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Journal articles on the topic 'Epibenthic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Reiss, Henning, and Ingrid Kröncke. "Seasonal variability of epibenthic communities in different areas of the southern North Sea." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 6 (January 1, 2004): 882–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2004.06.020.

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Abstract Between November 2000 and May 2002, epibenthos was sampled monthly with a 2-m beam trawl at three stations along a transect from the southern German Bight towards the northeastern part of the Dogger Bank (North Sea) in order to investigate the seasonal variability of the epibenthic communities. The stations were chosen to reflect a gradient in the hydrigraphic regime, organic matter supply, and fishing effort. The epibenthic community of the southern German Bight was characterized by high biomass and abundance, dominated by Asterias rubens and Ophiura albida. In contrast, at the northern stations in the Oyster Ground and at the Dogger Bank, epibenthic biomass and abundance were substantially lower and the dominant species were mainly crustaceans such as Corystes cassivelaunus, Liocarcinus holsatus, and Pagurus bernhardus. In terms of seasonal variability, mean abundance and biomass in the southern German Bight showed highest values in the summer months and lowest values in the winter months. A similar pattern, but less distinct, was observed in the Oyster Ground. But at the Dogger Bank the pattern was different, with highest abundance and biomass values in the winter months. The differences in spatial and temporal patterns are discussed in relation to differences in temperature, thermal stratification and fishing effort at the three study sites.

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2

Hostens, K. "Spatial patterns and seasonality in the epibenthic communities of the Westerschelde (Southern Bight of the North Sea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 80, no. 1 (February 2000): 27–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315499001538.

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Beamtrawl samples were taken monthly between January 1988 and December 1989 in 14 subtidal stations along the longitudinal axis of the Westerschelde Estuary. The estuary harboured high densities of epibenthic species (total average of 2250 ind 1000 m−2). Only 37 fish species were recorded and three mobile macroinvertebrate species were quantified. Seventeen epibenthic species were common, only eight of which were very abundant. An overall dominance of the brown shrimp Crangon crangon was noted. The near absence of anadromous and freshwater species was correlated with the low oxygen concentrations upstream the Dutch–Belgian border. The epibenthic species could be divided into a polyhaline and a mesohaline community along the main salinity–oxygen–turbidity gradients of the estuary. The mesohaline zone was characterized by higher densities and biomasses for shrimps, gobies and flatfish. The spatial structure in the epibenthic community of the polyhaline zone was more influenced by the watermasses from the sea and inflowing channels, and was correlated with the degree of exposure (current velocities and tides). A classification is proposed, based on the season in which the epibenthic species occur in the estuary, and on their life stages and abundances during that period. The monthly data demonstrate that while the eight abundant epibenthic species were generally present throughout the year (summer or winter resident), the majority tended to appear in the Westerschelde at varying times (summer, winter or bimodal) and often remained in large numbers (nine common species) for only a short time. The fact that mainly juveniles were recorded in the higher density-classes, suggests that the Westerschelde Estuary still acts as a nursery area for many epibenthic species.

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3

Suzuki, Go, and Takeshi Hayashibara. "Do epibenthic algae induce species-specific settlement of coral larvae?" Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 91, no. 3 (June 2, 2010): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315410000573.

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Effect of epibenthic algae as species-specific coral settlement inducers was examined by laboratory experiments using six Acropora species. When epibenthic algae grew on artificial plates at three depths (shallow, middle and deep) on a reef slope over a period of two months, there was no effect as species-specific inducers. However, when the growth period was prolonged to five months, the larvae of Acropora digitifera which dominates on the shallow reef slope mainly settled on the plates that were conditioned at the shallow depth, while the larvae of A. muricata which dominates on the middle slope concentrated on the plates that were conditioned at the middle depth. These results indicate that epibenthic algae may act as a cue for the habitat selection of Acropora corals as a settlement inducer. However, the fact that there was no preference for specific plates in other species suggested that epibenthic algae do not act as a sole indicator in selecting a suitable settlement place for Acropora larvae.

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4

Brattegard, T., and J. H. Fosså. "Replicability of an epibenthic sampler." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 71, no. 1 (February 1991): 153–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400037462.

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Hyperbenthos was sampled at six stations on the western slope of the Norwegian Trough. Four hauls, two day and two night replicates were taken at each station. The replicates were analyzed based on all sampled individuals of Mysidacea and Decapoda Natantia using Shannon diversity index, Spearman rank correlation, G-test, Bray-Curtis similarity index and Correspondence Analysis. The sampler provided samples of mysids and shrimps with an acceptable level of replicability based on number of individuals and diversity. In a cost-efficient context it is satisfactory to take only one sample at a station.

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5

Næsje, T. F., B. Jonsson, O. T. Sandlund, and G. Kjellberg. "Habitat Switch and Niche Overlap in Coregonid Fishes: Effects of Zooplankton Abundance." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 48, no. 12 (December 1, 1991): 2307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f91-271.

