Academic literature on the topic 'Epicardial coronary stenosis'

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Journal articles on the topic "Epicardial coronary stenosis"

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Merkus, Daphne, Judy Muller-Delp, and Cristine L. Heaps. "Coronary microvascular adaptations distal to epicardial artery stenosis." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 320, no. 6 (2021): H2351—H2370. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00992.2020.

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Until recently, epicardial coronary stenosis has been considered the primary outcome of coronary heart disease, and clinical interventions have been dedicated primarily to the identification and removal of flow-limiting stenoses. However, a growing body of literature indicates that both epicardial stenosis and microvascular dysfunction contribute to damaging myocardial ischemia. In this review, we discuss the coexistence of macro- and microvascular disease, and how the structure and function of the distal microcirculation is impacted by the hemodynamic consequences of an epicardial, flow-limit
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Park, S. J., R. Pifarre, H. Sullivan, A. Montoya, and S. Y. Kim. "Natural History of Allograft Coronary Arteriopathy: A Retrospective Study of 54 Patients over a 81/2-Year Period." Cardiovascular Surgery 4, no. 1 (1996): 37–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096721099600400107.

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A total of 288 patients underwent heart transplantation at Loyola University Medical Center over a 81/2-year period starting in March, 1984. Of these patients. 54 were identified as having allograft coronary arteriopathy. Diagnosis was made on the basis of abnormal findings on coronary angiography in 44 patients; either an autopsy or explanted heart revealed the diagnosis in the remainder. A total of 279 abnormal lesions were identified by coronary angiography, and over 70% of these stenoses were discrete and located in large epicardial vessels. The left ventricular ed-diastolic pressure demon
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Schwartz, J. S., and R. J. Bache. "Effect of arteriolar dilation on coronary artery diameter distal to coronary stenoses." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 249, no. 5 (1985): H981—H988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1985.249.5.h981.

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Previous studies have suggested that worsening hemodynamic severity of coronary stenoses in response to distal arteriolar dilation may be related to dilation of the normal epicardial artery adjacent to the stenosis resulting in increasing percent stenosis. To test this hypothesis we used sonomicrometry to continuously measure external circumflex coronary artery diameter distal to snare stenoses of varying severity in 19 open-chest dogs and 5 awake, chronically instrumented dogs. Arteriolar dilation produced by release of a transient coronary occlusion or by intracoronary injection of adenosine
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Zelis, Jo M., Pim A. L. Tonino, Nico H. J. Pijls, et al. "Coronary Microcirculation in Aortic Stenosis: Pathophysiology, Invasive Assessment, and Future Directions." Journal of Interventional Cardiology 2020 (July 22, 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/4603169.

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With the increasing prevalence of aortic stenosis (AS) due to a growing elderly population, a proper understanding of its physiology is paramount to guide therapy and define severity. A better understanding of the microvasculature in AS could improve clinical care by predicting left ventricular remodeling or anticipate the interplay between epicardial stenosis and myocardial dysfunction. In this review, we combine five decades of literature regarding microvascular, coronary, and aortic valve physiology with emerging insights from newly developed invasive tools for quantifying microcirculatory
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Siebes, Maria, Steven A. J. Chamuleau, Martijn Meuwissen, Jan J. Piek, and Jos A. E. Spaan. "Influence of hemodynamic conditions on fractional flow reserve: parametric analysis of underlying model." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 283, no. 4 (2002): H1462—H1470. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00165.2002.

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Pressure-based fractional flow reserve (FFR) is used clinically to evaluate the functional severity of a coronary stenosis, by predicting relative maximal coronary flow (Qs/Qn). It is considered to be independent of hemodynamic conditions, which seems unlikely because stenosis resistance is flow dependent. Using a resistive model of an epicardial stenosis (0–80% diameter reduction) in series with the coronary microcirculation at maximal vasodilation, we evaluated FFR for changes in coronary microvascular resistance ( R cor= 0.2–0.6 mmHg · ml−1 · min), aortic pressure (Pa = 70–130 mmHg), and co
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de Chantal, Marilyn, Jean G. Diodati, James B. Nasmith, et al. "Progressive epicardial coronary blood flow reduction fails to produce ST-segment depression at normal heart rates." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 291, no. 6 (2006): H2889—H2896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00400.2006.

