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Journal articles on the topic 'Epidemiology of respiratory diseases'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 May 2024

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1

Enarson, Donald A., and Jacques Chretien. "Epidemiology of respiratory infectious diseases." Current Opinion in Pulmonary Medicine 5, no. 3 (1999): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00063198-199905000-00002.

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2

Holland, W. W. "Chronic respiratory diseases." Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health 47, no. 1 (1993): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech.47.1.4.

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3

Sarmiento-Silva, Rosa, Yuko Nakamura-Lopez, and Gilberto Vaughan. "Epidemiology, Molecular Epidemiology and Evolution of Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus." Viruses 4, no. 12 (2012): 3452–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v4123452.

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4

Mao, Ying, Rongxin He, Bin Zhu, Jinlin Liu, and Ning Zhang. "Notifiable Respiratory Infectious Diseases in China: A Spatial–Temporal Epidemiology Analysis." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 7 (2020): 2301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072301.

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Nowadays, tuberculosis, scarlet fever, measles, influenza, and mumps are five major notifiable respiratory infectious diseases (RIDs) in China. The objective of this study was to describe, visualize, and compare the spatial-temporal distributions of these five RIDs from 2006 to 2016. In addition to descriptive epidemiology analysis, seasonality and spatial autocorrelation analysis were also applied to explore the epidemiologic trends and spatial changing patterns of the five RIDs, respectively. The results indicated that the incidence of tuberculosis, measles, and mumps presented a downtrend t

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5

Buzinschi, Sorin. "Respiratory infection genetics." Romanian Journal of Infectious Diseases 19, no. 2 (2016): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.37897/rjid.2016.2.7.

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Genetic epidemiology and twin studies argue that genetic differences contributes to evolution and gravity of infections. Changes of Toll-like Receptors, proinflammatory cytokines, immunity genes in different clinical situations confirms the importance of genetic factors and suggest the importance of nongenetic factors (epigenetic) in evolution and gravity of diseases.

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6

Pangesti, Krisna N. A., Moataz Abd El Ghany, Michael G. Walsh, Alison M. Kesson, and Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne. "Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus." Reviews in Medical Virology 28, no. 2 (2018): e1968. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.1968.

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7

Cane, Patricia A. "Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus." Reviews in Medical Virology 11, no. 2 (2001): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rmv.305.

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8

Bischoff, Werner E., JoLyn Turner, Gregory Russell, Maria Blevins, Engy Missaiel, and John Stehle. "How well do N95 respirators protect healthcare providers against aerosolized influenza virus?" Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 40, no. 2 (2018): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.326.

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AbstractN95 respirator masks are recommended for protection against respiratory viruses. Despite passing fit-testing 10% of N95 respirator users encountered breakthroughs with exposure to influenza virus compared to full protection provided by a powered air purifying respirator. The current recommendation of N95 respirators should be evaluated for endemic and emerging scenarios.

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9

Debbia, E. A., G. C. Schito, A. Zoratti, L. Gualco, E. Tonoli, and A. Marchese. "Epidemiology of Major Respiratory Pathogens." Journal of Chemotherapy 13, sup4 (2001): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/joc.2001.13.supplement-2.205.

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10

Lam, Simon Ching, Joseph Kok Long Lee, Linda Yin King Lee, Ka Fai Wong, and Cathy Nga Yan Lee. "Respiratory Protection by Respirators: The Predictive Value of User Seal Check for the Fit Determination in Healthcare Settings." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 32, no. 4 (2011): 402–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/659151.

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The N95 respirator is one type that is recommended by the World Health Organization and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to prevent inhalation of droplets that may act to transmit respiratory pathogens. However, the reliability of this respirator to prevent transmission is dependent on how well it is fitted to the wearer. For ill-fitting respirators, the average penetration by ambient aerosol was found to be 33%, compared with 4% for well-fitting respirators. Such penetration or leakage may be caused by the gap between the respirator and the wearer's face. Therefore, formal

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11

Sederdahl, Bethany K., and John V. Williams. "Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics of Influenza C Virus." Viruses 12, no. 1 (2020): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12010089.

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Influenza C virus (ICV) is a common yet under-recognized cause of acute respiratory illness. ICV seropositivity has been found to be as high as 90% by 7–10 years of age, suggesting that most people are exposed to ICV at least once during childhood. Due to difficulty detecting ICV by cell culture, epidemiologic studies of ICV likely have underestimated the burden of ICV infection and disease. Recent development of highly sensitive RT-PCR has facilitated epidemiologic studies that provide further insights into the prevalence, seasonality, and course of ICV infection. In this review, we summarize

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12

Iwanaga, Takashi, and Yuji Tohda. "Importance of clinical epidemiology research in studies on respiratory diseases." Respiratory Investigation 51, no. 4 (2013): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.resinv.2013.04.003.

