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Journal articles on the topic 'Epigeal germination'
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Lobo, Gabriela Alves, Denise Garcia de Santana, Antonieta Nassif Salomão, Luciana Salazar Rehbein, and Angélica Polenz Wielewicki. "A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of seedlings of 50 Brazilian forest species." Journal of Seed Science 36, no. 1 (2014): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372014000100011.
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A technological approach to the morphofunctional classification of forest species seedlings defines the essential structures in the evaluation of germination testing and identifies changes in this structures that suggest abnormalities. The objective was to associate morphofunctional seedling classification to seed germination testing using official germination methods for 50 forest species from Amazon, Caatinga, Cerrado, Atlantic Forest and Pantanal biomes. Morphofunctional classification and abnormalities were defined using seedlings from 232 germination pre-tests and 1,160 samples that were formed for each species using seeds from distinct locations and with at least three levels of vigor. The phanero-epigeal germination with a non-developed epicotyl predominated among species (84%). Common in hypogeal germination, the development of the epicotyl occurred only in seedlings of Anadenanthera colubrina and Erythrina speciosa, both with epigeal germination. The need to supply and sustain the great mass produced in its long life cycle, the presence of the primary root was considered essential for the normal seedling classification of these forest species. Curled, stunted, necrotic, bifurcated primary root and those retained in the seed coat or in the fruit structures, were the main abnormalities of the seedling root systems. Damages to the shoot system were uncommon.
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Polli, Anderson, Mariza Barion Romagnolo, Luis Antonio de Souza, and Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini. "Influence of the functional traits of seeds on germination dynamics and morphofunctional pattern of the seedlings." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 42 (July 3, 2020): e52154. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v42i1.52154.
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Aiming to compare morphofunctional features related to dispersion and establishment of plants, this study evaluated seed biometry and biomass, as well as germination and emergence potential in eight plant species native to the Semideciduous Seasonal Forest. Biometric measurements and biomass of seeds were obtained with a caliper and a precision scale. Afterwards, they were subjected to a germination test in BOD chambers under constant temperature and 12 hours photoperiod, and sown in styrofoam trays containing organic substrate and sand, kept in full sunlight. Data from germination and emergence was subjected to cluster analysis, according to the functional morphotype of the seedling. Most species presented seeds with a rounded shape, uniform staining at the mature stage, varied coat consistency, two types of dispersal syndromes (anemochory and zoochory) and four morphofunctional patterns in developing seedlings (crypto-hypogeal-storers, crypto-epigeal-storers, phanero-epigeal-storers and phanero-epigeal-foliaceous). The species belonging to group I (Albizia niopoides, Cedrela fissilis, Pterogyne nitens and Randia ferox) have foliaceous photosynthetic cotyledons and group II (Cabralea canjerana, Eugenia pyriformis, Inga laurina and Poecilanthe parviflora) have a reserve cotyledon. Species of group I had higher means in the percentage and rate of germination, less variability and amplitude of days for seedlings emergence. On the other hand, species of group II showed higher mean values in seed biometry and biomass. Thus, seeds with foliaceous cotyledons have an optimized development because of luminosity, whereas seeds with reserve tend to have slower development, remaining at the seedling stage for a longer time.
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Kuswantoro, Farid. "Seed and Germination Study of a New Guinea Endemic Plant Species Grevillea papuana Diels." Journal of Tropical Biodiversity and Biotechnology 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 61115. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/jtbb.61115.
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Grevillea papuana is a culturally important endemic plant species of New Guinea highland. Although G. papuana conservation and propagation attempts were already conducted, this species seed and germination characters information were still very limited. This study aimed to provide information regarding G. papuana seed and germination biology. Seed characteristic and germination trials were conducted in this study. Data analysis was conducted descriptively, while germination parameters were also calculated. G. papuana has a light, elliptic, and winged seed. The species germination was low and ununiform with phanerocotylar epigeal foliaceous (PEF) seedling functional type.
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Chima, Judith Uchenna, and Temitope Omolayo Fasuan. "Antioxidants, nutritional, antinutrients and functional characteristics of black turtle bean (Phaseolus vulgaris): synergistic and antagonistic interrelationship of epigeal germination periods." Nutrition & Food Science 51, no. 7 (February 9, 2021): 1029–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/nfs-09-2020-0356.
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Purpose Black turtle bean has nutritional potentials in the human diet and could provide a significant amount of food in developing countries. Low consumption of black beans has been attributed partly to the hard-to-cook phenomenon which requires a long time of cooking. Germination improves nutritional, functional, bioactive compounds, reduces anti-nutrients and cooking time. Germinated black turtle bean can contribute to efforts geared towards the production of functional foods and the fight against protein malnutrition. This study aims to investigate the changes in the nutritional, antioxidants and functional properties of black turtle bean due to different epigeal germination times to increase its utilization in food systems. Design/methodology/approach Black turtle bean seeds (Phaseolus vulgaris) were cleaned, winnowed, washed, soaked for 16 h, drained and subjected to epigeal germinated at ambient temperature for 0, 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. The germinated seeds were dried, dehulled, milled and sieved. Proximate, antioxidant properties and activity, anti-nutrients, mineral (calcium, phosphorus, iron, sodium, manganese, copper, potassium, zinc and magnesium) and functional properties (water absorption capacity, oil absorption, bulk density, swelling index, water solubility index and gelling concentration) of the germinated black turtle bean (GTB) flour (0GTB, 24GTB, 48GTB, 72GTB and 96GTB) were determined using standard procedures. Findings The ash, protein, fat and fibre contents of the black turtle bean were significantly increased through germination. Germination resulted in changes in the antioxidant activity of the black turtle bean samples. The mineral content of the black bean samples was improved significantly by germination and as well altered the functional properties (p < 0.01). Oxalate and phytate were significantly reduced with increased germination time (p < 0.01). In total, 96 h germination (96GTB) had better antioxidant activity, mineral and proximate composition with lower anti-nutrients. Originality/value Germination for 96 h proved to be the optimum time for improved mineral content, increased protein, ash, fibre, antioxidant activity and property with reduced antinutrients. Germination represents an attractive, inexpensive means of improving the nutritional profile and enhancing the bio-functionality of the black turtle bean. The epigeal germinated turtle bean could find applied as a functional ingredient in food formulation.
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Gentallan Jr., R. P., L. E. Endonela, and N. C. Altoveros. "Distinct epigeal cryptocotylar germination pattern of Anacolosa frutescens (Olacaceae)." Seed Science and Technology 45, no. 2 (July 1, 2017): 504–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2017.45.2.11.
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Kondo, Tetsuya, Mizuki Narita, Shyam S. Phartyal, Siti N. Hidayati, Jeffrey L. Walck, Jerry M. Baskin, and Carol C. Baskin. "Morphophysiological dormancy in seeds ofConvallaria keiskeiand a proposal to recognize two types of double dormancy in seed dormancy classification." Seed Science Research 25, no. 2 (March 27, 2015): 210–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960258515000136.
