Djouadi, C. Merlet-Bénichou та J. Bastin. "Dietary lipids regulate β-oxidation enzyme gene expression in the developing rat kidney". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 275, № 5 (1998): F777—F784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1998.275.5.f777.

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This study examines the ability of dietary lipids to regulate gene expression of mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation enzymes in the kidney cortex and medulla of 3-wk-old rats and evaluates the role of glucagon or of the α-isoform of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα) in mediating β-oxidation enzyme gene regulation in the immature kidney. The long-chain (LCAD) and medium-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenases (MCAD) and acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO) mRNA levels were found coordinately upregulated in renal cortex, but not in medulla, of pups weaned on a high-fat diet from day 16

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YAMANE, Tsuneo. "Studies on Enzymatic Conversion of Lipids and on Enzymes Catalysing Lipids Conversions." Journal of Japan Oil Chemists' Society 44, no. 9 (1995): 623–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5650/jos1956.44.623.

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Sapir, Amir. "Not So Slim Anymore—Evidence for the Role of SUMO in the Regulation of Lipid Metabolism." Biomolecules 10, no. 8 (2020): 1154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10081154.

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One of the basic building blocks of all life forms are lipids—biomolecules that dissolve in nonpolar organic solvents but not in water. Lipids have numerous structural, metabolic, and regulative functions in health and disease; thus, complex networks of enzymes coordinate the different compositions and functions of lipids with the physiology of the organism. One type of control on the activity of those enzymes is the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier (SUMO) that in recent years has been identified as a critical regulator of many biological processes. In this review, I summarize

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Rol, N. V., S. I. Tsekhmistrenko, A. G. Vovkogon, et al. "PEROXIDATION PROCESSES IN THE RABBIT ORGANISM DURING POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS." Tehnologìâ virobnictva ì pererobki produktìv tvarinnictva, no. 1(156) (May 25, 2020): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33245/2310-9270-2020-157-1-63-68.

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One of the pressing problems of modern biochemistry is the problem of adaptation of animal organism to the environment and the formation of an adaptive reaction to the negative impact of production stress factors. Among such adaptive mechanisms for rabbits in the conditions of intensive rabbit meat management is the development of oxidative stress, which causes the accumulation of reactive oxygen species in the body and the development of reactive oxygen pathology. An important role in the mechanism of adaptation of the body belongs to lipids, because they are a structural component of cell me

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VISHWANATH, Bannikuppe S., Waldemar EICHENBERGER, Felix J. FREY, and Brigitte M. FREY. "Interaction of plant lipids with 14 kDa phospholipase A2 enzymes." Biochemical Journal 320, no. 1 (1996): 93–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3200093.

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Several structurally related plant lipids were isolated and their effect was assessed on the enzyme activity of group I (pancreatic and Naja mocambique venom) and group II (Crotalus atrox venom) phospholipase A2 (PLA2) enzymes, with labelled Escherichia coli as an enzyme substrate. The neutral monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and negatively charged diacylglyceryl α-D-glucuronide (DGGA) did not influence the enzyme activity of either group. Digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), another uncharged glycolipid, inhibited PLA2 activity in a dose-dependent manner to 60–70% of the control. Sulphoquino

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Dutta, Anika, and Neelam Sharma-Walia. "Curbing Lipids: Impacts ON Cancer and Viral Infection." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 3 (2019): 644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20030644.

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Lipids play a fundamental role in maintaining normal function in healthy cells. Their functions include signaling, storing energy, and acting as the central structural component of cell membranes. Alteration of lipid metabolism is a prominent feature of cancer, as cancer cells must modify their metabolism to fulfill the demands of their accelerated proliferation rate. This aberrant lipid metabolism can affect cellular processes such as cell growth, survival, and migration. Besides the gene mutations, environmental factors, and inheritance, several infectious pathogens are also linked with huma

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Lu, Li, Kun Hao, Yu Hong, et al. "Magnesium Isoglycyrrhizinate Reduces Hepatic Lipotoxicity through Regulating Metabolic Abnormalities." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 11 (2021): 5884. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22115884.

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The excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes induces a type of cytotoxicity called hepatic lipotoxicity, which is a fundamental contributor to liver metabolic diseases (such as NAFLD). Magnesium isoglycyrrhizinate (MGIG), a magnesium salt of the stereoisomer of natural glycyrrhizic acid, is widely used as a safe and effective liver protectant. However, the mechanism by which MGIG protects against NAFLD remains unknown. Based on the significant correlation between NAFLD and the reprogramming of liver metabolism, we aimed to explore the beneficial effects of MGIG from a metabolic viewpoin

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Melo, J. F. B., L. M. Lundstedt, L. A. K. Inoue, I. Metón, I. V. Baanante, and G. Moraes. "Glycolysis and gluconeogenesis in the liver of catfish fed with different concentrations of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates." Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 68, no. 5 (2016): 1251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8337.

