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1
ZONG, HONG-SHI, and WEI-MIN SUN. "A MODEL STUDY OF THE EQUATION OF STATE OF QCD." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 22 (2008): 3591–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08040457.
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In this paper, we give a direct method for calculating the partition function, and hence the equation of state (EOS) of QCD at finite chemical potential and zero temperature. In the EOS derived in this paper, the pressure density is the sum of two terms: the first term [Formula: see text] (the pressure density at μ = 0) is a μ-independent constant; the second term, which is totally determined by G[μ](p) (the dressed quark propagator at finite μ), contains all the nontrivial μ-dependence. By applying a general result in the rainbow-ladder approximation of the Dyson–Schwinger approach obtained in our previous study, Phys. Rev. C71, 015205 (2005), G[μ](p) is calculated from the model quark propagator proposed in Phys. Rev. D20, 2947 (1979). From this the full analytic expression of the EOS of QCD at finite μ and zero T is obtained. A comparison between our EOS and the cold, perturbative EOS of QCD of Fraga, Pisarski and Schaffner-Bielich is made. It is expected that our EOS can provide a possible new approach for the study of neutron stars. In the final part of this paper, our method is generalized to the case of finite temperature and the EOS of QCD at finite μ and T is derived. A comparison is made between the EOS derived in this paper and the EOS obtained in previous literatures by directly generalizing the CJT effective action at μ = 0 and T = 0 to finite μ and finite T.
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Bora, Jyatsnasree, and Umananda Dev Goswami. "Radial oscillations and gravitational wave echoes of strange stars for various equations of state." Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 502, no. 2 (2021): 1557–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab050.
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ABSTRACT We study the radial oscillations of non-rotating strange stars (SSs) and their characteristic echo frequencies for three equations of state (EoS), viz., MIT Bag model EoS, linear EoS, and polytropic EoS. The frequencies of radial oscillations of these compact stars are computed for these EoSs. In total, 22 lowest radial frequencies for each of these three EoSs have been computed. First, for each EoS, we have integrated Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations numerically to calculate the radial and pressure perturbations of SSs. Next, the mass–radius relationships for these stars are obtained using these three EoSs. Then the radial frequencies of oscillations for these EoSs are calculated. Further, the characteristic gravitational wave echo frequencies and the repetition of echo frequencies of SSs are computed for these EoSs. Our numerical results show that the radial frequencies and also echo frequencies vastly depend on the model and on the value of the model parameter. Our results also show that the radial frequencies of strange stars are maximum for polytropic EoS in comparison to MIT Bag model EoS and linear EoS. Moreover, SSs with MIT Bag model EoS and linear EoS are found to emit gravitational wave echoes. Whereas, SSs with polytropic EoS are not emitting gravitational wave echoes.
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Gedela, Satyanarayana, Neeraj Pant, R. P. Pant, and Jaya Upreti. "Relativistic anisotropic model of strange star SAX J1808.4-3658 admitting quadratic equation of state." International Journal of Modern Physics A 34, no. 29 (2019): 1950179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x19501793.
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In this paper, we study the behavior of static spherically symmetric relativistic model of the strange star SAX J1808.4-3658 by exploring a new exact solution for anisotropic matter distribution. We analyze the comprehensive structure of the space–time within the stellar configuration by using the Einstein field equations amalgamated with quadratic equation of state (EoS). Further, we compare solutions of quadratic EoS model with modified Bose–Einstein condensation EoS and linear EoS models which can be generated by a suitable choice of parameters in quadratic EoS model. Subsequently, we compare the properties of strange star SAX J1808.4-3658 for all the three EoS models with the help of graphical representations.
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Wang, Peng, Qing Ye, Xiaoxi Duan, et al. "Equation of state of tungsten-doped carbon based on QEOS model for laser fusion." AIP Advances 12, no. 10 (2022): 105204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0113464.
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Tungsten-doped diamond is employed as a promising ablator material in high-gain laser fusion target design. Unlike for pure carbon, reports on the equation of state (EOS) of tungsten-doped carbon are limited, particularly in the high-pressure range over Mbar, which is relevant to laser fusion. To complement the radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of laser fusion, we developed the EOS of tungsten-doped carbon by combining the quotidian EOS model and large-scale atomistic simulations, which provide fundamental material parameters. In this manner, the EOS of doped carbon can be efficiently constructed. The influence of tungsten doping on the diamond material parameters and EOS was observed. The application of the developed EOS was shown via typical radiation-hydrodynamic simulations of laser fusion.
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Peng, Yong, Yun Fei Mao, Bo Wang, and Bo Xie. "Study on C–S and P–R EOS in pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann model for two-phase flows." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 09 (2017): 1750120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117501200.
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Equations of State (EOS) is crucial in simulating multiphase flows by the pseudo-potential lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). In the present study, the Peng and Robinson (P–R) and Carnahan and Starling (C–S) EOS in the pseudo-potential LBM with Exact Difference Method (EDM) scheme for two-phase flows have been compared. Both of P–R and C–S EOS have been used to study the two-phase separation, surface tension, the maximum two-phase density ratio and spurious currents. The study shows that both of P–R and C–S EOS agree with the analytical solutions although P–R EOS may perform better. The prediction of liquid phase by P–R EOS is more accurate than that of air phase and the contrary is true for C–S EOS. Predictions by both of EOS conform with the Laplace’s law. Besides, adjustment of surface tension is achieved by adjusting [Formula: see text]. The P–R EOS can achieve larger maximum density ratio than C–S EOS under the same [Formula: see text]. Besides, no matter the C–S EOS or the P–R EOS, if [Formula: see text] tends to 0.5, the computation is prone to numerical instability. The maximum spurious current for P–R is larger than that of C–S. The multiple-relaxation-time LBM still can improve obviously the numerical stability and can achieve larger maximum density ratio.
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Wissing, Robert, and David Hobbs. "A new equation of state applied to planetary impacts." Astronomy & Astrophysics 635 (March 2020): A21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201935814.
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We present a new analytical equation of state (EOS), which correctly models high pressure theory and fits well to the experimental data of ɛ-Fe, SiO2, Mg2SiO4, and the Earth. The cold part of the EOS is modeled after the Varpoly EOS. The thermal part is based on a new formalism of the Gruneisen parameter, which improves behavior from earlier models and bridges the gap between elasticity and thermoelasticity. The EOS includes an expanded state model, which allows for the accurate modeling of material vapor curves. The EOS is compared to both the Tillotson EOS and ANEOS model, which are both widely used in planetary impact simulations. The complexity and cost of the EOS is similar to that of the Tillotson EOS, while showing improved behavior in every aspect. The Hugoniot state of shocked silicate material is captured relatively well and our model reproduces vapor curves similar to that of the ANEOS model. To test its viability in hydrodynamical simulations, the EOS was applied to the lunar-forming impact scenario and the results are presented in Paper II and show good agreement with previous work.
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Lighuda, Avirt S., Jefta M. Sunzu, Sunil D. Maharaj, and Eunice W. Mureithi. "Charged stellar model with three layers." Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics 21, no. 12 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1674-4527/21/12/310.
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Abstract We establish new charged stellar models from the Einstein-Maxwell field equations for relativistic superdense objects outfitted with three layers. The core layer is described by a linear equation of state (EoS) describing quark matter, while the intermediate layer is described by a Bose-Einstein condensate EoS for Bose-Einstein condensate matter and the envelope layers satisfying a quadratic EoS for the neutron fluid. We have specified a new choice of the electric field and one of the metric potentials. It is interesting to note that the choice of electric field in this model can be set to vanish and we can regain earlier neutral models. Plots generated depict that the matter variables, gravitational potentials and other physical conditions are consistent with astrophysical studies. The interior layers and exterior boundary are also matched.