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AbstractConvallariamajalishas double dormancy and hypogeal germination, but no information is available on embryo growth or on the effects of light and gibberellic acid (GA3) on germination in this genus. Therefore, we investigated embryo growth and other germination features in seeds ofC. keiskeiand compared the data with those ofTrillium camschatcensein another study. Until now, in seeds with double dormancy, embryo growth and germination (epigeal) have been studied in detail only for seeds ofT. camschatcense. Phenology of embryo growth and emergence of cotyledonary petiole/root (hereafter root) and shoot in seeds ofC. keiskeiwere monitored outdoors. Effects of temperature, light and GA3on embryo growth and root and shoot emergence were tested under laboratory conditions. Roots emerged the first spring following seed dispersal in autumn. The embryo grew soon after root emergence, and germination was hypogeal. Seeds with an emerged root formed buds from which a shoot (leaf) emerged above ground during the second spring. Alternating temperatures and light had negative effects on root emergence, and GA3did not substitute for cold stratification in root emergence. Seeds ofC. keiskeihave double dormancy, but it differs from that inT. camschatcense. Based on differences in embryo growth before (T. camschatcense) versus after (C. keiskei) root emergence, and on epigeal (T. camschatcense) versus hypogeal (C. keiskei) germination, we suggest that two types of deep simple double morphophysiological dormancy (MPD) be recognized. Since embryo growth inC. keiskeidoes not fit the standard definition of MPD, we propose to expand this definition.
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Duarte, Manoela Mendes, Sheilly Raquelly Prado de Paula, Flaick Rodrigo de Lima Ferreira, and Antonio Carlos Nogueira. "Morphological characterization of fruit, seed and seedling and germination of Hymenaea courbaril L. (Fabaceae) ('Jatobá')." Journal of Seed Science 38, no. 3 (August 22, 2016): 204–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v38n3159734.
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Abstract This study has aimed to characterize the morphology of fruit, seed and seedling and evaluate the germination of Hymenaea courbaril L., under different substrates and temperatures. The physical characteristics were determined, as well as the morphological description of the internal and external parts of fruits and seeds, stages of germination and early seedling development. Germination tests were conducted in a completely randomized design, in a 3x2 factorial scheme, with three temperatures (20 °C, 25 °C and 30 °C) and two substrates (sand and vermiculite), with six plots of 30 seeds. The germination percentage, germination speed index (GSI) and mean germination time (MGT) were calculated. The fruits are dry and woody and the seeds are exalbuminous, with an axial embryo. The germination is epigeal and the seedling is phanerocotylar. The combination of vermiculite or sand associated to temperatures of 25 °C or 30 °C is effective for conducting the germination tests.
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Sultana, Nahid, M. Oliur Rahman, and Md Abul Hassan. "Seed Germination in Six Anticancerous Plants of Bangladesh." Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bangladesh, Science 45, no. 2 (December 28, 2019): 151–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jasbs.v45i2.46589.
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Six medicinal plants, namely Boerhavia diffusa L., Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br., Jatropha gossypifolia L., Leonurus sibiricus L., Plumbago zeylanica L. and Ricinus communis L. of Bangladesh having anticancerous properties were investigated with a view to knowing their seed germination time, rate and pattern. The minimum days taken for seed germination in B. diffusa, C. procera, J. gossypifolia, L. sibiricus, P. zeylanica and R. communis were 70, 9, 24, 75, 11 and 14, respectively. The maximum time (130 days) required for germination was observed in Leonurus sibiricus. The highest germination rate (100%) was observed in Plumbago zeylanica, while the lowest rate (10%) was found in Ricinus communis. Epigeal type of germination was noted in all the species employed.
Asiat. Soc. Bangladesh, Sci. 45(2): 151-159, December 2019
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Serrano-Casas, Héctor, Eloy Solano-Camacho, and Adelaida Ocampo-López. "Morfología de semilla, germinación y desarrollo postemergente de tres especies del género Polianthes L. (Agavaceae)." Botanical Sciences, no. 66 (May 27, 2017): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1611.
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The seed germination process and seedling development were studied for Polianthes geminiflorn (Lex.) Rose var. geminiflom, Polianthes sp . and P. longiflom Rose. The seed viability test estimated was from 94 to 100%. In seeds treatment by soaking the seeds in water at 25ºC during three, six and twelve hours, the germination percentage, velocity and germination uniformity were increased like control assay. On the other hand, P geminiflorn var. geminiflora. were more resistent than Polianthes sp. and P. longiflora. seeds to a treatment of three, six and twelve hours in water a t 40ºC. The three species had epigeal germination and their cotyledon developed a haustorium. None of this species exhibited seed dormancy and they were orthodox. There were significant differences in the first leave length between the three species. The seed morphology, germination behavior and seedlings development were very similar.
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Ghosh, Arijit, and Pankaj K. Pal. "Seedling phenology ofClerodendrum indicumexhibiting the unusual epigeal cryptocotylar type of germination." Acta Botanica Gallica 162, no. 3 (April 10, 2015): 233–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12538078.2015.1023218.
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FRANCESCHINI, MARÍA C. "An unusual case of epigeal cryptocotylar germination in Rollinia salicifolia (Annonaceae)." Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 146, no. 1 (September 2004): 53–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8339.2004.00302.x.
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Müller, Rafael Espanhol, Luiz Antonio De Souza, Lindamir Hernandez Pastorini, and Mariza Barion Romagnolo. "Germination and seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae)." Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences 39, no. 2 (June 16, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascibiolsci.v39i2.32617.
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Germination of diaspores and the seedling structure of Ruprechtia laxiflora Meissn. (Polygonaceae) which is a secondary species frequent in forest remnants are described. Seedlings were embedded in hydroxymethacrylate and sectioned in a rotary microtome according to usual techniques in plant anatomy. For bioassays of germination, the experimental design was completely randomized in a 3x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to three temperatures (20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for the diaspores newly harvested and in a 4x2 bifactorial arrangement, corresponding to four temperatures (15, 20, 25 and 30°C) and two light conditions (photoperiod and continuous darkness) for diaspores analyzed after storage. There was no interaction between the factors light condition and temperature for germination parameters analyzed. However, the temperature affected the germination and diaspores maintained at 25°C showed a shorter mean time and higher germination speed index. Seedlings are phanerocotylar and epigeal with tetrarch root, intermediate-low type of root-stem transition and trilacunar cotyledonary node.
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Abud, Haynna Fernandes, Magnum de Sousa Pereira, Nayara Roberto Gonçalves, Diego de Sousa Pereira, and Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra. "Germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and plants of Cereus jamacaru DC." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 3 (2013): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000300006.
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This work aimed to evaluate the germination and morphology of fruits, seeds and description of plant growth stages of mandacaru. The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial arrangement, consisting of combinations of two light conditions and three temperature regimes. A daily count of the number of germinated seeds was performed until the 16th day after sowing in order to determine the percentage, speed and time of germination. External and internal aspects were considered for the morphological description. The germination and the development of plants were evaluated for 150 days and featured eight stages of growth, based on morphological differentiation. The fruit has 154,66 ± 40,01 g mass, 82,26 ± 5,78 mm length, 62,63 ± 6,63 mm diameter and 1439 ± 189,78 seeds. The temperature of 25 °C under a photoperiod of 12 h provides the highest rate of seed germination and the seeds behave as neutral photoblastic. The germination is epigeal and fanerocotyledonary. The growth is slow and after 150 days of sowing the plant presents epicotyl with a large amount of thorns, where the whole plant is 325.30 mm in length.
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Ferdousi, Aleya, Md Oliur Rahman, and Md Abul Hassan. "Seed germination behaviour of six medicinal plants from Bangladesh." Bangladesh Journal of Plant Taxonomy 21, no. 1 (June 23, 2014): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i1.19270.
