Relevant bibliographies by topics / EPDM rubber

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'EPDM rubber'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 12 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "EPDM rubber"

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Yun, Jushik, and A. I. Isayev. "Superior Mechanical Properties of Ultrasonically Recycled EPDM Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 1 (2003): 253–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547738.

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Abstract This paper describes the results of an extensive study involving the continuous ultrasonic devulcanization of unfilled EPDM rubber. Die pressure and ultrasound power consumption were measured as a function of processing conditions. The mechanical properties of aged and fresh revulcanized EPDM rubber were measured. Gel fraction, crosslink density, and dynamic properties were also determined for the virgin vulcanizate, the ultrasonically devulcanized rubber, and the revulcanized rubber. Additionally, the cure behavior of virgin and devulcanized EPDM rubber was investigated. The tensile strength of revulcanized EPDM rubber was found to be much higher than that of the virgin vulcanizate with the elongation at break being practically intact. A mechanism explaining the increase in mechanical properties of revulcanized rubbers was proposed.
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Tiwari, M., J. W. M. Noordermeer, W. K. Dierkes, and Wim J. van Ooij. "Effect of Plasma Polymerization on the Performance of Silica in NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM Blends." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 81, no. 2 (2008): 276–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3548210.

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Abstract The surface modification of precipitated silica powders by plasma-polymerization with acetylene monomer in order to improve their performance in NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM rubber blends, by matching the surface energies of the silica fillers of the rubbers, is the subject of this study. Silica, used as reinforcing filler for elastomers, is coated with a polyacetylene (PA) film and characterized by water penetration measurements, Cetyltrimethyl Ammonium Bromide (CTAB) area, Thermo Gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Time of Flight-Secondary Ion Mass Spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS) and Scanning Electron Microscopy with elemental analysis by Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM/EDX). All techniques show the evidence of a PA-film deposition on the surface of silica. The properties of NBR, EPDM and blends based on NBR and EPDM, filled with untreated, PA- and silane-treated silica, are investigated by measurement of the Payne effect, the bound rubber content and weight loss related to bound rubber, the reinforcement parameter and mechanical properties. The PA-silica filled samples show a lower Payne effect for EPDM and NBR/EPDM compared to the rubbers filled with unmodified silica. However, PA-silica filled NBR shows a higher Payne effect. This indicates an improved filler dispersion in the EPDM and NBR/EPDM, and a poorer dispersion in the NBR. The reduction of the reinforcement parameter as found for NBR, EPDM and NBR/EPDM indicates a lower degree of agglomeration in comparison with untreated and silane-treated silica. The PA-silica filled samples show the highest bound rubber contents and “in-rubber structure” for both rubbers as well as for the blend, compared to both other silica samples. The mechanical properties of untreated silica filled blend of NBR/EPDM are worse compared to the pure rubbers, but acetylene polymerization onto silica results in a significant improvement relative to the unmodified silica. The combined effects all point in the direction of improved compatibility of the PA-silica with the apolar EPDM. This results in better dispersion and stronger interaction with the EPDM, particularly in the blend with NBR, so as to significantly improve the mechanical properties of the blend relative to the use of untreated or silane-treated silica.
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Wu, Weili, and Songyan Cong. "Modified diatomite forms in the rubber nanocomposites." Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials 33, no. 5 (2018): 659–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0892705718811408.

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Diatomite is a kind of biomass sedimentary rock, which is widely used in chemical engineering, petroleum, building materials, biomedical medicine, health care and environmental protection, and other fields due to its characteristics of lightweight, large specific surface area, super adsorption, noise and abrasion resistance, thermal properties, and corrosion resistance. The diatomite is similar to silica in the composition structure and can be used as a substitute for silica to reinforce the rubber materials. In this work, the diatomite was modified with different modifiers to fill the rubbers such as natural rubber, styrene–butadiene rubber, butadiene rubber, nitrile butadiene rubber, ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM), chloroprene rubber, methyl vinyl silicone rubber, fluorine rubber (FKM), and acrylic rubber (ACM). The results showed that the obtained formula is the most suitable diatomite modifier for various rubber is Si69, and its amount is 2.5 parts per hundred rubber (phr), and the diatomite content is 20 phr. The diatomite is more suitable for FKM, ACM, and EPDM. The diatomite has better reinforced effect on FKM, EPDM, and ACM than silica, and FKM is the most prominent. The modified diatomite can be uniformly dispersed in the matrix of FKM, EPDM, and ACM; the compatibility is good; and the mechanical properties are excellent. It was demonstrated that the modified diatomite with green environmental protection and low cost can replace silica to reinforce and fill the three kinds of rubbers.
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Sutanto, P., F. Picchioni, L. P. B. M. Janssen, K. A. J. Dijkhuis, W. K. Dierkes, and J. W. M. Noordermeer. "EPDM rubber reclaim from devulcanized EPDM." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 102, no. 6 (2006): 5948–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.25153.

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Ibragimov, Marat A., Nelli N. Shishkina, and Elena G. Zinovjeva. "Reinforcement of Elastomers Based on Butadiene Rubbers and their Mixtures with Layered Silicates." Key Engineering Materials 869 (October 2020): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.869.158.