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ZHAO, A.-MENG, JING CAO, LIU-JUN LUO, WEI-MIN SUN, and HONG-SHI ZONG. "THE EQUATION OF STATE OF QUASI-PARTICLE MODEL OF QUARK–GLUON PLASMA AT FINITE CHEMICAL POTENTIAL." Modern Physics Letters A 25, no. 01 (2010): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732310031361.
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In this letter we propose a new method of calculating the equation of state (EOS) of quasi-particle model of quark–gluon plasma at finite chemical potential. In the quasi-particle model the quark propagator has the form of a free quark propagator with a temperature and density dependent effective mass. From this quark propagator the EOS at finite chemical potential is calculated using the model-independent formula proposed in Refs. 16 and 17. A comparison between our EOS and the cold, perturbative EOS of QCD proposed in Ref. 23 is made.
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Chen, Tsai, Lin, et al. "Risk Model Assessment in Early-Onset and Adult-Onset Schizophrenia Using Neurological Soft Signs." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (2019): 1443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091443.
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Age at onset is one of the most important clinical features of schizophrenia that could indicate greater genetic loadings. Neurological soft signs (NSS) are considered as a potential endophenotype for schizophrenia. However, the association between NSS and different age-onset schizophrenia still remains unclear. We aimed to compare risk model in patients with early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) and adult-onset schizophrenia (AOS) with NSS. This study included 262 schizophrenia patients, 177 unaffected first-degree relatives and 243 healthy controls. We estimated the discriminant abilities of NSS models for early-onset schizophrenia (onset age < 20) and adult-onset schizophrenia (onset age ≥ 20) using three data mining methods: artificial neural networks (ANN), decision trees (DT) and logistic regression (LR). We then assessed the magnitude of NSS performance in EOS and AOS families. For the four NSS subscales, the NSS performance were greater in EOS and AOS families compared with healthy individuals. More interestingly, there were significant differences found between patients’ families and control group in the four subscales of NSS. These findings support the potential for neurodevelopmental markers to be used as schizophrenia vulnerability indicators. The NSS models had higher discriminant abilities for EOS than for AOS. NSS were more accurate in distinguishing EOS patients from healthy controls compared to AOS patients. Our results support the neurodevelopmental hypothesis that EOS has poorer performance of NSS than AOS. Hence, poorer NSS performance may be imply trait-related NSS feature in EOS.
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Mentzer, Katherine L., and J. Luc Peterson. "Neural network surrogate models for equations of state." Physics of Plasmas 30, no. 3 (2023): 032704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0126708.
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Equation of state (EOS) data provide necessary information for accurate multiphysics modeling, which is necessary for fields such as inertial confinement fusion. Here, we suggest a neural network surrogate model of energy and entropy and use thermodynamic relationships to derive other necessary thermodynamic EOS quantities. We incorporate phase information into the model by training a phase classifier and using phase-specific regression models, which improves the modal prediction accuracy. Our model predicts energy values to 1% relative error and entropy to 3.5% relative error in a log-transformed space. Although sound speed predictions require further improvement, the derived pressure values are accurate within 10% relative error. Our results suggest that neural network models can effectively model EOS for inertial confinement fusion simulation applications.
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Chen, Xiu Fang. "Computation for Equation of States of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3 Perovskite Based on Mie-Grüneisen-Debye Model." Advanced Materials Research 1046 (October 2014): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1046.76.
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In this paper, the thermal equation of state (EOS) of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3is computed by Birch-Murnaghan and Mie-Grüneisen-Debye equations and the related parameters are also analyzed. The value of and has little effect on EOS of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3perovskite. The effect of EOS of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3perovskite is mainly from the temperature under high pressure. The temperature is higher; the deviation of EOS relative to the PREM model is bigger. The thermal EOS complies with PREM model at T=2000K. The thermal pressure of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3perovskite a constant only related to temperature at the lower mantle conditions. At the same time, the EOS of (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3perovskite is insensitive to the data of and at T=2000K, but when and the thermal EOS is more agreement with PREM model. That is to say, when the value of the and is in the range of 253~273 GPa and 3.69~4.23, (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3is the perovskite phase, and (Mg0.92, Fe0.08)SiO3perovskite structure remains stable at the mantle conditions.
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Gu, Zhi-Yue, Shuang-Zheng Jia, Song Liu, and Jin-Hua Leng. "Endometrial Organoids: A New Model for the Research of Endometrial-Related Diseases†." Biology of Reproduction 103, no. 5 (2020): 918–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolre/ioaa124.
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Abstract An ideal research model plays a vital role in studying the pathogenesis of a disease. At present, the most widely used endometrial disease models are cell lines and animal models. As a novel studying model, organoids have already been applied for the study of various diseases, such as disorders related to the liver, small intestine, colon, and pancreas, and have been extended to the endometrium. After a long period of exploration by predecessors, endometrial organoids (EOs) technology has gradually matured and maintained genetic and phenotypic stability after long-term expansion. Compared with cell lines and animal models, EOs have high stability and patient specificity. These not only effectively and veritably reflects the pathophysiology of a disease, but also can be used in preclinical drug screening, combined with patient derived xenografts (PDXs). Indeed, there are still many limitations for EOs. For example, the co-culture system of EOs with stromal cells, immune cell, or vascular cells is not mature, and endometrial cancer organoids have a lower success rate, which should be improved in the future. The investigators predict that EOs will play a significant role in the study of endometrium-related diseases.
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Wang, Lulu, Meijie Yu, Shiwei Ding, et al. "Zebrafish models for the evaluation of essential oils (EOs)." Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods 15, no. 4 (2023): 156–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15586/qas.v15i4.1384.
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Essential oils (EOs) derived from crops, especially aromatic plants, have been well-acknowledged to provide several health benefits for humans. Zebrafish as an unprecedented tool has been widely used as an excellent verte-brate model in labs owing to its many useful characteristics. Its applications for rapidly and economically screening and identifying toxicity, safety, and bioactivity of EOs may serve to meet the rising demand for nutraceuticals, food supplements, and natural cosmetics. In this study, we summarized the research progress of zebrafish models in evaluating EOs. In addition, toxicity, safety, and various bioactivities of EOs were summarized using a wide variety of readily applicable zebrafish models covering antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, angiogenesis inhibition, neuromodulation, anesthesia, anti-melanogenesis, analgesic activities, etc. In conclusion, zebrafish is a valuable animal model for evaluating the bioactivity and safety of EOs, and using such a model may contribute to speeding up the identification of novel EOs with potential health functions and quality assessment, which in turn boosts the recognition of aromatic plants as important industrial crops and encourages a healthier way of life.
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SCOLLARD, JOHANN, GILLIAN A. FRANCIS, and DAVID O'BEIRNE. "Effects of Essential Oil Treatment, Gas Atmosphere, and Storage Temperature on Listeria monocytogenes in a Model Vegetable System." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 6 (2009): 1209–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.6.1209.
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Natural antimicrobials such as plant essential oils (EOs) may be useful for controlling pathogenic bacteria on fresh-cut vegetables. The antilisterial properties of EOs (thyme, oregano, and rosemary), in combination with different storage atmospheres (air, 5% CO2–2% O2–93% N2, and 20% CO2–1% O2–79% N2) and temperatures (4 and 8°C), were examined using a gas flow-through system combined with a vegetable agar model. The antimicrobial effects of the EOs varied depending on the oil, the Listeria strain and species, the method of application, and the storage conditions tested. Using the disk diffusion assay, the antilisterial effectiveness of the oils was in the following order: thyme EO &gt; oregano EO &gt; rosemary EO. Volatiles released from the EOs resulted in very small antilisterial effects, indicating that the oils needed to be in direct contact with cultures in order to be effective. There were strain and species effects, with L. innocua NCTC 11288 exhibiting the strongest resistance to EOs, and L. monocytogenes NCTC 7973 being the most sensitive strain. In addition, the effectiveness of the EOs was influenced by storage atmosphere and temperature. Use of EOs in combination with a gas atmosphere of 20% CO2–1% O2–79% N2 had the greatest antilisterial effect, suggesting that high CO2 atmospheres enhanced the antilisterial properties of EOs. Lowering the storage temperature from 8 to 4°C improved the antilisterial activity of thyme oil. It is concluded that thyme and oregano EOs display strong inhibitory effects against Listeria and that increasing CO2 levels and lowering storage temperatures further enhance these antilisterial effects.