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ST-segment depression is commonly seen in patients with acute coronary syndromes. Most authors have attributed it to transient reductions in coronary blood flow due to nonocclusive thrombus formation on a disrupted atherosclerotic plaque and dynamic focal vasospasm at the site of coronary artery stenosis. However, ST-segment depression was never reproduced in classic animal models of coronary stenosis without the presence of tachycardia. We hypothesized that ST-segment depression occurring during acute coronary syndromes is not entirely explained by changes in epicardial coronary artery resist
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Morrow, Andrew J., Sabrina Nordin, Patrick O’Boyle, and Colin Berry. "‘Acute micro-coronary syndrome’: detailed coronary physiology in a patient with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy." BMJ Case Reports 12, no. 8 (2019): e229618. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-229618.

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Takotsubo cardiomyopathy (TC), otherwise known as stress cardiomyopathy, is characterised by acute, transient left ventricular systolic dysfunction with apical ballooning in the absence of obstructive epicardial coronary stenosis. The presentation of TC mimics that of acute myocardial infarction. More recently there has been a shift towards thinking of TC as a ‘microvascular acute coronary syndrome’. Our case is of an 82-year-old woman who presented with TC mimicking acute anterior ST elevation myocardial infarction in the context of sepsis. Slow flow noted in the left anterior descending arte
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Dellsperger, K. C., D. L. Janzen, C. L. Eastham, and M. L. Marcus. "Effects of acute coronary artery occlusion on the coronary microcirculation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 259, no. 3 (1990): H909—H916. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.1990.259.3.h909.

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The exact microvascular site of coronary vasodilation after coronary artery occlusion has not been clearly established. We sought to determine 1) the microvascular site of recruitable vasodilator reserve after a critical stenosis as assessed by adenosine and EDTA, 2) the coronary microvascular site responsible for vasodilatation after total coronary artery occlusion, and 3) the microvascular site for recruitable vasodilator reserve after coronary artery occlusion as assessed by adenosine and EDTA. Hemodynamics and coronary epicardial microvascular diameter were measured in 33 dogs by means of
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Stegehuis, Valérie E., Gilbert WM Wijntjens, Tadashi Murai, Jan J. Piek, and Tim P. van de Hoef. "Assessing the Haemodynamic Impact of Coronary Artery Stenoses: Intracoronary Flow Versus Pressure Measurements." European Cardiology Review 13, no. 1 (2018): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.15420/ecr.2018:7:2.

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Fractional flow reserve (FFR)-guided percutaneous coronary intervention results in better long-term clinical outcomes compared with coronary angiography alone in intermediate stenoses in stable coronary artery disease (CAD). Coronary physiology measurements have emerged for clinical decision making in interventional cardiology, but the focus lies mainly on epicardial vessels rather than the impact of these stenoses on the myocardial microcirculation. The latter can be quantified by measuring the coronary flow reserve (CFR), a combined pressure and flow index with a strong ability to predict cl
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Varrichione, Giuseppe, Flavio Giuseppe Biccire’, Riccardo Di Pietro, Francesco Prati, and Paola Battisti. "The risk of acute coronary events in microvascular disease." European Heart Journal Supplements 24, Supplement_I (2022): I127—I130. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/eurheartjsupp/suac103.

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Abstract The microvascular disease represents a widespread clinical entity in the general population, especially among women. The dysfunction of the microcirculation is often responsible for myocardial ischaemia and angina in the absence of significant stenosis of the epicardial district, while in other cases it can represent a contributing cause of angina even in the presence of coronary artery disease, cardiomyopathies or heart failure. The cardiovascular risk factors of people with microvascular disease are similar to those who develop epicardial atherosclerotic disease. However, the progno
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Books on the topic "Epicardial coronary stenosis"

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Shirodaria, Cheerag, and Sam Dawkins. Chronic stable angina. Edited by Patrick Davey and David Sprigings. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199568741.003.0089.