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ABSTRACT The activities of enzymes from a number of metabolic pathways have been used as a tool to evaluate the best use of nutrients on fish performance. In the present study the catfish Rhamdia quelen was fed with diets containing crude protein-lipid-carbohydrate (%) as follows: treatment (T) T1: 19-19-44; T2: 26-15-39; T3: 33-12-33; and T4: 40-10-24. The fish were held in tanks of re-circulated, filtered water with controlled temperature and aeration in 2000L experimental units. The feeding experiment lasted 30 days. The following enzymes of the carbohydrate metabolism were determined: Gluc

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Löfke, Christian, Till Ischebeck, Sabine König, Sabine Freitag, and Ingo Heilmann. "Alternative metabolic fates of phosphatidylinositol produced by phosphatidylinositol synthase isoforms in Arabidopsis thaliana." Biochemical Journal 413, no. 1 (2008): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20071371.

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PtdIns is an important precursor for inositol-containing lipids, including polyphosphoinositides, which have multiple essential functions in eukaryotic cells. It was previously proposed that different regulatory functions of inositol-containing lipids may be performed by independent lipid pools; however, it remains unclear how such subcellular pools are established and maintained. In the present paper, a previously uncharacterized Arabidopsis gene product with similarity to the known Arabidopsis PIS (PtdIns synthase), PIS1, is shown to be an active enzyme, PIS2, capable of producing PtdIns in

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Park, Young-Kyoung, and Jean-Marc Nicaud. "Metabolic Engineering for Unusual Lipid Production in Yarrowia lipolytica." Microorganisms 8, no. 12 (2020): 1937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8121937.

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Using microorganisms as lipid-production factories holds promise as an alternative method for generating petroleum-based chemicals. The non-conventional yeast Yarrowia lipolytica is an excellent microbial chassis; for example, it can accumulate high levels of lipids and use a broad range of substrates. Furthermore, it is a species for which an array of efficient genetic engineering tools is available. To date, extensive work has been done to metabolically engineer Y. lipolytica to produce usual and unusual lipids. Unusual lipids are scarce in nature but have several useful applications. As a r

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33

Schilke, Robert M., Cassidy M. R. Blackburn, Temitayo T. Bamgbose, and Matthew D. Woolard. "Interface of Phospholipase Activity, Immune Cell Function, and Atherosclerosis." Biomolecules 10, no. 10 (2020): 1449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom10101449.

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Phospholipases are a family of lipid-altering enzymes that can either reduce or increase bioactive lipid levels. Bioactive lipids elicit signaling responses, activate transcription factors, promote G-coupled-protein activity, and modulate membrane fluidity, which mediates cellular function. Phospholipases and the bioactive lipids they produce are important regulators of immune cell activity, dictating both pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activity. During atherosclerosis, pro-inflammatory and pro-resolving activities govern atherosclerosis progression and regression, respectively. This revie

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Atshaves, Barbara P., Avery L. McIntosh, Danilo Landrock, et al. "Effect of SCP-x gene ablation on branched-chain fatty acid metabolism." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 292, no. 3 (2007): G939—G951. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00308.2006.

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Despite the importance of peroxisomal oxidation in branched-chain lipid (phytol, cholesterol) detoxification, little is known regarding the factors regulating the peroxisomal uptake, targeting, and metabolism of these lipids. Although in vitro data suggest that sterol carrier protein (SCP)-x plays an important role in branched-chain lipid oxidation, the full physiological significance of this peroxisomal enzyme is not completely clear. To begin to resolve this issue, SCP-x-null mice were generated by gene ablation of SCP-x from the SCP-x/SCP-2 gene and fed a phytol-enriched diet to characteriz

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35

Hillinger, Claudia, W. Höll, and Hubert Ziegler. "Lipids and lipolytic enzymes in the trunkwood of." Trees 10, no. 6 (1996): 366. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050045.

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Hillinger, Claudia, W. Höll, and Hubert Ziegler. "Lipids and lipolytic enzymes in the trunkwood of." Trees 10, no. 6 (1996): 376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004680050046.

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Jain, Mohit, Soeun Ngoy, Sunil A. Sheth, et al. "A systematic survey of lipids across mouse tissues." American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 306, no. 8 (2014): E854—E868. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpendo.00371.2013.