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13

Yap, P. S., I. Hertz-Picciotto, J. P. Joad, C. Herr, M. Dostal, and R. Sram. "RESPIRATORY INFECTIONS AND ATOPIC DISEASES IN CHILDREN, CZECH REPUBLIC." Epidemiology 16, no. 5 (2005): S110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00273.

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14

Crow, Sue. "The Lone Ranger Rides Again, This Time Followed by a Federal Posse." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 15, no. 10 (1994): 673–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/646831.

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AbstractThe Centers for Disease Control and Prevention proposed guidelines regarding the high-efficiency particulate air-filtered respirator have raised many questions that the healthcare worker has found difficult to answer. This product commentary addresses questions related to material that the respiratory protection program should include; provides information related to the physical exam before the use of the respirator; and explains the types of respirators. Cost issues also are discussed.

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15

Lone, Amista A. "Respiratory Disorders of the Elderly." Journal of Pharmacy Practice 13, no. 4 (2000): 297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/089719000001300407.

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Elderly are at increased risk for developing pulmonary disease over time. There has been an increase in the prevalence of and mortality from COPD and asthma in the industrialized world. In addition to the increase in these pulmonary diseases there are changes in the pulmonary function of the elderly due to structural changes with age, changes in gas exchange and changes in ventilatory response. This article reviews the epidemiology, diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy of asthma and briefly discusses the epidemiology and therapy of COPD with the emphasis on our elderly population.

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16

Divo, Miguel J., Carlos H. Martinez, and David M. Mannino. "Ageing and the epidemiology of multimorbidity." European Respiratory Journal 44, no. 4 (2014): 1055–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00059814.

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The world’s population is ageing and an important part of this demographic shift is the development of chronic illness. In short, a person who does not die of acute illnesses, such as infections, and survives with chronic illnesses is more likely to develop additional chronic illnesses. Chronic respiratory diseases are an important component of these diseases associated with ageing. This article reviews the relationship between ageing and chronic respiratory disease, and also how certain chronic diseases cluster with others, either on the basis of underlying risk factors, complication of the p

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17

Karakatsani, A., D. Papakosta, A. Rapti, et al. "Epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases in Greece." Respiratory Medicine 103, no. 8 (2009): 1122–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2009.03.001.

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18

A. Odikro, Magdalene, Ernest Kenu, Keziah L. Malm, et al. "Epidemiology of COVID-19 outbreak in Ghana, 2020." Ghana Medical Journal 54, no. 4s (2020): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gmj.v54i4s.3.

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Coronaviruses are RNA viruses that cause respiratory, hepatic and neurological diseases in domestic and wild animals, and humans. Among humans, six species of coronavirus have been identified to cause disease. Among these, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV) and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) are of zoonotic origin and have been known to cause severe acute respiratory syndrome outbreaks among humans.

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19

Hashim Jafarova, Khatira, Flora Shura Tagiyeva, Elman Farman Vahabov, and Vagif Nazim Vakilov. "To teaching the epidemiology of non-communicable diseases." SCIENTIFIC WORK 58, no. 9 (2020): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/58/56-59.

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Summary In the 20th and 21st centuries, noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) became the leading cause of death worldwide. The share of cardiovascular diseases in the structure of deaths from NCDs is very high, from which 17.9 million people die annually. It is followed by cancer (9 million cases), respiratory disease (3.9 million cases) and diabetes (1.6 million cases). The epidemiology of NCD should be considered as a productive and promising direction in various fields of medicine, independent departments, divisions. In this case, the epidemiology of malignant tumors - oncology, the epidemiology

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20

Achangwa, Chiara, Huikyung Park, Sukhyun Ryu, and Moo-Sik Lee. "Collateral Impact of Public Health and Social Measures on Respiratory Virus Activity during the COVID-19 Pandemic 2020–2021." Viruses 14, no. 5 (2022): 1071. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14051071.

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Many countries have implemented public health and social measures (PHSMs) to control the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although the PHSMs are targeted at SARS-CoV-2 transmission control, they directly or indirectly impact the epidemiology of different respiratory viral diseases. The purpose of this study was to investigate the collateral impact of PHSMs used during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on the epidemiology of other respiratory viruses, including influenza, parainfluenza, respiratory syncytial virus, rhinovirus, and adenovirus

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21

Viktorova, I. B., V. N. Zimina, S. Yu Degtyareva, and A. V. Kravtchenko. "Respiratory diseases in HIV-infected patients (review)." Journal Infectology 12, no. 4 (2020): 5–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.22625/2072-6732-2020-12-4-5-18.