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Vendace (Coregortus albula) in Lake Mjøsa lived in the pelagic zone and gillnet catches were correlated with water temperature (r2 = 0.457, p < 0.005). Whitefish (Coregonus lavaretus) exploited both epibenthic and pelagic areas. Whitefish with body lengths between 25 and 35 cm moved from the epibenthic to pelagic zone during summer; other length groups remained in epibenthic habitats. The pelagic fish returned to epibenthic areas in the autumn. Cladocerans were important food items for both fish species in the pelagic zone. The large copepod Limnocalanus macrurus was eaten only by vendace whereas surface insects were more important prey for whitefish. This suggests that vendace is the more specialized zooplanktivore. The pelagic gillnet catch of whitefish and the pelagic habitat overlap between whitefish and vendace increased with increasing zooplankton densities at depths between 0 and 50 m (r2 = 0.609 and 0.494, respectively, p < 0.01). During spring and autumn we observed a time lag between the change in zooplankton abundance and habitat switches of whitefish. The fish moved to the more profitable habitat several days after food availability had changed, indicating an element of learning in choice of habitat.

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6

Munsch, Stuart H., Julie S. Barber, Jeffery R. Cordell, Peter M. Kiffney, Beth L. Sanderson, and Jason D. Toft. "Small invertebrates in bivalve-cultivated and unmodified habitats of nearshore ecosystems." Hydrobiologia 848, no. 6 (February 22, 2021): 1249–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-021-04520-1.

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AbstractMany nearshore ecosystems are modified by aquaculture, including bivalve culture to produce food and restore extirpated populations. Small invertebrates in nearshore ecosystems support fundamental ecological processes, but the effects of bivalve culture on invertebrates are incompletely understood. Here, we compared invertebrate assemblages from multiple studies of bivalve-cultivated and unmodified nearshore habitats along the US west coast. In general, unmodified eelgrass and nearby off-bottom culture habitats with eelgrass present were inhabited by a greater abundance, richness, and diversity of epibenthic invertebrates than bottom culture and bare (mud, sand) habitats that both lacked eelgrass. Findings of individual studies suggested: minor differences in epibenthic invertebrate assemblages associated with various aquaculture practices; restoring native oysters to mudflats did not detectably alter epibenthic invertebrate abundances; epibenthic invertebrates were more abundant on shell hash introduced to mudflats than unmodified mudflats; and benthic invertebrates were less abundant, rich, and diverse in habitats cultured on bottom by Manila clams. Considering the range of these patterns, there appears to be potential for coastal communities to restore extirpated bivalve populations or develop bivalve culture practices that meet objectives to grow food while maintaining nearshore ecosystems’ fundamental processes supported by robust invertebrate assemblages.

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7

Service, M., and B. H. Magorrian. "The Extent and Temporal Variation of Disturbance to Epibenthic Communities in Strangford Lough, Northern Ireland." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 77, no. 4 (November 1997): 1151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400038686.

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Side-scan sonar and underwater video were used to determine the impact of a trawl fishery on an epibenthic community associated with the horse mussel, Modiolus modiolus in a Northern Ireland sea lough. The presence of marks caused by trawl otter-boards on the sediments could be clearly seen using side-scan sonar and changes to the epibenthos are described from the video survey. It is apparent from the side-scan sonar survey that changes have occurred in the structure of the superficial sediments on heavily trawled areas. However, there was no clear indication of temporal changes. The utility of side-scan sonar coupled with GIS techniques to detect temporal and spatial effects is discussed.

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8

Hesthagen, T., O. Hegge, J. Skurdal, and B. K. Dervo. "Differences in habitat utilization among native, native stocked, and non-native stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta) in a hydroelectric reservoir." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 52, no. 10 (October 1, 1995): 2159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f95-808.

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Native and native-stocked brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Lake Tesse, a regulated hydroelectric reservoir (southern Norway), were spatially segregated according to size: small individuals occurred mainly in the epibenthic habitat and larger individuals mainly in the pelagic habitat. In contrast, all size groups of non-native stocked brown trout were mostly restricted to the epibenthic habitat. Age-specific lengths were generally larger for non-native than for native stocked trout, which were larger than native fish. However, growth rate between age 3 and 4 was significantly lower for non-native stocked fish than for native and native stocked fish. Differences in body length were mainly due to strain but also to some extent to habitat. Native fish had significantly fuller stomachs in the pelagic than in the epibenthic habitat in summer. Epibenthic non-native fish had significantly fuller stomachs than native and native stocked fish in August but not in July. Native and native stocked fish fed mainly on surface insects and planktonic crustaceans in both habitats. We hypothesize that the non-native brown trout stocked in Lake Tesse do not use the pelagic habitat in the home lake and are therefore less adapted to utilize such habitat than populations originating from lakes where pelagic habitat is available.

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9

Starmans, A., and J. Gutt. "Mega-epibenthic diversity: a polar comparison." Marine Ecology Progress Series 225 (2002): 45–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps225045.

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10

Gaston, Gary R. "Green-Winged Teal Ingest Epibenthic Meiofauna." Estuaries 15, no. 2 (June 1992): 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1352696.