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This paper focuses on seed germination of six indigenous medicinal plants of Bangladesh, namely Adenanthera pavonina L., Helicteres isora L., Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Psoralea corylifolia L., Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. and U. picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. The minimum days taken to germinate seeds in Adenanthera pavonina L., Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack, Psoralea corylifolia L., Uraria lagopodioides (L.) Desv. and U. picta (Jacq.) Desv. ex DC. are 12, 36, 10, 39 and 14, respectively. Seeds were not germinated in Helicteres isora L. indicating that seeds are not suitable for propagation, however, propagation through stem cutting in this species revealed that plants flowers and set fruits in the same year and take only six to seven months. Epigeal type of seed germination was observed in all cases.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjpt.v21i1.19270Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 21(1): 71-76, 2014 (June)
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Horak, Michael J., and Loyd M. Wax. "Germination and Seedling Development of Bigroot Morningglory (Ipomoea pandurata)." Weed Science 39, no. 3 (September 1991): 390–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500073112.
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Studies were undertaken to determine effects of scarification, temperature, stratification, pH, and osmotic potential on seed germination; to determine the effect of planting depth on emergence; to describe the emergence sequence; and to quantify seedling development of bigroot morningglory. Mechanical and chemical scarification caused increased germination but cool, moist stratification did not break dormancy. Optimum germination occurred at 20 and 25 C and with alternating temperatures of 20/10 and 30/20 C. The optimum pH range for germination was between 6 and 8.5. Increasing the solution osmotic potential decreased germination linearly from 90% at −0.08 MPa to 0% at −0.8 MPa. Plant establishment was best at 2 to 4 cm and decreased at greater seeding depths. Seedling emergence was observed and recorded and found not to fit the classical models of hypogeal or epigeal emergence. Only 3% of 5-day-old seedlings sprouted after being clipped to the root crown. When seedlings were 11 days old at clipping, over 85% of the plants sprouted. These results indicate that bigroot morningglory has the potential to successfully reproduce by seed and that the rapid development of the plant should be considered when designing control programs.
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Silva, Joselane Príscila Gomes Da, Luiz Carlos Marangon, Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano, and Rinaldo Luiz Caraciolo Ferreira. "MORPHOFUNCTIONAL ECOLOGY OF SEEDLINGS FOUND IN A TROPICAL RAINFOREST SEED BANK, IN THE NORTHEAST OF BRAZIL." FLORESTA 51, no. 3 (June 22, 2021): 614. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v51i3.71553.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the identification and floristic composition of seedlings of tree species, located in the soil seed bank of a remnant of the Dense Ombrophilous Forest of the Lowlands, in the Northeast of Brazil, from a morphofunctional ecology standpoint. A hundred and fifty two soil samples (0.2 m x 0.15 m x 0.05 m) were taken from a forest remnant, stored in polyethylene bags, identified and then taken to the Forest Nursery at the Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, where they were placed in polyethylene boxes under a 70% shade cloth and evaluated daily for a period of seven months. The seedlings emerged were photographed, separated into morphospecies, identified at the family and gender level and, when possible, at the species level. The density and absolute frequency, as well as the successional and morphological classification of the seedling cotyledons were estimated. In total, 1,577 seedlings of 31 morphospecies were cataloged. Melastomataceae was the family that presented the greatest richness, representing 48% of the species identified. The average density was 344.62 seeds.m-2, with higher densities for species of the family Melastomataceae, together with Maprounea guianensis and Cecropia palmata. There was a predominance of seedlings with epigeal and phanerocotylar germination, and with foliaceous cotyledons, corresponding to 93.56%. The seed bank was composed, predominantly, by pioneer species such as Cecropia palmata, Henriettea succosa, Miconia hypoleuca and Miconia tomentosa. Seedlings with epigeal germination, foliaceous and phanerocotylar cotyledons predominated for being easily established in more open areas.
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Gentallan, Renerio P., Nestor C. Altoveros, Teresita H. Borromeo, Annalee S. Hadsall, and Emmanuel Bonifacio S. Timog. "Hemi-cryptocotylar epigeal germination of Koordersiodendron pinnatum (Anacardiaceae) framed according to the BBCH scale." Seed Science and Technology 46, no. 1 (April 1, 2018): 191–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15258/sst.2018.46.1.18.
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Brasileiro, Beatriz Gonçalves, Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias, Maria Carmen Bhering, and Luiz Antônio dos Santos Dias. "Floral biology and characterization of seed germination in physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.)." Revista Brasileira de Sementes 34, no. 4 (2012): 556–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-31222012000400005.
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The objective of this study was to characterize morphologically the seed germination and floral biology of Jatropha curcas grown in Viçosa, Minas Gerais state. The floral biology study was made on fresh inflorescences of 20 plants. For the post-seminal development study, the seeds were submitted to laboratory and greenhouse germination test. J. curcas has flowers of both sexes within the same inflorescence, with each inflorescence having an average of 131 flowers, being 120 male and 10.5 female flowers. Low numbers of hermaphrodite flowers were also found, ranging from 0 to 6 flowers per inflorescence. The germination of J. curcas begins on the third day with radicle protrusion in the hilum region. The primary root is cylindrical, thick, glabrous and branches rapidly, with about 4-5 branches three days after protrusion, when the emergence of the secondary roots begins. Seed coat removal occurs around the 8th day, when the endosperm is almost totally degraded and offers no resistance to the cotyledons that expand between the 10th and 12th day. A normal seedling has a long greenish hypocotyl, two cotyledons, a robust primary root and several lateral roots. On the 12th day after sowing, the normal seedling is characterized as phanerocotylar and germination is epigeal.
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Webber, Bruce L., and Ian E. Woodrow. "Cassowary frugivory, seed defleshing and fruit fly infestation influence the transition from seed to seedling in the rare Australian rainforest tree, Ryparosa sp. nov. 1 (Achariaceae)." Functional Plant Biology 31, no. 5 (2004): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/fp03214.
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The rare Australian rainforest tree Ryparosa sp. nov. 1 aff. javanica (sensu Webber & Curtis, BW-017; Achariaceae) has large fleshy fruits that undergo a distinctive colour change during ripening. Fruit seem highly suited to frugivore interactions with large ground-dwelling avian or marsupial frugivores, a role primarily filled by the endangered cassowary. We found that fruits had chemical defence traits that closely paralleled morphological ripening signals. Young fruit seeds had amongst the highest concentrations of plant tissue cyanogens ever recorded (some in excess of 12 mg g–1 dw), yet the flesh of ripe fruits had negligible cyanogen defence. A seed treatment trial found that cassowary gut passage significantly improved germination from 4% to 92%, and we were not able to replicate this result with simulated treatments. While high levels of fruit fly larval infestation accounted for reduced seed viability, this predation was apparently reduced by cassowary gut passage. Post-germination seedling traits such as haustorial cryptocotylar cotyledons and epigeal germination may increase the chance of survival for establishing seedlings. We conclude that the range of traits seen in Ryparosa recruitment is particularly suited to interactions with frugivores and survival in a rainforest ecosystem.
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Souza, Michele Trombin, Mireli Trombin Souza, and Maristela Panobianco. "Morphological characterization of fruit, seed and seedling, and seed germination test of Campomanesia guazumifolia." Journal of Seed Science 40, no. 1 (March 2018): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v40n1186143.
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Abstract: Campomanesia guazumifolia (Cambess.) O. Berg. is a native fruit species, with ecological importance and potential to be exploited by food and medical industries. There is a lack of studies enabling its on-site conservation and propagation for commercial purposes. The objective of this work was to morphologically characterize the fruit, seed and seedling development stage of this species, as well as to determine an efficient protocol for the germination test, aiming at the commercial production of seedlings. Different temperatures (20, 25, 30 and 20-30 °C), substrates (blotting paper, sand and vermiculite) and light regimes (presence and absence) were tested in order to evaluate the germination power of seeds. Fruits are bacoid, rounded, with a fleshy pericarp and hairy surface, and with an intense yellow coloration. Seeds have a reniform shape and a lateral recess, with a membranous, brown and verrucose-glanulose tegument. It has a crass embryo, with a well developed hypocotyl-radicle axis and vestigial cotyledons. Seedlings are epigeal and phanerocotylar. It is recommended to conduct the germination test for the species with temperatures of 25 or 30 ºC, on paper substrates, with light presence or absence, and with the first test count performed 23 days and the final count 50 days after sowing.