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Jawad, Abdul, Shamaila Rani, Ines G. Salako, and Faiza Gulshan. "Cosmological study in loop quantum cosmology through dark energy model." International Journal of Modern Physics D 26, no. 02 (2017): 1750007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271817500079.
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The interacting generalized ghost version of pilgrim dark energy (GGPDE) is discussed in the framework of loop quantum cosmology (LQC). We analyze the behavior of cosmological parameters (Hubble, equation of state (EoS), deceleration) and cosmological planes ([Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text]) in the present scenario ([Formula: see text] represents the EoS parameter and [Formula: see text] indicates the evolution of the EoS parameter, [Formula: see text],[Formula: see text] are statefinder parameters). It is observed that the deceleration parameter corresponds to the accelerated expansion of the universe. The EoS parameter lies in vacuum and phantom regions for all cases of [Formula: see text] (pilgrim dark energy (PDE) parameter). The [Formula: see text] plane lies in thawing region for all cases of [Formula: see text]. The [Formula: see text] plane corresponds to [Formula: see text] cold dark matter (CDM) and Chaplygin gas model. We have also mentioned the constraints on calculated cosmological parameters and found that all the trajectories of cosmological parameters and planes show the consistence behavior with the observational schemes.
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Unnikrishnan, Umesh, Joseph C. Oefelein, and Vigor Yang. "Subgrid modeling of the filtered equation of state with application to real-fluid turbulent mixing at supercritical pressures." Physics of Fluids 34, no. 6 (2022): 065112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0088074.
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Simulation of turbulent mixing and combustion at supercritical pressures requires the use of a real-fluid equation of state (EOS) to represent the nonideal, nonlinear thermodynamic behavior of fluids under these conditions. The simplified representation of the filtered EOS in the large eddy simulation methodology introduces inconsistencies in the computed filtered thermodynamic state. This study investigates these inconsistencies and novel subgrid modeling approaches to address these issues, using high-resolution direct numerical simulation of a transcritical mixing layer. Errors incurred by not accounting for subgrid effects in the EOS are quantified, and fundamental insights are drawn regarding the nature of these effects. Then, different modeling approaches are proposed and investigated to obtain a more accurate representation of the filtered EOS. The evaluation of the filtered EOS in terms of the Reynolds-filtered state variables is considered instead of the conventional Favre-filtered variables. A dynamic gradient model is formulated by building upon the ideas of dynamic modeling to render a functional form for the subgrid EOS expressed in terms of the resolved flow gradients. A scale-similarity model formulation for the subgrid EOS is also constructed and examined. Finally, a model for the filtered EOS is derived using a presumed filtered density function that accounts for the effect of subgrid-scale fluctuations. The performance of each model is evaluated using various metrics, and the relative accuracy of each modeling approach is compared and contrasted at different filter sizes.
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Putra, Dike Fitriansyah, Muhammad Zaidi Jaafar, Ayyi Husbani, Hasan Ali Ma’sum, and Muhammad Fadhil. "A Case Study: Determination of Physical Properties of The Reservoir Fluid “Pse” Field Using The EOS and Black Oil Model on Commercial PVT Software." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 47, no. 3 (2024): 177–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.47.3.1632.
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Lapangan PSE, yang terletak di Cekungan Sumatra Tengah, menghadapi tantangan signifikan akibat data sifat fluida yang tidak lengkap dan usang dari sumur X, di mana pengukuran terakhir dilakukan pada tahun 1992. Kurangnya data fluida yang komprehensif menghambat karakterisasi reservoir yang akurat, yang sangat penting untuk mengoptimalkan strategi produksi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengatasi kekurangan tersebut dengan menggunakan perangkat lunak karakterisasi fluida termodinamika (PVTp) untuk menghasilkan data fluida yang andal, melalui perbandingan antara model Persamaan Keadaan (Equation of State, EOS) dan model Black Oil. Metodologi penelitian mencakup penerapan dua model prediksi sifat fluida: model EOS dan model Black Oil. Model EOS, yang berbasis pada prinsip-prinsip termodinamika, dievaluasi terhadap model Black Oil yang bersifat empiris. Kedua model tersebut dievaluasi berdasarkan parameter kunci seperti tekanan jenuh (Psat), rasio gas-minyak (GOR), faktor volume formasi (FVF), densitas, dan viskositas. Persentase rata-rata kesalahan absolut (AAE%) digunakan sebagai tolok ukur kinerja model. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa model EOS secara konsisten lebih unggul dibandingkan model Black Oil, dengan AAE% rata-rata 1,2%, dibandingkan dengan 10,94% pada model Black Oil. Untuk parameter spesifik, metode EOS mencapai AAE% sebesar 0% untuk Psat, 0,81% untuk volume relatif, 3,7% untuk GOR, 1,4% untuk FVF, dan 0,1% untuk densitas. Sebaliknya, metode Black Oil menunjukkan kesalahan yang jauh lebih tinggi, terutama pada GOR (40,6%) dan FVF (7,7%). Hasil ini menegaskan bahwa model EOS lebih akurat dalam memprediksi sifat fluida dengan kesalahan minimal. Kebaruan dari penelitian ini terletak pada studi kasus yang terfokus di Cekungan Sumatra Tengah, di mana data sifat fluida sebelumnya sangat terbatas. Penelitian ini menunjukkan keterbatasan model Black Oil dalam reservoir yang kompleks, di mana penyesuaian terhadap data laboratorium diperlukan, serta menempatkan model EOS sebagai alternatif yang lebih andal untuk karakterisasi fluida yang akurat. Manfaat utama dari penelitian ini adalah kontribusi praktisnya terhadap teknik reservoir, dengan menyediakan pendekatan yang tervalidasi untuk pemodelan fluida yang dapat meningkatkan pengambilan keputusan pada lapangan dengan data terbatas serupa. Studi ini tidak hanya mengatasi tantangan langsung dari sumur X, tetapi juga menetapkan preseden untuk upaya pemodelan fluida di masa depan, serta menyarankan bahwa industri perlu mempertimbangkan untuk beralih dari metode Black Oil tradisional ke simulasi berbasis EOS yang lebih akurat
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Gonçalves, Gonçalo, Márcio Ferreira, João Aveiro, et al. "Machine-learning Love: classifying the equation of state of neutron stars with transformers." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2023, no. 12 (2023): 001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2023/12/001.
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Abstract The use of the Audio Spectrogram Transformer (AST) model for gravitational-wave data analysis is investigated. The AST machine-learning model is a convolution-free classifier that captures long-range global dependencies through a purely attention-based mechanism. In this paper a model is applied to a simulated dataset of inspiral gravitational wave signals from binary neutron star coalescences, built from five distinct, cold equations of state (EOS) of nuclear matter. From the analysis of the mass dependence of the tidal deformability parameter for each EOS class it is shown that the AST model achieves a promising performance in correctly classifying the EOS purely from the gravitational wave signals, especially when the component masses of the binary system are in the range [1,1.5]M ⊙. Furthermore, the generalization ability of the model is investigated by using gravitational-wave signals from a new EOS not used during the training of the model, achieving fairly satisfactory results. Overall, the results, obtained using the simplified setup of noise-free waveforms, show that the AST model, once trained, might allow for the instantaneous inference of the cold nuclear matter EOS directly from the inspiral gravitational-wave signals produced in binary neutron star coalescences
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PANDEY, B. K., ANJANI K. PANDEY, and CHANDRA KUMAR SINGH. "THEORETICAL PREDICTION OF ELASTIC CONSTANTS FOR MgO." International Journal of Modern Physics: Conference Series 22 (January 2013): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2010194513009884.
