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Journal articles on the topic 'EPA SWMM'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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1

Hossain, Sharif, Guna Alankarage Hewa, and Subhashini Wella-Hewage. "A Comparison of Continuous and Event-Based Rainfall–Runoff (RR) Modelling Using EPA-SWMM." Water 11, no. 3 (March 24, 2019): 611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11030611.

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This study investigates the comparative performance of event-based and continuous simulation modelling of a stormwater management model (EPA-SWMM) in calculating total runoff hydrographs and direct runoff hydrographs. Myponga upstream and Scott Creek catchments in South Australia were selected as the case study catchments and model performance was assessed using a total of 36 streamflow events from the period of 2001 to 2004. Goodness-of-fit of the EPA-SWMM models developed using automatic calibration were assessed using eight goodness-of-fit measures including Nash–Sutcliff efficiency (NSE), NSE of daily high flows (ANSE), Kling–Gupta efficiency (KGE), etc. The results of this study suggest that event-based modelling of EPA-SWMM outperforms the continuous simulation approach in producing both total runoff hydrograph (TRH) and direct runoff hydrograph (DRH).
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2

Xiao, Dawei, Min Chen, Yuchen Lu, Songshan Yue, and Tao Hou. "Research on the Construction Method of the Service-Oriented Web-SWMM System." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 6 (June 7, 2019): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8060268.

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On a global scale, with the acceleration of urbanization and the continuous expansion of cities, the problem of urban flooding has become increasingly prominent. An increasing number of experts and scholars have begun to focus on this phenomenon and build corresponding models to solve the problem. The storm water management model 5 (SWMM5) is a dynamic rainfall-runoff simulation model developed by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA); this model simulates urban flooding and drainage well and is widely favored by researchers. However, the use of SWMM5 is relatively cumbersome and limited by the operational platform, and these factors hinder the further promotion and sharing of SWMM5. Based on the OpenGMS platform, this study first encapsulates, deploys, and publishes SWMM5 and further builds the Web-SWMM system for the model. With Web-SWMM, the user can conveniently use network data resources online and call SWMM5 to carry out calculations, avoiding the difficulties caused by the localized use of SWMM5 and enabling the sharing and reuse of SWMM5.
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3

Gülbaz, Sezar, and Cevza Melek Kazezyılmaz-Alhan. "An evaluation of hydrologic modeling performance of EPA SWMM for bioretention." Water Science and Technology 76, no. 11 (August 29, 2017): 3035–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.464.

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Abstract Recent techniques should be investigated in detail to avoid present and future problems of urbanization like flood, drought and water pollution. Low Impact Development (LID) Best Management Practices (BMPs) such as bioretentions, green roofs, rain barrels, vegetative swales, and permeable pavements have been implemented to diminish the adverse effects of urbanization. In this study, a hydrological model for a Rainfall-Watershed-Bioretention (RWB) system is developed by using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). RWB system is an experimental setup which consists of an artificial rainfall system, a drainage area and four bioretention columns with different soil mixtures. The hydrological modeling capability of SWMM for bioretentions is presented using the experimental data obtained from the experiments conducted in the RWB system under different rainfall events and for bioretentions with different designs. Finally, the modeling results of SWMM are compared with the results of the Hydrological Model of RWB (HM-RWB) system. Results show that EPA SWMM performs well in modeling bioretentions whereas the results of HM-RWB are in better agreement with the experimental data.
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4

Kim, Jungho, Sungwook Choi, and Jingul Joo. "EPA SWMM-LID Modeling for Low Impact Development." Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 17, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 415–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2017.17.2.415.

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5

Dell, Tyler, Mostafa Razzaghmanesh, Sybil Sharvelle, and Mazdak Arabi. "Development and Application of a SWMM-Based Simulation Model for Municipal Scale Hydrologic Assessments." Water 13, no. 12 (June 11, 2021): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121644.

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There is growing interest for the installation of green stormwater infrastructure (GSI) to improve stormwater control, increase infiltration of stormwater, and improve receiving water body quality. Planning level tools are needed to inform municipal scale decisions on the type and extent of GSI to apply. Here, a modified methodology is developed for the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) to create SWMM for Low Impact Technology Evaluation (SWWM-LITE) that enables municipal scale assessment of stormwater control measure (SCM) performance with minimal input data requirements and low processing time. Hydrologic outputs of SWMM-LITE are compared to those for SWMM and the National Stormwater Calculator (SWC) to assess the performance of SWMM-LITE. Three scenarios including the baseline without SCMs and the installation of varying SCMs were investigated. Across the three scenarios, SWMM-LITE estimates of annual average hydrologic performance (runoff, infiltration, and evaporation) were within +/−0.1% of estimates from a rigorously developed SWMM model in the City of Fort Collins, CO, for an evaluation of 30 years of continuous simulation. Analysis conducted for 2 year (y), 10 y, and 100 y storm events showed less than +/−2.5% difference between SWMM and SWMM-LITE hydrologic outputs. SWC provided reasonable estimates of hydrologic parameters for the case study area, but was designed for site level analyses of performance of SCMs rather than on the municipal scale. A sensitivity analysis revealed that the most sensitive parameters were primarily consistent for the SWMM-LITE and the complete SWMM. SWMM-LITE has low input data requirements and processing time and can be applied for assessing the hydrologic performance of SCMs to inform planning level decisions.
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6

Campisano, Alberto, Aurora Gullotta, and Carlo Modica. "Using EPA-SWMM to simulate intermittent water distribution systems." Urban Water Journal 15, no. 10 (November 26, 2018): 925–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1573062x.2019.1597379.

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7

Iffland, Ronja, Kristian Förster, Daniel Westerholt, María Herminia Pesci, and Gilbert Lösken. "Robust Vegetation Parameterization for Green Roofs in the EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM)." Hydrology 8, no. 1 (January 20, 2021): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology8010012.

