Log in

Relevant bibliographies by topics / Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects

Contents

Journal articles
Dissertations / Theses
Books
Book chapters
Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 14 February 2022

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Journal articles on the topic "Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects"

1

Bayly, R. C., A. Duncan, J. W. May, M. Schembri, A. Semertjis, G. Vasiliadis, and W. G. C. Raper. "Microbiological and Genetic Aspects of the Synthesis of Polyphosphate by Species of Acinetobacter." Water Science and Technology 23, no. 4-6 (February 1, 1991): 747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1991.0525.

Full text

Abstract:

Strains of Acinetobacter which showed marked variation in their ability to accumulate intracellular polyphosphate (Pn) were isolated from a pilot-plant which was removing phosphate biologically. Variants which could not accumulate Pn under the same growth conditions were derived from two of the isolates which accumulated high levels of Pn. The activities of five enzymes reported to have a role in Pn synthesis showed no significant differences between the two variants, their parent strains and two other natural isolates. In the presence of 20 µm N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD), growth of the variant strains was suppressed, whereas the parent strains were still able to grow and form polyphosphate. A mechanism which depends upon the trans-membrane proton gradient of the cell is proposed to account for the high levels of polyphosphate formed by some strains of Acinetobacter. Each of the Acinetobacter strains isolated from the pilot-plant carried several plasmids. Comparison of one strain, which accumulated a high level of Pn, and its variant, showed that a deletion of approximately 20 kb of plasmid DNA from the parent strain had occurred.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Ellingwood, Sara S., and Alan Cheng. "Biochemical and clinical aspects of glycogen storage diseases." Journal of Endocrinology 238, no. 3 (September 2018): R131—R141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/joe-18-0120.

Full text

Abstract:

The synthesis of glycogen represents a key pathway for the disposal of excess glucose while its degradation is crucial for providing energy during exercise and times of need. The importance of glycogen metabolism is also highlighted by human genetic disorders that are caused by mutations in the enzymes involved. In this review, we provide a basic summary on glycogen metabolism and some of the clinical aspects of the classical glycogen storage diseases. Disruptions in glycogen metabolism usually result in some level of dysfunction in the liver, muscle, heart, kidney and/or brain. Furthermore, the spectrum of symptoms observed is very broad, depending on the affected enzyme. Finally, we briefly discuss an aspect of glycogen metabolism related to the maintenance of its structure that seems to be gaining more recent attention. For example, in Lafora progressive myoclonus epilepsy, patients exhibit an accumulation of inclusion bodies in several tissues, containing glycogen with increased phosphorylation, longer chain lengths and irregular branch points. This abnormal structure is thought to make glycogen insoluble and resistant to degradation. Consequently, its accumulation becomes toxic to neurons, leading to cell death. Although the genes responsible have been identified, studies in the past two decades are only beginning to shed light into their molecular functions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Andriotis, Vasilios M. E., Martin Rejzek, Michael D. Rugen, Birte Svensson, Alison M. Smith, and Robert A. Field. "Iminosugar inhibitors of carbohydrate-active enzymes that underpin cereal grain germination and endosperm metabolism." Biochemical Society Transactions 44, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst20150222.

Full text

Abstract:

Starch is a major energy store in plants. It provides most of the calories in the human diet and, as a bulk commodity, it is used across broad industry sectors. Starch synthesis and degradation are not fully understood, owing to challenging biochemistry at the liquid/solid interface and relatively limited knowledge about the nature and control of starch degradation in plants. Increased societal and commercial demand for enhanced yield and quality in starch crops requires a better understanding of starch metabolism as a whole. Here we review recent advances in understanding the roles of carbohydrate-active enzymes in starch degradation in cereal grains through complementary chemical and molecular genetics. These approaches have allowed us to start dissecting aspects of starch degradation and the interplay with cell-wall polysaccharide hydrolysis during germination. With a view to improving and diversifying the properties and uses of cereal grains, it is possible that starch degradation may be amenable to manipulation through genetic or chemical intervention at the level of cell wall metabolism, rather than simply in the starch degradation pathway per se.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Alkhzouz, Camelia, Simona Bucerzan, Maria Miclaus, Andreea-Manuela Mirea, and Diana Miclea. "46,XX DSD: Developmental, Clinical and Genetic Aspects." Diagnostics 11, no. 8 (July 30, 2021): 1379. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11081379.