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Josiane Otalakosk, Jacqueline Barcelos da Silva, Mariana Salbego Franco, Marina Andressa de Araújo e Silva, Daniele Brandstetter Rodrigues, Andréia da Silva Almeida, and Lilian Vanussa Madruga de Tunes. "Morphometry of fruits, seeds and seedlings of Vitex megapotamica (Lamiaceae)." Acta Biológica Catarinense 7, no. 4 (January 27, 2021): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/abc.v7i4.21.
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The present study evaluated the morphology and biometry of tarumã fruits and seeds. The experiment was conducted at the Federal University of Pelotas and the fruits were collected in two matrices located in Quedas do Iguaçu – Paraná, in March 2018. The length, width and thickness of fruits and seeds were determined using a digital caliper. For biometric assessments, the arithmetic mean, standard deviation, variation coefficient and the amplitude of the values obtained were calculated. The seed germination process started in approximately 32 days. Throughout the hypocotyl, a color transition was verified. It was observed that the values of length and width of the fruits varied from 15 to 22 mm and 12 to 18 mm, respectively. Regarding the biometry of the seeds, it can be verified that the length, width and thickness of the seeds varied from 5 to 13 mm, 4 to 10 mm and 3 to 7 mm, respectively. As for morphology, it was identified that the species has germination of the epigeal type with protected cotyledon seedlings (phanerocotyledons).
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Freitas, Morgana Andrade, Eliseu Marlônio Pereira de Lucena, Oriel Herrera Bonilla, Andrieli Lima da Silva, and Valéria da Silva Sampaio. "SEED, SEEDLING AND FRUIT MORPHOLOGY AND SEED GERMINATION OF Psidium sobralianum PLANTS OF THE SÃO FRANCISCO VALLEY, BRAZIL." Revista Caatinga 31, no. 4 (December 2018): 926–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252018v31n415rc.
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ABSTRACT The Northeast region of Brazil has the second highest number of species of the Myrtaceae family. It is mostly covered by the Caatinga biome, which is very degraded, making it difficult to preserve species of this family. Thus, the objective of this work was to describe the seed, seedling, and fruit morphology, and seed germination of Psidium sobralianum Landrum & Proença plants of the São Francisco Valley, Brazil. The fruits were collected in an area of the Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation (Embrapa Semiarid), in Petrolina PE, Brazil. The evaluations consisted of determinations of fruit shape, consistency, and number of seeds; seed form, cotyledons, hilum, hypocotyl-radicle axis, and embryo type; epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp, and seed staining; longitudinal, transversal, and ventral diameters of fruits and seeds; fruit, pulp, and seed fresh and dry masses; germination test; first count of germinated seeds; germination speed index; shoot and root lengths; shoot and root fresh and dry masses; and imbibition test. Psidium sobralianum has polyspermic, berry fruits, subclassified as solanidium, with persistent sepals and globular shape, consisting of epicarp, mesocarp, endocarp and seeds. The fruits have green with orange epicarp, pale-green mesocarp, and white endocarp. The seeds have a pilose and bony aspect, a pimentoid type of embryo, foliaceous cotyledons, presence of operculum and hilum, and pale-yellow tegument. The germination is epigeal phanerocotiledonar, with root protrusion from 26 days after sowing (DAS); it presents a short, glabrous, thick radicle, and a rounded, pale-green apex. The germination is slow, probably due to the mechanical barrier of the tegument, and stabilizes at 90 DAS.
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RIOS, PETRÚCIO ALEXANDRE FONSECA, JOAO CORREIA ARAÚJO NETO, VILMA MARQUES FERREIRA, and MARIA INAJAL RODRIGUES DA SILVA DAS NEVES. "SEED MORPHOMETRY AND GERMINATION OF Aechmea costantinii (Mez) L. B. Sm. (BROMELIACEAE)." Revista Caatinga 29, no. 1 (March 2016): 85–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252016v29n110rc.
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ABSTRACT: The potential economic and environmental benefits brought by bromeliads production are significant. It is noteworthy that the high degree of degradation of some ecosystems as the Atlantic forest involve reduction of these species. This factor has been worsened by the elevated degree of endemism of these plants, e.g. Aechmea costantinii (Mez) L. B. Sm., which is a high ornamental potential bromeliad but understudied. Thus, the present research aimed to characterize physical and morphological features of A. costantinii fruit and seeds, describing the different stages of post-seminal development, as well as evaluating seed germination behavior with respect to temperature and light. For this purpose, we used fruit and seeds freshly harvested from an Atlantic Forest fragment, located in the city of Maceió, Alagoas State, Brazil. Tests were carried out under a completely randomized design, in a 6x4 factorial scheme (temperature x light) with four replications of 25 seeds. The polyspermic fruit are of tricarpellate/triloculate type and originated from inferior ovary, containing an average of 73 elliptical and mucilaginous seeds with basal embryo. The germination is epigeal-type and occurs in a great intensity and high speed at 35 °C, regardless light presence or quality.
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Andrés-Hernández, Agustina Rosa, and David Espinosa-Organista. "Morfología de plántulas de Bursera Jacq. ex L. (Burseraceae) y sus implicaciones filogenéticas." Botanical Sciences, no. 70 (May 31, 2017): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.17129/botsci.1652.
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Characters of seedlings from ten species of the genus Bursera were studied, in order to find additional taxonomic evidence. All species showed phanero-epigeal germination, developing a primary root system (axonomorphous root). Species included in section Bursera have a root swelling at basal level near the collar, and a slim hypocotyl. The cotyledonary leaves were multilobate in the ‘cuajiotes’ species group and three-lobed in species of B. simaruba complex. The species of Bursera sect. Bullockia showed a not swollen primary root system with a slim collar; a striate, lenticelled and swollen hypocotyl, and three-lobed cotyledonary leaves. There are four characters that can be considered important for phylogenetic analyses: (1) protophyll margin type, (2) protophyll venation, (3) form of cotyledonary leaves, and (4) the swolliness of the radicle. Groups like section Bullockia, the ‘cuajiotes’ and ‘mulatos’ are supported upon the distribution of characters.
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Bassaco, Marcos Vinícius, Antônio Carlos Nogueira, and Nelson Luis Cosmo. "AVALIAÇÃO DA GERMINAÇÃO EM DIFERENTES TEMPERATURAS E SUBSTRATOS E MORFOLOGIA DO FRUTO, SEMENTE E PLÂNTULA DE Sebastiania brasiliensis." FLORESTA 44, no. 3 (February 10, 2014): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v44i3.32076.