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The rubber compounds based on BR and on mixtures BR with EPDM containing experimental organoclay samples based on bentonites from the “Sarinskoye” deposit (Orenburg Region, Russia), additives to polymers Cloisite® 10A manufactured by Southern Clay Prod. () were compared. The increase of tensile strength at break by introduction of organoclay in rubber compounds based on BR and on mixtures BR with EPDM was determined. The compatibility of rubbers with the introduction of organoclay in the mixture BR with EPDM was improved
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Shaydurova, Galina, Dmitriy Oros, and Natalya Povarnitsyna. "RESEARCH OF ADHESIVE AND HEAT-PROTECTIVE PROPERTIES OF RUBBERS BASED ON EPDM WITH ARAMID FILLER." Perm National Research Polytechnic University Aerospace Engineering Bulletin, no. 63 (2020): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/2224-9982/2020.63.06.

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Reinforced materials of the "fabric filler-vulcanized rubber" type may be successfully operated under the condition of the specified adhesive strength at the interface of the "substrate-polymer (rubber) "contact. The article presents theoretical infor-mation about ethylene propylene (EDM) and ethylene-propylene-diene (EPDM) synthetic rubbers, known internationally under the brand name EPDM-monomer, arimide fiber and laboratory research methods. The advantages of using EDM and EPDM in the manufacture of heat-protection coatings are; high heat resistance, low density, good compatibility with fillers (mineral and synthetic), compatibility with epoxy and phenol-formaldehyde resins, belong to coking materials. The article also provides the results of experiments and analysis of the data obtained, namely, the adhesive strength and thermal effect of rubbers based on EPDM with an arimide filler of a non-woven structure. The object of the research was modified heat-protective materials based on EPDM, and the subject of the research was selected rubber compounds based on EPDM and synthetic arimide fiber. To as-sess the physicochemical and thermophysical properties, a derivatographic analysis was performed, which includes TGA and DTA, two vulcanized rubber-woven samples from rubbers of grades 51-1615, 51-2110 together with arimide fiber. For the first time, results were obtained using ethylene-propylene-diene rubbers, including modification with a phenol-formaldehyde resin, which gives a higher erosion resistance when exposed to high-speed heat flow. Analysis of the results of experimental studies has shown that the use of arimide fiber can provide higher strength and thermophysical properties of heat-protective materials. In general, the results obtained may be of practical significance for the development of new-generation products.
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Stelescu, Maria, Anton Airinei, Elena Manaila, et al. "Effects of Electron Beam Irradiation on the Mechanical, Thermal, and Surface Properties of Some EPDM/Butyl Rubber Composites." Polymers 10, no. 11 (2018): 1206. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym10111206.

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The effects of electron beam irradiation on the properties of ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM)/butyl rubber composites in presence of a polyfunctional monomer were investigated by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermal analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), attenuated total reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (ATR-IR), and mechanical and surface energy measurements. The samples were exposed over a wide range of irradiation doses (20–150 kGy). The EPDM matrix was modified with butyl rubber, chlorobutyl rubber, and bromobutyl rubber. The gel content and crosslink density were found to increase with the electron beam irradiation dose. The values of the hardness and modulus increased gradually with the irradiation dose, while the tensile strength and elongation at break decreased with increasing irradiation dose. The EPDM/butyl rubber composites presented a higher thermal stability compared to the initial EPDM sample. The incorporation of butyl rubbers into the EPDM matrix led to an increase in material hydrophobicity. A similar trend was observed when the irradiation dose increased. The greatest change in the surface free energy and the contact angles occurs at an irradiation dose of 20 kGy. The Charlesby–Pinner plots prove the tendency to crosslinking as the irradiation dose increases.
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Poh, B. T., J. Lamaming, and G. S. Tay. "Dependence of Adhesion Properties on Blend Ratio of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber/Standard Malaysian Rubber Blend Adhesive." Journal of Coatings 2013 (December 17, 2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/383276.

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Viscosity, tack and, peel and shear strengths of ethylene-propylene-diene rubber (EPDM)/standard Malaysian rubber (SMR L) blend adhesive were studied using various blend ratios of the two rubbers, ranging from 0 to 100% EPDM. Coumarone-indene resin, toluene, and poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) were used as the tackifier, solvent, and coating substrate, respectively. The tackifier content was fixed at 40 parts per hundred parts of rubber (phr). A SHEEN hand coater was used to coat the adhesive on PET film at four coating thicknesses, that is, 30, 60, 90, and 120 µm. The viscosity and adhesion properties were determined by a Brookfield viscometer and a Lloyd Adhesion Tester, respectively. Results show that the viscosity, loop tacks and peel strength of blend adhesives decrease gradually with increasing % EPDM. This observation is attributed to dilution effect and lowering in wettability and compatibility. Shear strength, however, passes through a maximum at 20–40% EPDM blend ratio, an observation which is ascribed to culmination of cohesive strength at the optimum EPDM blend ratio. Increasing coating thickness increases the adhesion properties in all blend ratios in this study.
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Su, Zhanpai, Pingkai Jiang, Qiang Li, Ping Wei, and Yong Zhang. "Toughening of Polypropylene Highly Filled with Aluminum Hydroxide." Polymers and Polymer Composites 13, no. 2 (2005): 139–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096739110501300203.