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Chronic stable angina is a condition where patients experience symptoms of chest pain of a particular character (e.g. angina pectoris) on effort only, due to atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. The hallmarks of stable angina are as follows. First, there must be stable atherosclerotic coronary artery disease, resulting in luminal narrowing(s) in one or more of the major epicardial coronary arteries. Atheroma can be detected by using appropriate technology. Not all angina chest discomfort is due to atherosclerotic coronary disease—some is due to aortic stenosis, and some to hypertrophic car
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Sabharwal, Nikant, Chee Yee Loong, and Andrew Kelion. Introduction to myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199206445.003.0006.

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Introduction 74A word on terminology 74Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is used to image relative myocardial blood flow at rest and during stress, thereby defining flow-limiting epicardial coronary stenoses and sometimes microvascular disease. It is commonly used diagnostically in patients with suspected coronary disease, and provides valuable prognostic information even in patients with proven disease....
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Sabharwal, Nikant, Parthiban Arumugam, and Andrew Kelion. Introduction to myocardial perfusion scintigraphy. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198759942.003.0006.

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Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy (MPS) is used to image relative myocardial blood flow at rest and during stress, thereby defining flow-limiting epicardial coronary stenoses and sometimes microvascular disease. It is commonly used diagnostically in patients with suspected coronary disease, and provides valuable prognostic information even in patients with proven disease. This chapter provides an introduction to MPS, including a brief overview of technique, equipment, and indications.
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Schelbert, Heinrich R. Image-Based Measurements of Myocardial Blood Flow. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199392094.003.0024.

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Image-based measurements of myocardial blood flow afford the assessment of coronary circulatory function. They reflect functional consequences of coronary stenoses, diffuse epicardial vessel disease and microvascular dysfunction and structural changes and thus provide a measure of the total ischemic burden. Measured flows contain therefore clinically important predictive information. Fundamental to flow measurements are the tissue tracer kinetics, their description through tracer kinetic models, high spatial and temporal resolution imaging devices and accurate extraction of radiotracer tissue
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Book chapters on the topic "Epicardial coronary stenosis"

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Lim, Hong-Seok, and Hyoung-Mo Yang. "Other Physiologic Indices for Epicardial Stenosis." In Coronary Imaging and Physiology. Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2787-1_24.

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Gori, Tommaso. "High-Grade Epicardial Stenosis with Microvascular Compensation." In Atlas of FFR-Guided Percutaneous Coronary Interventions. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47116-7_33.

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Nakamura, M. "Experimental induction of spasm, sudden progression of organic stenosis and intramural hemorrhage in the epicardial coronary arteries." In Endothelial Mechanisms of Vasomotor Control. Steinkopff, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-72461-9_16.

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Gonzalo, Nieves, Vera Rodriguez, Christopher J. Broyd, Pilar Jimenez-Quevedo, and Javier Escaned. "Remodeling of Epicardial Coronary Vessels." In Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and the Microcirculation. Springer London, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5245-3_4.

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Casadonte, Lorena, and Maria Siebes. "Hemodynamic Effects of Epicardial Stenoses." In Physiological Assessment of Coronary Stenoses and the Microcirculation. Springer London, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-5245-3_1.

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Kerber, Richard E., D. D. McPherson, S. J. Sirna, M. L. Marcus, L. F. Hiratzka, and R. A. Kieso. "Assessment of the anatomic and functional severity of coronary arterial stenosis: new measuring techniques using high-frequency epicardial echocardiography and Doppler ultrasound." In Developments in Cardiovascular Medicine. Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1309-7_6.