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Em virtude da carência de trabalhos com sementes florestais nativas, este estudo objetivou conhecer as principais características morfológicas e germinativas de Sebastiania brasiliensis (Spreng.). Na descrição morfológica, foram observadas as características internas e externas dos frutos e sementes e o desenvolvimento inicial da plântula. Os testes de germinação foram realizados em dois substratos (areia e vermiculita) e sob três temperaturas (25 ºC, 30 ºC e 35 ºC). O delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado, em esquema fatorial 2 x 3, com cinco repetições, calculando-se a porcentagem de germinação, o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e o tempo médio. No estudo da morfologia, observou-se que os frutos são do tipo cápsula com três cocas (uma semente/coca). A semente é endospérmica, a testa é do tipo glabra, possuindo uma coloração marrom com pequenas manchas claras. O embrião é axial, foliáceo e espatulado. As plântulas têm desenvolvimento fanerocotiledonar, epígeo, com cotilédones foliáceos fotossintetizantes. Nos testes de germinação, as sementes submetidas à temperatura de 30 ºC e em vermiculita germinaram 86%, com IVG de 7,05 e melhor tempo médio de 3,39 na temperatura de 25 ºC em substrato vermiculita. Conclui-se que a temperatura de 30 ºC no substrato vermiculita propiciou a melhor germinação, e a morfologia indica características típicas para o gênero.Palavras-chave: Branquilho-leiteiro; análise germinativa; caracterização morfológica. AbstractGermination evaluation in distinct temperatures and substrates, and morphology of fruit, seed and seedling of Sebastiania brasiliensis. Due the lack of surveys/researches regarding native forest seeds, this study aimed to identify the main morphological and germination features/patterns of Sebastiania brasiliensis (Spreng.). For the morphological description, it was observed the internal and external features of fruits and seeds and early seedling development. We tested germination in two substrates (sand and vermiculite) and three temperatures (25 ºC, 30 ºC and 35 ºC). The experimental design was completely randomized in a 2 x 3 factorial with five replications, aiming to calculate the percentage, rate index and average time of germination. The fruit is a capsule with three cokes (one seed per coke). The seed is endospermic; testa is glabrous, brown with small spots. The axial embryo is foliaceous and spatulate. Seedlings have phanerocotylar epigeal development with foliaceous photosynthetic cotyledons. Seeds planted in vermiculite under 30 ºC of temperature revealed the best germination (86%), and an IVG of 7.05; the best average time was 3.39 at 25 ºC in vermiculite. As conclusion, vermiculite with 30 ºC of temperature led to better germination, and the morphology indicates typical characteristics for the genus Sebastiania.Keywords: Branquilho-leiteiro; germination analysis; morphological characterization.
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Wulandari, Arum Sekar, and Afrida Rizka Farzana. "Mutu Fisik Dan Teknik Pematahan Dormansi Benih Kayu Kuku (Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw.)." Journal of Tropical Silviculture 11, no. 3 (December 22, 2020): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/j-siltrop.11.3.199-205.
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The presence of Pericopsis mooniana (Thw.) Thw. in nature is endangered. Meanwhile, Pericopsis mooniana plants have its obstacles in generative propagation because the seeds have mechanical dormancy. Studies carried out to: (1) observe the morphology of pods, seeds and sprouts of Pericopsis mooniana; (2) determine the physical quality of Pericopsis mooniana seeds, and (3) analyze the proper dormancy breaking treatment for Pericopsis mooniana seeds. Research is conducted in laboratories and in greenhouses. The physical quality of the seeds measured was the weight of 1,000 seeds and the moisture content. The treatment for breaking the dormancy of the Pericopsis mooniana seeds were control, scarification of the seeds using nail clippers and soaking in hot to cold water for 48 hours. Morphologically, the fruit of Pericopsis mooniana is pod-shaped, with orange seeds, oval-shaped and curved edges. Pericopsis mooniana sprouts include in the epigeal type. In 1 kg of weight there are ± 4,000 Pericopsis mooniana seeds, with the post harvest seed moisture content amounting to 7.62%. The dormancy breaking treatment of Pericopsis mooniana seeds increased seeds germination by 60% compared to controls. The scarification of Pericopsis mooniana seeds using nail clippers for breaking mechanical dormancy is the best treatment because it can increase the number of seeds germinating in a short time and simultaneously.
Key words: breaking seed dormancy, morphology, Pericopsis mooniana, physical quality, seed scarificatio
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Jauhri, K. S., and N. S. Subba Rao. "Loss of inoculated rhizobial population due to epigeal germination of seed and the influence of methods of inoculation on soybean yield." Proceedings / Indian Academy of Sciences 99, no. 1 (February 1989): 29–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03053415.
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Crane, Peter R., and Ruth A. Stockey. "Growth and reproductive biology of Joffrea speirsii gen. et sp. nov., a Cercidiphyllum-like plant from the Late Paleocene of Alberta, Canada." Canadian Journal of Botany 63, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 340–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b85-041.
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Six kinds of angiosperm compression fossils are described from the Paskapoo Formation (Late Paleocene) at Joffre Bridge near Red Deer, Alta. Pistillate inflorescences with attached carpels, folliculate infructescences, seeds, seedlings, leaves, and shoots arc all assigned to Joffrea speirsii gen. et sp. nov. Crane and Stockey. Evidence for treating the different organs under a single binomial includes attachment of inflorescences and leaf petioles to long and short shoot systems, morphological intermediates between carpels and follicles, follicles preserved expelling seeds, seeds preserved during germination, stages in seedling development, similarity between seedling and adult foliage, and constant field association. Joffrea is similar in many respects to the widespread Upper Cretaceous and early Tertiary fossil Nyssidium arcticum (Heer) Iljinskaja. Comparison of Joffrea to the extant genera Cercidiphyllum Siebold et Zuccarini, Trochodendron Siebold et Zuccarini, and Tetracentron Oliver indicates a close relationship to Cercidiphyllum; and Joffrea is interpreted as an extinct representative of the family Cercidiphyllaceae. The fossil material clarifies morphological interpretations of the pistillate reproductive structures in extant Cercidiphyllum. The probable staminate inflorescences of Joffrea, are also similar to extant Cercidiphyllum. They are budlike and composed of 10–20 bracts, some of which have stamens in their axils. Pollen has not been recovered from the anthers. Pistillate inflorescences developed from axillary buds on the short shoots and were probably wind-pollinated. The production of numerous small winged seeds, epigeal germination, and the preservation of large numbers of in situ seedlings suggest that Joffrea speirsii and similar extinct Upper Cretaceous and early Tertiary species may have been "weedy" plants capable of rapidly colonizing open floodplain habitats.
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Aiello, Nicola, Arianna Marengo, Fabrizio Scartezzini, Pietro Fusani, Barbara Sgorbini, Patrizia Rubiolo, and Cecilia Cagliero. "Evaluation of the Farming Potential of Echinacea Angustifolia DC. Accessions Grown in Italy by Root-Marker Compound Content and Morphological Trait Analyses." Plants 9, no. 7 (July 9, 2020): 873. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9070873.
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The Echinacea genus includes a number of species that are commercially employed for the preparation of herbal products. Echinacea angustifolia DC. is one of these and is widely used, mainly for its immunomodulating properties, as it contains a wide range of compounds that belong to different chemical classes. In particular, echinacoside, cynarin and lipophylic alkylamides are the main specialized metabolites of the roots and can be considered to be marker compounds. In this work, 65 E. angustifolia accessions have been compared in a field trial in Italy, with the aim of investigating the variability/stability of the weight and chemical composition of their roots in order to identify the accessions that are most promising for future genetic-improvement programs. The morphological characteristics of the aerial parts have also been investigated. Seventeen samples were discarded due to germination or plantlet-development issues. Seven of the remaining accessions were identified as being different Echinacea species after a combined phytochemical and morphological evaluation. The morphological traits of the epigeal part, the root weight and the chemical composition data of the 41 confirmed E. angustifolia accessions were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis and a moderately homogenous sample distribution, with low selected-marker variability, was observed. Good echinacoside content was detected in almost all roots (>0.5%). However, two groups of accessions stood out because of their interesting features: One group possessed small roots, but had a high concentration of marker compounds, while another had highly developed roots and a good amount of marker compounds. These accessions can therefore be exploited for future selection work.