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The flame retardant and mechanical properties of polypropylene (PP), highly filled with aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) and toughened with ethylene propylene diene monomer (EPDM) and zinc neutralized sulfated EPDM ionomer (Zn-S-EPDM), were studied along with their morphology. The PP matrix when highly filled with Al(OH)3 particles can achieve an adequate level of flame retardancy, but there is a decrease in the mechanical properties because of inadequate adhesion between the Al(OH)3 particles and the PP matrix and the strong tendency of the filler to agglomerate. The rubber incorporated in the PP/Al(OH)3 composites has two roles: as compatibilizer and toughening agent. Although ordinary EPDM significantly improves the Izod impact strength of the composites, the tensile properties are much worse because of the weak interfacial adhesion between the modifier and the matrix. Using Zn-S-EPDM instead EPDM, the tensile properties are much improved with only a slight decrease in toughness, because of improvements in the interfacial adhesion between modifier and matrix. SEM micrographs show that the rubber phase is dispersed in the continuous PP matrix and that most Al(OH)3 particles are uniformly distributed in the rubbery phase. Larger, obviously rubbery, domains can be seen in the PP/EPDM/Al(OH)3 ternary composites. Much finer rubbery domains were found in the PP/Zn-S-EPDM/Al(OH)3 composites.
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Lee, Sung-Hun, Su-Yeol Park, Kyung-Ho Chung, and Keon-Soo Jang. "Phlogopite-Reinforced Natural Rubber (NR)/Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber (EPDM) Composites with Aminosilane Compatibilizer." Polymers 13, no. 14 (2021): 2318. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13142318.

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Rubber compounding with two or more components has been extensively employed to improve various properties. In particular, natural rubber (NR)/ethylene-propylene-diene monomer rubber (EPDM) blends have found use in tire and automotive parts. Diverse fillers have been applied to NR/EPDM blends to enhance their mechanical properties. In this study, a new class of mineral filler, phlogopite, was incorporated into an NR/EPDM blend to examine the mechanical, curing, elastic, and morphological properties of the resulting material. The combination of aminoethylaminopropyltrimethoxysilane (AEAPS) and stearic acid (SA) compatibilized the NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite, further improving various properties. The enhanced properties were compared with those of NR/EPDM/fillers composed of silica or carbon black (CB). Compared with the NR/EPDM/silica composite, the incompatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite without AEAPS exhibited poorer properties, but NR/EPDM/phlogopite compatibilized by AEAPS and SA showed improved properties. Most properties of the compatibilized NR/EPDM/phlogopite composite were similar to those of the NR/EPDM/CB composite, except for the lower abrasion resistance. The NR/EPDM/phlogopite/AEAPS rubber composite may potentially be used in various applications by replacing expensive fillers, such as CB.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "EPDM rubber"

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Wehrle, Robert J. "The Curing and Degradation Kinetics of EPDM Rubber." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1420455803.

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Wysocki, Clare L. "Reinforcement of Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) and Ethylene Propylene Diene Rubber (EPDM) by Zinc Dimethacrylate." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1145038716.

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Dong, Hui. "Devulcanization Of Waste EPDM Rubber And Manufacturing Of Polypropylene (Pp)/ Waste EPDM Thermoplastic Elastomers Using Ultrasonically Aided Extrusion." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1430683095.

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Hofmann, Jan. "Vliv přídavku EPDM na ozonuvzdornost SBR/NR směsí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta chemická, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-401897.

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The diploma thesis deals with the EPDM addition influence on ozone resistance of NR/SBR mixtures. The theoretical part summarizes knowledge about rubber processing, additivation and effects of ozone on vulcanized rubber. The experimental part aims on preparation of rubber blends and measurement of its mechanical, physical and rheological properties in dependance on their composition.
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Cavdar, Seda. "Effect Of Different Compositions On Rheological And Mechanical Properties Of Epdm Rubber." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608968/index.pdf.

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In this work, EPDM rubber was compounded with increasing amount of filler (FEF N 550 type carbon black), process oil (saturated mineral oil), vulcanizing agent [di (t-butylperoxy) diisopropyl benzene, i.e., BBPIB] and diene [5-ethylidenebicyclo(2.2.1)-hept-2-ene, i.e., ENB] in order to investigate mechanical and rheological properties. Effect of Increasing amount of filler was investigated by using FEF N 550 type carbon black in 35, 70, 87.5, 105 phr. Decrease in scorch times of vulcanization reactions, ts2 (25, 21, 19, and 18 s, respectively) and slight increase in rate constants for vulcanization reactions (0.0270, 0.0274, 0.0301 and 0.0302 s-1, respectively) were explained in terms of nature of semi-active filler. Effect of increasing amount of process oil was investigated by using saturated mineral oil (TUDALEN 3909) in 15, 30, 45 phr. Scorch time for vulcanization reaction and rate constants were measured as 95, 103, 97 s and 0.0277, 0.0274, 0.0291 s-1, respectively. Effect of increasing amount of vulcanizing agent was investigated by using BBPIB (PERKADOX 14/40 MB-gr) in 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 phr. The compound with 5 phr vulcanizing agent gave optimum rheometer data, crosslink density,, ultimate tensile strength, hardness, deflection and damping. Vulcanization reaction rate constant reached 0.0335 s-1 with 7.5 phr vulcanizing agent. Effect of increasing ENB ratio was investigated by using 4 different EPDM with ENB ratios 5.0, 5.6, 7.5, 8.9%. With two different cure systems, compounds with 5.6 and 7.5% ENB ratio gave optimum results. Vulcanization cure time, reaction rate constant and compression set properties changed in irregular manner.
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Broman, Emelie. "Devulcanization and reuse of peroxide cured EPDM rubber for a greener world." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för maskinteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-21860.