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Precise knowledge of the elastic properties of MgO periclase, under high-pressure condition is therefore crucial for constructing the accurate mineralogical model of the Earth's lower mantle. In present work an attempt has been done to calculate the pressure dependence elastic properties such as isothermal bulk modules (KT), Young's modulus of elasticity Y and shearing stress G for geophysical MgO by using three deferent phenomenological EOS viz. the Born-Mayer EOS, Murnaghan EOS and Birch EOS. The result shows that the value of elastic parameter as calculated by using Murnughan EOS and Birch EOS shows close agreement with each other while Born-Mayer EOS shows deviation in calculated values.
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Wu, Zongduo, Dapeng Zhang, Jin Yan, Jianhua Pang, and Yifang Sun. "Numerical Simulation of Shock Wave in Gas–Water Interaction Based on Nonlinear Shock Wave Velocity Curve." Mathematics 12, no. 20 (2024): 3268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math12203268.
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In a gas–water interaction problem, the nonlinear relationship between shock wave velocity is introduced into a Hugoniot curve, and a Mie–Grüneisen Equation of state (EOS) is established by setting the Hugoiot curve as the reference state. Unlike other simple EOS based on the thermodynamics laws of gas (such as the Tait EOS), the Mie–Grüneisen EOS uses reference states to cover an adiabatic impact relationship and considers the thermodynamics law separately. However, the expression of the EOS becomes complex, and it is not adaptive to many methods. A multicomponent Mie–Grüneisen mixture model is employed in this study to conquer the difficulty of the complex form of an EOS. In this model, some coefficients in the Mie–Grüneisen EOS are regarded as variables and solved using newly constructed equations. The performance of the Mie–Grüneisen mixture model in the gas–water problem is tested by low-compression cases and high-compression cases. According to these two tests, it is found that the numerical solutions of the shock wave under the Mie–Grüneisen EOS agrees with empirical data. When compared to other simple-form EOSs, it is seen that the Mie–Grüneisen EOS has slight advantages in the low-compression case, but it plays an important role in the high-compression case. The comparison results show that the solution of the simple-form EOS clearly disagrees with the empirical data. A further study shows that the gap between the Mie–Grüneisen EOS and other simple-form EOSs becomes larger as the initial pressure and particle velocity increase. The impact effects on the pressure, density and particle velocity are studied. Moreover, the gas–water interaction in a spherical coordinate plane and a two-dimensional coordinate is a significant part of our work.
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Ghazanfari Mojarrad, M., and R. Arabsaeidi. "Hyperon-rich matter in a two-solar-mass neutron star within the Thomas-Fermi approximation." International Journal of Modern Physics E 25, no. 12 (2016): 1650102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301316501020.
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The equation of state (EOS) of hyperon-rich matter for neutron stars (NSs) is investigated in a semi-classical mean-field (MF) model. We present a new generalized baryon–baryon interaction in phase space to derive the EOS by the Thomas–Fermi approximation. Our findings have profound consequences for the structure and properties of NSs. Within this statistical model, the EOS of NS matter with hyperons is stiff enough. Consequently, the results for the maximum mass of NSs are consistent with [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text]. It is also revealed that the hyperon–hyperon interactions slightly soften the EOS.
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Kumar, Yogesh. "Equation of state of quark-gluon plasma using a simple phenomenological model." EPJ Web of Conferences 182 (2018): 02070. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818202070.
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The equation of state (EoS) of quark-gluon plasma (QGP) using a phenomenological model is studied in which finite value of quark mass is modified as effective mass. The effective mass of these quasiparticle generated due to the interaction of quarks and gluons with the surrounding matter in the medium. The model results provide EoS of QGP which are in good agreement and found almost similar results to the earlier theoretical results. This model is successfully applied to the description of the properties of quark-gluon plasma created in the collision of nucleons. Thus, the effective mass of quark shows the useful information to study the EoS of QGP in high energy heavy-ion collisions.
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Mobtaker, Azadeh, Julio Montecinos, Mustapha Ouhimmou, and Mikael Rönnqvist. "Integrated forest harvest planning and road-building model with consideration of economies of scale." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 50, no. 10 (2020): 989–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2019-0380.
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We consider the problem of tactical forest management over a 5-year horizon with yearly periods. The main decisions made consider which harvest areas to cut in each period, the flow of timber from an area to each wood-processing mill to satisfy its annual demand, and which roads to build to access a harvest area not connected to the existing road network. The goal is to minimize the total transportation and road-building costs subject to budget limitations. To explore the benefits of economies of scale (EOS) in road construction, we incorporated this notion in the proposed model. Then, the efficiency of the obtained solution is compared with the model without EOS. The proposed model is a mixed-integer linear program, including several timber assortments and multiple periods. We validated the model for a realistic case in the context of the province of Quebec. The results demonstrate that consideration of EOS significantly reduces the total cost by about 5.3%. In the EOS solution, the road segments that are built every year are very concentrated in specific parts of the region, allowing a road-building company to take advantage of EOS. Moreover, this solution provides a much more efficient timber transportation plan.
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Pokhrel, Srijana, Kaitlin A. Read, Devin M. Jones, Michael D. Powell, Robert T. Warren, and Kenneth J. Oestreich. "Eos regulates IL-7 signaling and central memory T cell differentiation." Journal of Immunology 208, no. 1_Supplement (2022): 57.04. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.57.04.
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Abstract CD4+ central memory T cells (TCM) are key players in recall immune responses and thus are critical to long-term immunity. Despite their importance, much remains to be defined regarding the mechanisms that promote their differentiation and survival. Ikaros zinc finger (IkZF) transcription factors are known regulators of T and B cell differentiation programs. To date, the IkZF factor Eos has been mainly linked to regulatory T cell suppressive functions. Now, we have found that Eos is expressed at elevated levels in CD4+ TCM populations. Comparison between WT and Eos-deficient T cells in a murine model of influenza infection revealed a decrease in the percentage of CD4+ TCM cells in the absence of Eos, suggesting that Eos promotes TCM differentiation and/or survival. Using an established in vitro model of CD4+ TCM-like cell differentiation, we found that loss of Eos correlated with reduced expression of genes encoding key TCM transcription factors and cell surface markers. Further, Eos deficiency resulted in decreased STAT5 activation downstream of IL-7 signaling, a known positive regulator of TCM populations. In WT cells, IL-7 treatment increased Eos expression, suggesting a positive feed-forward relationship exists between Eos expression and IL-7/STAT5 signaling. Overall, our findings demonstrate that Eos is an important regulator of TCM populations. Understanding the mechanisms by which Eos regulates TCM function and survival may therefore be of interest in exploiting TCM protection against re-infection for therapeutic benefit. Supported by a grant from NIAID (NIH- R01 AI134972) and funds through The Ohio State University College of Medicine
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Huseynov, Mehdi, Natig Hamidov, and Jabrayil Eyvazov. "Construction of Numerical PVT-Models for the Bulla-Daniz Gas-Condensate Field Based on Laboratory Experiments on Reservoir Fluid Samples." European Journal of Applied Science, Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (2024): 26–33. https://doi.org/10.59324/ejaset.2024.2(1).04.