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Lombardi, Marco, Nieves Gonzalo, and Javier Escaned. "Application of Coronary Physiology for Assessment of Epicardial Coronary Flow-Limiting Stenoses." In The Interventional Cardiology Handbook. CRC Press, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003460961-5.

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Ikeda, Kazumasa, Jun Yamashita, Kazuhiro Satomi, and Hideaki Kanazawa. "The Advancement in Coronary Physiology." In Advances in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.1010609.

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Ischemic heart disease (IHD) remains the leading global cause of mortality, underscoring the need for precise physiological assessments for accurate diagnosis and effective management. Both the epicardial coronary arteries and the coronary microvasculature contribute to IHD, making it essential to evaluate both components using appropriate diagnostic tools. Fractional flow reserve (FFR) and non-hyperemic pressure ratios (NHPRs) are the gold standard for assessing the hemodynamic severity caused by epicardial coronary artery disease, while tools such as coronary flow reserve (CFR) and the index
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Ciccarelli, Giovanni, Emanuele Barbato, and Bernard De Bruyne. "Fractional flow reserve." In State of the Art Surgical Coronary Revascularization, edited by David P. Taggart, John D. Puskas, and Mario Gaudino. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198758785.003.0017.

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Fractional flow reserve is an index of the physiological significance of a coronary stenosis, defined as the ratio of maximal myocardial blood flow in the presence of the stenosis to the theoretically normal maximal myocardial blood flow (i.e. in the absence of the stenosis). This flow ratio can be calculated from the ratio of distal coronary pressure to central aortic pressure during maximal hyperaemia. More practically, fractional flow reserve indicates to what extent the epicardial segment can be responsible for myocardial ischaemia and, accordingly, fractional flow reserve quantifies the e
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De Maria, Giovanni Luigi, and Adrian Banning. "No-reflow in native coronaries and vein grafts: the role of drugs and distal protection." In Oxford Textbook of Interventional Cardiology, edited by Simon Redwood, Nick Curzen, and Adrian Banning. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754152.003.0036.

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Restoration of normal coronary bloodflow and relieving myocardial ischaemia is the main goal of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). However, whilst reducing an epicardial coronary stenosis by balloon dilatation may appear to be a relatively easy task, subsequent detrimental changes in bloodflow can paradoxically result in reduced/impaired myocardial perfusion. This condition of mismatch between post-PCI epicardial coronary patency and impaired myocardial reperfusion is defined as slow-flow or no-reflow. It is typically caused by and related to the presence of a damaged, dysfunctional, an
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Conference papers on the topic "Epicardial coronary stenosis"

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Kolli, Kranthi K., Mohamed Effat, Imran Arif, et al. "Functional and Anatomical Diagnosis of Coronary Artery Stenoses: A Retrospective Study in Humans." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80552.

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Fractional flow reserve (FFR: ratio of distal to proximal pressure of a stenotic section) is used to evaluate hemodynamic significance of epicardial stenosis. However, FFR and coronary flow reserve (CFR: ratio of hyperemic blood velocity to that of resting condition) are used in conjunction to evaluate combination of both epicardial and microvascular disease. It has been proposed that optimization of cutoff values for diagnostic parameters in determining stenosis severity depends on coupling functional (pressure and velocity) and anatomical data (% area stenosis). We hypothesize that, pressure
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Ashtekar, Koustubh D., Edward Kim, Abhijit S. Roy, et al. "In-Vivo Evaluation of Severity of Microvascular Impairments and Epicardial Coronary Stenoses Using Fundamental Fluid Dynamics Endpoints." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192568.

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Coronary circulation is mainly regulated by two serial resistances, namely, epicardial stenosis and microvascular impairments, both causing abnormal coronary blood circulation [1]. Delineation of the true severities of these diseases is important to guide clinical decision-making processes for the selection of appropriate treatment procedures [2]. The presently used diagnostic parameters: FFR (fractional flow reserve defined as the ratio of distal to proximal hyperemic pressure) and CFR (coronary flow reserve defined as ratio of basal to hyperemic flow) [1], for the evaluation of severity of e
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D’Souza, Gavin A., Srikara V. Peelukhana, and Rupak K. Banerjee. "Misinterpretation of Stenosis Severity in the Presence of Serial Coronary Stenoses." In ASME 2013 Conference on Frontiers in Medical Devices: Applications of Computer Modeling and Simulation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fmd2013-16180.