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In increasingly expanding cities, roofs are still largely unused areas to counteract the negative impacts of urbanization on the water balance and to reduce flooding. To estimate the effect of green roofs as a sustainable low impact development (LID) technique on the building scale, different approaches to predict the runoff are carried out. In hydrological modelling, representing vegetation feedback on evapotranspiration (ET) is still considered challenging. In this research article, the focus is on improving the representation of the coupled soil–vegetation system of green roofs. Relevant data to calibrate and validate model representations were obtained from an existing field campaign comprising several green roof test plots with different characteristics. A coupled model, utilizing both the Penman–Monteith equation to estimate ET and the software EPA stormwater management model (SWMM) to calculate the runoff, was set up. Through the application of an automatic calibration procedure, we demonstrate that this coupled modelling approach (Kling–Gupta efficiency KGE = 0.88) outperforms the standard ET representation in EPA SWMM (KGE = −0.35), whilst providing a consistent and robust parameter set across all green roof configurations. Moreover, through a global sensitivity analysis, the impact of changes in model parameters was quantified in order to aid modelers in simplifying their parameterization of EPA SWMM. Finally, an improved model using the Penman–Monteith equation and various recommendations are presented.
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8

Yoo, Do Guen, Hyeon Seok Choi, and Joong Hoon Kim. "Applications of EPA-SWMM and FHWA Hydraulic Toolbox to Analyze Cause of Urban Inundation." Journal of Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 15, no. 1 (February 28, 2015): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2015.15.1.169.

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9

Fransiska, Yolla, Junaidi Junaidi, and Bambang Istijono. "Simulasi Dengan Program EPA SWMM Versi 5.1 Untuk Mengendalikan Banjir pada Jaringan Drainase Kawasan Jati." Jurnal Civronlit Unbari 5, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/civronlit.v5i1.56.

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Salah satu wilayah di Kota Padang yang dilanda banjir adalah kawasan Jati Kota Padang. Berdasarkan data banjir 22 Maret 2016, indikasi permasalahan yang ada di kawasan Jati yaitu kurangnya kapasitas saluran drainase. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mensimulasikan kemampuan Jaringan Drainase Kawasan Jati dengan menggunakan program EPA SWMM versi 5.1 dan menentukan alternatif penanganan masalah banjir yang tepat di kawasan tersebut. Model EPA SWMM 5.1 ini mampu menghitung kuantitas dan kualitas limpasan permukaan dari setiap daerah tangkapan hujan, debit aliran, kedalaman aliran, dan kualitas air di setiap pipa dan saluran selama periode simulasi. Data-data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah peta tata guna lahan untuk penentuan persentase impervious area, data hujan dan data dimensi saluran drainase pada kawasan Jati. Seri data hujan yang digunakan merupakan data hujan jam-jaman, karena tidak adanya data hujan jam-jaman pada stasiun hujan di lokasi penelitian, maka penentuan distribusi hujan jam-jaman dilakukan dengan mengubah lengkung Intensitas-Durasi-Frekuensi (IDF) untuk periode ulang 5 tahun menjadi Hyetograph hujan rencana dengan menggunakan Alternating Block Method (ABM). Setelah semua parameter input EPA SWMM 5.1 ditentukan dan diinputkan, simulasi dapat dilakukan. Simulasi yang dilakukan untuk mengatasi banjir di kawasan ini yaitu dengan 3 (tiga) skenario yaitu dengan mengubah dimensi saluran, perencanaan sumur resapan, dan mengubah arah aliran ke kanal banjir Jati. Dari 3 skenario simulasi yang dilakukan masih terdapat saluran yang meluap, tetapi dari 3 skenario ini, skenario yang lebih berpengaruh dalam mengatasi banjir di kawasan Jati adalah skenario 3.
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10

Hudhiyantoro, Hudhiyantoro, Faradlillah Saves, and Masca Indra. "Potensi Penerapan Ecodrainage di Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Pakal Kota Surabaya. (Hal. 10-18)." RekaRacana: Jurnal Teknil Sipil 5, no. 1 (March 29, 2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.26760/rekaracana.v5i1.10.

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ABSTRAKKota Surabaya berkembang sangat pesat, seiring perkembangan tersebut tentu didukung dengan perkembangan infrastruktur air. Akibat pertumbuhan penduduk yang semakin tinggi dan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat mengenai pentingnya menjaga lingkungan, sehingga kerap kali terjadi banjir.Dalam penelitian ini peneliti mencoba menerapkan sistem ecodrainage di salah satu desa yang ada di Surabaya yaitu Desa Sumberejo Kecamatan Pakal, dimana yang notabene di desa tersebut kerap terjadi banjir. Tahap awal adalah survei lapangan guna mencari informasi faktual tentang banjir setempat. Langkah selanjutnya melakukan pengolahan data yaitu dengan menganalisis data curah hujan yang kemudian didapatkan curah hujan rancangan dan kemudian dirunning menggunakan software EPA SWMM 5.1. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian diperoleh saluran eksisting tidak dapat menampung debit rencana. Sehingga diperlukan sumur resapan untuk menanggulangi banjir. Sumur resapan direncanakan setinggi 2,9125 m dengan jari-jari sumur 0,5 m. Dengan adanya sumur resapan maka debit rencana dapat tertampung 100%.Kata kunci: saluran drainase, EPA SWMM 5.1, sistem ecodrainage ABSTRACTSurabaya develops very rapidly, as the development of course supported the development water infrastructure.Due to the higher growth of population and the lack of public awareness on the importance of protecting the environment, so it often time there was a flood.In this research researchers tried to apply ecodrainage system in one village that is in surabaya which is a village Sumberejo Sub-district Pakal, where the service provider claimed in the village floods the.The initial stage is field surveys in order to look for factual information about local flood .The next step process data that is by analyzing of precipitation data which are then obtained rainfall dirunning uses software design and then the final stage of the SWMM 5.1.Based on the research done the existing obtained can not accommodate discharge plan.Leading to the need for wells to cope with the flood.Wells planned as high as 2.9125 m with radius of wells 0.5 m with the wells and discharge plan could be accommodated 100%.Keywords: drainage, EPA SWMM 5.1, ecodrainage system
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11

Junaidi, Lusi Marta Ermalizar, and Ahmad Junaidi. "Flood simulation using EPA SWMM 5.1 on small catchment urban drainage system." MATEC Web of Conferences 229 (2018): 04022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822904022.

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The area around Sungai Sapih District Hospital of Padang is often flooded. The existing drainage system inadequate to accommodate the increasing of drainage loads due to the changing land use in the area. In order to evaluate the drainage system in the study area, EPA SWMM version 5.1 was used to develop the simulation model. This model was able to calculate the quantity and quality of surface runoff from each catchment area, flow discharge, flow depth, and water quality in each pipeline and drainage channel during the simulation period. The data used in this research are maps of land use, rain data, and drainage channel dimensions. Hourly time series rain data was used and as this was not directly unavailable at the train station at the study site, it was calculated by constructing a rain estimation hyetograph from the 5-year Intensity-Duration-Frequency (IDF) curve using the Alternating Block Method (ABM). After all EPA SWMM 5.1 parameters were specified and inputted, simulation with four simulation scenarios was performed based on the present and the future possible land use and the change of dimension and shape of the drainage channel. The first scenario produced 18 flooding occurrences, the second; 20, the third and fourth; 14. Of note were the 14 flooding points in the third and fourth scenario despite the shape and dimension of the drain used being in accordance with the detail of drainage planning of Sungai Sapih area according to the city master plan for 2010-2030. This shows that the drainage planning design (DED) for Sungai Sapih District Public Hospital is insufficient to contain the drainage load of the area, either now or in the future.
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12

Gülbaz, Sezar. "Water quality model for nonpoint source pollutants incorporating bioretention with EPA SWMM." DESALINATION AND WATER TREATMENT 164 (2019): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5004/dwt.2019.24684.