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11

Callaway, Ruth, Simon Jennings, John Lancaster, and John Cotter. "Mesh-size matters in epibenthic surveys." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 82, no. 1 (February 2002): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540200512x.

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This study aimed to identify the effects of different sieve mesh-sizes on processing time, the number of species retained, diversity measures and multivariate community analysis in the North Sea. Samples were collected at 63 sites throughout the North Sea and washed through two successive sieves, 10-mm and 5-mm mesh respectively. Processing time for whole samples (5- and 10-mm fraction) averaged 91± 25 min compared with 55±16 min for the 10-mm mesh fraction. Altogether 40% of free-living species and 9% of attached species were recorded exclusively in the 5-mm fraction. The majority of these species were rare. Spatial gradients of species diversity and community structure were identical, independent of the mesh-size used. Multivariate community analysis showed no significant difference between descriptions of community structure based on fauna from 10-mm or 5-mm mesh. The use of coarser sieving mesh would save time and money, if the aims of an epibenthic survey were to describe broad patterns of community structure and relative diversity. It would be possible to process approximately 50% more samples, if the time saved with 10-mm mesh were allocated to additional sampling. However, if information on single species is required, then sorting with the finer sieve mesh will yield crucial information. It was decided to employ a 5-mm mesh for epibenthic monitoring of the North Sea.

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12

Zühlke, Ruth, John Alvsvåg, Ingeborg de Boois, John Cotter, Siegfried Ehrich, Alex Ford, Hilmar Hinz, et al. "Epibenthic diversity in the North Sea." Senckenbergiana maritima 31, no. 2 (December 2001): 269–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03043036.

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13

Hicks, Geoffrey R. F. "Does epibenthic structure negatively affect meiofauna?" Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 133, no. 1-2 (December 1989): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(89)90156-1.

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14

Linse, Katrin, and Angelika Brandt. "Distribution of Epibenthic Mollusca on a Transect Through the Beagle Channel (Southern Chile)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 3 (August 1998): 875–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400044842.

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During the Joint Chilean–German–Italian Magellan ‘Victor Hensen’ Campaign in 1994 an epibenthic sledge (EBS) was used to catch the epibenthic and benthic-boundary-layer macrofauna.Eighteen EBS samples were taken at 12 locations on a transect through the Beagle Channel. The aims of the study were to describe the epibenthic molluscan species, to quantify their abundances and to describe their distribution. In total 35,087 specimens were collected, yielding 107,223 ind 1000 nr−2. Bivalvia were most abundant 78,615 individuals (52 spp.) followed by Gastropoda (17,289, 52spp.), Aplacophora (4745, 9 spp.), Polyplacophora (4665) and Scaphopoda (1909,5 spp.). The molluscan abundance of the hauls were strikingly different, between 3 and 37,927 ind 1000 m−2 haul. Only stations off the eastern entrance showed high abundances, which was represented at all depths and sediments. Elsewhere the abundances were low. Species richness was highest in shallow water (< 100 m) with 69 species and decreased with depth. But at the deepest station 37 species were found.

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15

Lewis, Mark. "CSIRO-SEBS (Seamount, Epibenthic Sampler), a new epibenthic sled for sampling seamounts and other rough terrain." Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers 46, no. 6 (June 1999): 1101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0967-0637(98)00107-1.

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16

Serrano, Alberto, Francisco Sánchez, and Gerardo García-Castrillo. "Epibenthic communities of trawlable grounds of the Cantabrian Sea." Scientia Marina 70, S1 (June 29, 2006): 149–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.2006.70s1149.

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17

Glavičić, Igor, Marcelo Kovačić, Alen Soldo, and Ulrich Schliewen. "A quantitative assessment of the diel influence on the cryptobenthic fish assemblage of the shallow Mediterranean infralittoral zone." Scientia Marina 84, no. 1 (March 3, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04994.21a.

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Cryptobenthic fishes are an underestimated and probably important component of coastal marine ecosystems that are usually overlooked by standard methods for collecting and studying benthic fishes. Studies focusing on cryptobenthic fishes have been rare and all have been based on samples taken during daytime. The present study tested the difference in epibenthic and cryptobenthic fish composition, diel differences in cryptobenthic fish assemblage and diel shifts of infralittoral fish species between hidden and open bottom spaces. It also looked for the significant habitat variables structuring the cryptobenthic fish assemblage. The daylight, sunset and night samples of epibenthic and cryptobenthic fish assemblages were collected from 78 squares of 1 m2 shallow water plots (0.5 to 3 m) on Brač island in the eastern Adriatic. The study recorded 27 species, among which the family Gobiidae dominated fish diversity with 14 species. Cryptobenthic specimens highly outnumbered epibenthic specimens, with a ratio of 7.5 to 1. Species composition of cryptobenthic and epibenthic fish assemblages differed significantly. No diel variation in composition, species richness or abundance of the cryptobenthic fish assemblage was detected. Occurrence frequencies in hidden and open bottom spaces of ambivalent species did not change significantly between times of day, so no dial switches between open and hidden places were apparent. In combination, these results suggest that the cryptobenthic fish assemblage has diel stability and is mostly composed of permanent inhabitants of hidden spaces with domination of miniature gobies. Significant habitat variables for species occurrence were the presence of multiple layers, bottom inclination and the presence of cobbles, while depth also had a large but not significant effect.