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Waste management of vulcanized rubber is a serious environmental problem as the molecular structure formed during the process complicates recycling. Due to this, researchers have developed a process that can break the strong bonds and return the rubber to its original state. This process is called devulcanization and is developed for the tire industry due to the large amount of waste formed from this sector. This rubber is vulcanized with sulfurs like 90 % of other rubber products. However, there exist other products that are vulcanized with peroxides where much less research has been done. Due to this, it is unclear if devulcanization is possible as a different type of bond is formed in the vulcanization process. This work therefore investigates the possibilities with recycling by devulcanization of peroxide cured rubber where a collaboration is done with Roxtec International AB. The work also investigates the possibilities with reuse of the cooperating partner’s particular rubber and how everything can be implemented to understand the efficiency of these two waste management strategies and to share knowledge.  The used method for this work is a combination of the Participatory Action Research (PAR) and the Design thinking (DT) framework. A systematic literature review has also been conducted to collect relevant material for one of the research questions. The result showed that there exist many methods and possibilities with devulcanization of peroxides if sufficient energy is provided. However, the quality of the reclaimed rubber will be lacking as the bonds in the polymers main chain are degraded which affects the mechanical properties. Due to this only a small percentage can be reused by mixing it with virgin rubber. The efficiency for peroxides is therefore lower than for sulfurs. Regarding reuse many alternative usage areas were brainstromed but once the concepts were evaluated against the limitations with the material, the needs and the sustainability factor, only few solutions survived. The winning concept became a punching bag filled with granulated rubber crumbs. When investigating how everything can be implemented it turned out that a lot of effort is needed. For example, to get favorable results, the solution will require the punching bag company to also want to work towards sustainability by adapting take back systems. Devulcanization will then require that the waste is sorted which requires a big investment in both time and money to achieve. The conclusion of this work is that devulcanization and reuse is possible and the developed system solution can take care of parts of the waste. However, the possibilities are limited and to get rid of all the waste and develop a long-term solution that is both sustainable and further prepared for the future, more actions are needed. It is therefore of high interest to start investigating the possibilities with a new material that is easy to recycle or are degradable.<br>Avfallshantering av vulkaniserat gummi är ett allvarligt miljöproblem eftersom den molekylära strukturen som bildas under processen komplicerar återvinning. På grund av detta har forskare utvecklat en process som kan bryta de starka bindningarna och återställa gummit till sitt ursprungliga tillstånd. Denna process kallas devulkanisering och är främst utvecklad för däck-industrin på grund av den stora mängden avfall som bildas från denna sektor. Detta gummi vulkaniseras med svavel som 90% av andra gummiprodukter. Det finns dock andra produkter som vulkaniseras med peroxider där mycket mindre forskning har gjorts. På grund av detta är det oklart om devulkanisering är möjlig eftersom en annan typ av bindning bildas i vulkaniseringsprocessen. Detta arbete undersöker därför möjligheterna med återvinning genom devulkanisering av peroxid härdat gummi där ett samarbete görs med Roxtec International AB. Arbetet undersöker också möjligheterna med återanvändning av samarbetspartners specifika gummi spill och hur allt kan implementeras för att förstå effektiviteten i dessa två avfallshanterings strategier och för att sprida kunskap. Den använda metoden för detta arbete var en kombination av PAR (Participatory Action Research) och design thinking (DT). En systematisk litteraturstudie har också genomförts för att samla in relevant material för en av forskningsfrågorna. Resultatet visade att det finns många metoder och möjligheter för devulkanisering av peroxider om tillräcklig energi tillhandahålls. Dock kommer kvalitén på det återvunna gummit att försämras markant då bindningarna i polymerens huvudkedja bryts vilket påverkar de mekaniska egenskaperna. På grund av detta kan endast en liten andel återanvändas genom att blanda med jungfruligt gummi. Effektiviteten för peroxider är därför lägre än för svavel. När det gäller återanvändning, brainstormades många alternativa användningsområden, men när koncepten utvärderades mot begränsningarna med materialet, behoven och hållbarhetsfaktorer överlevde bara ett fåtal lösningar. Det vinnande konceptet blev en slagsäck fylld med granulerat gummi. När det undersöktes hur allt kan implementeras visade det sig att det krävs mycket ansträngningar. Till exempel, för att få gynnsamma resultat kommer lösningen att kräva att boxsäck företaget också vill arbeta för hållbarhet genom att anpassa take back system. Devulkaniserings-processen kommer även kräva att avfallet sorteras vilket kräver en stor investering i både tid och pengar för att uppnå. Slutsatserna av detta arbete är att devulkanisering och återanvändning är möjligt och den utvecklade systemlösningen kan ta hand om delar av avfallet. Men möjligheterna är begränsade och för att bli av med allt avfall och utveckla en långsiktig lösning som både är hållbar och ytterligare förberedd för framtiden, kommer fler åtgärder att behövas. Det är därför av stort intresse att börja undersöka möjligheterna med ett nytt material som är lätt att återvinna eller är nedbrytbart.
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Young, Justin W. "In Situ Formation of Zinc Dimethacrylate for the Reinforcement of Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Rubber (EPDM)." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1116511657.