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13

Kian, N. Z., H. Takaijudin, and M. Osman. "An analysis of stormwater runoff rehabilitation for integrated BIOECODS using EPA-SWMM." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 646, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 012048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/646/1/012048.

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14

Вукашиновић, Вељко, and Матија Стипић. "ХИДРАУЛИЧКА АНАЛИЗА ОДВОЂЕЊА УПОТРЕБЉЕНИХ ВОДА ОПШТИНЕ ПРИЈЕПОЉЕ." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, no. 04 (March 28, 2021): 583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/12cg01vukasinovic.

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У раду је изложено решење одвођења употребљених вода Општине Пријепоље до постројења за пречишћавање отпадних вода. Ради се о примеру канализационог система где се због топографије терена јављају велике дубине укопавања цеви и потреба за уградњом црпних станица. Хидрауличка анализа одвођења отпадних вода са предметног подручја извршена је преко програмског пакета EPA SWMM 5.1.
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Dewa, Faralisintia Junia Surya, Mohammad Bisri, and Ery Suhartanto. "Evaluasi Efektivitas Sumur Injeksi Dalam Upaya Penanggulangan Genangan di RW 23 Kelurahan Purwantoro, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur." Jurnal Teknologi dan Rekayasa Sumber Daya Air 1, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 850–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.jtresda.2021.001.02.42.

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Wilayah Kelurahan Purwantoro RW 23, Kecamatan Blimbing, Kota Malang sering terjadi genangan akibat dari perubahan tata guna lahan. Dalam menangani permasalahan ini, Sejak tahun 2013 RW 23 telah membangun sumur injeksi sebanyak 6 buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kondisi eksisting, tindak lanjut dan efektivitas sumur injeksi di lokasi penelitian. Maka dari itu, diperlukan analisis menggunakan model EPA SWMM 5.1 untuk menggambarkan simulasi pengurangan genangan. Untuk kalibrasi model dilakukan dengan metode RMSE dengan kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 9,9 %, kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 11%, dan kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 12%. Hasil simulasi pada aplikasi SWMM 5.1 menunjukkan bahwa perlu penambahan sumur injeksi sebanyak 4 sumur injeksi di kala ulang 2 tahun, 5 sumur injeksi di kala ulang 5 dan 10 tahun. Nilai rata-rata efektivitas penerapan sumur injeksi dengan menggunakan tampungan hujan pada SWMM 5.1 didapatkan hasil untuk kala ulang 2 tahun sebesar 92,028%, dan untuk kala ulang 5 tahun sebesar 93,562%, sedangkan untuk kala ulang 10 tahun sebesar 94,161%.
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Barco, Janet, Kenneth M. Wong, and Michael K. Stenstrom. "Automatic Calibration of the U.S. EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 134, no. 4 (April 2008): 466–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2008)134:4(466).

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Marleni, Nyoman, Kyoohong Park, Taehoon Lee, Dimuth Navaratna, Li Shu, Veeriah Jegatheesan, Nam Pham, and Antonio Feliciano. "A methodology for simulating hydrogen sulphide generation in sewer network using EPA SWMM." Desalination and Water Treatment 54, no. 4-5 (June 4, 2014): 1308–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2014.922899.

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18

Tabares Catimay, Jeniffer, Laura Marely Gallo Martínez, and Néstor Alonso Mancipe. "Modelación matemática de techos verdes en colombia: selección de un modelo mediante la metodología AHP." Ingeniería Investigación y Desarrollo 18, no. 2 (July 1, 2018): 35–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.19053/1900771x.v18.n2.2018.11877.

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Los techos verdes (TV) son estructuras que almacenan aguas lluvia, convirtiéndose en una alternativa para el manejo de la escorrentía urbana. Esta investigación se realiza con el fin de seleccionar un modelo matemático para que posteriormente simule la dinámica de TV experimentales construidos en Bogotá, mejorando el proceso de toma de decisiones frente a su implementación en zonas urbanas intertropicales de Colombia al considerar variables meteorológicas, del sustrato y de diseño. Para realizar la selección se empleó la metodología Procesos Analíticos Jerárquicos (AHP por sus siglas en inglés), técnica que emplea operaciones matriciales para tomar decisiones basadas en juicios de valor establecidas por expertos disminuyendo el sesgo generado por la subjetividad de la evaluación. Inicialmente se realiza una consulta bibliográfica determinando modelos matemáticos empleados en la modelación de TV, estos son: SWAM, SWMM 5.1, HYDRUS 1-D, SWAP, SWMS 2-D, MIKE URBAN, WinSLAMM Y SUSTAIN. Posteriormente se califica el desempeño individual de los modelos respecto a tres criterios de selección (datos de entrada, atributos y datos de salida). Esta calificación es evaluada por expertos en hidrología urbana o en Sistemas Urbanos de Drenaje Sostenible (SUDS). Los juicios de valor emitidos por los expertos se utilizan para elaborar matrices pareadas con la metodología AHP, indicando el modelo que mejor cumple los criterios de selección. Se obtuvo que el modelo EPA-SWMM 5.1 cumple satisfactoriamente los requerimientos para modelar techos verdes en Colombia dado que es un software libre, cuenta con un módulo de SUDS, permite modelar eventos de lluvia continuos, entre otras variables. Se desarrolla una lista en orden jerárquico que otros autores podrían usar para seleccionar el modelo que mejor se ajuste a sus necesidades de modelación en TV para condiciones colombianas.
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19

Шаркановић, Војко, and Матија Стипић. "АНАЛИЗА СТАЊА И РАЗВОЈА КАНАЛИЗАЦИЈЕ УПОТРЕБЉЕНИХ ВОДА НАСЕЉА КОВИЉ." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 10 (September 24, 2019): 1706–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/04cg03sarkanovic.