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VAZQUEZ, G. H., W. J. O. DE SOUZA, L. S. VANZELA, K. M. ISA, and A. V. DE ASSIS. "INTERFERÊNCIA DO TIPO DE GERMINAÇÃO - HIPÓGEO OU EPÍGEO - NO ESTABELECIMENTO INICIAL DE PLÂNTULAS EM DIFERENTES PROFUNDIDADES DE SEMEADURA / INTERACTION OF SOWING DEPTH AND TYPE OF SEED GERMINATION - HYPOGEAL OR EPIGEAL - ON THE GERMINATIVE PERFORMANCE OF." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia de Biossistemas 5, no. 3 (November 21, 2011): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.18011/bioeng2011v5n3p158-169.
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MOREIRA, Fatima Maria de Souza, and Francisco Wessen MOREIRA. "CARACTERÍSTICAS DA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE 64 ESPÉCIES DE LEGUMINOSAS FLORESTAIS NATIVAS DA AMAZÔNIA, EM CONDIÇÕES DE VIVEIRO." Acta Amazonica 26, no. 1-2 (June 1996): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-43921996261016.
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Foram estudados aspectos da germinação de sementes de 64 espécies de leguminosas, nativas da Amazônia, sendo 52 arbóreas, 10 cipós, 1 arbusto e 1 herbácea, oriundas de áreas de terra firme ou periodicamente inundadas. Cinquenta e oito por cento das espécies apresentaram, sem tratamento pré-germinativo, percentagens de germinação maiores que 70% num período menor que 91 dias. Em 8 espécies de tegumento duro as percentagens de germinação, sem pré-tratamento, encontradas foram menores que 40%. Cinquenta e nove por cento das espécies de áreas inundadas apresentaram uma germinação tipo hipógea enquanto, cinquenta e quatro por cento das espécies de terra firme apresentaram uma germinação epigea. Poliembrionia ocorreu em 22% das espécies. Sementes com comprimento maior que 3,1 cm só apresentaram germinação hipógea enquanto as sementes com comprimento menor ou igual a 1 cm só apresentaram germinação epigea.
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Cosmo, Nelson Luiz, Alessandra Mara Gogosz, Suelen Santos Rego, Antonio Carlos Nogueira, and Yoshiko Saito Kuniyoshi. "MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTO, SEMENTE E PLÂNTULA, E GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Myrceugenia euosma (O. BERG) D. LEGRAND (MYRTACEAE)." FLORESTA 47, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 479. http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v47i4.46933.
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Myrceugenia euosma (O. Berg) D. Legrand (Myrtaceae) tem porte arbóreo ou arbustivo, com ocorrência na América do Sul, principalmente no Chile e no sul do Brasil. Objetivou-se estudar a morfologia de fruto, semente e plântula, e a germinação de sementes desta espécie. Os frutos foram coletados de cinco matrizes em remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Mista Aluvial em Araucária – PR. Foi testada a influência de diferentes substratos (papel, rolo de papel e areia), temperaturas (20 ºC, 25 ºC e 30 ºC) e condições de luz (presença e ausência) sobre a germinação das sementes. M. euosma tem fruto do tipo baga, contendo de 2 a 13 sementes, envolvidas por tegumento membranáceo, com endosperma mucilaginoso, evidente apenas na germinação. O embrião é mircióide, típico da subtribo Myrciinae, e a plântula é epígea, fanerocotiledonar. A germinação tem início entre três e cinco dias e, com exceção do substrato rolo de papel na temperatura 30ºC, os demais tratamentos apresentaram percentuais relativamente altos de germinação (≈ 72%). As sementes são fotoblásticas neutras. Os resultados indicam que M. euosma tem poucas restrições em termos reprodutivos quanto à germinação.Palavras-chave: Myrciinae, Floresta Ombrófila Mista, Floresta com Araucária. AbstractMorphology of fruit, seed and seedling and seed germination of Myrceugenia euosma (O. Berg) D. Legrand (Myrtaceae). Myrceugenia euosma is a tree or shruby species that occurs in South America in two major centers: Chile and south of Brazil. The objective of this work was to study the morphology of the fruit, seed and seedling and the seed germination of this species. Fruit, seed and seedling were illustrated and described. The influence of three substrates (paper towels, paper roll and sand), temperatures (20 ºC, 25 ºC and 30 ºC) and conditions of light (presence and absence) over the seed germination were evaluated. The fruit of M. euosma is a berry, containing 2 to 13 seeds. The seed has membranaceous tegument, small amount of mucilaginous endosperm, evident only in germination, and embryo typical of the subtribe Myrciinae. The seedling is epigea, phanerocotylar, with paracotyledons and eophylls simple, opposites. Germination started three to five days after the test installation. Almost all treatments resulted in relatively high germination percentage (≈72%), except in paper roll at 30ºC (43%). The species germinates in the absence of light. The results indicate that M. euosma has few reproductive restrictions with regard to germination.Keywords: Myrciinae, Mixed Ombrophylous Forest , Araucaria forest.
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Moura, Sueli Silva Santos, Rosemere dos Santos Silva, Edna Ursulino Alves, Edilma Pereira Gonçalves, Lenyneves Duarte Alvino de Araújo, Magnólia Martins Alves, and Paulo Costa Araújo. "Morphology of seeds, seedlings, and young plants of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 40, no. 3 (May 21, 2019): 1063. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2019v40n3p1063.
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Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. is a legume, the fruits of which are used in routine extraction by the pharmaceutical industry. The objective was to study the morphological aspects of seeds, germination, seedlings, and young plants of Dimorphandra gardneriana Tul. The study was conducted at the Laboratory of Seed Analysis (LAS), Center of Agricultural Sciences, Federal University of Paraíba (CCA-UFPB), Areia - PB. The external morphological characteristics observed of the seeds were color, texture, and consistency of the teguments; seed shape; hilum and micropyle position; color and thickness of raphe and other structures present; besides internal embryo characteristics (cotyledons, hypocotyl-radicle axis, plumule, and central cylinder); and presence of the endosperm. The seed imbibition curve was determined by the weight of the seeds over a period of 90 h, evaluated every 6 h, with germination being considered as the protrusion of the primary root, or the moment when the primary root breaks the integument, and normal seedlings were evaluated on the 5th day after sowing. Most of the morphological characteristics identified in the plants and seedlings of D. gardneriana resembled those observed for other species of the same genus. The seeds of D. gardneriana Tul., were medium sized, with an average length of 11.95 mm, width of 5.33 mm, and thickness of 4.3 mm, unitegmic with a hard tegument, and impermeable to water. The process of imbibition of the seeds was initially slow and the three-phase curve of imbibition was not clear. The germination was epigeic and phanerocotiledonar and began on the 5th day after sowing.
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Medeiros, Jordânia Xavier de, Ana Lícia Patriota Feliciano, Jamile Erica de Medeiros, Helder Henrique Duarte Santos, and Valderez Pontes Matos. "MORFOLOGIA DA GERMINAÇÃO DE SEMENTES DE Senna cana (Nees & Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby." Nativa 7, no. 6 (November 11, 2019): 784. http://dx.doi.org/10.31413/nativa.v7i6.8626.