Full text

Abstract:

Differences in sex development (DSD) in patients with 46,XX karyotype occur by foetal or postnatal exposure to an increased amount of androgens. These disorders are usually diagnosed at birth, in newborns with abnormal genitalia, or later, due to postnatal virilization, usually at puberty. Proper diagnosis and therapy are mostly based on the knowledge of normal development and molecular etiopathogenesis of the gonadal and adrenal structures. This review aims to describe the most relevant data that are correlated with the normal and abnormal development of adrenal and gonadal structures in direct correlation with their utility in clinical practice, mainly in patients with 46,XX karyotype. We described the prenatal development of structures together with the main molecules and pathways that are involved in sex development. The second part of the review described the physical, imaging, hormonal and genetic evaluation in a patient with a disorder of sex development, insisting more on patients with 46,XX karyotype. Further, 95% of the etiology in 46,XX patients with disorders of sex development is due to congenital adrenal hyperplasia, by enzyme deficiencies that are involved in the hormonal synthesis pathway. The other cases are explained by genetic abnormalities that are involved in the development of the genital system. The phenotypic variability is very important in 46,XX disorders of sex development and the knowledge of each sign, even the most discreet, which could reveal such disorders, mainly in the neonatal period, could influence the evolution, prognosis and life quality long term.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Frank, S., A. A. Brindley, E. Deery, P. Heathcote, A. D. Lawrence, H. K. Leech, R. W. Pickersgill, and M. J. Warren. "Anaerobic synthesis of vitamin B12: characterization of the early steps in the pathway." Biochemical Society Transactions 33, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 811–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0330811.

Full text

Abstract:

The anaerobic biosynthesis of vitamin B12 is slowly being unravelled. Recent work has shown that the first committed step along the anaerobic route involves the sirohydrochlorin (chelation of cobalt into factor II). The following enzyme in the pathway, CbiL, methylates cobalt-factor II to give cobalt-factor III. Recent progress on the molecular characterization of this enzyme has given a greater insight into its mode of action and specificity. Structural studies are being used to provide insights into how aspects of this highly complex biosynthetic pathway may have evolved. Between cobalt-factor III and cobyrinic acid, only one further intermediate has been identified. A combination of molecular genetics, recombinant DNA technology and bioorganic chemistry has led to some recent advances in assigning functions to the enzymes of the anaerobic pathway.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Hellemond, Jaap J. van, Anita van der Klei, SusanneW H. van Weelden, and Aloysius G. M. Tielens. "Biochemical and evolutionary aspects of anaerobically functioning mitochondria." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 358, no. 1429 (January 29, 2003): 205–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2002.1182.

Full text

Abstract:

Mitochondria are usually considered to be the powerhouses of the cell and to be responsible for the aerobic production of ATP. However, many eukaryotic organisms are known to possess anaerobically functioning mitochondria, which differ significantly from classical aerobically functioning mitochondria. Recently, functional and phylogenetic studies on some enzymes involved clearly indicated an unexpected evolutionary relationship between these anaerobically functioning mitochondria and the classical aerobic type. Mitochondria evolved by an endosymbiotic event between an anaerobically functioning archaebacterial host and an aerobic α–proteobacterium. However, true anaerobically functioning mitochondria, such as found in parasitic helminths and some lower marine organisms, most likely did not originate directly from the pluripotent ancestral mitochondrion, but arose later in evolution from the aerobic type of mitochondria after these were already adapted to an aerobic way of life by losing their anaerobic capacities. This review will focus on some biochemical and evolutionary aspects of these fermentative mitochondria, with special attention to fumarate reductase, the synthesis of the rhodoquinone involved, and the enzymes involved in acetate production (acetate : succinate CoA–transferase and succinyl CoA–synthetase).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Sebezhko, O. I., K. N. Narozhnykh, O. S. Korotkevich, D. A. Alexandrova, and I. N. Morozov. "Contemporary aspects of cholesterol metabolism in cattle." Bulletin of NSAU (Novosibirsk State Agrarian University), no. 2 (July 13, 2021): 91–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31677/2072-6724-2021-59-2-91-105.