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18

Meißner, Karin, Nils Brenke, and Jörundur Svavarsson. "Benthic Habitats Around Iceland Investigated During the IceAGE Expeditions." Polish Polar Research 35, no. 2 (July 29, 2014): 177–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/popore-2014-0016.

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Abstract During the IceAGE (Icelandic marine Animals – Genetics and Ecology) expeditions in waters around Iceland and the Faroe Islands in 2011 and 2013, visual assessments of habitats and the study of surface sediment characteristics were undertaken in 119–2750 m water depth. Visual inspection was realized by means of an epibenthic sled equipped with a digital underwater video camcorder and a still camera. For determination of surface sediment characteristics a subsample of sediment from box corer samples or different grabs was collected and analyzed in the lab. Muddy bottoms predominated in the deep basins (Iceland Basin, Irminger Basin, deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas), while sand and gravel dominated on the shelves and the ridges, and in areas with high currents. Organic contents were highest in the deep Norwegian and Iceland Seas and in the Iceland Basin, and at these sites dense aggregations of mobile epibenthic organisms were observed. Large dropstones were abundant in the Iceland Sea near the shelf and in the Denmark Strait. The dropstones carried diverse, sessile epibenthic fauna, which may be underestimated using traditional sampling gear. The paper supplies new background information for studies based on IceAGE material, especially studies related to ecology and taxonomy.

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19

Cartes, Joan E. "Feeding Strategies and Partition of Food Resources in Deep-Water Decapod Crustaceans (400–2300 m)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 78, no. 2 (May 1998): 509–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002531540004159x.

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Food resource partitioning and trends in feeding strategies were examined in 3882 individual decapod crustaceans collected from 1989 to 1990, using bottom trawls at depths between 380 and 2261 m in the Catalan Sea (western Mediterranean). The vertical distribution of available food resources near the bottom was the most important factor responsible for food resource partitioning among bathyal decapod crustaceans by depth stratum and season. Decapods were assigned to five different trophic groups according to the food resource exploited and feeding strategy employed (macroplankton feeders, macroplankton-epibenthic feeders, epibenthic feeders, epibenthic-endobenthic feeders, and deposit feeders). There was little dietary overlap, indicating that species did partition the available resources. Overall, dietary overlap values among species increased with depth. Although a trend to increase H’ values for diets with depth was observed, this was not significant (P < 0.10), whereas differences in the percentage of empty stomachs and the frequency of foraminiferans and pteropods in the foreguts increased significantly (P < 0.05) with depth. This last result is indicative of a progressive increase in the importance of deposit feeding in decapod crustaceans as depth increases.

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20

Cattaneo-Vietti, Riccardo, Giancarlo Albertelli, Giorgio Bavestrello, Carlo Nike Bianchi, Carlo Cerrano, Mariachiara Chiantore, Laura Gaggero, Carla Morri, and Stefano Schiaparelli. "Can Rock Composition Affect Sublittoral Epibenthic Communities?" Marine Ecology 23, s1 (December 2002): 65–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0485.2002.tb00008.x.

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21

McClanahan, T. R., and N. A. Muthiga. "Comparative sampling methods for subtidal epibenthic gastropods." Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology 164, no. 1 (November 1992): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-0981(92)90138-z.

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22

Jennings, Simon, John Lancaster, Andrew Woolmer, and John Cotter. "Distribution, diversity and abundance of epibenthic fauna in the North Sea." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 79, no. 3 (June 1999): 385–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315498000502.

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The assemblages of attached and freeliving epibenthic species in the North Sea are described, based on analysis of samples collected with a small beam trawl. Clustering of survey sites based on the presence or absence of attached species indicated that three regions had characteristic assemblages: the northern North Sea, the central North Sea from 55 to 57°N and the southern North Sea. Clustering of sites based on counts of free-living epibenthic species also revealed that the sites formed three major groups but these corresponded to regions in the north-east North Sea, the northern and western central North Sea and the southern and eastern central North Sea. Species which contributed most to the similarity within and dissimilarity between groups were identified. The environmental factors which best accounted for the grouping of sites were depth, winter temperature and the temperature difference between winter and summer for attached species and depth and the temperature difference between winter and summer for free-living species. The species richness of attached and free-living epibenthic species was higher in the central and northern North Sea than in the south. The number of abundant (Hill's N1) and very abundant (Hill's N2) free-living species also increased from south to north.

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23

Ward, T., and SF Rainer. "Decapod Crustaceans of the North West Shelf, a Tropical Continental Shelf of North-western Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 39, no. 6 (1988): 751. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9880751.