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У раду је проучаван генерални пројекат канализације употребљених вода насеља Ковиљ у циљу анализе стања и развоја постојеће канализације. Испитана је подобност канализационе мреже постојећег стања за период до 25 година, анализа капацитета мреже у случају доласка индустрије, као и максимална оптерећеност коју пројектовани канализациони систем може да прихвати. С тим у вези, направљена је студија потребне санације постојеће мреже у случају драстичног повећања продукције отпадних вода. Хидрауличка анализа одвођења отпадних вода са предметног подручја извршена је преко програмског пакета EPA SWMM 5.1.
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Abi Aad, Maya P., Makram T. Suidan, and William D. Shuster. "Modeling Techniques of Best Management Practices: Rain Barrels and Rain Gardens Using EPA SWMM-5." Journal of Hydrologic Engineering 15, no. 6 (June 2010): 434–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)he.1943-5584.0000136.

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21

Bjelica, Gordana, and Matija Stipić. "HIDRAULIČKA ANALIZA KANALISANJA ATMOSFERSKIH VODA U NASELJU BARANDA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, no. 01 (December 29, 2020): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/11cg05bjelica.

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U radu je izrađen model atmosferske kanalizacije u naselju Baranda. Pre svega je izvršena analiza terena i padavina, a potom je trasirana kanalizaciona mreža. Izvršen je hidraulički proračun dobijenog modela prilikom padavina dvogodišnjeg povratnog perioda pomoću softverskog paketa EPA SWMM. Nakon toga je izvršena hidrulička analiza modela. Potom je izvršen hidraulički proračun kada je ista mreža opterećena padavinama desetogodišnjeg povratnog perioda i analizirana je njena opterećenost. Na ovaj način je prikazano koje su tačke u sistemu sa najnepovoljnijim uslovima. Na kraju su upoređeni rezultati hidrauličke analize sistema pri padavinama različitog povratnog perioda.
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Bjelica, Gordana, and Matija Stipić. "HIDRAULIČKA ANALIZA KANALISANJA ATMOSFERSKIH VODA U NASELJU BARANDA." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 36, no. 01 (December 29, 2020): 159–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/11cg05bjelica.

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U radu je izrađen model atmosferske kanalizacije u naselju Baranda. Pre svega je izvršena analiza terena i padavina, a potom je trasirana kanalizaciona mreža. Izvršen je hidraulički proračun dobijenog modela prilikom padavina dvogodišnjeg povratnog perioda pomoću softverskog paketa EPA SWMM. Nakon toga je izvršena hidrulička analiza modela. Potom je izvršen hidraulički proračun kada je ista mreža opterećena padavinama desetogodišnjeg povratnog perioda i analizirana je njena opterećenost. Na ovaj način je prikazano koje su tačke u sistemu sa najnepovoljnijim uslovima. Na kraju su upoređeni rezultati hidrauličke analize sistema pri padavinama različitog povratnog perioda.
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Sun, Congcong, Jan Lorenz Svensen, Morten Borup, Vicenç Puig, Gabriela Cembrano, and Luca Vezzaro. "An MPC-Enabled SWMM Implementation of the Astlingen RTC Benchmarking Network." Water 12, no. 4 (April 5, 2020): 1034. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12041034.

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The advanced control of urban drainage systems (UDS) has great potential in reducing pollution to the receiving waters by optimizing the operations of UDS infrastructural elements. Existing controls vary in complexity, including local and global strategies, Real-Time Control (RTC) and Model Predictive Control (MPC). Their results are, however, site-specific, hindering a direct comparison of their performance. Therefore, the working group ‘Integral Real-Time Control’ of the German Water Association (DWA) developed the Astlingen benchmark network, which has been implemented in conceptual hydrological models and applied to compare RTC strategies. However, the level of detail of such implementations is insufficient for testing more complex MPC strategies. In order to provide a benchmark for MPC, this paper presents: (1) The implementation of the conceptual Astlingen system in an open-source hydrodynamic model (EPA-SWMM), and (2) the application of an MPC strategy to the developed SWMM model. The MPC strategy was tested against traditional and well-established local and global RTC approaches, demonstrating how the proposed benchmark system can be used to test and compare complex control strategies.
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Girão, Luís Filipe de Oliveira, Nuno Eduardo da Cruz Simões, José Alfeu Almeida de Sá Marques, João Paulo Correia Leitão, and Rui Daniel Pina. "Modelação hidráulica e de qualidade da água dos sistemas de drenagem em meios urbanos." Engenharia Sanitaria e Ambiental 22, no. 2 (January 19, 2017): 351–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1413-41522016161318.

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RESUMO: As inundações urbanas estão se tornando cada vez mais frequentes, de tal forma que a União Europeia publicou a Diretiva 2007/60/CE no sentido de mitigar as consequências relacionadas com este fenômeno e de impor limites à concentração de poluentes nas águas pluviais. O objetivo deste artigo foi apresentar uma modelação dos sistemas de drenagem em situação de inundações, baseada no software da United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), em que o estudo de caso é analisar um sistema de drenagem urbana unitário, inserido na Zona Central de Coimbra, em Portugal. Recorrendo à metodologia Automatic Overland Flow Delineation (AOFD) para a geração de uma rede de drenagem superficial e implementando-a no SWMM, obteve-se um modelo de drenagem dual, que permite a análise do escoamento em situação de inundações, incluindo o controle de escoamento entre a superfície e a rede de coletores e a modelação da qualidade da água à superfície. Este modelo permite quantificar a carga poluente à superfície, relativamente ao parâmetro de sólidos suspensos totais, para um evento de precipitação extrema.
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Јанковић, Aлександар, and Matija Stipić. "АНАЛИЗА ОДВОЂЕЊА ОТПАДНИХ ВОДА НАСЕЉА НОВИ БЕЧЕЈ." Zbornik radova Fakulteta tehničkih nauka u Novom Sadu 34, no. 12 (November 16, 2019): 2121–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.24867/05cg01jankovic.

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У раду је вршена анализа постојећег стања канализационог система отпадних вода у Новом Бечеју, потом је вршена анализа решења одвођења отпадних вода целог насеља. Ради одређивања прецизних података о специфичном јединичном оптерећењу по становнику насеља вршена су мерења протицаја. Анализом постојећег стања утврђивана ја усклађеност са основним прописима и правилима струке, утврђене деонице које одступају од њих и предложена је њихова реконструкција. Затим су предложена два решења одвођења отпадних вода за пројектни период од 25 година уз индустијско оптерећење које се може појавити у пројектом периоду. Све хидрауличке анализе одвођења отпадних вода спроведене су у софтверском пакету EPA SWMM 5.1.
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Ariwibowo, Mohammad Lutfi, S. Suripin, and Pranoto Samto Atmojo. "Aplikasi Penginderaan Jauh dan EPA-SWMM untuk Simulasi Debit Banjir Akibat Perubahan Lahan Sub DAS Banjaran." Teknik 38, no. 2 (January 2, 2018): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/teknik.v38i2.13804.