Full text

Abstract:

The literature review presents the current understanding of cholesterol metabolism occurring under physiological conditions. The homeostasis of cholesterol in the body is determined by its endogenous synthesis, the transition to the cell from plasma as part of low-densitylipoproteins( LDL), the release of their cells as part of high-density lipoproteins (HDL). The molecular-genetic mechanisms of regulation of cholesterol homeostasis are described in detail. The genes for cholesterol biosynthesis in major multicellular animals were inherited from their last common eukaryotic ancestor and are evolutionarily conserved for cholesterol biosynthesis. Non-coding variants of singlenucleotide polymorphisms can significantly contribute to the phenotypic variability of cholesterol, and missense variants that lead to the replacement of amino acids in proteins can have a significant effect on the phenotypic variability. The modern aspects of cholesterol homeostasis in cattle are formed and sufficiently fully presented. During absence of exogenous intake, the balance of cholesterol in cattle is maintained by endogenous synthesis, occurring mainly in the liver, the intake of lipoproteins, as well as reverse transport mechanisms. This review gives an idea that the stability of homeostasis can be achieved only with the complex interaction of all systems (transport, enzyme, receptor) involved in this process. The analysis of the latest scientific works concerning the problem of the content and regulation of cholesterol in cow’s milk is presented. Significant single-nucleotide polymorphisms localized in the ACAT2, LDLR, DGAT, and AGPAT1 genes involved in the exchange of cholesterol in the liver or its transport and associated with the level of cholesterol in milk are described. Part of the review is devoted to cholesterol deficiency syndrome in Holstein cattle (HCD). Modern data on the prevalence, molecular and genetic basis, clinical and laboratory manifestations of the syndrome are presented.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Ershov, Pavel, Leonid Kaluzhskiy, Yuri Mezentsev, Evgeniy Yablokov, Oksana Gnedenko, and Alexis Ivanov. "Enzymes in the Cholesterol Synthesis Pathway: Interactomics in the Cancer Context." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2021): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9080895.

Full text

Abstract:

A global protein interactome ensures the maintenance of regulatory, signaling and structural processes in cells, but at the same time, aberrations in the repertoire of protein–protein interactions usually cause a disease onset. Many metabolic enzymes catalyze multistage transformation of cholesterol precursors in the cholesterol biosynthesis pathway. Cancer-associated deregulation of these enzymes through various molecular mechanisms results in pathological cholesterol accumulation (its precursors) which can be disease risk factors. This work is aimed at systematization and bioinformatic analysis of the available interactomics data on seventeen enzymes in the cholesterol pathway, encoded by HMGCR, MVK, PMVK, MVD, FDPS, FDFT1, SQLE, LSS, DHCR24, CYP51A1, TM7SF2, MSMO1, NSDHL, HSD17B7, EBP, SC5D, DHCR7 genes. The spectrum of 165 unique and 21 common protein partners that physically interact with target enzymes was selected from several interatomic resources. Among them there were 47 modifying proteins from different protein kinases/phosphatases and ubiquitin-protein ligases/deubiquitinases families. A literature search, enrichment and gene co-expression analysis showed that about a quarter of the identified protein partners was associated with cancer hallmarks and over-represented in cancer pathways. Our results allow to update the current fundamental view on protein–protein interactions and regulatory aspects of the cholesterol synthesis enzymes and annotate of their sub-interactomes in term of possible involvement in cancers that will contribute to prioritization of protein targets for future drug development.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Kulkarni, R. N., K. Baskaran, and Tripta Jhang. "Breeding medicinal plant, periwinkle [Catharanthus roseus(L) G. Don]: a review." Plant Genetic Resources 14, no. 4 (May 2, 2016): 283–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479262116000150.