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Lipids are a diverse collection of macromolecules essential for normal physiology, but the tissue distribution and function for many individual lipid species remain unclear. Here, we report a mass spectrometry survey of lipid abundance across 18 mouse tissues, detecting ∼1,000 mass spectrometry features, of which we identify 179 lipids from the glycerolipids, glycerophospholipids, lysophospholipids, acylcarnitines, sphingolipids, and cholesteryl ester classes. Our data reveal tissue-specific organization of lipids and can be used to generate testable hypotheses. For example, our data indicate

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Merrill, A. H., E. Wang, D. P. Jones, and J. L. Hargrove. "Hepatic function in rats after spaceflight: effects on lipids, glycogen, and enzymes." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 252, no. 2 (1987): R222—R226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.1987.252.2.r222.

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The inclusion of rats aboard Spacelab 3 (SL-3) allowed analyses of liver lipids, glycogen, hepatic enzymes of cholesterol, glycerolipid and sphingolipid biosynthesis, and other enzyme activities. Glycogen content was markedly elevated in livers from the flight animals compared with controls. Cholesterol was 24% (P less than 0.04) lower in livers from the experimental groups, whereas blood cholesterol was 19% higher (P less than 0.05). The activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase, the rate-limiting enzyme of steroid biosynthesis, was 80% lower (P less than 0.01). Total phospholipids

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Zuo, Meng Si, Jia Yu Yang, Pei Yun Wang, Hai Ou Yang, and Yi Ba. "Linking Lipid Metabolism with Cell Transformation and Tumor Progression." Journal of Nutritional Oncology 5, no. 4 (2020): 153–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34175/jno202004001.

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Carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins are the three major nutrients required by the human body. The lipids, comprising triglycerides, phospholipids, and sterols, provide energy and essential fatty acids for the body, and are required for the growth and maintenance of human cells and tissues. A variety of lipid molecules and their intermediates are involved in cell signaling and inflammation, and have been reported to promote tumor transformation and progression. Fatty acid biosynthetic enzymes are also involved in the lipid metabolism of tumors. Dyslipidemia is closely related to many solid tumo

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Rönnemaa, Tapani, Jukka Marniemi, Markku J. Savolainen, et al. "Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes in Identical Twins Discordant for Obesity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, no. 8 (1998): 2792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jcem.83.8.4998.

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abstract Obesity is associated with adverse changes in plasma lipoprotein metabolism, but it is not known completely how this association is modified by genetic factors. We assessed the contribution of obesity to serum lipid and lipoprotein levels and lipid metabolizing enzyme activities by examining 23 identical twin pairs (9 male, 14 female) who had, on the average, an 18-kg intrapair difference in BW. Compared with lean co-twins, obese co-twins had approximately 20% higher low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (P &lt; 0.01), 20% lower high-density lipoprotein2 cholesterol (P = 0.010

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Ronnemaa, T. "Serum Lipids, Lipoproteins, and Lipid Metabolizing Enzymes in Identical Twins Discordant for Obesity." Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 83, no. 8 (1998): 2792–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.83.8.2792.

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Rilfors, Leif, and Göran Lindblom. "Regulation of lipid composition in biological membranes—biophysical studies of lipids and lipid synthesizing enzymes." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 26, no. 1-2 (2002): 112–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0927-7765(01)00310-1.

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Koga, Yosuke, and Hiroyuki Morii. "Biosynthesis of Ether-Type Polar Lipids in Archaea and Evolutionary Considerations." Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews 71, no. 1 (2007): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mmbr.00033-06.

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SUMMARY This review deals with the in vitro biosynthesis of the characteristics of polar lipids in archaea along with preceding in vivo studies. Isoprenoid chains are synthesized through the classical mevalonate pathway, as in eucarya, with minor modifications in some archaeal species. Most enzymes involved in the pathway have been identified enzymatically and/or genomically. Three of the relevant enzymes are found in enzyme families different from the known enzymes. The order of reactions in the phospholipid synthesis pathway (glycerophosphate backbone formation, linking of glycerophosphate w

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Paredes, Paris, Giovanni Larama, Liset Flores, et al. "Temperature Differentially Affects Gene Expression in Antarctic Thraustochytrid Oblongichytrium sp. RT2316-13." Marine Drugs 18, no. 11 (2020): 563. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md18110563.

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Oblongichytrium RT2316-13 synthesizes lipids rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). The content of these fatty acids in the total lipids depended on growth temperature. Sequencing technology was used in this work to examine the thraustochytrid’s response to a decrease in growth temperature from 15 °C to 5 °C. Around 4% (2944) of the genes were differentially expressed (DE) and only a few of the DE genes (533 upregulated; 206 downregulated) had significant matches to those in the SwissProt database. Most of the annotated DE genes were related to cell membrane compos

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Perestrelo, Rosa, Marijana Petkovic, and Catarina Luís Silva. "Analytical Platforms for the Determination of Phospholipid Turnover in Breast Cancer Tissue: Role of Phospholipase Activity in Breast Cancer Development." Metabolites 11, no. 1 (2021): 32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11010032.