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Tataguna lahan di Sub Daerah Aliran Sungai (DAS) Banjaran telah mengalami perubahan yang cukup tinggi selama kurun waktu 1995 sampai 2001. Lahan sawah berkurang 1.759,28 hektar menjadi 1.603,97 hektar, tegalan berkurang 289,54 hektar menjadi 283,32 hektar dan permukiman bertambah 1.284,36 hektar menjadi 1.445,88 hektar. Alih fungsi lahan ini mengakibatkan banjir sering terjadi. Beberapa kali Sungai Banjaran meluap menyebabkan banjir di permukiman dan ruas jalan. Kajian pengaruh perubahan lahan terhadap debit banjir perlu dilakukan sehingga peningkatan debit banjir dapat dikendalikan.Tujuan penelitian ini menganalisis debit banjir secara periodik sesuai dengan perubahan tata guna lahan yang terjadi berdasarkan data hidrologi dan parameter DAS. Perhitungan debit banjir dilakukan dengan kalibrasi Environmental Protection Agency – Storm Water Management Model( EPA-SWMM), yaitu metode Hidrograf Observasi (debit terukur) yang dikalibrasi dengan metode Nash. Analisis perubahan lahan menggunakan peta tataguna lahan tahun 2005, Citra Satelit Quick Bird tahun 2010 dan 2014 yang berbasis Geography Information System (GIS). Penggunaan citra satelit resolusi tinggi Quick Bird memenuhi ketepatan dalam menentukan daerah impervious dan pervious sertamorfometri DAS sebagai parameter utama dalam input EPA-SWMM. Model yang telah terkalibrasi digunakan untuk simulasi debit rencana sampai periode ulang 50 tahun.Perubahan lahan selama tahun 2005-2014 permukiman meningkat sebesar 10,98 ha (2,39 %), luas hutan menurun 1,67 ha (0,07%), telah mengakibatkan kenaikan debit banjir Q2 sampai Q50 tahun. Besarnya debit dan kenaikannya berturut-turut sebagai berikut : Q2 tahun sebesar 3,08 m3/dtk (2,16 %), Q5 tahun sebesar 3,5 m3/dtk (1,87 %), Q10 tahun sebesar 3,72 m3/dtk (1,7 %), Q25 tahun sebesar 3,94 m3/dtk (1,60 %) dan Q50 tahun sebesar 4,13 m3/dtk (1,50 %). Volume banjir terjadi peningkatan yakni: Q2 tahun sebesar 0,57 % (10. 106 ) liter, Q5 tahun sebesar 0,45 % (12.106 ) liter, Q10 tahun sebesar 0,42 % (13. 106) liter, Q25 tahun sebesar 0,33 % (12.106) liter dan Q50 tahun sebesar 0,35 % (14.106) liter. Usaha pengendalian banjir pada periode ulang 50 tahun (Q50) yang disimulasikan mampu menurunkan debit banjir antara lain : penegakkan hukum sebesar 14,43 m3/dtk (5 %), embung sebesar 20,9 m3/dtk (7,1 %) dan sumur resapan sebesar 31,18 m3/dtk (10,73 %). Skenario RTRW sebesar 26,3 m3/dtk (9,05 %), kombinasi sumur resapan dan penegakan hukum sebesar 45,92 m3/dtk (15,81 %) dan kombinasi embung dan penegakan hukum sebesar 40,58 m3/dtk (13,97 %). Dari hasil simulasi diperoleh pembuatan sumur resapan, kombinasi sumur resapan dan penegakan hukum, kombinasi embung dan penegakan hukum mampu menurunkan debit banjir sampai pada Q25
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Nowogoński, Ireneusz. "Emporal and Spatial Variability of Rainfall in Modelling of Stormwater Outflows." Civil and Environmental Engineering Reports 29, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 267–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ceer-2019-0060.

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Abstract The article presents issues related to modeling of the rainfall-runoff phenomenon. As factors influencing the simulation results, the velocity and direction of precipitation relative to the drainage basin were indicated. The possibility of underestimating the cross-sections of rainwater channels as a result of overlapping rain wave directions and the dominant flow direction in the rainwater channel network was pointed out. The research results to date indicate a reduction in the symptoms of this phenomenon as the complexity of the channel network increases. The final verification was based on the actual catchment. Calculations were made using the Epa SWMM 5.1.013 software. The results are presented in a graphic form to illustrate the variability of stormwater outflow.
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Torre-Gómez, Guadalupe, Joaquin Fernández-Francos, Francesco Pugliese, Eduardo Álvarez-Álvarez, and Eduardo Álvarez-Álvarez. "Waste Water Networks (WWNs) Modeling and Optimization. Application to a Study in Northern Coast of Spain." Environmental Sciences Proceedings 2, no. 1 (September 8, 2020): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/environsciproc2020002067.

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The change of the hydrologic cycle is one of the biggest concerns related to global warming effects. Larger intensities of rainfall events greater in magnitude are foreseen in the coming years, strongly affecting Waste Water Networks (WWNs), leading to higher flowing rates and reaching the limit of the hydrologic cycle’s capacity or even exceeding it. In this field, the proper modeling of a WWN is a useful and economical approach to detect the networks’ critical issues. This work presents a procedure to model a WWN, including different infrastructures and controls and testing different conditions using the EPA-SWMM 5.1 hydraulic solver. The proposed method was applied to a simplified WWN located in Asturias Region (Spain).
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29

Nowogoński, Ireneusz. "LOW IMPACT DEVELOPMENT MODELING TO MANAGE URBAN STORMWATER RUNOFF: CASE STUDY OF GORZÓW WIELKOPOLSK." Journal of Environmental Engineering and Landscape Management 28, no. 3 (May 25, 2020): 105–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jeelm.2020.12670.