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The North West Shelf is a tropical continental shelf with a highly diverse fauna of epibenthic decapod crustaceans. The 357 taxa of epibenthic crustaceans, including 308 decapods, recorded from four sites are more than reported from any other continental shelf. The dominant taxa were amphipods, portunid crabs, xanthid crabs, palaemonid shrimps, hermit crabs, crangonid shrimps, sergestid shrimps, and majid crabs, in decreasing order of abundance. The most diverse family was the leucosiid crabs, containing 39 species. The number of crustacean species collected was similar at both 40 m and 80 m depth, and only 35% of the most common species differed in abundance between the depths. The abundances of 30% of these common species appeared to be related to particle size of the sediment or to the biomass of large sedentary fauna. The abundance of 45% of the most abundant, mainly small, species differed between two sampling times 6 months apart. The abundance of many decapod crustacean species was related to depth, sediment type, bottom type, or sedentary fauna. It is concluded that the epibenthic decapod fauna at 40 and 80 m depth on the North West Shelf is a broadly distributed assemblage with high diversity, some environmentally determined pattern and, in smaller animals, significant seasonal variability.

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Cohen, Brian F., David R. Currie, and Matthew A. McArthur. "Epibenthic community structure in Port Phillip Bay, Victoria, Australia." Marine and Freshwater Research 51, no. 7 (2000): 689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf00027.

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Epibenthic community structure in Port Phillip Bay was examined from quantitative diver samples collected at 30 depth-stratified stations during 1998. Analysis of variance showed a strong trend of decreasing epibenthic abundance, biomass and species diversity with depth. Reductions in these three parameters were most pronounced over shallow inshore waters and could be attributed largely to decreases in the abundance of the heavy, mat-forming ascidian Pyura stolonifera with depth. Four epifaunal community groupings, closely reflecting differences in sediment and habitat type within the bay, were identified from ordinations of species abundance and biomass data. The four epifaunal groupings also closely matched distributional patterns observed in other studies in both demersal fish and infaunal communities. Epifaunal communities in the bay were dominated by filter-feeding organisms which accounted for nearly 95% of the total species abundance and 98% of the total species biomass. Seven of the 63 epibenthic organisms collected during the survey are exotic introductions to the bay (Sabella spallanzanii, Ascidiella aspersa, Styela clava, Styela plicata, Ciona intestinalis, Pyromaia tuberculata and Asterias amurensis). As many of these species are widespread and abundant (35% of all individuals), their effects on the ecology of Port Phillip Bay are likely to be significant.

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25

Brenke, Nils. "An Epibenthic Sledge for Operations on Marine Soft Bottom and Bedrock." Marine Technology Society Journal 39, no. 2 (June 1, 2005): 10–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533205787444015.

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A multi-purpose epibenthic sledge, designed for sampling of small benthic macrofauna in marine habitats and at any navigable depth, is presented. The new epibenthic sledge operates reliably on soft sediments in shallow and in open oceanic deep water, as well as on steep slopes, between rocks and glacier moraines as frequently found in Antarctic waters, and on primary hard substrate. The construction is of high mechanical stability with fully protected nets. In case of damage, parts of the sledge can be replaced or repaired easily on board. A description of the gear with a detailed construction plan, as well as parameters for handling in diverse marine habitats, is given. Calculation of the towing distance and first results with possible sources of errors are discussed.

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26

Stephenson, Fabrice, Aileen C. Mill, Catherine L. Scott, Nicholas V. C. Polunin, and Clare Fitzsimmons. "Experimental potting impacts on common UK reef habitats in areas of high and low fishing pressure." ICES Journal of Marine Science 74, no. 6 (February 23, 2017): 1648–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsx013.

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Abstract Impacts of mobile fishing gears on habitat and benthos have been well-documented; in contrast, less studied physical impacts of static fishing gear on benthic habitats are still debated. Pot fishing, is a growing sector in the UK and evidence of any impacts is needed to inform management. This study simulated high intensity experimental pot fishing on the epibenthos of two common UK reef habitats in Northumberland, UK. Single tethered pots were fished in intensively and lightly fished areas over the course of 2 months. Within each area, three experimental sites and control sites were surveyed before and after fishing using photoquadrats (n = 240 per 290 m2 site) collected by scuba divers. PERMANOVA analysis indicated no evidence of epibenthic species abundances decreasing due to physical crushing or abrasion from potting on either intensively or lightly fished reefs. A shift in community composition over time was detected but was attributed to natural change as epibenthos in control sites shifted similarly. Experimental pot impacts far exceeded those of the local commercial pot fishery, providing relevant evidence for statutory governing bodies revisiting current fisheries management. Results are applicable across Western Europe due to the selection of habitats with abundant and commonly distributed benthic species.

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27

Clausen, Sebastien, and J. Javier Álvaro. "Encrusting strategies in a Cambrian nonreefal epibenthic community." Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 173, no. 6 (November 1, 2002): 553–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/173.6.553.