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Altered lipid metabolism has been associated with the progression of various cancers, and aberrant expression of enzymes involved in the lipid metabolism has been detected in different stages of cancer. Breast cancer (BC) is one of the cancer types known to be associated with alterations in the lipid metabolism and overexpression of enzymes involved in this metabolism. It has been demonstrated that inhibition of the activity of certain enzymes, such as that of phospholipase A2 in BC cell lines sensitizes these cells and decreases the IC50 values for forthcoming therapy with traditional drugs,

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Carini, Paul, Benjamin A. S. Van Mooy, J. Cameron Thrash, et al. "SAR11 lipid renovation in response to phosphate starvation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 25 (2015): 7767–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505034112.

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Phytoplankton inhabiting oligotrophic ocean gyres actively reduce their phosphorus demand by replacing polar membrane phospholipids with those lacking phosphorus. Although the synthesis of nonphosphorus lipids is well documented in some heterotrophic bacterial lineages, phosphorus-free lipid synthesis in oligotrophic marine chemoheterotrophs has not been directly demonstrated, implying they are disadvantaged in phosphate-deplete ecosystems, relative to phytoplankton. Here, we show the SAR11 clade chemoheterotrophPelagibactersp. str. HTCC7211 renovates membrane lipids when phosphate starved by

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Kozubek, Arkadiusz, Malgorzata Nietubyc, and Aleksander F. Sikorski. "Modulation of the Activities of Membrane Enzymes by Cereal Grain Resorcinolic Lipids." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 47, no. 1-2 (1992): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1992-1-208.

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Abstract Resorcinolic lipids, amphiphilic compounds from cereal grains show strong effects upon the activity of membrane enzymes. The concentrations for 50% inhibition of erythrocyte membrane acetylcholinesterase were in the range of 18 -90 μᴍ and were dependent on the length of the aliphatic side chain of the homologue and on the modification of hydroxyl groups in the benzene ring. Sulfonation of OH groups resulted in a drastic decrease of the inhibitory potency. The effect of resorcinolic lipids on the activity of Ca2+(calmodulin)-ATPase was the opposite. Up to concentrations of 50 μᴍ alk(en

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Baburina, Marina I., Natal’ya L. Vostrikova, Andrew N. Ivankin, and Aleksandr N. Zenkin. "BIOCHEMICAL TRANSFORMATION OF NATURAL LIPIDS: A REVIEW." Theory and practice of meat processing 3, no. 3 (2018): 12–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.21323/2414-438x-2018-3-3-12-26.

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The aspects of biochemical transformation of natural lipids of vegetable, fish, and animal origin are considered on the model of biotechnical aspects of triglyceride transformation into products of various purpose. The indicators of biological efficacy of fats are presented regarding the systematization by groups of polyunsaturated, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids. Some features of simulation of natural processes of hydrolytic fat degradation into energy-intensive products are discussed. At the same time, aspects of fat intake and their biochemical transformation in food systems by h

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Dolphin, Peter J. "Lipoprotein metabolism and the role of apolipoproteins as metabolic programmers." Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology 63, no. 8 (1985): 850–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/o85-107.

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The plasma lipoproteins are large spherical macromolecular structures containing hydrophobic core lipids with phospholipids, cholesterol, and specific proteins (apoproteins) providing an amphipathic interface with the hydrophilic environment of the plasma. The major function of these particles, which are biosynthesized by the intestine and liver, is the transport of dietary or endogenously synthesized lipids to those tissues which utilize exogenous lipids for oxidative metabolism, storage, steroid hormone biosynthesis, or maintenance of their membrane integrity. The triacylglycerol-rich lipopr

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Burge, Kathryn, Frederico Vieira, Jeffrey Eckert, and Hala Chaaban. "Lipid Composition, Digestion, and Absorption Differences among Neonatal Feeding Strategies: Potential Implications for Intestinal Inflammation in Preterm Infants." Nutrients 13, no. 2 (2021): 550. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13020550.

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Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in the neonatal population. Formula feeding is among the many risk factors for developing the condition, a practice often required in the cohort most often afflicted with NEC, preterm infants. While the virtues of many bioactive components of breast milk have been extolled, the ability to digest and assimilate the nutritional components of breast milk is often overlooked. The structure of formula differs from that of breast milk, both in lipid composition and chemical configuration. In addition, formula lacks a c

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