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Diagnosis of the functional severity of an epicardial coronary stenosis using parameters like Fractional Flow Reserve, FFR (ratio of distal to proximal pressure of a stenotic region), might be affected in the presence of an additional downstream stenosis. In order to assess this effect, we have performed an in-vitro experiment which is used to validate a computational study. Three combinations of serial stenoses were tested: 80%-64%, 80%-80% and 80%-90% area stenosis (AS). The physiological mean hyperemic flow (flow at maximal arterial dilatation) values were obtained using an in-vitro experim
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Peelukhana, Srikara V., Kranthi K. Kolli, William Gottliebson, et al. "Influence of Heart Rate and Epicardial Stenosis Severity on Cardiac Contractility Under Concomitant Microvascular Disease in a Porcine Model." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53512.

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Invasive guide wire methods to assess functional severity of coronary stenosis are affected by dynamic variables like heart rate (HR), contractility, epicardial stenosis (AS) and blood pressure. The interdependence of these factors is also influenced by the presence of concomitant microvascular disease (CMVD). The purpose of this study is to assess the variation in contractility under varying HR and AS in the presence of CMVD. In vivo experiments were performed on seven Yorkshire pigs. It was found that, in the presence of concomitant microvascular disease (CMVD), for lower AS (<50%) contra
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Peelukhana, Srikara V., Kranthi K. Kolli, Massoud Leesar, et al. "Distinguishing Epicardial and Microvascular Disease Using Combined Functional and Anatomical Endpoints in a Porcine Model." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80464.

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For a better treatment of coronary artery disease in a catheterization lab, detection of the relative contributions of the epicardial stenosis (ES) and concomitant microvascular disease (MVD) is important. To diagnose ES, fractional flow reserve (FFR), the hyperemic stenosis resistance index (hSRv) and to diagnose MVD, hyperemic microvascular resistance index (hMRv) have been tested in cath labs. However, for concurrent assessment of ES and MVD, functional parameter utilizing flow and pressure values, pressure drop coefficient (CDP) and combined functional and anatomical parameter, lesion flow
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Geven, Maartje C. F., Arjen Van Der Horst, Marcel C. M. Rutten, Wilbert Aarnoudse, Nico H. J. Pijls, and Frans N. van de Vosse. "In-Vitro Evaluation of Hot-Film Anemometry Using a Sensor-Tipped Coronary Guide-wire." In ASME 2007 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2007-176124.

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During coronary catheterization, the epicardial coronary arteries are visually assessed for stenoses on the coronary angiogram. However, the functional significance of disease in the coronary arterial tree, the increased resistance to blood flow, may easily be over- or underestimated by using a 2D projection.
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Richards, Kent L., and Scott R. Cannon. "Complimentary use of epicardial echo imaging and Doppler in quantification of coronary artery stenoses." In Modern Technologies Applied to Medical Practice, edited by Roy F. Potter. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22362.

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Ilegbusi, Olusegun J., Zhenjun Hu, Peter H. Stone, and Charles L. Feldman. "Flow Phenomena in the Human Aortic Root and Entrance Region of Coronary Arteries During Diastole." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0254.

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Abstract The potential role of hemodynamics on atherogenesis and lesion progression in coronary arteries has been widely studied both experimentally and numerically. Clinical and postmortem examinations have provided valuable insight on the location of these lesions and the impact of flow disturbance and wall shear stress on their development. The determination of the exact conditions at the entrance of the coronary arteries as required for accurate numerical simulation of intracoronary flow pattern is difficult due to the inherent flow unsteadiness and the complexity of the ostium geometry. T
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