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Abstract Microfossils released by the action of acids from the Cambrian Valdemiedes Formation (Iberian Chains, NE Spain) contain evidence that encrusting microepifauna (foraminifers and serpulid tube worms) infested shelled hard substrates in nonreefal environments. They appear to have exploited parasitic and/or commensal ecological niches under medium- to low-energy bottom conditions. Despite the gregariousness character of the epifauna, skeletal overgrowths are rare, reflecting low-patterns on competitive interactions for space. Cambrian psammosphaerids (agglutinated foraminifers) were able to dissolve partly calcareous shells: although no evidence of pitting is observed, distinct depressed scars occur on the internal sides of host shells. The serpulids experienced a population bloom during the ecosystem recovery interval after the community turnover represented by the Valdemiedes event, and sharply disappeared during the ensuing return to background conditions. By contrast, the psammosphaerids are relatively abundant across the event, increasing in abundance during the same bloom of opportunistic taxa.

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D’Amours, O., P. Archambault, CW McKindsey, and LE Johnson. "Local enhancement of epibenthic macrofauna by aquaculture activities." Marine Ecology Progress Series 371 (November 19, 2008): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps07672.

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29

Grainger, EH. "Exploitation of arctic sea ice by epibenthic copepods." Marine Ecology Progress Series 77 (1991): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps077119.

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Nalepa, Thomas F., and Michael A. Quigley. "Distribution of Epibenthic Microcrustaceans in Nearshore Lake Michigan." Freshwater Invertebrate Biology 4, no. 2 (May 1985): 53–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1467177.

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31

Wethey, DS, and LJ Walters. "Quantifying spatial patterns of overgrowth in epibenthic communities." Marine Ecology Progress Series 29 (1986): 271–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps029271.

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32

Sheehan, Emma V., Sarah C. Gall, Sophie L. Cousens, and Martin J. Attrill. "Epibenthic Assessment of a Renewable Tidal Energy Site." Scientific World Journal 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/906180.

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Concern over global climate change as a result of fossil fuel use has resulted in energy production from renewable sources. Marine renewable energy devices provide clean electricity but can also cause physical disturbance to the local environment. There is a considerable paucity of ecological data at potential marine renewable energy sites that is needed to assess potential future impacts and allow optimal siting of devices. Here, we provide a baseline benthic survey for the Big Russel in Guernsey, UK, a potential site for tidal energy development. To assess the suitability of proposed sites for marine renewable energy in the Big Russel and to identify potential control sites, we compared species assemblages and habitat types. This baseline survey can be used to select control habitats to compare and monitor the benthic communities after installation of the device and contribute towards the optimal siting of any future installation.

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McKnight, D. G., and P. K. Probert. "Epibenthic communities on the Chatham Rise, New Zealand." New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research 31, no. 4 (December 1997): 505–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00288330.1997.9516784.

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34

Ravelo, Alexandra M., Brenda Konar, John H. Trefry, and Jacqueline M. Grebmeier. "Epibenthic community variability in the northeastern Chukchi Sea." Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography 102 (April 2014): 119–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2013.07.017.

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35

Chiantore, Mariachiara, Simon F. Thrush, Valentina Asnaghi, and Judi E. Hewitt. "The multiple roles of β-diversity help untangle community assembly processes affecting recovery of temperate rocky shores." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 8 (August 2018): 171700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171700.

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Metacommunity theory highlights the potential of β-diversity as a useful link to empirical research, especially in diverse systems where species exhibit a range of stage-dependent dispersal characteristics. To investigate the importance of different components and scales of β-diversity in community assembly, we conducted a large-scale disturbance experiment and compared relative recovery across multiple sites and among plots within sites on the rocky shore. Six sites were spread along 80 km of coastline and, at each site, five plots were established, matching disturbed and undisturbed quadrats. Recovery was not complete at any of the sites after 1 year for either epibenthos (mostly composed of macroalgae and, locally, mussels) or infauna. Significant differences in recovery among sites were observed for epibenthos but not for infauna, suggesting that different community assembly processes were operating. This was supported by epibenthos in the recovering plots having higher species turnover than in undisturbed sediment, and recovery well predicted by local diversity, while infaunal recovery was strongly influenced by the epibenthic community's habitat complexity. However, infaunal community recovery did not simply track formation of habitat by recovering epibenthos, but appeared to be overlain by within-site and among-site aspects of infaunal β-diversity. These results suggest that documenting changes in the large plants and animals alone will be a poor surrogate for rocky shore community assembly processes. No role for ecological connectivity (negative effect of among-site β-diversity) in driving recovery was observed, suggesting a low risk of effects from multiple disturbances propagating along the coast, but a limited resilience at the site scale to large-scale disturbances such as landslides or oil spills.

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36

Beazley, Lindsay I., Ellen L. Kenchington, Francisco Javier Murillo, and María del Mar Sacau. "Deep-sea sponge grounds enhance diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna in the Northwest Atlantic." ICES Journal of Marine Science 70, no. 7 (August 16, 2013): 1471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst124.