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Fagerland, Jenny. "Identification of Swelling cause on Rubber Gaskets." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för kemivetenskap (CHE), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-33095.

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The aim of this master thesis was to develop an analysis method which identifies the swelling cause of EPDM rubber gaskets. The method shall facilitate failure investigation of rubber gaskets used in plate heat exchangers which require both determinations of volatile and involatile compounds as well as polar and non-polar compounds. To achieve this goal a combination analysis method of Headspace Gas chromatography Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid-liquid extraction Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) was chosen. Three extraction fluids were tested to extract the compounds from the EPDM rubber: tetrahydrofuran, 2-propanol and supercritical carbon dioxide. The analysis method was first tested on EPDM rubber samples swelled in four known solvents with different volatility and polarity (hexane, acetic acid, 1-octanol and pentadecane). Then it was tested on EPDM rubber samples swelled in three different mixtures of these four solvents and finally on two EPDM gaskets, swelled by unknown media, that were being assessed in an actual failure investigations. The analysis method was successful in identifying compounds which caused EPDM rubber gaskets to swell but not in a way as it was supposed to. The FT-IR analysis could not be used to identify compounds in a mixture because the spectra of mixtures are very difficult to analyze. However the FT-IR results complimented the results from the GC-MS analysis which due to a poor search database was not good enough to determine the exact composition of the swelling agents by itself. The liquid extraction also gave useful information about how much swelling agents that were absorbed by the EPDM gasket. Tetrahydrofuran and 2-propanol were the most effective for extraction of the solvents. However, supercritical carbon dioxide was very good for selective extraction of non-polar compounds. The method detected both polar and non-polar compounds but non-polar compounds with low boiling point were not detected. It did not interact strongly enough with the GC-column used in this trials, because the polarity of the column was not sufficient. The method detects both volatile and involatile compounds. But to be sure that all volatile swelling agents were detected a special sample handling technique must be developed. To improve the analysis method it is suggested that the method is developed so that only GC-MS analysis is needed. This is accomplished by further GC-MS analysis with other GC-columns and better search databases. It is also suggested that the method is developed so that it is not only a qualitative analysis method but also a quantitative analysis method.  In that way it can be used as a much more effective tool during failure investigations.<br>Syftet med det här examensarbetet var att ta fram en analysmetod för att identifiera svällningsorsaker i EPDM gummipackningar. Metoden utvecklades för att underlätta haveriutredningar av havererade gummipackningar använda i plattvärmeväxlare. Kraven man kan ställa på en sådan metod är att den har ett brett detektionsområde där både polära och opolära föreningar samt lättflyktiga och svårflyktiga föreningar kan analyseras. För att uppnå dessa krav utvecklades en analysmetoden som bestod av en kombination av headspace Gas Kromatografi-Masspektrometri (GC-MS) och vätske-vätske extraktion Fourier Transform-Infraröd spektroskopi (FT-IR). Tre olika extraktionsvätskor testades för att extrahera ut de ämnena som svällt EPDM gummipackningen (2-propanol, tetrahydrofuran och superkritisk koldioxid). Analysmetoden testades först på EPDM packningar som svällt i fyra olika kända lösningsmedel med varierande kokpunkt och polaritet (hexan, ättiksyra, 1-oktanol och pentadecane). Därefter testades metoden på EPDM packningar som svällt i blandningar av dessa kända lösningsmedel och slutligen testades metoden på två EPDM packningar som havererat i plattvärmeväxlare.   Resultaten visade att analysmetoden fungerade för att identifiera ämnen som orsakat svällning i EPDM packningar men inte på det sätt som metoden från början var tänkt att fungera. FT-IR kan inte användas för att analysera de ämnen som inte detekteras med GC-MS. Detta beror framför allt på att det är väldigt svårt att identifiera ämnen i blandningar med FT-IR. Det visade sig dock att resultaten från FT-IR kunde användas för att komplettera resultaten från GC-MS (som var för dåliga på grund av en dålig sökdatabas). Resultaten från vätske-vätske extraktionen gav även användbar information om hur mycket ämnen som absorberats av packningen. Av de tre extraktions vätskor som testades var 2-propanol och tetrahydrofuran mest effektiva för att få ut de ämnen som svällt EPDM packningen. Den superkritiska koldioxiden var inte alls lika effektiv men var och andra sidan bättre om en mer selektiv extraktion av opolära ämnen önskades.   Analysmetoden detekterade både polära och opolära ämnen men opolära ämnen med låg kokpunkt detekterades inte. För att dessa ämnen ska detekteras måste en annan sorts kolonn med mer opolär stationärfas användas i GC-MS. Metoden detekterar även lättflyktiga och svårflyktiga ämnen. Men för att vara säker på att samtliga lättflyktiga ämnen som har orsakat svällningen i EPDM packningen detekteras måste en särskild provhanteringsmetod utvecklas. Detta för att säkerställa att inga ämnen lämnat packningen innan analys av EPDM packningen.   För att förbättra analysmetoden ytterligare föreslås att metoden utvecklas så att den enbart kan genomföras med GC-MS. Detta bör göras genom fler GC-MS analyser med andra sorters kolonner samt med andra bättre sökdatabaser. Det föreslås även att metoden utvecklas så att den förutom kvalitativ bestämning av ämnen som orsakat svällning även kvantitativ bestämma sammansättningen av ämnen i EPDM packningen. På så sätt fås ett ännu bättre analysverktyg vid framtida haveriutredningar.
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Bhuana, Krishna Surya. "A study of extrudate swelling and melt fracture of natural rubber blends with EPDM and SBR." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.394889.