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PVT analysis is important for field-wide optimization and development. This is because we must understand the fluid's overall behavior from the reservoir to the production and processing facilities, and ultimately to the refinery. Modern computer software that uses equation of state (EOS) models to simulate experiments and illustrate fluid phase characteristics has contributed to its growth as a distinct field of study. To find the operating parameters that will maximize the surface liquid content and prolong the production plateau duration at the lowest feasible cost, PVT simulations are run. These simulations employ laboratory-derived data to fine-tune the EOS models, with the outcomes being integrated into reservoir simulation and research. The quality of the data is crucial to getting a good match between EOS and laboratory data, and for retrograde gas condensates, this can be particularly difficult because of their complex phase behavior. When utilized in reservoir simulations, an inadequate match leads to computational mistakes and unrepresentative findings, endangering the reservoir management decisions that depend on it.
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Bandhaso, David, Arif Lukmantoro, and Sholihun Sholihun. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF EOS (EQUATION OF STATES) MODELS FOR FITTING ENERGY VERSUS VOLUME DATA IN THERMODYNAMICS." JOURNAL ONLINE OF PHYSICS 9, no. 2 (2024): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/jop.v9i2.31973.
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One of the essential aspects of material design research is studying the stability of the model designed. In Thermodynamics, material stability can be expressed by the equation of state (EOS). However, not all EoS will fit with the energy versus volume data from the material being designed. Moreover, if the materials prepared have a unique structure, more factors need to be considered so that the data fitting is carried out more precisely. In this research, a comparative study of 1 mathematical approach (second order polynomial) and 4 EoS (Murnaghan EoS, Birch EoS, Birch EoS, Birch-Murnaghan EoS, and Vinet EoS) was carried out for fitting energy versus volume data on 3D (bulk) and 2D materials. obtained from density functional theory (DFT) calculations. This research found that fitting energy versus volume data in 3D material models can be done using second-order polynomials. In contrast, for 2D models, only two EoS fit (Birch-Murnaghan and Vinet). Apart from that, the result is that the Vinet equation of state is an equation that has the smallest tolerance value in the range of 10-4 - 10-10 eV
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Valková, Veronika, Hana Ďúranová, Lucia Galovičová, Eva Ivanišová, and Miroslava Kačániová. "Evaluation of vapor-phase antifungal activities of selected plant essential oils against fungal strains growing on bread food model." Potravinarstvo Slovak Journal of Food Sciences 15 (March 28, 2021): 210–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5219/1483.
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The current study aimed to investigate antifungal activities of two commercially available essential oils (EOs), specifically Tea tree oil (Melaleuca alternifolia; TTEO) and St. John's wort oil (Hypericum perforatum; HPEO) against three Penicillium (P.) species: P. citrinum, P. expansum, and P. crustosum in in situ conditions. For this purpose, EOs were applied in the vapor phase to determine the growth inhibition of fungi artificially inoculated on sliced bread. Changes in colony growth rate were evaluated as markers for the mycelial growth inhibition (MGI) effect of the EOs. The antioxidant activities of the EOs were evaluated using the DPPH method. The moisture content (MC) and water activity (aw) of bread as a substrate for fungal growth were also measured. From the DPPH assay, we have found that both EOs (TTEO, HPEO) exhibited strong antioxidant activity (64.94 ±7.34%; 70.36 ±1.57%, respectively). The values for bread MC and aw were 43.01 ±0.341% and 0.947 ±0.006, respectively. Our results suggest that HPEO is the only weak inhibitor of P. citrinum and P. crustosum colony growths. Also, the highest concentrations of TTEO display only the weak capability of mycelial growth inhibition of P. citrinum and P. crustosum. By contrast, the colony growth of P. expansum was enhanced by both EOs at all levels used. In conclusion, the application of both EOs in the vapor phase against selected Penicillium species seems not to be a promising alternative to chemical inhibitors used for bread preservation.
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Rejovitzky, Elisha. "A mesoscopic model for compression of granular materials." EPJ Web of Conferences 183 (2018): 01054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/201818301054.
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The design of protective structures often requires numerical modeling of shock-wave propagation in the surrounding soils. Properties of the soil such as grain-grading and water-fraction may vary spatially around a structure and among different sites. To better understand how these properties affect wave propagation we study how the meso-structure of soils affects their equation of state (EOS). In this work we present a meso-mechanical model for granular materials based on a simple representation of the grains as solid spheres. Grain-grading is prescribed, and a packing algorithm is used to obtain periodic grain morphologies of tightly packed randomly distributed spheres. The model is calibrated by using experimental data of sand compaction and sound-speed measurements from the literature. We study the effects of graingrading and show that the pressures at low strains exhibit high sensitivity to the level of connectivity between grains. At high strains, the EOS of the bulk material of the grains dominates the behavior of the EOS of the granular material.
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Howard, Mickey, Richard Vidgen, and Philip Powell. "Overcoming Stakeholder Barriers in the Automotive Industry: Building to Order with Extra-Organizational Systems." Journal of Information Technology 18, no. 1 (2003): 27–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0268396031000077431.
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The automotive industry must significantly change its outdated and unprofitable ‘sell-from-stock’ business model to a streamlined ‘build-to-order’ model. Extra-organizational systems (EOS) enable multiple firms to share industry-level systems linked by electronic portals and hubs. Successful EOS implementation requires a coordinated effort among various stakeholders including customers, dealers, vehicle manufacturers, first- and second-tier suppliers and logistics firms. However, each of these stakeholders erects different but significant structural, managerial, user and technical barriers to EOS. This paper analyses these stakeholder barriers and prescribes how they must be managed in order to implement EOS successfully. Three recommendations raise concern over (1) the differentiation between EOS and inter-organizational systems, (2) industry dynamics, particularly the role of suppliers and customers and (3) supply topology, i.e. the importance of World Wide Web services and standards in creating electronic markets.
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REN, JIE, and XIN-HE MENG. "DARK VISCOUS FLUID DESCRIBED BY A UNIFIED EQUATION OF STATE IN COSMOLOGY." International Journal of Modern Physics D 16, no. 08 (2007): 1341–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271807010821.
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We generalize the ΛCDM model by introducing a unified EOS to describe the Universe contents modeled as dark viscous fluid, motivated by the fact that a single constant equation of state (EOS) p = -p0 (p0 > 0) reproduces the ΛCDM model exactly. This EOS describes the perfect fluid term, the dissipative effect, and the cosmological constant in a unique framework and the Friedmann equations can be analytically solved. Especially, we find a relation between the EOS parameter and the renormalizable condition of a scalar field. We develop a completely numerical method to perform a χ2 minimization to constrain the parameters in a cosmological model directly from the Friedmann equations, and employ the SNe data with the parameter [Formula: see text] measured from the SDSS data to constrain our model. The result indicates that the dissipative effect is rather small in the late-time Universe.
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Huang, Chun. "Model-independent Determination of the Tidal Deformability of a 1.4 M ⊙ Neutron Star from Gravitational-wave Measurements." Astrophysical Journal 985, no. 2 (2025): 216. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/add5ef.
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Abstract Tidal deformability of a 1.4 M ⊙ neutron star provides a pivotal window into the physics of dense nuclear matter, bridging gravitational-wave (GW), electromagnetic observations and nuclear physics. In this work, we present a novel, data-driven approach to constrain Λ1.4 without invoking specific equation-of-state (EOS) models. By interpolating directly over the mass–tidal-deformability posteriors from GW170817, we obtain an EOS-independent constraint of Λ 1.4 = 222.8 9 − 98.85 + 420.33 . We further combine these GW-based results with the X-ray EOS-independent constraint from C. Huang, deriving a multimessenger limit of Λ 1.4 = 265.1 8 − 104.38 + 237.88 , which remains largely EOS agnostic. This framework demonstrates that higher-order terms neglected in linear expansion methods do not significantly affect Λ1.4 estimates under current observational uncertainties. As GW detectors improve in sensitivity and more binary neutron-star mergers are discovered, our purely data-driven strategy can serve as a robust standard baseline for extracting neutron-star interior properties without relying on unverified EOS models.
