Academic literature on the topic 'Enzymové antioxidanty'

Background and Aim: Stress can cause physiological and biological disorders in the body. On the other hand, antioxidants from vitamins and minerals are effective for stress treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of the administration of Vitamins C and E on serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), testosterone, and cortisol activity in albino rats with chronic variable stress (CVS). Materials and Methods: Twenty albino rats were randomly assigned into four treatment groups: C was administered normal saline; T1 was administered Vitamins C and E; T2 was only induced CVS; and T3 was induced CVS followed by Vitamins C and E administration. All treatments were applied for 4 weeks, respectively. Furthermore, 5 mL of blood samples were collected intracardially. Body weight data were collected for the initial and final weights. From serum samples, SOD, GPx, and CAT were measured using the enzymol method; MDA was measured using the high-performance liquid chromatography method; and testosterone and cortisol were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. All variables were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance followed by the Duncan test (p<0.05). Results: Our findings showed that the T1 and T3 groups significantly decreased (p<0.001) compared to T2 in the following parameters: SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol. Meanwhile, CAT and testosterone levels in the T1 and T3 groups were significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to the T2 group. In addition, the weight gain in T1 and T3 groups was significantly increased (p<0.001) compared to T2 group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the administration of Vitamins C and E had a significant effect to alleviate SOD, MDA, GPx, and cortisol and to improve the testosterone level in albino rats with CVS.