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The review presents information on epidemiology, clinical, laboratory and radiological manifestations of infectious and malignant respiratory diseases in HIV-infected patients.The data on the most common infections (communityacquired pneumonia, tuberculosis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia) and malignant diseases (Kaposhi’s sarcoma, lymphomas) as well as less frequent diseases (CMV-infection, MAC-infection, fungal pneumonias) are presented.The article contains facts about the incidence of pulmonary diseases according to the severity of HIV-associated immunodeficiency. This review also presents

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22

Hagen, Jørgen A., Per Nafstad, Anders Skrondal, Sonja Bjørkly, and Per Magnus. "Associations between Outdoor Air Pollutants and Hospitalization for Respiratory Diseases." Epidemiology 11, no. 2 (2000): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200003000-00009.

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23

Bánhidy, Ferenc, Nándor Ács, Erzsébet H. Puhó, and Andrew E. Czeizel. "Maternal acute respiratory infectious diseases during pregnancy and birth outcomes." European Journal of Epidemiology 23, no. 1 (2007): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10654-007-9206-2.

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24

Niklinski, Jacek, Wieslawa Niklinska, Elżbieta Chyczewska, et al. "The epidemiology of asbestos-related diseases." Lung Cancer 45 (August 2004): S7—S15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2004.04.008.

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25

Hemming, Val G. "Viral respiratory diseases in children: Classification, etiology, epidemiology, and risk factors." Journal of Pediatrics 124, no. 5 (1994): S13—S16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3476(94)70185-7.

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26

Lin, Shao, Ming Luo, Randi J. Walker, Xiu Liu, Syni-An Hwang, and Robert Chinery. "Extreme High Temperatures and Hospital Admissions for Respiratory and Cardiovascular Diseases." Epidemiology 20, no. 5 (2009): 738–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3181ad5522.

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27

Wichmann, J., and K. V. V. Voyi. "DETERMINANTS OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES AND SYMPTOMS AMONGST ADULTS IN SOUTH AFRICA." Epidemiology 16, no. 5 (2005): S19—S20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200509000-00030.

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28

Chu, Helen Y., Jane Kuypers, Christian Renaud, et al. "Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus transmission in childcare." Journal of Clinical Virology 57, no. 4 (2013): 343–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2013.04.011.

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29

Principi, Nicola, Giovanni Autore, Greta Ramundo, and Susanna Esposito. "Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections during the COVID-19 Pandemic." Viruses 15, no. 5 (2023): 1160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15051160.

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To face the COVID-19 outbreak, a wide range of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) aimed at limiting the spread of the virus in communities, such as mask-wearing, hand hygiene, social distancing, travel restrictions, and school closures, were introduced in most countries. Thereafter, a significant reduction of new asymptomatic and symptomatic COVID-19 cases occurred, although there were differences between countries according to the type and duration of the NPIs. In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has been accompanied by significant variations in the global incidence of diseases due to the

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30

Kirillova, E. V., O. N. Lipatov, F. F. Mufazalov, et al. "Factors of formation and diagnostic problems of malignant lung diseases." Perm Medical Journal 35, no. 5 (2018): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/pmj35593-97.

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In the paper there is presented a review of foreign and literature data, documented in electronic search system PubMed regarding epidemiology, early and prenosological diagnosis, carcinogenic factors for development of malignant respiratory neoplasms, lung cancer.

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31

Jin, Yuefei, Haiyan Yang, Wangquan Ji, et al. "Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19." Viruses 12, no. 4 (2020): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12040372.

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The outbreak of emerging severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) disease (COVID-19) in China has been brought to global attention and declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020. Scientific advancements since the pandemic of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in 2002~2003 and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) in 2012 have accelerated our understanding of the epidemiology and pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 and the development of therapeutics to treat viral infection. As no specific therapeutics and vaccines are available for disease

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32

NAKAMURA, Itaru. "Infection Prevention and Control for Emerging Infectious Diseases Respiratory Infection (Legionellosis, Avian Influenza, and Middle East Respiratory Syndrome)." Japanese Journal of Infection Prevention and Control 38, no. 4 (2023): 155–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4058/jsei.38.155.

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33

Coultas, D. B., R. E. Zumwalt, W. C. Black, and R. E. Sobonya. "The epidemiology of interstitial lung diseases." American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 150, no. 4 (1994): 967–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm.150.4.7921471.