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AbstractBeazley, L. I., Kenchington E. L., Murillo, F. J., and Sacau, M. 2013. Deep-sea sponge grounds enhance diversity and abundance of epibenthic megafauna in the Northwest Atlantic. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 70: . The influence of structure-forming deep-water sponge grounds on the composition, diversity, and abundance of the local epibenthic megafaunal community of the Flemish Pass area, Northwest Atlantic was statistically assessed. These habitats are considered vulnerable marine ecosystems and, therefore, warrant conservation measures to protect them from bottom fishing activities. The epibenthic megafauna were quantified from four photographic transects, three of which were located on the western slope of the Flemish Cap with an overall depth range of 444–940 m, and the fourth in the southern Flemish Pass between 1328 and 1411 m. We observed a diverse megafaunal community dominated by large numbers of ophiuroids and sponges. On the slope of the Flemish Cap, sponge grounds were dominated by axinellid and polymastid sponges, while the deeper sponge ground in the southern Flemish Pass was formed mainly by geodiids and Asconema sp. The presence of structure-forming sponges was associated with a higher biodiversity and abundance of associated megafauna compared with non-sponge habitat. The composition of megafauna significantly differed between sponge grounds and non-sponge grounds and also between different sponge morphologies. Surface chlorophyll a and near-bottom salinity were important environmental determinants in generalized linear models of megafaunal species richness and abundance.

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Zerebecki, RA, AR Hughes, J. Goff, TC Hanley, W. Scheffel, and KL Heck Jr. "Effect of foundation species composition and oil exposure on wetland communities across multiple trophic levels." Marine Ecology Progress Series 662 (March 18, 2021): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13624.

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Climate-driven range shifts can result in altered mixtures of foundation species that can affect ecosystem structure and function. Higher diversity mixed assemblages may moderate disturbance impacts, yet this prediction has rarely been tested. The Deepwater Horizon oil spill provided an opportunity to examine the effects of salt marsh foundation species identity and composition on the response of both plant and faunal communities to oil disturbance. In the northern Gulf of Mexico, salt marshes are typically dominated by the foundation species smooth cordgrass, Spartina alterniflora. However, the sub-tropical black mangrove, Avicennia germinans, is expanding northward and increasingly growing with, and even replacing, Spartina. Based on a series of field surveys in the Chandeleur Islands, Louisiana, we found that oil exposure had few impacts on the plant community 5 yr post-oiling, though oil disturbance shifted the interaction among foundation species, increasing Avicennia’s competitive advantage and likely enhancing mangrove expansion. In contrast, abundance of the epibenthic animal community was reduced by ~30% and community composition was altered at oiled sites. Mixed foundation species assemblages provided few reductions in oil impacts within either trophic level. Strong habitat associations of epibenthic taxa, coupled with oil effects on individual foundation species, likely suppressed any advantage of mixed vegetation on the associated fauna. Our survey highlights that plant and epibenthic animal responses to disturbance can be decoupled, emphasizing the importance of examining both simultaneously to better understand and predict long-term responses.

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Pitcher, CR, TD Skewes, DM Dennis, and JH Prescott. "Distribution of seagrasses, substratum types and epibenthic macrobiota in Torres Strait, with notes on pearl oyster abundance." Marine and Freshwater Research 43, no. 2 (1992): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9920409.

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The benthic habitat of Torres Strait was surveyed in May-June 1989, using almost 600 transects (each 4 × 500 m) randomly dispersed over an area of about 25 000 km2. The distribution and relative abundance of seagrasses were estimated visually and mapped, along with the distributions of substratum types and epibenthic macrobiota; pearl oyster abundance was also estimated. Seagrasses were seen in most transects and, though very patchy at small scales, tended to increase from almost zero abundance in the southern and eastern areas of the survey to moderately dense in north-western Torres Strait. The epibenthic macrobiota and the substratum type also varied greatly, with the greatest diversity and abundance of biota associated with the harder substrata. The survey area supported an estimated 1.2-2.5 million pearl oysters, and though their density varied significantly with habitat type, the latter accounted for only about 12% of the variance.

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CATALAN, I. A., A. DUNAND, I. ÁLVAREZ, J. ALOS, N. COLINAS, and R. D. M. NASH. "An evaluation of sampling methodology for assessing settlement of temperate fish in seagrass meadows." Mediterranean Marine Science 15, no. 2 (March 17, 2014): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.539.

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All demersal fish with planktonic larvae settle at some point early in life, generally around the transformation from larvae to juveniles or soon after. Sampling pre-settlement or very young, settled fish is challenging due to spatial concretions within the habitat and the pulsed, rapid nature of the settlement process. There is a lack of robust methods that enable this sampling, but information on the settlement, that represents a mortality bottleneck, is crucial for the follow-up of populations for fisheries and conservation purposes. An empirical evaluation of sampling methods has not been conducted in temperate habitats. Here, we compare six different sampling methods to collect pre- and post-settlement stages of fish to determine the best combination of techniques to utilise in Posidonia oceanica, an endemic Mediterranean seagrass that provides a key nursery habitat for coastal fish. We considered three types of pelagic nets (bongo net, neuston net and ring net), two types of light-traps (Quatrefoil and Ecocean CARE®) to sample pre-settled stages and a low-impact epibenthic trawl for recent settlers. Our results show a significantly different size-spectrum for each method, with a continuous range of sizes from 2 mm to 200 mm. The smallest sizes were collected by the bongo net, followed by the ring net, the neuston net, the Quatrefoil, the Ecocean and finally the epibenthic trawl. Our results suggest that an appropriate strategy for collecting and estimating the abundance of key littoral fish species around settlement size is the combination of the Ecocean light trap and the epibenthic trawl.