Background: The aims of this study were the temporal analysis of salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress following of lower third molar surgical removal from healthy patient and without postoperative complications. Material and Methods: Three whole unstimulated saliva samples were collected from each of 17 patients (8 men, 9 women) before surgery, 1 and 7 days after lower third molar surgical removal using the expectoration (or 'spit') method. Salivary flow rate (SFR), pH, buffer capacity (BC) were measured, immediately after collection. The samples were centrifuged and the supernatants were stored in aliquots at -80°C until analysis. Salivary thiobarbituric reacting substances (TBARs), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), haemoglobin (Hb), total protein (TP), uric acid (UA), acid phosphatase (ACP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were measured by spectrophotometric method. Results: There were no significant differences between pre- and post-surgical SFR, pH, BC, or TP. One day after extraction were detected a significant increases in Hb, TBARs, ACP, TRAP, ALP, AST, ALT, and LDH activities, and decreases of UA and TAC levels were observed. Seven days after extraction, only AST (higher) remained increased compared to pre-surgical levels. Conclusions: The surgical removal of impacted lower third molars increases salivary biomarkers of cellular damage and oxidative stress, and decreases the TAC in the early postoperative. Considering these issues, our data open new perspectives of a possible use of these parameters as biomarkers for screening and monitoring of patients vulnerable to the development of postoperative complications.Descriptors: Saliva; Biomarkers; Oral Surgical Procedures; Oxidative Stress; Enzymes; Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances.ReferencesMajid OW, Mahmood WK. Effect of submucosal and intramuscular dexamethasone on postoperative sequelae after third molar surgery: comparative study. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2011;49(8):647-52.Larjava H. Oral wound healing : cell biology and clinical management. Oxford: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012. XVI, 408 p.pMohn CE, Steimetz T, Surkin PN, Fernandez-Solari J, Elverdin JC, Guglielmotti MB. Effects of saliva on early post-tooth extraction tissue repair in rats. Wound Repair Regen. 2015;23(2):241-50.Ozmeric N, Mollaoglu N, Elgun S, Devrim E. Impact of chlorhexidine mouth rinse use on postextraction infection via nitric oxide pathway. Inflamm Res. 2010;59(6):437-41.Dos Santos DR, Souza RO, Dias LB, Ribas TB, de Oliveira LCF, Sumida DH et al. The effects of storage time and temperature on the stability of salivary phosphatases, transaminases and dehydrogenase. Arch Oral Biol. 2018;85:160-65.Dabra S, China K, Kaushik A. Salivary enzymes as diagnostic markers for detection of gingival/periodontal disease and their correlation with the severity of the disease. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2012;16(3):358-64.Cesco Rde T, Ito IY, de Albuquerque RF Jr. Levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in saliva of patients with different periodontal conditions. J Clin Periodontol. 2003;30(8):752-55.Cunha-Correia AS, Hernandes Neto A, Pereira AF, Aguiar SM, Nakamune AC. Enteral nutrition feeding alters antioxidant activity in unstimulated whole saliva composition of patients with neurological disorders. Res Dev Disabil. 2014;35(6):1209-15.Nagler RM, Klein I, Zarzhevsky N, Drigues N, Reznick AZ. Characterization of the differentiated antioxidant profile of human saliva. Free Radic Biol Med. 2002;32(3):268-77.Miricescu D, Totan A, Calenic B, Mocanu B, Didilescu A, Mohora M et al. Salivary biomarkers: relationship between oxidative stress and alveolar bone loss in chronic periodontitis. Acta Odontol Scand. 2014;72(1):42-7.Bansal N, Gupta ND, Bey A, Sharma VK, Gupta N, Trivedi H. Impact of nonsurgical periodontal therapy on total antioxidant capacity in chronic periodontitis patients. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 2017;21(4):291-95.Wang Y, Andrukhov O, Rausch-Fan X. Oxidative stress and antioxidant system in periodontitis. Front Physiol. 2017;8:910.Cutando A, Arana C, Gomez-Moreno G, Escames G, Lopez A, Ferrera MJ et al. Local application of melatonin into alveolar sockets of beagle dogs reduces tooth removal-induced oxidative stress. J Periodontol. 2007;78(3):576-83.Bassoukou IH, Nicolau J, dos Santos MT. Saliva flow rate, buffer capacity, and pH of autistic individuals. 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Impacted lower third molars: Can preoperative salivary pH influence postoperative pain? Natl J Maxillofac Surg. 2010;1(2):123-26.Kejriwal S, Bhandary R, Thomas B, Kumari S. Estimation of levels of salivary mucin, amylase and total protein in gingivitis and chronic periodontitis patients. J Clin Diagn Res. 2014;8(10):ZC56-60.Gutierrez-Corrales A, Campano-Cuevas E, Castillo-Dali G, Serrera-Figallo MA, Torres-Lagares D, Gutierrez-Perez JL. Relationship between salivary biomarkers and postoperative swelling after the extraction of impacted lower third molars. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2017;46(2):243-49.Hannig C, Spitzmuller B, Hannig M. Transaminases in the acquired pellicle. Arch Oral Biol. 2009;54(5):445-48.Hannig C, Spitzmuller B, Miller M, Hellwig E, Hannig M. Intrinsic enzymatic crosslinking and maturation of the in situ pellicle. Arch Oral Biol. 2008;53(5):416-22.Rodriguez PG, Felix FN, Woodley DT, Shim EK. The role of oxygen in wound healing: a review of the literature. 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Oxidative processes play important role in cell physiology and pathology as well. Balance of these processes is supplied by cooperating antioxidative systems; function of antioxidant defense systems depens on high levels of antioxidants in organism. Presented work is focused on developement and optimization of methods for analysis of important enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidants as well as total antioxidant capacity of selected types of biological material. Extractions and analyses of vitamin E, carotenoids, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase and lipoxygenase in barley and malt were optimized. RP-HPLC and HPLC/ESI-MS were used for analysis of vitamin E, phenolic and carotenoid content, spectrophotometry was used for enzymes activity analysis. A new methods for catalase and lipoxygenase activities were developed and compared with direct UV methods. Superoxide dismutase activity was determined by commercial diagnostic kit. A colorimetric method was used for peroxidase activity determination. Some kinetic parameters of enzymes were provided too. Optimized methods were used in the analyses of antioxidants in plant material - in barley and malt - in sets of samples of 6 varieties cultivated in four different locations for two years. Content of individual antioxidants differed depending on the variety, but usually were not found significant differences in the levels, depending on growing location. Perhaps climatic conditions have the greatest influence on levels of low molecular weight and enzymatic antioxidants at the specific location; oxidation processes are influenced both the quantity of moisture, both by sunlight, which induces oxidative processes in cultivated plants. The activity of antioxidants in barley caryopses is rapidly increasing during the malting process; an elevated temperature and moistness first induces activation the enzyme systems including antioxidant. In caryopsis is metabolic activity increased during which we can expect an increased production of radicals; for this purpose can antioxidant systems be activated that protect cells from damage by oxidative stress. In the second part of work optimized methods were applied in two clinical trials focused on study of the influence of exogenous antioxidants intake on metabolic and antioxidant status in human organism. In the first clinical study influence of food supplement containing polyunsaturated fatty acids and vitamin E on metabolism of hyperlipidaemics was evaluated. After 3-month supplemenation a lipid profile was improved and serum antioxidant levels increased. The second experiment was focused on enzyme and non-enzyme antioxidant levels in healthy subjects after temporarily intake of specific foods rich in antioxidants. After two-month intake plasma phenolic substances were slightly increased. Total antioxidant capacity and activities of enzyme antioxidants were not affected. Results of both clinical exeriments showed that supplying of antioxidants in natural form or in the form of food supplements does not markedly affect metabolism of healthy subjects, while in patients with chronic diseases antioxidant supplementation can positively influence metabolic status. Results of this work showed that optimized methods are suitable for analyses of antioxidant status parameters and also for monitoring of exogenous antioxidant intake.

Extract from milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn., synonym Carduus marianus L., Asteraceae) silymarin contains among others primarily bioactive flavonolignans. They have hepatoprotective and antioxidative effects and also anticancer, chemoprotective, dermatoprotective and hypocholesterolemic activity. This thesis focuses on the preparation of metabolites of the second phase of biotransformation unexplored flavonolignans 2,3-dehydrosilybin (DHSB), silychristin (SCH), 2,3-dehydrosilychristin (DHSCH). Pure sulfated derivatives were prepared using aryl sulfotransferase from Desulfitobacterium hafniense and p-nitrophenyl sulfate (p- NPS) as a donor. Flavonolignans yield exclusively monosulfates at the position C- 20 (C-19 in the case of silychristin and 2,3-dehydrosilychristin), except for 2,3- dehydrosilybin that gives also the 7,20-disulfated derivatives. For all samples were made antioxidant tests - DPPH assay (the highest activity had 2,3-dehydrosilychristin sulfate: IC50= 7,87 µM), Folin-Ciocalteau reduction assay (the highest activity had 2,3-dehydrosilychristin: 1,58 ekvivalents of gallic acid), ABTS+ scavenging (the highest activity had silychristin: 1,50 ekvivalents of vitamin C), inhibition of microsomal lipid peroxidation (the highest activity had 2,3-dehydrosilybin: IC50 = 10,6 µM),...