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34

Козлов, Vladimir Kozlov, Супрун, et al. "EPIDEMIOLOGY OF BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES IN CHILDREN AND TEENAGERS OF KHABAROVSK KRAY." Bulletin physiology and pathology of respiration 1, no. 61 (2016): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21436.

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Official ten-year statistics reports on the prevalence and structure of respiratory diseases in children and teenagers of Khabarovsk Kray were analyzed. Respiratory diseases still rank first in the general sick rate and, in 2015, they accounted for 60.3% in children under 14 years old and 33.4% in teenagers. General respiratory morbidity in children in 2015 made 1300.1‰ and 726.9‰ in children and teenagers, respectively. Analytical results give evidence of stabilization of morbidity rate in children (R=0.32) and a tendency towards increasing incidence in teenagers (R=0.71). Ten-year pneumonia

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35

Mao, C. C., W. M. Liang, and H. W. Kuo. "Associations Between Air Pollutants and Emergency Room Visits Due to Respiratory Diseases and Cardiovascular Diseases in Taichung Area." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (2006): S426. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-01140.

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36

Madi, Nada M., and Anfal Al-Adwani. "Human bocavirus (HBoV) in Kuwait: molecular epidemiology and clinical outcome of the virus among patients with respiratory diseases." Journal of Medical Microbiology 69, no. 7 (2020): 1005–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.001219.

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Introduction. Globally, human bocavirus (HBoV) has been detected in respiratory samples from patients suffering from upper and lower respiratory diseases. In Kuwait, little is known about the epidemiological and clinical characterization of the virus and genetic characterization of the virus as a respiratory pathogen is unknown. Aim. This study aims to explore the molecular epidemiology and clinical features of HBoV isolates in patients with respiratory diseases. Methodology. Retrospectively, between 2018 and 2020, 5941 respiratory samples from patients with respiratory diseases were screened

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37

Prasad, N., A. A. Trenholme, Q. S. Huang, et al. "Interactive effects of age and respiratory virus on severe lower respiratory infection." Epidemiology and Infection 146, no. 14 (2018): 1861–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268818002017.

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AbstractWe investigated risk factors for severe acute lower respiratory infections (ALRI) among hospitalised children <2 years, with a focus on the interactions between virus and age. Statistical interactions between age and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), influenza, adenovirus (ADV) and rhinovirus on the risk of ALRI outcomes were investigated. Of 1780 hospitalisations, 228 (12.8%) were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU). The median (range) length of stay (LOS) in hospital was 3 (1–27) days. An increase of 1 month of age was associated with a decreased risk of ICU admission (rate

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38

Haake, Christine, Sarah Cook, Nicola Pusterla, and Brian Murphy. "Coronavirus Infections in Companion Animals: Virology, Epidemiology, Clinical and Pathologic Features." Viruses 12, no. 9 (2020): 1023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v12091023.

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Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, or systemic diseases in a variety of mammalian hosts that vary in clinical severity from subclinical to fatal. The host range and tissue tropism are largely determined by the coronaviral spike protein, which initiates cellular infection by promoting fusion of the viral and host cell membranes. Companion animal coronaviruses responsible for causing enteric infection include feline enteric coronavirus, ferret enteric coronavirus, canine enteric coronavirus, equine coronavirus, and alpaca enteric coronavirus, while c

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39

Griffin, Marie R., Frances J. Walker, Marika K. Iwane, Geoffrey A. Weinberg, Mary Allen Staat, and Dean D. Erdman. "Epidemiology of Respiratory Infections in Young Children." Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal 23, Supplement (2004): S188—S192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.inf.0000144660.53024.64.

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40

Frostier, F., V. Belled, A. Faustino, M. Stafoggia, G. Cattani, and A. Marconi. "Fine and Ultrafine Particles and Hospital Admissions for Cardiovascular and Respiratory Diseases." Epidemiology 18, Suppl (2007): S112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000288450.18191.72.

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41

Toichuev, Rakhmanbek, Enver Soodanbekov, Nemat Mambetov, et al. "The Effect of Radon Air Pollution on the Incidence of Respiratory Diseases." Epidemiology 22 (January 2011): S188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.ede.0000392257.64723.dd.

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42

Ekenga, Christine C., and George Friedman-Jiménez. "Epidemiology of Respiratory Health Outcomes Among World Trade Center Disaster Workers: Review of the Literature 10 Years After the September 11, 2001 Terrorist Attacks." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 5, S2 (2011): S189—S196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2011.58.