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Kiyan, Ludmila de Ysasa Pozzo. "Aplicação da radiação gama para incorporação do pó de borracha em formulações de borracha EPDM e nitrílica." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/85/85134/tde-24102014-132112/.

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A decomposição natural da borracha é muito lenta, devido às suas estruturas vulcanizadas serem extremamente reticuladas formando uma rede tridimensional, tornando o reprocessamento desse material extremamente difícil. O presente trabalho tem como principal objetivo o estudo da aplicação da radiação gama como forma de desvulcanização para a reciclagem/reaproveitamento. Foi avaliada a interação de elastômeros com a radiação ionizante de fonte gama investigando-se as alterações nas propriedades físico-químicas dos materiais. Foram utilizadas formulações de borracha NBR (copolímero de Acrilonitrila-Butadieno) e EPDM (terpolímero etileno-propileno-dieno), provenientes da indústria de borracha, reticuladas por mistura convencional à base de enxofre. Foram preparados master-batch com pó de borracha (refugo industrial) e borracha virgem. O material processado (master-batch) foi irradiado em fonte de 60Co nas doses de 50, 100, 150 kGy e taxa de dose de 5 kGy h-1, à temperatura ambiente. O material irradiado foi incorporado nas formulações clássicas à base de enxofre. As formulações foram caracterizadas por: espectroscopia no infravermelho (FTIR), análise térmica (TG e DTG), tensão na ruptura, alongamento na ruptura, dureza, resistência à abrasão, reometria e inchamento. Os resultados mostraram uma predominância de cisão de cadeia na dose de 50 kGy para a borracha EPDM. Para a borracha nitrílica foi observada a predominância de cisão de cadeia na dose de 100 kGy. Estes resultados mostram a possibilidade do uso da radiação gama para o reaproveitamento/reciclagem das borrachas EPDM e nitrílica.<br>The natural decomposition of rubber is a very slow process due to its three-dimensional network formed by vulcanized crosslinked structures becoming extremely difficult to reprocess this material. The present work aims to study the application of gamma irradiation as devulcanization process for material reuse/recycling. The interactions of elastomers with ionizing radiation of a gamma source were investigated and the changes in physicochemical properties of the materials were evaluated. Formulations of NBR (acrylonitrile - butadiene) and EPDM (ethylene - propylene - diene terpolymer) from the rubber industry were crosslinked by conventional sulfur-based mixing. Master - batch was processed with rubber powder (industrial waste) and virgin rubber. The raw material (master batch) was irradiated in 60Co source at doses of 50, 100, 150 kGy and dose rate of 5 kGy h-1 at room temperature. The irradiated material was incorporated in classical sulfur-based formulations. The formulations were characterized by: infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG and DTG), tensile strength, elongation at break, hardness, abrasion resistance, rheometry and swelling. The results showed a predominance of chain scission at a dose of 50 kGy for EPDM rubber. For nitrile predominance of chain scission was observed at a dose of 100 kGy. These results show the possibility of the use of gamma radiation for the reuse/recycling of EPDM and nitrile rubbers.
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Books on the topic "EPDM rubber"

1

Rappa, Michael A. A comparative study of the development of two chemical technologies: Polypropylene and epdm rubber. Alfred P. Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990.

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J, Rossiter Walter, and Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Cleaning aged EPDM rubber roofing membrane material for patching: Laboratory investigations and recommendations. US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1992.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Ethylene-Propylene-Nonconjugated Diene Rubber (EPDM) in India. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Ethylene-Propylene-Nonconjugated Diene Rubber (EPDM) in China. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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The World Market for Ethylene-Propylene-Nonconjugated Diene Rubber (EPDM): A 2004 Global Trade Perspective. Icon Group International, Inc., 2005.

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Parker, Philip M. The World Market for Ethylene-Propylene-Nonconjugated Diene Rubber (EPDM): A 2007 Global Trade Perspective. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Parker, Philip M. The 2007 Import and Export Market for Ethylene-Propylene-Nonconjugated Diene Rubber (EPDM) in United States. ICON Group International, Inc., 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "EPDM rubber"

1

Gooch, Jan W. "EPDM Rubber." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers. Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_4450.

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Kato, Makoto. "Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites based on Olefinic Rubbers (EPM, EPDM)." In Rubber-Clay Nanocomposites. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118092866.ch15.

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bin Ahmad, Mohamed Aris, Ridha Arizal, and Stuart Cook. "NR/EPDM blends for extruded profile weatherstrip." In Blends of Natural Rubber. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4922-8_17.

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Cook, Stuart. "Compounding NR/EPDM blends for tyre sidewalls." In Blends of Natural Rubber. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4922-8_15.

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Cook, Stuart, and Rose Marie Escolar. "Compounding NR/EPDM blends for light-coloured applications." In Blends of Natural Rubber. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4922-8_16.