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O objetivo do estudo foi descrever a morfologia da germinação de plântulas normais de Senna cana (Nees & Mart.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby e, descrever as plântulas anormais. A coleta das sementes foi realizada no Parque Nacional Vale do Catimbau, Buíque - PE. As sementes foram escarificadas, desinfestadas e lavadas com água deionizada. Foram utilizadas quatro repetições de 25 sementes, semeadas sobre papel toalha e postas para germinar em B.O.D a 20-30ºC. A emissão da radícula ocorreu no terceiro dia após semeadura, coloração bege amarelada, tenra, cilíndrica, com pelos radiculares. Do 7º ao 11º dia, alongamento do hipocótilo e surgimento das raízes secundárias. O hipocótilo cilíndrico, herbáceo, coloração amarela, com tricomas curtos. No 17º dia, o surgimento do epicótilo pubescente. Aos 45 dias, o sistema radicular pivotante, com comprimento de 3,0 a 3,5 cm de coloração marrom enegrecida. O hipocótilo de 2,5 a 3,0 cm, cilíndrico, reto ou tortuoso, verde-claro no ápice e amarelado na base. Cotilédones persistentes, limbo levemente pendente, verde-escuro em ambas as faces e nervação evidente. Os protófilos compostos, pinados, alternos, peciolados, verde-claro, com dois folíolos e muitos tricomas. A semente de S. cana apresenta germinação epígea, sendo as plântulas classificadas como fanerocotiledonares.Palavras-chave: Caatinga; estudo morfológico; espécie nativa. MORPHOLOGY OF SEED GERMINATION OF Senna cana (Nees & Mart.) H.S. Irwin & Barneby ABSTRACT: The objective of the study was to describe the germination morphology of normal seedlings of Senna cana (Nees & Mart.) H. S. Irwin & Barneby and, describe the abnormal seedlings. The seeds were collected in the Vale do Catimbau National Park, Buíque - PE. The seeds were scarified, disinfested and washed with deionized water. Four replicates of 25 seeds were used, sown on paper towel and put to germinate in B.O.D at 20-30ºC. The emission of the radicle occurred on the third day after sowing, beige yellowish color, tender, cylindrical, with root hairs. From 7th to 11th day, hypocotyl elongation and secondary root development. The cylindrical hypocotyl, herbaceous, yellow color, with short trichomes. On the 17th day, the appearance of the pubescent epicotyl. At 45 days, the pivotal root system, with 3.0 to 3.5 cm length of blackish brown coloration. Hypocotyl 2.5-3.0 cm, cylindrical, straight or tortuous, light green at apex and yellow at base. Persistent cotyledons, slightly pendulous limb, dark green on both cheeks and obvious veining. The prototyphs composed, pinnate, alternate, petiolate, light green, with two leaflets and many trichomes. The S. cana seed presents epigene germination, the seedlings being classified as phanerocotonares.Keywords: Caatinga; morphological study; native species.
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Leão-Araújo, Érica Fernandes, Eli Regina Barboza de Souza, Nei Peixoto, and Francisco Guilhien Gomes-Júnior. "Physiological potential of seeds and morphological characterization of Campomanesia adamantium seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 41, no. 4 (2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452019007.
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Abstract The cultivation of native fruit species depends on the existence of consistent technical and scientific information on the germination and vigor of seeds for efficient management by seedling producers. The evaluation of the physiological potential of seeds is performed through germination and vigor tests, which must be standardized to ensure the generation of accurate information. For Campomanesia adamantium, information on parameters for conducting physiological tests is scarce. The aims of this work were (i) to evaluate the effect of temperature and seed positioning on the substrate for seed germination and vigor, and (ii) to characterize and describe the essential structures and main types of seedling abnormality. After harvest, fruits were pulped and, after seed extraction, germination tests were carried out for 42 days at three temperatures (20, 25 and 30 °C), with seeds positioned in the germination substrate in two ways (between paper and on paper). Seed vigor was evaluated by means of the first germination count (performed on the 20th day) and the germination rate index. The temperature and substrate interaction did not influence variables under study. The position of seeds on the substrate did not influence the physiological potential results. No differences were observed between seed germination temperatures; however, seeds submitted to germination at 25 °C showed higher vigor compared to the other temperatures. Germination and vigor tests, based on seedling performance, should be performed at constant temperature of 25 °C and seed positioning between paper and on paper may be used. Germination in C. adamantium was characterized as epigeal.
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Pinheiro, Daniel Teixeira, André Dantas de Medeiros, Paulo César Hilst, Antônio Lelis Pinheiro, and Denise Cunha Fernandes dos Santos Dias. "GERMINATION AND POST-SEMINAL DEVELOPMENT OF Melaleuca alternifolia (MAIDEN & BETCHE) CHEEL." Revista Árvore 44 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-908820200000013.
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ABSTRACT There is little information regarding the germination pattern, seed characterization, and seedling development of Melaleuca alternifolia. This study aimed to determine the ideal temperature for the germination of M. alternifolia seeds, as well as to characterize the seeds and the post-seminal development of the species. Three lots of M. alternifolia seeds were placed to germinate at 20, 25, 20-30, 20-35, 30, and 35 °C, with daily evaluations to determine germination rate, germination speed index (GSI), speed of germination (SG), and mean time for germination of 50% (t50) and 100% (t100) of seeds. The inner morphology of the seeds was evaluated through X-ray images and seedling morphology by photographs. Alternating temperatures (20-30 and 20-35 °C) led to germination rates higher than the other temperatures. The GSI had the lowest values at the constant temperature of 20 °C and the highest values at the constant 30 °C for all the lots. The SG was lowest at a temperature of 20 °C and the highest at the temperature of 35 °C. At alternating temperatures (20-30 and 20-35 °C), t50 was around 5 days and t100 reached 16 days. In conclusion, the alternating temperatures of 20-30 °C and 20-35 °C are recommended for germination of M. alternifolia, and final evaluation can be performed at 16 days after sowing. The inner structures of seeds could be visualized by X-ray analysis, and full seeds could be distinguished from empty seeds and impurities. Seeds exhibit epigeal germination and seedling development is stabilized after 30 days.
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Cunha, Maria do Carmo Learth, Tamires Leal de Lima, Thiago Costa Ferreira, and Yathaanderson Mendes dos Santos. "Seed, seedling, tirodendro morphology and germination of Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan (Fabaceae, Mimosoideae)." Hoehnea 47 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-59/2020.
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ABSTRACT The specie Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan, angico-vermelho, is little studied regarding the morphological characters of its seeds, seedlings and tirodendo. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe and illustrate the morphology of seed germination, seedling and tirodendro of angico-vermelho. Seeds of five matrices were harvested and submitted to germination test at 28 °C on paper roll and vermiculite substrates. The seeds are euryspermics with horseshoe-shaped pleurograma and seedlings epigeal-phanerocotylar. The seedling eophylls are compound, bi-pinnate, opposite, oblong-shape laminar and based asymmetric. Petiole has reddish oval gland at the beginning, and two to three rounded glands between the last pinnae. Eophylls and metaphylls have similar morphological characteristics, except for the pinnae number. The tirodendro presents metaphylls compounds bi-pinnate opposite, with gradual hypertrophy of the taproot 27th day after sowing, the xylopodium, that becames larger until 180 days.
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Felix, Francival Cardoso, Fabrícia Nascimento de Oliveira, Narjara Walessa Nogueira de Freitas, Rômulo Magno Oliveira de Freitas, Imtinen Ben Haj Jilani, and Salvador Barros Torres. "Seed characterization and germination morpho-physiology of Simira gardneriana (Rubiaceae)." Journal of Seed Science 43 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v43250771.