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Liu, Yueliang, Zhehui Jin, and Huazhou Andy Li. "Comparison of Peng-Robinson Equation of State With Capillary Pressure Model With Engineering Density-Functional Theory in Describing the Phase Behavior of Confined Hydrocarbons." SPE Journal 23, no. 05 (2018): 1784–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/187405-pa.
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Summary The Peng-Robinson equation of state (PR-EOS) (Robinson and Peng 1978) with capillary effect has been used extensively to describe the phase behavior of hydrocarbons under nanoconfinement in shale reservoirs. In nanopores, surface adsorption may be significant, and molecular distribution is heterogeneous. Although the PR-EOS cannot consider these effects, statistical thermodynamic approaches such as density-functional theory (DFT) can explicitly consider the intermolecular and fluid/surface interactions. In this work, we compare the phase behavior of pure hydrocarbons and mixtures in nanopores from the PR-EOS with capillary effect and engineering DFT. We apply the Young-Laplace (YL) equation, assuming zero contact angle to calculate the capillary pressure in the PR-EOS with capillary effect. On the other hand, we extend the PR-EOS to inhomogeneous conditions with weighted-density approximation (WDA) in engineering DFT. For pure components, both approaches predict that the dewpoint temperature increases in hydrocarbon-wet nanopores. Although engineering DFT predicts that the confined dewpoint temperature approaches bulk saturation point when pore size approaches 30 nm, the saturation point obtained from the PR-EOS with capillary effect approaches bulk only when the pore size is as large as 1000 nm. With engineering DFT, the critical points in nanopores deviate from those in bulk, but no change is observed from the PR-EOS with capillary-effect model. The difference on the dewpoint temperature between the PR-EOS with capillary effect and engineering DFT decreases as the system pressure approaches the critical pressure. At low-pressure conditions, the PR-EOS with capillary-effect model becomes unreliable. For binary mixtures, both approaches predict that the lower dewpoint decreases and the upper dewpoint increases. More interestingly, phase transition can still occur when the system temperature is higher than the bulk cricondentherm point. Engineering DFT predicts that the confined lower dewpoint approaches bulk when pore size approaches 20 nm, whereas the dewpoint obtained from the PR-EOS with capillary effect approaches bulk only when the pore size is as large as 100 nm. This work illustrates that assuming homogeneous distributions in nanopores may not be appropriate to predict the phase behavior of hydrocarbons under nanoconfinement.
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Mroczek, Debora. "Bayesian analysis of nontrivial features in the speed of sound inside neutron stars in light of astrophysical and pQCD constraints." EPJ Web of Conferences 296 (2024): 03002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202429603002.
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Functional forms of the neutron star Equation of State (EoS) are required to extract the viable EoS band from neutron star observations. Realistic nuclear EoS, containing deconfined quarks or hyperons, present nontrivial features in the speed of sound such as bumps, kinks, and plateaus. Using modified Gaussian processes to model EoS with nontrivial features, we show in a fully Bayesian analysis incorporating measurements from X-ray sources, gravitational wave observations, and perturbative QCD results that these features are compatible with current constraints. We find that nontrivial behavior in the EoS plays a role in understanding the possible phase structure of neutron stars at densities around 2 nsat.
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Atzeni, S., A. Caruso, and V. A. Pais. "Model equation-of-state for any material in conditions relevant to ICF and to stellar interiors." Laser and Particle Beams 4, no. 3-4 (1986): 393–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600002068.
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A simple model Equation-of-State (EOS) for matter in conditions of interest to Inertial Confinement Fusion (ICF) and to Stellar Interiors is developed. It yields pressures and specific energies in good agreement with accurate EOS tabulations, for matter in the density range 10−6 < ρ < 104 g cm−3 and in the temperature range 0 ≤ T < 100 KeV, with the only exception being the liquid and gaseous phases of the undissociated molecular substances.This EOS can be used for any element or mixture, requiring, as input data, only the chemical composition (A, Z, and abundancy of each element of the mixture) and three macroscopic constants of the material.
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Zhou, Wenjie, Jinniu Hu, Ying Zhang, and Hong Shen. "Nonparametric Model for the Equations of State of a Neutron Star from Deep Neural Network." Astrophysical Journal 950, no. 2 (2023): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/acd335.
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Abstract It is of great interest to understand the equation of state (EOS) of the neutron star, whose core includes highly dense matter. However, there are large uncertainties in the theoretical predictions for the EOS of a neutron star. It is useful to develop a new framework, which is flexible enough to consider the systematic error in theoretical predictions and to use them as a best guess at the same time. We employ a deep neural network to perform a nonparametric fit of the EOS of a neutron star using currently available data. In this framework, the Gaussian process is applied to represent the EOSs and the training set data required to close physical solutions. Our model is constructed under the assumption that the true EOS of a neutron star is a perturbation of the relativistic mean-field model prediction. We fit the EOSs of neutron star using two different example data sets, which can satisfy the latest constraints from the massive neutron stars, NICER, and the gravitational wave of the binary neutron stars. Given our assumptions, we find that a maximum neutron star mass is 2.38 − 0.13 + 0.15 M ⊙ or 2.41 − 0.14 + 0.15 M ⊙ at the 95% confidence level from two different example data sets. It implies that the 1.4M ⊙ radius is 12.31 − 0.31 + 0.29 or 12.30 − 0.37 + 0.35 km. These results are consistent with results from previous studies using similar priors. It has demonstrated the recovery of the EOS of NS using a nonparametric model.
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Maurya, Dinesh Chandra. "Anisotropic dark energy transit cosmological models with time-dependent ω(t) and redshift-dependent ω(z) EoS parameter". International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 15, № 02 (2018): 1850019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887818500196.
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In the present paper, we have been investigated a new dark energy model in anisotropic Bianchi-type-I (B-I) space-time with redshift-dependent equation of state (EoS) parameter. The Einstein’s field equations have been solved by applying a variation-law for hyperbolic scale factor [Formula: see text] which provides a time-dependent deceleration parameter and time-dependent EoS parameter. We also have been found the redshift-dependent EoS parameter. The existing range of the dark energy EoS parameter [Formula: see text] for derived model is found to be in good agreement with the recent observations. The cosmological constant [Formula: see text] is found to be a decreasing function of time and it approaches a small positive value at the present epoch which is collaborated by results from recent supernovae Ia observations. It has also been suggested that the dark energy that explains the observed accelerating universe may arise due to the contribution to the vacuum energy of the EoS in a time-dependent background. Geometric and Kinematic properties of the model and the behavior of the anisotropy of the dark energy have been discussed.
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Zöllner, Rico, and Burkhard Kämpfer. "Towards a Warm Holographic Equation of State by an Einstein–Maxwell-Dilaton Model." Symmetry 16, no. 8 (2024): 999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym16080999.
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The holographic Einstein–Maxwell-dilaton model is employed to map state-of-the-art lattice QCD thermodynamics data from the temperature (T) axis towards the baryon–chemical potential (μB) axis and aims to gain a warm equation of state (EoS) of deconfined QCD matter which can be supplemented with a cool and confined part suitable for subsequent compact (neutron) star (merger) investigations. The model exhibits a critical end point (CEP) at TCEP=O(100) MeV and μBCEP=500…700 MeV with an emerging first-order phase transition (FOPT) curve which extends to large values of μB without approaching the μB axis. We consider the impact and peculiarities of the related phase structure on the EoS for the employed dilaton potential and dynamical coupling parameterizations. These seem to prevent the design of an overall trustable EoS without recourse to hybrid constructions.
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Abac, Adrian G., and Jose Perico H. Esguerra. "Implications of the generalized uncertainty principle on the Walecka model equation of state and neutron star structure." International Journal of Modern Physics D 30, no. 08 (2021): 2150055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271821500553.