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Uncontrolled urbanization causes local flooding and deterioration of the water quality of receivers as a result of an increase in peak flow rate and increased washing out of contaminants from the catchment area. Currently, classic storage tanks are most often used. An alternative solution may be the use of Low Impact Development (LID), i.e. the preservation and restoration of natural landscape elements, minimizing the imperviousness of the catchment in the form of rain barrels, permeable walkways or bio-retention reservoirs. The comparison of both techniques was carried out using the Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model (EPA SWMM). The influence of several solutions on a selected urbanized catchment located in Gorzów Wielkopolski was tested.
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30

Pathirana, A., S. Tsegaye, B. Gersonius, and K. Vairavamoorthy. "A simple 2-D inundation model for incorporating flood damage in urban drainage planning." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 15, no. 8 (August 31, 2011): 2747–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-15-2747-2011.

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Abstract. An urban inundation model was developed and coupled with 1-D drainage network model (EPA-SWMM5). The objective was to achieve a 1-D/2-D coupled model that is simple and fast enough to be consistently used in planning stages of urban drainage projects. The 2-D inundation model is based on a non-standard simplification of the shallow water equation, lays between diffusion-wave and full dynamic models. Simplifications were made in the process representation and numerical solving mechanisms and a depth scaled Manning coefficient was introduced to achieve stability in the cell wetting-drying process. The 2-D model is coupled with SWMM for simulation of both network flow and surcharge induced inundation. The coupling is archived by mass transfer from the network system to the 2-D system. A damage calculation block is integrated within the model code for assessing flood damage costs in optimal planning of urban drainage networks. The model is stable in dealing with complex flow conditions, and cell wetting/drying processes, as demonstrated by a number of idealised experiments. The model application is demonstrated by applying to a case study in Brazil.
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Kim, Sung Eun, Sangeun Lee, Dongwook Kim, and Chang Geun Song. "Stormwater Inundation Analysis in Small and Medium Cities for the Climate Change Using EPA-SWMM and HDM-2D." Journal of Coastal Research 85 (May 2018): 991–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2112/si85-199.1.

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32

Siregar, Riza Inanda, Nursyamsi N, and Ivan Indrawan. "An Approach of Travel Time of Flood Peaks and Runoff Model towards Low Impact Development." Simetrikal: Journal of Engineering and Technology 2, no. 1 (February 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/jet.v2i1.2631.

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The most crucial point for the planning of the city should be considered flooding conditions. In manipulating the length of the channel, of course also manages the direction of the stream, so that the size of the catchment area in the area will be different. The characteristics of surface runoff of urban drainage systems are essential to determine the effects of runoff reduction towards Low Impact Development (LID). In this study, to make modelling of stormwater runoff characteristics in a city can be analysed by using the Stormwater Management Model (SWMM). This research is to explain the method of approaching travel time of flood peaks and runoff in a drainage network system that needs a rainfall-runoff model, EPA SWMM model that shown flood peak in the return period 5-yr and 10-yr, and need representatives to the graph of travel time and runoff. The result shows that the channel only accommodates return period of flood 5-yr, not the 10-yr. The drainage network system consists of minor drainage and major drainage (river) that can be simulated to reduce the runoff. The approach influenced by the direction of flow and the roughness. These parameters are the vital point to manage the travel time of peak floods. The, by redesign and update the capacity of the channel can reduce the overflow over the nodes (junctions).
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33

Wałęga, Andrzej, Marta Cebulska, and Wiesław Gądek. "The use of bioretention cell to decreasing outflow from parking lot." Journal of Water and Land Development 36, no. 1 (March 1, 2018): 173–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jwld-2018-0017.

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AbstractThe objective of the research was to look into the role that bioretention systems play in a decentralized management of stormwater runoff from the impervious areas. The study took place at a catchment of a low permeability and equipped with a combined sewer system. Two rainfall options were selected: actual rainfall intensity q = 105.65 dm3∙s−1∙ha−1 and a hypothetic rainfall with a probability of exceedance p = 10% and q = 40.7 dm3∙s−1∙ha−1. All calculations were carried out using the SWMM EPA program (storm water management model; Environmental Protection Agency). They have shown that the bioretention system reduces the cumulative flow rates by over 55% and the flood wave volume by over 54%. Moreover, it was found that, a precipitation pattern significantly influences runoff from the urban catchment.
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Karakoçak, B. B., O. Yenigün, and R. T. Toraman. "An integrated approach to water management in Kayseri: rainwater collection and use in an amusement park." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 5 (March 1, 2013): 1137–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.656.

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Water management in urban areas of developing countries is a major environmental challenge for the future. Within the framework of the IWA Cities of the Future Programme, current water and wastewater management systems are investigated in Kayseri, Turkey, with the purpose of bringing water into the center of city life by a reformed pilot project. In order to assess both the quantity and dynamics of water to be utilized in the Kayseri Amusement Park, the US Environmental Protection Agency's (US EPA) Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) 5.0 was used. The obtained results demonstrated that after 3 years, 38,039 m3 of rainwater could be stored in the two proposed underground storage tanks. Forty three per cent of the water-ski lake with a volume of 90,000 m3 could be recharged with the stored rainwater.
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Choi, Jeonghyeon, and Sangdan Kim. "Estimation of load capture ratio for evaluating LID facilities performance in Korea." Water Supply 20, no. 8 (October 1, 2020): 3464–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.243.

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Abstract Accurate performance evaluation is required for efficient design or installation of Low Impact Development (LID) facilities. However, the existing evaluation method in Korea needs to be improved since it has been derived for non-point reduction facilities. The purpose of this study is to propose a new design formula for three types of LID facilities. Through the long-term continuous simulation of EPA SWMM, the Load Capture Ratio (LCR) for LID facilities such as bio-retentions, infiltration trenches, and vegetative swales was estimated. As a result of the sensitivity analysis to verify the newly derived LCR formula, it can be seen that not only the regional rainfall characteristics but also the infiltration capacity of the native soil play an important role in the accuracy of the proposed LCR formula.
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36

Apriyanza, Hendy, Khairul Amri, and Gusta Gunawan. "ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN SALURAN DRAINASE TERHADAP GENANGAN BANJIR DI JALAN GUNUNG BUNGKUK KOTA BENGKULU DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN APLIKASI EPA SWMM 5.1." Inersia, Jurnal Teknik Sipil 10, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 41–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33369/ijts.10.2.41-51.