Full text

Abstract:

AbstractPeriwinkle [Catharanthus roseus(L) G. Don] has become one of the very extensively investigated medicinal plants after the discovery of two powerful anti-cancer alkaloids, vinblastine and vincristine, in its leaves more than 50 years ago. These alkaloidal drugs are still in clinical use. Also, periwinkle is still the only source of these alkaloids and their precursors, catharanthine and vindoline. Low concentrations of these alkaloids in the plant and, therefore, high costs of their extraction have led to tremendous efforts towards understanding their biosynthesis and exploration of alternate ways of their production such as, chemical synthesis, cell, tissue and hairy root cultures, and metabolic engineering of heterologous organisms. Literature on this plant is quite voluminous, with an average of about 80 publications per year during last three decades (1985–2015). Nearly 60% of these publications are on physiology, biochemistry, cell and tissue culture, phytochemistry, metabolic and genetic engineering aspects. In spite of these efforts, an economically viable alternative to field-grown periwinkle plants as a source of these alkaloids has not yet been found. Biosynthesis ofC. roseusalkaloids is a complex process involving many genes, enzymes, regulators, inter- and intra-cellular transporters, cell types, organelles and tissues and its current understanding is still considered to be incomplete to produceC. roseusalkaloids through metabolic engineering/synthetic biology. Till such time, breeding periwinkle varieties with higher concentrations of anti-cancer alkaloids for cultivation can be an alternate approach to meet the demand for these alkaloids and reduce their costs. While literature on cell and tissue culture, phytochemistry, metabolic and genetic engineering aspects of periwinkle has been reviewed periodically, crop production and plant breeding aspects have received little attention. In this paper, an attempt has been made to bring together published information on genetics and breeding of periwinkle as a medicinal plant. Some probable constraints which may have hindered taking up periwinkle breeding are identified. Initially, quite a few attempts have been made at genetic improvement of periwinkle through induced polyploidy, and subsequently through induced mutagenesis. Mutations, both natural and induced, provide a valuable resource for use in breeding and in functional and reverse genomics research. It is only during last 6–7 years, genetic diversity has been assessed using molecular markers and very recently molecular markers have been identified for marker-assisted selection for alkaloid yield.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Müllner, Heidemarie, and Günther Daum. "Dynamics of neutral lipid storage in yeast." Acta Biochimica Polonica 51, no. 2 (June 30, 2004): 323–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.18388/abp.2004_3574.

Full text

Abstract:

Since energy storage is a basic metabolic process, the synthesis of neutral lipids occurs in all kingdoms of life. The yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, widely accepted as a model eukaryotic cell, contains two classes of neutral lipids, namely steryl esters and triacylglycerols. Triacylglycerols are synthesized through two pathways governed by the acyl-CoA diacylglycerol acyltransferase Dga1p and the phospholipid diacylglycerol acyltransferase Lro1p, respectively. Steryl esters are formed by the two steryl ester synthases Are1p and Are2p, two enzymes with overlapping function which also catalyze triacylglycerol formation, although to a minor extent. Storage of neutral lipids is tightly linked to the biogenesis of so called lipid particles. The role of this compartment in lipid homeostasis and its interplay with other organelles involved in neutral lipid dynamics, especially the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane, are subject of current investigations. In contrast to neutral lipid formation, mobilization of triacylglycerols and steryl esters in yeast are less characterized at the molecular level. Only recently, the triacylglycerol lipase Tgl3p was identified as the first yeast enzyme of this kind by function. Genes and gene products governing steryl ester mobilization still await identification. Besides biochemical properties of enzymes involved in yeast neutral lipid synthesis and degradation, regulatory aspects of these pathways and cell biological consequences of neutral lipid depletion will be discussed in this minireview.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects"

1

Maguire, Deborah Jane. "Studies on the 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene and its regulation /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1987. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm213.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Cotton, Kimberly Lynn. "Genetic and biochemical analysis of essential enzymes in triacylglycerol synthesis in arabidopsis." Thesis, Washington State University, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10043101.

Full text

Abstract:

Plant oils are used in food, fuel, and feedstocks for many consumer products, and so understanding the process by which they are made and modified will help us to make plant oils more healthy, useful, and sustainable. While some of the genes encoding the ER-localized enzymatic steps to triacylglycerol (TAG) have been well understood and documented, several are still in need of study. The glycerol-3-phosphate acyl transferase (GPAT) enzymatic activity is the first step in the pathway to TAG, and it acylates glycerol 3-phosphate to produce lysophosphatidic acid. GPAT9 (AT5G60620) is conserved across land plants and is homozygous lethal, indicating an essential function. Transcript level in knockdown mutants correlates with GPAT activity and with oil levels, and the protein interacts with other enzymes in the TAG biosynthesis pathway. These data suggest that GPAT9 encodes the main GPAT involved in membrane lipid and TAG synthesis. The phosphatidic acid phosphatase (PAP) step in TAG synthesis is responsible for the hydrolysis of inorganic phosphate from phosphatidic acid and creation of diacylglycerol (DAG). There are 13 putative PAPs in Arabidopsis which are homologous to known PAPs. Most of these are involved in other processes, including the plastidial lipid synthesis pathway and signaling pathways. The Arabidopsis gene LPPβ (At4g22550) is expressed in seed tissue, its protein product is localized to the ER, and it encodes PAP activity, indicating that it is a likely candidate for the PAP involved in oil synthesis. At the conclusion of this work, questions remain about the role of LPPβ in oil synthesis and which genes encode the major enzymes involved in the steps generating phosphatidylcholine and converting it back to DAG; but the main Kennedy Pathway enzymes generating TAG have been identified and characterized.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Vousden, William Alexander. "Mutational analysis of the ACV synthetase gene of Aspergillus nidulans." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.366097.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Campeau, Eric. "Molecular genetics of biotin-dependent enzymes : mutation analysis, expression and biochemical studies." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0019/NQ55308.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Murphy, Tracey L. "Developing a novel biocatalyst : N-acetylamino acid racemase." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/32832.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Surinya, Katharina Helen. "Heme biosynthesis in erythroid cells : transcriptional egulation of the human 5=aminolevulinate synthase 2 gene /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs961.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Cheung, Kwok-ho Alvin, and 張國豪. "Genetic and pharmacological approaches to study the role of the polyolpathway enzymes in diabetic and ischemic retinopathy." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2007. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B39558617.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Healy, Helen Moira. "Studies on the regulation of the human hepatic 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene /." Title page, contents and introduction only, 1990. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh4325.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Braidotti, Giovanna. "Studies of the promoter region of the rat housekeeping 5-aminolevulinate synthase gene /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phb814.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Morona, Judy Kay. "Characterisation of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis loci of streptococcus pneumoniae serogroup 19 /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1998. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm8678.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

More sources

Books on the topic "Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects"

1

Biology and criminology: The biosocial synthesis. New York: Routledge, 2009.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Sandager, Line. Genes and enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of triacylglycerol in plants and yeast. Alnarp: Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2001.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Todorov, I. N. Mechanisms of cell stability: Subcellular and molecular aspects. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 1994.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

(Detlef), Bartsch D., and Nationales Forschungsprogramm NFP 59, eds. Synthesis and overview studies to evaluate existing research and knowledge on biological issues on GM plants of relevance to Swiss environments: National Research Programme NRP 59 "Benefits and Risks of the Deliberate Release of Genetically Modified Plants" : review of international literature. Zürich: VDF, Hochschulverlag AG an der ETH Zürich, 2012.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Kobayashi, M., F. H. Arnold, L. Elling, W. Hummel, J. C. Janson, M. Kataoka, J. C. Moore, et al. New Enzymes for Organic Synthesis: Screening, Supply and Engineering (Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology). Springer, 1997.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Enzyme-mediated resistance to antibiotics: Mechanisms, dissemination, and prospects for inhibition. Washington, DC: ASM Press, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

(Editor), Robert A. Bonomo, and Marcelo E. Tolmasky (Editor), eds. Enzyme-Mediated Resistance to Antibiotics: Mechanisms, Dissemination, and Prospects for Inhibition. ASM Press, 2007.

Find full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Leigh, R. John, and David S. Zee. The Neurology of Eye Movements. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199969289.001.0001.

Full text

Abstract:

This new edition comprises a modern synthesis of the anatomical, physiological, and pharmacological substrate for eye movements, including current views on the reflexive and voluntary control of gaze. This synthesis is based on electrophysiological and inactivation studies in macaque, and behavioural studies in humans that incorporate functional imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in normals, and clinicopathological studies in patients with neurological, visual, or vestibular disorders. Sophisticated experimental paradigms have been applied to both species to explore aspects of cognition, memory, volition, and reward. This large body of research has demonstrated the power of eye movements as experimental tools. The second part of this online resource applies this synthesis to the clinical and laboratory evaluation of patients with abnormal eye movements due to a broad range of disorders - from muscular dystrophy, and genetic disorders, to dementia, including visual and vestibular conditions.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

West-Eberhard, Mary Jane. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution. Oxford University Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195122343.001.0001.