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40

Bluhm, BA, K. Iken, S. Mincks Hardy, BI Sirenko, and BA Holladay. "Community structure of epibenthic megafauna in the Chukchi Sea." Aquatic Biology 7 (December 8, 2009): 269–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ab00198.

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41

Wickham, SA, S. Nagel, and H. Hillebrand. "Control of epibenthic ciliate communities by grazers and nutrients." Aquatic Microbial Ecology 35 (2004): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/ame035153.

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42

Moncer, Malika, Asma Hamza, Wafa Feki-Sahnoun, Lotfi Mabrouk, and Malika Bel Hassen. "Variability patterns of epibenthic microalgae in eastern Tunisian coasts." Scientia Marina 81, no. 4 (December 15, 2017): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/scimar.04651.17a.

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Epiphytic microalgae were monitored on various substrates of seagrass and macroalgae and in the water column for one year (from March 2013 to March 2014) in Oued Lafrann along the eastern coast of Chebba (Tunisia) with a focus on the distribution patterns of the epibenthic toxic dinoflagellates Ostreopsis cf. ovata, Prorocentrum lima and Coolia monotis. Microalgae assemblages were dominated by diatoms and dinoflagellates both in the water column and on vegetation. High concentrations of epiphytic toxic and potentially toxic dinoflagellates were preferentially hosted by Posidonia leaves, mainly in the apical and middle regions of the leaves, and P. lima was the dominant species. A significant positive correlation was found between P. lima concentrations on Posidonia and in the water column, suggesting that macrophytes should be sampled in the framework of harmful algal species monitoring. Ostreopsis cf. ovata, exhibited low concentrations and was mainly present on the inner surface of the Posidonia leaf, whereas P. lima was mainly present on the outer surface of the leaf, suggesting a likely space competition.

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43

Sköld, Mattias. "Escape responses in four epibenthic brittle stars (Ophiuroidea: Echinodermata)." Ophelia 49, no. 3 (December 1998): 163–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00785326.1998.10409380.

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44

Hossain, M. Belal, David J. Marshall, and Jason M. Hall-Spencer. "Epibenthic community variation along an acidified tropical estuarine system." Regional Studies in Marine Science 32 (November 2019): 100888. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rsma.2019.100888.

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45

Perron, Monique M., Kay T. Ho, Mark G. Cantwell, Robert M. Burgess, and Marguerite C. Pelletier. "Effects of triclosan on marine benthic and epibenthic organisms." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 31, no. 8 (June 14, 2012): 1861–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.1884.

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46

Achilleos, Katerina, Maria Patsalidou, Carlos Jimenez, Nikolaos Kamidis, Andreas Georgiou, Antonis Petrou, and Argyris Kallianiotis. "Epibenthic Communities on Artificial Reefs in Greece, Mediterranean Sea." Water 10, no. 4 (March 21, 2018): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10040347.

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47

Hudon, Christiane, and Pierre Legendre. "THE ECOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS OF GROWTH FORMS IN EPIBENTHIC DIATOMS." Journal of Phycology 23, no. 3 (September 1987): 434–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.1987.tb02529.x.

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48

Fernandez-Leborans, Gregorio, and Delia Fernandez-Fernandez. "Protist functional groups in a sublittoral estuarine epibenthic area." Estuaries 25, no. 3 (June 2002): 382–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02695981.

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49

Starmans, A., J. Gutt, and W. E. Arntz. "Mega-epibenthic communities in Arctic and Antarctic shelf areas." Marine Biology 135, no. 2 (November 5, 1999): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050624.

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50

Howard, RK, and JD Koehn. "Population dynamics and feeding ecology of pipefish (Syngnathidae) associated with eelgrass beds of Western Port, Victoria." Marine and Freshwater Research 36, no. 3 (1985): 361. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf9850361.

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Three species of pipefish, Urocarnpus carinirostris Castelnau, Vanacarnpus phillipi (Lucus) and Mitotichthys semistriatus (Kaup), occurred regularly in collections from eelgrass beds of Western Port. A fourth species, Stigmatopora nigra Kaup, was rare. U. carinirostris and V. philippi dominated catches. Brooding males were present for 6-9 months of the year, juveniles were recruited in summer and early autumn, and both species were annual. The pipefish fauna included two main behavioural types. V. phillipi and M. sernistriatus oriented themselves horizontally and were relatively strong swimmers. U. carinirostris and S. nigra were more sedentary, attaching themselves to benthic vegetation by means of a prehensile tail. The latter two species closely mimicked eelgrass leaves in movements, orientation and colour. All inhabited the eelgrass leaf canopy except V. phillipi, which occupied the sediment-water interface. The pipefish were visually orienting, sit-and-wait predators. Pelagic or epibenthic copepods and small epibenthic amphipods comprised the bulk of diets; only V. phillipi ingested polychaetes and plant detritus.

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