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This study aims to determine the flood discharge plan, discharge the existing channel and analyze the condition of the existing channel and look for alternatives to handling flood inundation at the location of flood inundation. Retrieval of data by measuring the existing channel in the flood inundation location. Calculation of peak discharge uses rational methods for various times of plan return. Rainfall calculation results of the plan that meets the requirements are type 1 Gumbel Method. The results of the research and calculations areknown that the amount of existing channel discharge in seven locations of flood inundation ie left and right Mountain Bambat Road is 0.934 m3 / sec and 3.798 m3 / sec. 2,261 m3 / sec, the left and right Gunung Bungkuk Roads are 0.134 m3 / sec and 0.164 m3 / sec while the flood discharge is 1.897 m3 / sec, Gunung Bungkuk 1 Road is 0.30 m3 / sec while the flood discharge is 0.471 m3 / sec, Gunung Bungkuk Road 4 hunchback of 0.190 m3 / sec while the flooddischarge is 1,336 m3 / sec and Gunung Bungkuk Road is 4 0,173 m3 / sec while the flood discharge is 0,864 m3 / sec and for the drainage of Jalan Gunung Bungkuk is not calculated the channel discharge is due to the channel being closed so that the channel dimension not obtained but for the flood discharge of 2.230 m3 / sec and 0.447 m3 / sec. Thus, it shows that the existing discharge channel on the existing Gunung Bungkuk Hump Mountain Road is unable toaccommodate the planned flood discharge. The alternative to flood inundation is by re-planning drainage channels, channel normalization activities, and improving coordination between the government and the community in maintaining drainage channels.
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Del Giudice, Giuseppe, and Roberta Padulano. "Sensitivity Analysis and Calibration of a Rainfall-Runoff Model with the Combined Use of EPA-SWMM and Genetic Algorithm." Acta Geophysica 64, no. 5 (October 2016): 1755–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/acgeo-2016-0062.

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38

Moghadas, Shahab, Günther Leonhardt, Jiri Marsalek, and Maria Viklander. "Modeling Urban Runoff from Rain-on-Snow Events with the U.S. EPA SWMM Model for Current and Future Climate Scenarios." Journal of Cold Regions Engineering 32, no. 1 (March 2018): 04017021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cr.1943-5495.0000147.

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39

Wang, Ming Ming, Shou Qi Bing, Yu Wen Zhou, and Xin Xi Zhang. "Planning for Stormwater Runoff Control: A Case Study in China." Advanced Materials Research 113-116 (June 2010): 1389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.113-116.1389.

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In order to control stormwater runoff and reduce water pollution, stormwater management planning was carried out in Futian River watershed of Shenzhen city, China. Major rain harvesting methods for different land use, including roof rainwater collection, road rainwater collection and green space rainwater infiltration were investigated. Respective harvesting methods in mountain areas and urban areas were conducted. The instantaneous unit hydrograph (IUH) method and the EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) were recommended for flow routing in mountain areas and urban areas. The runoff coefficient of Futian River watershed reduces from 0.6 to 0.52 after stormwater management. The result shows Futian River watershed has great potential in rain harvesting. The planning practice has a significant effect on runoff reduction. This case of stormwater utilization planning provides useful information to stormwater managers and site designers, and can serve as example for other cities with similar situation.
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40

Sunela, Markus I., and Raido Puust. "A visual tool to calculate optimal control strategy for non-identical pumps working in parallel, taking motor and VSD efficiencies into account." Water Supply 15, no. 5 (June 4, 2015): 1115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2015.069.

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A simple graphical tool was developed, that finds the optimal combination of pumps and their rotational speeds for all possible working points for a pump battery. The tool was integrated into EPANET as well as EPA SWMM simulation packages. The tool allows us to analyse and optimize operation non-identical parallel pumps with different minimum and maximum frequencies for all possible working points. Pump characteristics and efficiency curves can be given in tabular format or as analytical functions of flow. Degradation of pump efficiency at lower rotational speed is taken into account, as well as motor and variable speed drive efficiencies at partial loads. The optimal solution provided by the tool was compared to measurements in two case studies. Our case studies showed 6.1–8.5% reduction in energy usage using the optimal parallel pumping control strategy compared to the currently used strategy, where all running pumps have the same frequency.
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41

Harris, J. A., and B. J. Adams. "Probabilistic assessment of urban runoff erosion potential." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 33, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 307–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l05-114.

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At the planning or screening level of urban development, analytical modeling using derived probability distribution theory is a viable alternative to continuous simulation, offering considerably less computational effort. A new set of analytical probabilistic models is developed for predicting the erosion potential of urban stormwater runoff. The marginal probability distributions for the duration of a hydrograph in which the critical channel velocity is exceeded (termed exceedance duration) are computed using derived probability distribution theory. Exceedance duration and peak channel velocity are two random variables upon which erosion potential is functionally dependent. Reasonable agreement exists between the derived marginal probability distributions for exceedance duration and continuous EPA Stormwater Management Model (SWMM) simulations at more common return periods. It is these events of lower magnitude and higher frequency that are the most significant to erosion-potential prediction. Key words: erosion, stormwater management, derived probability distribution, exceedance duration.
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42

Bąk, Joanna. "Modelling the relationship between LID practices and the runoff of rainwater through the example of rainfall data for Krakow." E3S Web of Conferences 45 (2018): 00008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184500008.

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The progressing process of urbanization causes areas that were once previously green to turn into areas with a high rate of runoff. For this reason, all activities aimed at the alternative management of rainwater in the city are extremely important. The aim of the work is to compare the share of rainwater management in urban catchments to various alternative forms of management of these waters (including rain gardens and green roofs). The paper compares the outflows from the sample catchment with different runoff coefficients and after the implementation of various Low Impact Development (LID) practices to the catchment. The calculations were carried out using the Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) program version 5.1.012 with LID controls developed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA). The rainfall data used to carry out the simulation was derived over the last three years from the meteorological station in Krakow.
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Harianti, M., and M. Sulaiman. "Evaluation of Gadjah Mada University Yogyakarta Campus Drainage System Using Environmental Protection Agency Storm Water Management Model 5.1 (EPA SWMM 5.1)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 832, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/832/1/012049.

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Choo, Yeon-Moon, Sang-Bo Sim, and Yeon-Woong Choe. "A Study on Urban Inundation Using SWMM in Busan, Korea, Using Existing Dams and Artificial Underground Waterways." Water 13, no. 12 (June 20, 2021): 1708. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13121708.