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We explore the implications of the generalized uncertainty principle (GUP) on the nuclear equation of state (EoS) and on the structure of neutron stars. Two approaches of GUP are used: the quadratic GUP approach, satisfying minimal length and the linear GUP approach, satisfying both minimal length and maximal momentum. The resulting invariant phase space volumes from these GUP approaches are applied to the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] or Walecka model, serving as a starting point for neutron matter in the relativistic mean field theory. We find that linear GUP increases the range of energy densities corresponding to instabilities in the [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] EoS, while quadratic GUP decreases it. A stable EoS was constructed from the GUP-modified EoS via Maxwell construction, and this was fed into the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equations and the mass–radius relation of neutron stars was obtained. We observe linear GUP to decrease both the maximum mass and limiting radius of the neutron star, while shifting the whole mass–radius relation to the low-radius regime. Meanwhile, quadratic GUP increases the maximum mass and limiting radius, and the mass-radius relation is shifted to the high-radius regime. The effects that are observed for both GUP modifications in the EoS and mass–radius relations get more prominent as we increase the values of the still unknown GUP parameters.
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Hassan, Mohamed, Timothy Cox, Hanan Ismail, and Mohamed Mowafy. "Phenotypic characterization of new mouse model of class III malocclusion." Egyptian Orthodontic Journal 44, no. 12 (2013): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/eos.2013.78753.
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Paz Ramos, Adrian, Gert Gooris, Joke Bouwstra, Michael Molinari, and Michel Lafleur. "Raman and AFM-IR chemical imaging of stratum corneum model membranes." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 98, no. 9 (2020): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2019-0471.
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Stratum corneum (SC), the outermost layer of the epidermis, is the primary barrier to percutaneous absorption. The diffusion of substances through the skin occurs through the SC lipid fraction, which is essentially constituted of an equimolar mixture of ceramides, free fatty acids, and cholesterol. The lipid constituents of SC are mainly forming continuous multilamellar membranes in the solid/crystalline state. However, recent findings suggest the presence of a highly disordered (liquid) phase formed by the unsaturated C18 chain of ceramide EOS, surrounded by a highly ordered lipid environment. The aim of the present work was to study the lipid spatial distribution of model SC membranes composed of ceramide EOS, ceramide NS, a mixture of free fatty acids, and cholesterol, using Raman microspectroscopy and AFM-IR spectroscopy techniques. The enhanced spatial resolution at the tens of nanometers scale of the AFM-IR technique revealed that the lipid matrix is overall homogeneous, with the presence of small, slightly enriched, and depleted regions in a lipid component. No liquid domains of ceramide EOS were observed at this scale, a result that is consistent with the model proposing that the oleate nanodrops are concentrated in the central layer of the three-layer organization of the SC membranes forming the long periodicity phase. In addition, both Raman microspectroscopy and AFM-IR techniques confirmed the fluid nature of the unsaturated chain of ceramide EOS while the rest of the lipid matrix was found highly ordered.
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Li, Shuying, Junbo Pang, Hong Shen, Jinniu Hu, and Kohsuke Sumiyoshi. "Influence of Effective Nucleon Mass on Equation of State for Supernova Simulations and Neutron Stars." Astrophysical Journal 980, no. 1 (2025): 54. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ada6b3.
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Abstract We investigate the influence of the effective nucleon mass on the equation of state (EOS), which is constructed for simulations of core-collapse supernovae and binary neutron star mergers, within the relativistic mean-field (RMF) framework. The study introduces a new RMF parameter set, TM1m, which is a modification of the TM1e model with an adjusted effective mass, maintaining the saturation properties of nuclear matter. The TM1m model, with a larger effective mass ratio (M */M ~ 0.8) compared to the TM1e model (M */M ~ 0.63), is employed to construct a new EOS table, EOS5. This EOS table is designed to offer insights into the influence of the effective nucleon mass on the EOS within a relativistic framework, particularly above the saturation density. The results of EOS5 are compared with those obtained from other models, including both relativistic and nonrelativistic approaches. The properties of cold neutron stars, calculated using the TM1m model, are compatible with the existence of a 2 M ⊙ pulsar and the latest constraints on the tidal deformability and radii of a canonical 1.4 M ⊙ neutron star, derived from astrophysical observations.
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Takahashi, Suguru, Eiji Ohtani, Daijo Ikuta, et al. "Thermal Equation of State of Fe3C to 327 GPa and Carbon in the Core." Minerals 9, no. 12 (2019): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9120744.
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The density and sound velocity structure of the Earth’s interior is modeled on seismological observations and is known as the preliminary reference Earth model (PREM). The density of the core is lower than that of pure Fe, which suggests that the Earth’s core contains light elements. Carbon is one plausible light element that may exist in the core. We determined the equation of state (EOS) of Fe3C based on in situ high-pressure and high-temperature X-ray diffraction experiments using a diamond anvil cell. We obtained the P–V data of Fe3C up to 327 GPa at 300 K and 70–180 GPa up to around 2300 K. The EOS of nonmagnetic (NM) Fe3C was expressed by two models using two different pressure scales and the third-order Birch–Murnaghan EOS at 300 K with the Mie–Grüneisen–Debye EOS under high-temperature conditions. The EOS can be expressed with parameters of V0 = 148.8(±1.0) Å3, K0 = 311.1(±17.1) GPa, K0′ = 3.40(±0.1), γ0 = 1.06(±0.42), and q = 1.92(±1.73), with a fixed value of θ0 = 314 K using the KBr pressure scale (Model 1), and V0 = 147.3(±1.0) Å3, K0 = 323.0(±16.6) GPa, K0′ = 3.43(±0.09), γ0 = 1.37(±0.33), and q = 0.98(±1.01), with a fixed value of θ0 = 314 K using the MgO pressure scale (Model 2). The density of Fe3C under inner core conditions (assuming P = 329 GPa and T = 5000 K) calculated from the EOS is compatible with the PREM inner core.
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Logoteta, Domenico, and Ignazio Bombaci. "Constraints on Microscopic and Phenomenological Equations of State of Dense Matter from GW170817." Universe 5, no. 10 (2019): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/universe5100204.
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We discuss the constraints on the equation of state (EOS) of neutron star matter obtained by the data analysis of the neutron star-neutron star merger in the event GW170807. To this scope, we consider two recent microscopic EOS models computed starting from two-body and three-body nuclear interactions derived using chiral perturbation theory. For comparison, we also use three representative phenomenological EOS models derived within the relativistic mean field approach. For each model, we determine the β -stable EOS and then the corresponding neutron star structure by solving the equations of hydrostatic equilibrium in general relativity. In addition, we calculate the tidal deformability parameters for the two neutron stars and discuss the results of our calculations in connection with the constraints obtained from the gravitational wave signal in GW170817. We find that the tidal deformabilities and radii for the binary’s component neutron stars in GW170817, calculated using a recent microscopic EOS model proposed by the present authors, are in very good agreement with those derived by gravitational waves data.
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Khurshudyan, M., B. Pourhassan, and E. O. Kahya. "Interacting two-component fluid models with varying EoS parameter." International Journal of Geometric Methods in Modern Physics 11, no. 06 (2014): 1450061. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219887814500613.
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In this paper, we consider Universe filled with two-component fluid. We study two different models. In the first model we assume barotropic fluid with the linear equation of state (EoS) as the first component of total fluid. In the second model we assume van der Waals gas as the first component of total fluid. In both models, the second component assumed generalized ghost dark energy. We consider also interaction between components and discuss, numerically, cosmological quantities for two different parametrizations of EoS which varies with time. We consider this as a toy model of our Universe. We fix parameters of the model by using generalized second law of thermodynamics. Comparing our results with some observational data suggests interacting barotropic fluid with EoS parameter [Formula: see text] and generalized ghost dark energy as an appropriate model to describe our Universe.
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Korunur, Murat. "Tsallis holographic dark energy in Bianchi type-III spacetime with scalar fields." Modern Physics Letters A 34, no. 37 (2019): 1950310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732319503103.