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ABSTRACTTens of thousands of workers participated in rescue, recovery, and cleanup activities at the World Trade Center (WTC) site in lower Manhattan after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001 (9/11). The collapse of the WTC resulted in the release of a variety of airborne toxicants. To date, respiratory symptoms and diseases have been among the most examined health outcomes in studies of WTC disaster workers. A systematic review of the literature on respiratory health outcomes was undertaken to describe the available information on new onset of respiratory symptoms and diseases among W

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43

Niesters, H. G. M., A. van't Veen, M. Schutten, S. Pas, and G. J. J. van Doornum. "Epidemiology of respiratory coronaviruses (HCoV) in a Dutch university hospital." Journal of Clinical Virology 36 (January 2006): S10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1386-6532(06)80726-2.

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44

Góes, Luiz Gustavo Bentim, Rodrigo Melim Zerbinati, Adriana Fumie Tateno, et al. "Typical epidemiology of respiratory virus infections in a Brazilian slum." Journal of Medical Virology 92, no. 8 (2019): 1316–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.25636.

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45

Scott, Paul D., Rachel Ochola, Mwanajuma Ngama, et al. "Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in Kilifi district, Kenya." Journal of Medical Virology 74, no. 2 (2004): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.20183.

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46

Savouré, Marine, Katie Eminson, Lucile Sese, Orianne Dumas, and Yutong Samuel Cai. "The exposome in respiratory diseases: multiple preventable risk factors from early life to adulthood." Breathe 19, no. 2 (2023): 230034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/20734735.0034-2023.

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The increasing global burden of respiratory diseases over the last decades raises questions about the impact of environmental factors during industrialisation and urbanisation. Although the knowledge of environmental epidemiology is growing, it is still unclear what the most critical exposure windows are for respiratory health. In addition, the relationships between different environmental exposures can be complex. The exposome approach investigating all non-genetic factors on health has been developed in recent years but has been little applied in respiratory health to date. This journal club

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47

Dee, Kieran, Daniel M. Goldfarb, Joanne Haney, et al. "Human Rhinovirus Infection Blocks Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Replication Within the Respiratory Epithelium: Implications for COVID-19 Epidemiology." Journal of Infectious Diseases 224, no. 1 (2021): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiab147.

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Abstract Virus-virus interactions influence the epidemiology of respiratory infections. However, the impact of viruses causing upper respiratory infections on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) replication and transmission is currently unknown. Human rhinoviruses cause the common cold and are the most prevalent respiratory viruses of humans. Interactions between rhinoviruses and cocirculating respiratory viruses have been shown to shape virus epidemiology at the individual host and population level. Here, we examined the replication kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 in the human

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48

Leuzinger, Karoline, Tim Roloff, Rainer Gosert, et al. "Epidemiology of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Emergence Amidst Community-Acquired Respiratory Viruses." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 8 (2020): 1270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa464.

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Abstract Background Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in China as the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 in December 2019 and reached Europe by late January 2020, when community-acquired respiratory viruses (CARVs) are at their annual peak. We validated the World Health Organization (WHO)–recommended SARS-CoV-2 assay and analyzed the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and CARVs. Methods Nasopharyngeal/oropharyngeal swabs (NOPS) from 7663 patients were prospectively tested by the Basel S-gene and WHO-based E-gene (Roche) assays in parallel using the Basel N-gene assay

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49

Kahn, Jeffrey S. "Epidemiology of Human Metapneumovirus." Clinical Microbiology Reviews 19, no. 3 (2006): 546–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cmr.00014-06.

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SUMMARY Since the discovery of human metapneumovirus (hMPV) in 2001, the virus has been identified worldwide. hMPV is a common respiratory pathogen, particularly in infants and young children. The virus is associated with both upper and lower respiratory tract infections and may be a trigger for asthma. At least two major genotypes of hMPV circulate during community outbreaks. Whether these genotypes represent distinct serotypes remains controversial. The major challenges faced by the medical and scientific communities are the understanding of the pathogenesis of hMPV disease and the developme

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50

Gompo, T. R., U. Pokhrel, B. R. Shah, and D. D. Bhatta. "Epidemiology of Important Poultry Diseases in Nepal." Nepalese Veterinary Journal 36 (December 1, 2019): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/nvj.v36i0.27746.

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Despite the rapidly growing poultry industry throughout Nepal, the periodic outbreaks of diseases and infections in poultry birds led to huge production loss. The aim of this study was to identify the top ten poultry diseases in Nepal and an analysis of their seasonal distributions. A cross-sectional study was performed to describe the distributions of major poultry diseases diagnosed from April 2018 to April 2019 at Central Veterinary Laboratory, Nepal. Out of 2358 observations recorded at the CVL registry at that period, only 2271 observations qualified for the final analysis. Among 2271, re

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