Full text

Abstract:

The first comprehensive synthesis on development and evolution: it applies to all aspects of development, at all levels of organization and in all organisms, taking advantage of modern findings on behavior, genetics, endocrinology, molecular biology, evolutionary theory and phylogenetics to show the connections between developmental mechanisms and evolutionary change. This book solves key problems that have impeded a definitive synthesis in the past. It uses new concepts and specific examples to show how to relate environmentally sensitive development to the genetic theory of adaptive evolution and to explain major patterns of change. In this book development includes not only embryology and the ontogeny of morphology, sometimes portrayed inadequately as governed by "regulatory genes," but also behavioral development and physiological adaptation, where plasticity is mediated by genetically complex mechanisms like hormones and learning. The book shows how the universal qualities of phenotypes--modular organization and plasticity--facilitate both integration and change. Here you will learn why it is wrong to describe organisms as genetically programmed; why environmental induction is likely to be more important in evolution than random mutation; and why it is crucial to consider both selection and developmental mechanism in explanations of adaptive evolution. This book satisfies the need for a truly general book on development, plasticity and evolution that applies to living organisms in all of their life stages and environments. Using an immense compendium of examples on many kinds of organisms, from viruses and bacteria to higher plants and animals, it shows how the phenotype is reorganized during evolution to produce novelties, and how alternative phenotypes occupy a pivotal role as a phase of evolution that fosters diversification and speeds change. The arguments of this book call for a new view of the major themes of evolutionary biology, as shown in chapters on gradualism, homology, environmental induction, speciation, radiation, macroevolution, punctuation, and the maintenance of sex. No other treatment of development and evolution since Darwin's offers such a comprehensive and critical discussion of the relevant issues. Developmental Plasticity and Evolution is designed for biologists interested in the development and evolution of behavior, life-history patterns, ecology, physiology, morphology and speciation. It will also appeal to evolutionary paleontologists, anthropologists, psychologists, and teachers of general biology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Book chapters on the topic "Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects"

1

Crouzet, J., F. Blanche, B. Cameron, D. Thibaut, and L. Debussche. "Biochemical and Genetic Studies on Vitamin B12 Synthesis in Pseudomonas dentrificans." In Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology, 299–315. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9637-7_23.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Roth, John R., Charlotte Grabau, and Thomas G. Doak. "Genetic Approaches to the Synthesis and Physiological Significance of B12 in Salmonella typhimurium." In Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology, 317–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9637-7_24.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Toone, Eric J., Yoshihiro Kobori, David C. Myles, Akio Ozaki, Walther Schmid, Claus von der Osten, Anthony J. Sinskey, and George M. Whitesides. "Enzymes as Catalysts in Carbohydrate Synthesis." In Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology, 179–95. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9637-7_15.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Henry, S., D. Hoshizaki, A. Bailis, M. Homann, and G. Carman. "Genetic Regulation of Phospholipid Synthesis in Yeast." In Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism II, 623–32. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4684-5212-9_76.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Shimizu, Sakayu, and Hideaki Yamada. "Stereoselective Synthesis of Biologically and Pharmacologically Important Chemicals with Microbial Enzymes." In Chemical Aspects of Enzyme Biotechnology, 151–63. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9637-7_13.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Flowers, T. J., and D. Dalmond. "Protein synthesis in halophytes: The influence of potassium, sodium and magnesium in vitro." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 195–203. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1650-3_25.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Memon, Abdul Razaque, and Anthony D. M. Glass. "Genotypic differences in subcellular compartmentation of K+: Implications for protein synthesis, growth and yield." In Genetic Aspects of Plant Mineral Nutrition, 323–29. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3581-5_30.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Watanabe, Minro. "Genetic Polymorphisms of Cytochromes P450 1A1 and 2E1 and of Glutathione S-Transferase Ml and Cancer Susceptibility in the Human." In Molecular and Applied Aspects of Oxidative Drug Metabolizing Enzymes, 127–43. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-4855-3_9.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Berenbaum, Sheri A. "Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia." In Cognitive and Behavioral Abnormalities of Pediatric Diseases. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195342680.003.0014.