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Cook, Stuart. "Solutions to the basic problems of poor physical properties of NR/EPDM blends." In Blends of Natural Rubber. Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4922-8_14.

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Kwak, Seung Bum, Nak Sam Choi, Youn Joung Choi, and Sei Moon Shin. "Nondestructive Characterization of Degradation of EPDM Rubber for Automotive Radiator Hoses." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.565.

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Oostenbrink, A. J., R. J. M. Borggreve, and R. J. Gaymans. "The Modification of EPDM-Rubber with Maleic Anhydride by Reaction Blending." In Integration of Fundamental Polymer Science and Technology—3. Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1115-4_13.

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Zuga, M. D., L. Miu, M. Crudu, V. Bratulescu, H. Iovu, and E. Manaila. "Products of Ethylene-Propylene Terpolymer Rubber (EPDM) Obtained by an Environmentally Friendly Process." In Materials and Technologies. Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-460-x.333.

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Naresh, R., V. B. S. Rajendra Prasad, and G. Venkata Rao. "Static and Fatigue Analysis of Leaf Spring with EPDM Rubber Sandwiched Between the Steel Leaves." In Learning and Analytics in Intelligent Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24314-2_87.

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Conference papers on the topic "EPDM rubber"

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Kang, Zhixin, Chengwu Zhong, Fen Wang, Yuanyuan Li, Hidetoshi Hirahara, and Kunio Mori. "Joining Property of EPDM Rubber/Cast Iron Adherend by Functional Polymeric Nanofilm." In 2007 First International Conference on Integration and Commercialization of Micro and Nanosystems. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnc2007-21549.

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Joining of rubbers to metals are mainly divided into indirect joining and direct joining. Indirect joining with adhesives is unsuitable for complicated shape components and many adhesives are bad for the environment, whereas direct joining without any adhesive can overcome those problems. Polymer plating of 6-diallylamino-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-dithiol monosodium salt was employed for the fabrication of nanoscale film on the surface of high ductile spheroidal-graphite cast iron. With the prepared nanofilm having the affinity to EPDM rubber, direct joining of EPDM rubber/cast iron with good peel property and service performance was obtained in the process of crosslinking. The effect of crosslinking temperature on property of EPDM rubber/cast iron adherend was analyzed. It was found that the optimal crosslinking temperature is 418 K and crosslinking time is 7 min. Direct joining of rubbers/metals is suitable for adhering of complicated shape metallic parts/rubbers and for micro-joining of engineering assemblies.
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Singh, Prabjit, and Larry Palmer. "Measuring Water Permeation Through EPDM Rubber Hoses." In 2019 18th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2019.8757248.

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Kumara, Sarath, Yuriy V. Serdyuk, and Stanisalw M. Gubanski. "Surface charge relaxation in silicone rubber and EPDM." In 2009 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2009.5377877.

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Akyıldız, Tuğba, Ömer Özdemir, and Hümeyra Bozkurt. "Development of Flame Retardant EPDM based Rubber Compounds." In 7th World Congress on Mechanical, Chemical, and Material Engineering. Avestia Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.11159/iccpe21.114.

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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, and Kanji Hanashima. "The Prediction of Long-Term and Emergency Sealability of Silicone and EPDM Gaskets." In 18th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone18-30169.

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At nuclear power plants, containment vessel acts as pressure barrier in such an emergency as a loss-of-coolant accident. It is important as safety equipment to prevent radiological from leaking outside. Rubber gaskets, which are used for sealing faces of containment vessel, are needed to maintain certain sealability not only in stable condition but also in an emergent situation. Among important characteristics of the rubber gasket are not only physical property changes after general aging test (for example, tensile strength changes after heat resistance test) that indicate long-term stability of gasket itself, but also after radiation resistance test which gives potential to good substitute characteristic in terms of sealability in such cases. Physical property changes after general aging test do not always substitute sealability in an emergency, because they do not reflect effects of radiation. That is why nuclear power plant engineers must choose suitable rubber materials that have high performance in radiation resistance. In Japan, silicone rubber gaskets have been used for containment vessel for a long time since 1970th, but in the United States, ethylene propylene diene terpolymer (EPDM) gaskets have been widely used. NICHIAS has silicone rubber and EPDM materials for containment vessel and these gaskets have been used in nuclear power plant. But it is not obvious why different materials have been used in two countries because few relative comparisons of the two materials have been carried out. Especially silicone rubber and EPDM gaskets have many combinations of chemical compositions, so it is difficult to evaluate gasket suitability for containment vessel. There are many kinds of studies concerning long-term stability and life of gasket, but we all must know what characteristics relate sealability under radiation exposure condition and are suitable for guidepost of sealability under previous condition. This report compares silicone rubber gasket with EPDM gasket on physical property changes under irradiation and thermal treatment. We report compression set test results about one each type of silicone rubber and EPDM gasket under irradiation from Co60. And we also report relationships in physical property changes between irradiation and thermal treatment. Finally NICHIAS predicts long-term and emergency sealability of these gaskets from the results of evaluation. We hope it will be a part of design guideline of rubber gasket for containment vessel.
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Ramirez, I., E. Cherney, and S. Jarayam. "Silicone rubber and EPDM micro composites filled with silica and ATH." In 2011 IEEE Conference on Electrical Insulation and Dielectric Phenomena (CEIDP 2011). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ceidp.2011.6232586.