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The annual average rainfall in Busan area is increasing, causing frequent flooding of Busan’s Suyeong and Oncheon rivers. Due to the increase in urbanized areas and climate change, it is difficult to reduce flood damage. Therefore, new methods are needed to reduce urban inundation. This study models the effects of three flood reduction methods involving Oncheon River, Suyeong River, and the Hoedong Dam, which is situated on the Suyeong. Using EPA-SWMM, a virtual model of the dam and the rivers was created, then modified with changes to the dam’s height, the installation of a floodgate on the dam, and the creation of an underground waterway to carry excess flow from the Oncheon to the Hoedong Dam. The results of this study show that increasing the height of the dam by 3 m, 4 m, or 6 m led to a 27%, 37%, and 48% reduction in flooding, respectively, on the Suyeong River. It was also found that installing a floodgate of 10 × 4 m, 15 × 4 m, or 20 × 4 min the dam would result in a flood reduction of 2.7% and 2.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the construction of the underground waterway could lead to an expected 25% flood reduction in the Oncheon River. Measures such as these offer the potential to protect the lives and property of citizens in densely populated urban areas and develop sustainable cities and communities. Therefore, the modifications to the dam and the underground waterway proposed in this study are considered to be useful.
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Allende-Prieto, Cristina, Beatriz Méndez-Fernández, Luis Sañudo-Fontaneda, and Susanne Charlesworth. "Development of a Geospatial Data-Based Methodology for Stormwater Management in Urban Areas Using Freely-Available Software." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 9, 2018): 1703. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081703.

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Intense urbanisation, combined with climate change impacts such as increased rainfall intensity, is overloading conventional drainage systems, increasing the number of combined sewer overflow events and making treatment plants outdated. There is a need for better urban planning, incorporating stormwater and flood management design in order to accurately design urban drainage networks. Geographic Information System (GIS) tools are capable of identifying and delineating the runoff flow direction, as well as accurately defining small-sized urban catchments using geospatial data. This study explores the synergies between GIS and stormwater management design tools for better land-use planning, providing a new methodology which has the potential to incorporate hydraulic and hydrological calculations into the design of urban areas. From data collection to final results, only freely available software and open platforms have been used: the U.S. EPA Storm Water Management Model (SWMM), QGis, PostgreSQL, PostGIS, SagaGIS, and GrassGIS. Each of these tools alone cannot provide all the necessary functionalities for large-scale projects, but once linked to GISWATER, a unique, fast, efficient, and accurate work methodology results. A case study of a newly urbanised area in the city of Gijón (northern Spain) has been utilised to apply this new methodology.
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46

Ball, James E. "Discussion of “Automatic Calibration of the U.S. EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment” by J. Barco, K. M. Wong, and M. K. Stenstrom." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 135, no. 12 (December 2009): 1108–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000016.

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47

Barco, Janet, Kenneth M. Wong, and Michael K. Stenstrom. "Closure to “Automatic Calibration of the US EPA SWMM Model for a Large Urban Catchment” by Janet Barco, Kenneth M. Wong, and Michael K. Stenstrom." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 135, no. 12 (December 2009): 1110–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000121.

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48

Park, Yoonkyung, Byungsoon Jung, and Reeho Kim. "Flood Risk Assessment for Coastal Cities Considering Sea Level Rise due to Climate Change." Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation 20, no. 6 (December 31, 2020): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.9798/kosham.2020.20.6.323.

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The purpose of this study was to present disaster prevention performance targets for Korean coastal cities, given the rise in sea level due to climate change. The disaster prevention performance targets for coastal cities are used to assess flood risk caused by increased sea levels. The proposed disaster prevention performance targets give additional consideration for design tide level or design flood level, which are design factors for hydraulic structures located along the coast. The rate of sea level rise in the West Sea was 0.61 ㎝/year. It was the fastest rise rate of all of Korea's seas. The sea level rise rate in the East Sea was calculated at 0.58 ㎝/year. This study also quantitatively confirmed that flood damage increases according to sea level rise using the United States' Environmental Protection Agency-Storm Water Management Model (EPA-SWMM). This study suggested a method for setting the disaster prevention performance targets of expected flood damage in coastal cities. Therefore, suggested disaster prevention performance targets should be highly specialized for coastal cities. However, sea level rise and rainfall are key factors that cause floods. Therefore, further research on disaster prevention in coastal cities should be carried out to consider the combined effects of sea level rise and rainfall.
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49

Samouei, Sina, and Mehmet Özger. "Evaluating the performance of low impact development practices in urban runoff mitigation through distributed and combined implementation." Journal of Hydroinformatics 22, no. 6 (September 10, 2020): 1506–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/hydro.2020.054.

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Abstract Rapid urbanization and increasing impervious surfaces in cities lead to a serious reduction in infiltration rate of the surface and cause challenges in stormwater management. The Low Impact Development (LID) concept is considered as a potential solution for sustainable urban growth by contributing in urban flood mitigation. However, its effects on hydrologic response of the urbanized catchments, especially in broad scale implementation, are not fully understood and practically examined. In this study a hydrologic-hydraulic model of a small catchment was developed in EPA storm water management model (SWMM) program and calibrated and validated through field measurements. The hydrologic response of the catchment was investigated after replacing proportions of impervious surfaces with combinations of LID practices such as green roof, permeable pavement and bio-retention cell, through four land cover conversion scenarios and under five different designed storm events. The simulation results which are derived by comparison of outflow hydrographs between each scenario and conventional drainage system indicated that implementing 5–20% of LIDs has a noticeable impact on runoff peak flow and volume reduction, especially in storm events with shorter return periods. Also the runoff reduction trends show a linear response due to the increase in LID implementation ratio in the study area.
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50

Möderl, M., M. Kleidorfer, R. Sitzenfrei, and W. Rauch. "Identifying weak points of urban drainage systems by means of VulNetUD." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 10 (November 1, 2009): 2507–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.664.

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This article presents the development and application of the software tool VulNetUD. VulNetUD is a tool for GIS-based identification of vulnerable sites of urban drainage systems (UDS) using hydrodynamic simulations undertaken using EPA SWMM. The benefit of the tool is the output of different vulnerability maps rating sewer surcharging, sewer flooding, combined sewer overflow (CSO) efficiency and CSO emissions. For this, seven predefined performance indicators are used to evaluate urban drainage systems under abnormal, critical and future conditions. The application on a case study highlights the capability of the tool to identify weak points of the urban drainage systems. Thereby it is possible to identify urban drainage system components which cause the highest performance decrease across the entire system. The application of the method on a real world case study shows for instance that a reduction of catchment areas which are located upstream of CSOs with relatively less capacity in the downstream sewers achieves the highest increases efficiency of the system. Finally, the application of VulNetUD is seen as a valuable tool for managers and operators of waste water utilities to improve the efficiency of their systems. Additionally vulnerability maps generated by VulNetUD support risk management e.g. decision making in urban development planning or the development of rehabilitation strategies.
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