Full text

Abstract:

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is a family of genetic disorders involving enzyme defects in the synthesis of cortisol in the adrenal gland (for reviews and additional information, see Grumbach, Hughes, and Conte 2003; Merke and Bornstein 2005; Speiser 2001). The most common defect is in 21-hydroxylase (21-OH), which accounts for 90% of cases of CAH and results in physical signs of androgen excess. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is heterogeneous, with the phenotype usually classified as nonclassic (NC), a mild, often late-onset form, or classic, a severe form. Classic CAH consists of the salt-wasting (SW) and simple-virilizing (SV) forms, which reflect degree of aldosterone deficiency (mineralocorticoid disturbance), with a SW:SV ratio of approximately 2:1. It is likely that the three forms of CAH (NC, SV, SW) reflect an underlying continuum. Individuals with classic CAH due to 21-OH deficiency are unable to produce enough cortisol to suppress the release of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). This results in an accumulation of cortisol precursors, leading to increased production of androgen from the adrenal gland beginning early in gestation and continuing until the disorder is diagnosed and treated with cortisol replacement, usually in the newborn period. Classic CAH is usually detected through newborn screening in the United States and in some other countries (Therrell 2001). Untreated classic CAH causes rapid growth (and ultimately short stature), precocious puberty, and physical virilization. Aldosterone deficiency can cause hypoglycemia, and potentially life-threatening episodes of hyponatremia and hyperkalemia. The defects in CAH also have consequences for behavior and cognition, as will be discussed throughout this chapter. Individuals with nonclassic CAH due to 21-OH deficiency do not have the significant cortisol deficiency characteristic of classic CAH. Nevertheless, they do have increased androgen, usually beginning in childhood or in adulthood. The excess androgen is associated with an increased likelihood of early puberty, infertility, and in women, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, and polycystic ovaries. Classic CAH is one of the most common inborn errors of metabolism and the most common cause of ambiguous genitalia. Data from newborn screening show the incidence to be approximately 1 in 15,000 live births with some variations across countries and ethnic groups (Therrell 2001).

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Malik, Javid A., and Monika Bhadauria. "Polyhydroxyalkanoates." In Handbook of Research on Environmental and Human Health Impacts of Plastic Pollution, 370–87. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-9452-9.ch018.

Full text

Abstract:

Human dependence on number of chemicals or chemical derivatives has increased alarmingly. Among the commodity chemicals, plastics are becoming independent for our modern lifestyle, as the usage of plastics is increasing worryingly. However, these synthetic plastics are extremely persistent in nature and accumulate in the environment, thereby leading to serious ecological problems. So, to build our economy sustainably, a need of replacement is necessary. Biomaterials in terms of bioplastics are an anticipated option, being synthesized and catabolized by different organisms with myriad biotechnological applications. Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) are among such biodegradable bioplastics, which are considered as an effective alternative for conventional plastics due to their similar mechanical properties of plastics. A range of microbes under different nutrient and environmental conditions produce PHAs significantly with the help of enzymes. PHA synthases encoded by phaC genes are the key enzymes that polymerize PHA monomers. Four major classes of PHA synthases can be distinguished based on their primary structures, as well as the number of subunits and substrate specificity. PHAs can also be produced from renewable feedstock under, unlike the petrochemically derived plastics that are produced by fractional distillation of depleting fossil fuels. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) is the simplest yet best known polyester of PHAs, as the PHB derived bioplastics are heat tolerant, thus used to make heat tolerant and clear packaging film. They have several medical applications such as drug delivery, suture, scaffold and heart valves, tissue engineering, targeted drug delivery, and agricultural fields. Genetic modification (GM) may be necessary to achieve adequate yields. The selections of suitable bacterial strains, inexpensive carbon sources, efficient fermentation, and recovery processes are also some aspects important aspects taken into consideration for the commercialization of PHA. PHA producers have been reported to reside at various ecological niches with few among them also produce some byproducts like extracellular polymeric substances, rhamnolipids and biohydrogen gas. So, the metabolic engineering thereafter promises to bring a feasible solution for the production of “green plastic” in order to preserve petroleum reserves and diminish the escalating human and animal health concerns environmental implications.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Conference papers on the topic "Enzymes Synthesis Genetic aspects"

1

Lu, Kerr-Jia, and Sridhar Kota. "Synthesis of Shape Morphing Compliant Mechanisms Using Load Path Representation." In ASME 2003 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2003-41813.