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Nituica, Mihaela, Laurentia Alexandrescu, Mihai Georgescu, et al. "Biodegradable polymeric composite based on EPDM rubber and functionalized elastomeric waste." In The 8th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2020.iv.13.

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Elastomeric and plastic materials are used in different sectors of the European Union, and their recycling and reuse is still at a low level, compared to other types of waste (paper, glass, etc.). By approaching an efficient global strategy related to waste management, it is possible to make the transition to a circular economy with low CO2 emissions, offering the population a cleaner and safer environment. Due to the transformation of waste by various methods into new value-added products, we can say that their life cycle contributes to the efficiency of the economy and to the reduction of the negative impact on the environment. Research can make a difference in preventing the generation of technological and post-consumer polymeric waste by making biodegradable polymer composites that are harmless to the environment and ecosystem. The biodegradable polymer composites based on EPDM elastomer and rubber waste (rubber powder) were made on equipment specific to elastomers and characterized rheologically and physically-mechanically according to the standards in force.
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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, Tomokazu Watanabe, and Ayumi Maezawa. "Hydrogen Permeability of Rubber Gaskets." In 2013 21st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone21-15137.

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At Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant zircaloy that was used for cladding tube was exposed to high temperature steam and Hydrogen was produced by rapid oxidation. Essentially produced oxygen had to be sealed in containment vessel and released to the air by venting. However Hydrogen released from containment vessel were stored in reactor building and exploded at the NPP. From the experience engineers recognized that countermeasure to prevent Hydrogen leak from containment vessel was required. Unfortunately there are few studies relevant to Hydrogen permeability at high temperature and demanded Hydrogen permeability coefficient of sealing material in the case of high temperature exposure. In this study tests were conducted to predict Hydrogen permeability through rubber gasket at ACCIDENT. Experimental conditions were 1) deteriorated by heat, 2) deteriorated by heat and steam, 3) at high temperature. Tests were conducted for Silicone rubber, EPDM, NBR and Fluoro-rubber and we found that there was no significant difference between the rubbers Hydrogen permeability coefficient under conditions from 1) to 3) without the case of losing its elasticity. Currently we can present basic data to predict Hydrogen leak volume from containment vessel to reactor building at ACCIDENT. Based on the data we calculated Hydrogen leak volume from containment vessel through top flange of Fukushima Dai-ichi nuclear power plant in the case that zircaloy was melted completely as example.
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Nakano, Mitsuyuki, Haruko Sasaki, and Harumi Ono. "Radiation Resistance of Rubber Compound for Gasket." In ASME 2011 Small Modular Reactors Symposium. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/smr2011-6567.

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Seals of small and medium modular reactors are considered as not important components compared with seals for the large modular reactors which are current-generation plants. Leakage of seals has been a safety concern, however seal maintenance and replacement are costly and time consuming for the current-generation plants. Therefore, integral designs of small and medium modular reactors eliminate the need for seals. However it is impossible to eliminate seals completely from the detail design and equipments. Seals consisting of organic materials are estimated as serious damaged components at design basis accident (DBA). Especially it is no exaggeration to say that rubber gaskets are weakest gasket at DBA. In the point of view we must know about behavior of rubber deterioration under condition at DBA. It is very important to select rubber compound from a viewpoint of not only adequate rubber that has characteristic required for each specification but also consideration about rubber deterioration under condition at normal plant operation and DBA. However rubber for gasket has not been selected based on precise studies with enough data concerned about the rubber deterioration because there have been less studies in the world. From compression set test, swelling test, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis, it has been indicated that chemical structure of both Ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) and Silicone rubber might be broken by radiation, and crosslinking of elastomer by radiation might progress at the same time. In fact, EPDM compounds have good results of compression set after radiation exposure and Silicone rubber does not have good results. It had been predicted that breakage and crosslinking of elastomer chemical structure caused by radiation would have been more serious on Silicone rubber. On the other hand, it has been estimated that breakage of chemical structure of Fluoro-rubber is more influenced by crosslinking of elastomer by radiation, than influence by low molecular elastomer caused by deterioration have been generated. From these results it is considered that Fluoro-rubber is weak against radiation compared to another elastomer. If Fluoro-rubber must be chosen because of its high thermal resistance for example, a radiation condition of environment should be considered seriously. Unfortunately we could not find significant correlation between compression set and general properties. However results of elongation at breakage indicates possibility of relationship to compression set.
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Arshad, A. Nekahi, S. G. McMeekin, and M. Farzaneh. "Performance comparison of silicone rubber and EPDM insulators in humid and contaminated environments." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icd.2016.7547715.

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Reports on the topic "EPDM rubber"

1

Rossiter, Walter J. Jr, and Tinh Nguyen. Cleaning of aged EPDM rubber roofing membrane material for patching:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4525.

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Rossiter, Walter J. Jr, Tinh Nguyen, W. Eric Byrd, James F. Jr Seiler, and James A. Lechner. Cleaning of aged EPDM rubber roofing membrane material for patching:. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.4544.

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NIGREY, PAUL J. Response of ethylene propylene diene monomer rubber (EPDM) to simulant Hanford tank waste. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/752052.

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