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In this paper, we study one of the new dark energy models named Tsallis holographic dark energy (THDE) model considering the Bianchi type-III spacetime model. Considering deceleration parameter, transition from deceleration to acceleration phase happens at [Formula: see text]. The equation of state (EoS) parameter has been found using the Granda–Oliveros (GO) scale. It is found that for [Formula: see text] values, EoS parameter behaves like the quintessence era; for [Formula: see text], EoS parameter behaves like the phantom dark energy and approaches [Formula: see text]CDM model at late-time cosmic acceleration phase. Also, we reconstructed a correspondence between THDE model and some well-known scalar fields, such as tachyon, quintessence and [Formula: see text]-essence. In addition, we evaluated equation of state parameter, kinetic energy and scalar potential versus time.
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Drska, L., and J. Vondrasek. "Some aspects of the unified model of non-ideal high-parameter plasmas: electron EOS and conduction coefficients." Laser and Particle Beams 7, no. 2 (1989): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263034600006005.
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We present two partial models applied in the atomic physics subpackage used in numerical simulations of pulsed-source-driven, non-ideal high-parameter plasmas. These are an electron EOS model and a model for electron conductivity coefficient calculations. The EOS model uses Dharma-Wardana exchange and a correlation correction that depends on both electron density and temperature. The electron thermal and electrical conductivity calculations are based on the Balescu-Lenard equation.
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Rieder, Sadiye, and Ethan Shevach. "The role of Eos in T cell function (P1059)." Journal of Immunology 190, no. 1_Supplement (2013): 121.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.121.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eos, an Ikaros family transcription factor, is preferentially expressed in T regulatory cells (Tregs). Although previous studies have demonstrated that the elimination of Eos by siRNA in Tregs resulted in the loss of their suppressive function both in vitro and in vivo, Tregs from mice with a global deletion of Eos suppress normally in vitro and in the IBD model in vivo. While non-activated T conventional (Tconv) cells fail to express Eos, Eos expression is rapidly upregulated following TCR activation in vitro. TCR activated Tconv cells from Eos deficient (-/-) mice proliferate poorly, but make normal amounts of IL-2. The diminished proliferative response is secondary to a defect in the upregulation of CD25 that is accompanied by a decrease in p-STAT5 and p-S6 levels. Surprisingly, Eos-/- mice develop more severe EAE compared to wild type (WT) mice. Mixed chimeras between WT and EOS-/- bone marrow donors also develop very severe EAE. A greater number of Eos-/- CD4+ T cells than WT CD4+ T cells can be detected in the CNS and they produce higher levels of IL-17 than WT CD4+ T cells. Increased IL-17 production by Eos-/- CD4+ T cells correlates with their defect in IL-2 signaling. While WT Tregs can be detected in the CNS of the chimeric mice, Eos-/- Tregs are not detectable. These studies raise the possibility that Eos negatively regulates the production of IL-17 in Tconv, and may also play an important role in the migration of Tconvs and Tregs.
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Landeo-Villanueva, Guillermo Ernesto, María Elena Salazar-Salvatierra, Julio Reynaldo Ruiz-Quiroz, et al. "Inhibitory Activity of Essential Oils of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus on Biofilms of Streptococcus mutans in an In Vitro Model." Antibiotics 12, no. 2 (2023): 369. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics12020369.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory activity of the commercially available essential oils of Mentha spicata (spearmint) and Eucalyptus globulus (eucalyptus) on Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175 biofilms in vitro, emulating dental plaque conditions. The composition of the essential oils (EOs) was determined using gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), with the main metabolites being Carvone (57.93%) and Limonene (12.91%) for Mentha spicata and 1,8-Cineole (Eucalyptol) (65.83%) for Eucalyptus globulus. The inhibitory activity was evaluated using the methods of agar-well diffusion and colorimetric microdilution. The inhibition halos were 18.3 ± 0.47 mm and 27.0 ± 0.82 mm, and the MICs were 1.8484 mg/mL and 1.9168 mg/mL for the EOs of Mentha spicata and Eucalyptus globulus, respectively. The activity against the biofilms was evaluated on a substrate of bovine enamel pieces using a basal mucin medium (BMM) in anaerobic conditions with daily sucrose exposition cycles in order to emulate oral cavity conditions. The EOs were applied in a concentration of 0.5% in a sterile saline vehicle with 1% polysorbate 20. After 72 h of cultivation, a significant reduction was observed (p < 0.001%) on the biofilm biomass, which was evaluated by its turbidity in suspension and using a count of the recoverable organisms with regards to the control. The effects of the Eos were not significantly distinct from each other. The EOs showed antimicrobial activity against both the Streptococcus mutans planktonic and biofilm cultures. Thus, EOs may have great potential for the development of pharmaceutical and sanitary products for oral health.
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Soma, Shriya, Lingxiao Wang, Shuzhe Shi, Horst Stöcker, and Kai Zhou. "Neural network reconstruction of the dense matter equation of state from neutron star observables." Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics 2022, no. 08 (2022): 071. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/08/071.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The Equation of State (EoS) of strongly interacting cold and hot ultra-dense QCD matter remains a major challenge in the field of nuclear astrophysics. With the advancements in measurements of neutron star masses, radii, and tidal deformabilities, from electromagnetic and gravitational wave observations, neutron stars play an important role in constraining the ultra-dense QCD matter EoS. In this work, we present a novel method that exploits deep learning techniques to reconstruct the neutron star EoS from mass-radius (M-R) observations. We employ neural networks (NNs) to represent the EoS in a model-independent way, within the range of ∼1-7 times the nuclear saturation density. The unsupervised Automatic Differentiation (AD) framework is implemented to optimize the EoS, so as to yield through TOV equations, an M-R curve that best fits the observations. We demonstrate that this method works by rebuilding the EoS on mock data, i.e., mass-radius pairs derived from a randomly generated polytropic EoS. The reconstructed EoS fits the mock data with reasonable accuracy, using just 11 mock M-R pairs observations, close to the current number of actual observations.
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Gokhale, Ameya Sanjeev, and Ethan M. Shevach. "Expression of Eos is critical for T regulatory cell (Treg) survival and function." Journal of Immunology 200, no. 1_Supplement (2018): 47.1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.47.1.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Eos is a transcription factor belonging to the Ikaros transcription factor family and is preferentially expressed in Treg and activated T-conventional (T conv) cells. Our previous studies had shown that young mice with a global deletion of Eos did not appear to have defective Treg. To fully characterize the role of Eos in Treg function, we generated Eosfl/flx Foxp3Cre (Eos cKO) mice. Beginning at 3–4 months of age, both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, as well as Treg in the Eos cKO mice expressed an activated/memory phenotype. The percentage of Tregs in the Eos cKO mice was higher than controls, suggesting that the Eos deficient Tregs were attempting to inhibit the activated immune response. H&E staining revealed severe lymphoid infiltration of lungs, kidneys, liver, small intestine, salivary glands of Eos cKO mice. The autoimmune state in the Eos cKO mice was characterized by enhanced levels of IFN-g production by CD4+ Foxp3− T cells, elevated percentages of T-follicular helper cells, and elevated levels of serum anti-nuclear antibodies. Tregs from Eos cKO mice failed to protect in the IBD transfer model and cKO mice also demonstrated enhanced susceptibility to EAE. Nevertheless, the in vitro suppressive function of Treg from cKO was normal. We determined the phenotype of Eos deficient Tregs under non-inflammatory conditions in heterozygous Eosfl/fl Foxp3cre/+ female mice. Although the thymic development of Eos deficient Tregs was not impaired, a marked reduction in Eos deficient Tregs was present in secondary lymphoid tissues indicating a defect in Treg survival in a competitive environment. We conclude that Eos is not required for the development of Tregs, but plays a critical role in controlling many, but not all, of the suppressive functions of Treg.