Full text

Abstract:

Synthesis of shape morphing compliant mechanism is inherently different from typical single output problems, due to the multiple output points along the morphing boundary. Two synthesis approaches, using a fixed initial discretization mesh and using a load path representation, have been developed previously to simultaneously address the topology, size, and geometry aspects of a compliant mechanism. Due to insufficient diversity in later generations, pre-matured convergence to sub-optimal solution is observed in the load path approach. In this paper, additional genetic operation strategies are introduced to enhance the design diversity in each Genetic Algorithm population. The capabilities and limitations of the fixed mesh approach and the improved load path approach are studied through several examples. The results show that the load path approach can achieve better quality solution with less computation time than the fixed mesh approach. The load path representation can potentially lead to a fully systematic synthesis approach due to the absence of a prespecified initial discretization mesh. Boundary conditions are currently being incorporated into the design variable to understand their importance in structural topology.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Xie, Shuiwei, and Warren F. Smith. "Towards a Hybrid Solver: Integration of a Genetic Algorithm Within “DSIDES”." In ASME 2002 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2002/cie-34400.

Full text

Abstract:

In contributing to the body of knowledge for decision-based design, the work reported in this paper has involved steps towards building a hybrid genetic algorithm to address systems design. Highlighted is a work in progress at the Australian Defence Force Academy (ADFA). A genetic algorithm (GA) is proposed to deal with discrete aspects of a design model (e.g., allocation of space to function) and a sequential linear programming (SLP) method for the continuous aspects (e.g., sizing). Our historical Decision Based Design (DBD) tool has been the code DSIDES (Decision Support In the Design of Engineering Systems). The original functionality of DSIDES was to solve linear and non-linear goal programming styled problems using linear programming (LP) and sequential (adaptive) linear programming (SLP/ALP). We seek to enhance DSIDES’s solver capability by the addition of genetic algorithms. We will also develop the appropriate tools to deal with the decomposition and synthesis implied. The foundational paradigm for DSIDES, which remains unchanged, is the Decision Support Problem Technique (DSPT). Through introducing genetic algorithms as solvers in DSIDES, the intention is to improve the likelihood of finding the global minimum (for the formulated model) as well as the ability of dealing more effectively with nonlinear problems which have discrete variables, undifferentiable objective functions or undifferentiable constraints. Using some numerical examples and a practical ship design case study, the proposed GA based method is demonstrated to be better in maintaining diversity of populations, preventing premature convergence, compared with other similar GAs. It also has similar effectiveness in finding the solutions as the original ALP DSIDES solver.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Goldenberg, Vlad, John M. Gorman, Terrence Simon, and Ephraim M. Sparrow. "A Numerical Approach to Centrifugal Compressor Stage Flow Path Design Synthesis and Optimization." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-15290.

Full text

Abstract:

Abstract This paper proposes geometry parameterization of a complete single centrifugal compressor stage and applies CFD-driven optimization using artificial neural networks and a Kriging surrogate model. Kinematic velocity triangle analysis is used to arrive at an initial design, which is then improved by using automated optimization algorithms and fundamental flow physics using CFD simulation. By allowing the design to evolve, guided by CFD, new and untested optimum designs are possible. This work deals specifically with design and optimization of the flow path. Design for structural aspects such as vibration, rotor dynamics and other mechanical aspects is outside the scope of this work. The CAD parameterization enables robust specification of the flow path geometry while maintaining a sufficiently small set of parameters for practical design space exploration. The parameterization includes an impeller with optional splitter blades, a vaneless diffuser and volute. Steady-state, RANS-based CFD is employed in the analysis of both the rotationally-periodic components and the volute geometry. Direct optimization and response surface optimization are demonstrated for rotationally periodic components to maximize design-point efficiency of the flow path using a multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). Improvements in total-total isentropic efficiency of between 4 and 5 percent are achieved. Optimization of the flow path of the volute is likewise demonstrated. In the case of the volute, a Kriging response-surface model is used and a 1.4 percentage point improvement is shown. Further research in the utilization various implementations of Artificial Intelligence (AI) machine learning techniques in conjunction with parameterized turbomachinery flow paths to enable enhanced designs to be generated effectively is proposed.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!