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Abstract: Simira gardneriana (Rubiaceae) is a newly discovered tree species endemic to the Caatinga. For this reason, studies aimed at propagation, seed and seedlings analysis are essential for morphology, identification, classification, and conservation. Our objective was to characterize the seeds, the morpho-physiology of germination and seedling establishment of S. gardneriana. Therefore, we performed physical, biometric, biochemical, and morphological characterization of the seeds, as well as an evaluation of the germination process and seedling establishment. Hydration of seeds was carried out by three methods (immersion in water, on a wire mesh, and between paper rolls) and at two temperatures (25 and 30 °C). Morphological characterization of the seedlings was performed on paper substrate at 30 °C for 28 days. Seeds of S. gardneriana are orthodox, amylo-lipid, have an endosperm and do not exhibit physical dormancy. Hydration and germination of the seeds can be achieved in a paper roll at 30 °C with root protrusion on the sixth day, and complete seedling formation on the 28th day after sowing. Seedlings of S. gardneriana are phanero-epigeal cotyledonous with photosynthetic cotyledons and have ability to regrow the root system. Characterization of S. gardneriana seeds, germination and seedlings contributes to its propagation and may help in subsequent taxonomic and phylogenetic studies in Rubiaceae.
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Lima, Liliane Ferreira, Renata Gabriela Vila Nova de Lima, Angélica Cândida Ferreira, Eduardo Bezerra de Almeida Jr., and Carmen Silvia Zickel. "Morphological characterization of fruit, seeds and seedlings of white-seal (Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. -Sapotaceae)." Biota Neotropica 17, no. 4 (October 23, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2017-0355.
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Abstract Chrysophyllum is the second largest genus of Sapotaceae, with 81 species distributed in the neotropics. Little data are found in the literature regarding the morphology of seedlings and the early development of this genus. This study aims to morphologically characterize the fruit, seeds and seedlings of Chrysophyllum rufum Mart. Fruits were collected from individuals present in two fragments of the Atlantic Forest, Pernambuco. A sample of 100 seeds and 100 fruits was randomly selected to obtain the morphological data. The seeds were sown in plastic trays in a greenhouse. The fruits are bacoid, obovoid and globose with one or two functional seeds per fruit. The seeds are obovate, with the shape of the hilum ranging from elliptical transverse to oblong transverse. The embryo is cotyledonar, with a spatulated form. The cotyledons are foliaceous and whitish-translucent. The endosperm is abundant and whitish. Germination is epigeal, phanerocotylar and unipolar. The seedling has different characteristics than those of the adult individual, such as the shape and leaf consistency, type of leaf margin, type of venation variation, number of pairs of secondary veins, trichome coloring and abundance of latex.
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Cosmo, Nelson Luiz, Antônio Carlos Nogueira, Jeniane Gonçalves de Lima, and Yoshiko Saito Kuniyoshi. "MORFOLOGIA DE FRUTO, SEMENTE E PLÂNTULA DE Sebastiania commersoniana, EUPHORBIACEAE." FLORESTA 40, no. 2 (June 30, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.5380/rf.v40i2.17837.
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Neste estudo, realizou-se a descrição morfológica de fruto, semente e plântula de Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) L. B. Smith & R. J. Downs (branquilho), espécie arbórea de ampla distribuição no sul do Brasil, especialmente nas planícies aluviais da Floresta Ombrófila Mista. Foram obtidos frutos de dez matrizes em Engenheiro Bley, distrito da Lapa-PR. Para a descrição e ilustração do fruto e da semente, 50 amostras aleatórias foram analisadas. As sementes foram colocadas em rolo de papel-toalha, e em substrato comercial, postas para germinar em germinador Biomatic, a 25 oC. A espécie tem fruto deiscente do tipo esquizocarpáceo tricoca. A semente é carunculada, com hilo, rafe e micrópila visíveis sob lupa, tegumento papiráceo e endosperma oleaginoso, tendo dispersão autocórica e zoocórica. O embrião é dominante, axial, espatulado, com cotilédones foliáceos, cordiformes e eixo hipocótilo-radicular cilíndrico. A germinação iniciou-se por volta do terceiro e quarto dias após a instalação do teste, sendo a plântula epígea, fanerocotiledonar. Decorreram cerca de dez dias até a abertura dos paracotilédones e 15 dias até o início do desenvolvimento do epicótilo. Diversas características aqui descritas explicam, em parte, a eficiente e expressiva distribuição da espécie em sua área de ocorrência natural. Palavras-chave: Morfologia vegetal; germinação; floresta aluvial; floresta ciliar. Abstract Morphology of the fruit, seed and seedling of Sebastiania commersoniana, Euphorbiaceae. This work consists on a morphological description of the fruit, seed and seedling of Sebastiania commersoniana (Baillon) L. B. Smith & R. J. Downs (branquilho), tree species with wide distribution in southern Brazil, especially in the floodplains of the Mixed Ombrophylous Forest. For this, they were obtained fruits of ten trees in the district of Engenheiro Bley, municipality of Lapa-PR. For description and illustration of the fruits and seeds, 50 random samples were used. For germination, seeds were placed on paper-towel and on commercial substrate, in Biomatic germinator, at 25 ºC. S. commersoniana has a dehiscent schizocarpic fruit, with three fruitlets. The albuminous seed has a papyraceous seed coat with caruncle, hilum, raphe and micropyle visible under magnifying glass. The embryo is dominant, axial, espatulate, with cordate, foliaceous cotyledons and cylindrical axis. The germination started up around the third and fourth days after the test installation and the seedling is epigeal, phanerocotyledonous. The opening of the paracotyledons and the beginning of the epicotyl development occurred about 15 days after the test installation. Several characteristics described in this paper explains, in part, the efficient and expressive distribution of this species in its area of natural occurrence.Keywords: Plant morphology; germination; alluvial forest; riparian forest.
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Pereira, Sammy Aquino, and Sidney Alberto do Nascimento Ferreira. "FRUIT AND SEED BIOMETRY AND SEEDLING MORPHOLOGY OF Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.)." Revista Árvore 41, no. 2 (June 26, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882017000200006.
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ABSTRACT Parkia discolor (Spruce ex Benth.) is a species of floodplain forest permanently flooded, mainly used in folk medicine and with economic potential. The purpose of this study was to estimate the biometric characteristics of fruits and seeds of Parkia discolor and describe the morphology and development of its seedlings and young plants. On average, fruits have shown the following dimensions: 18.45 cm long with pedicel, 13.25 cm long without pedicel, 4.4 cm wide and 0.66 cm thick mass of 11.91 g. The seeds have shown 1.73 cm long, 0.68 cm wide and 0.39 cm thick mass of 0.38 g. A thousand seeds mass was estimated to be 361.15 g and the number of seeds per kilogram was 2769. The fruits and seeds of these species are preyed by insects of the families Scolytidae, Nitidulidae, Cerambycidae and Bruchidae. Germination is epigeal - phanerocotylar; the seedling presents hypocotyl herbaceous, sessile cotyledons, based split, eophyll compound, paripinnatus with 1-3 pairs of leaflets, most 2 pairs, with the insertion of a spherical gland leaflets, bright green. The young plant has a woody base with 5 eophylls, alternate and presents between 21-26 pairs of foliolums. The use of plastic bags of 900 cm3 was more proper than using a styrofoam tray with "cell" of 125 cm3 for the development of the plants during the period of three months.
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Zhou, Xibei, Wulong Liang, Yanfeng Zhang, Zhumei Ren, and Yingping Xie. "Effect of earthworm Eisenia fetida epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of Beauveria bassiana." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (July 6, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-92694-y.
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AbstractBeauveria bassiana is one of the most widely studied and used entomopathogenic fungus as biopesticide. In the biological control of pests, B. bassiana will persist in the soil after application, and will inevitably contact with earthworms, especially the epigeic earthworm species. So, what are the effects of earthworm and its epidermal mucus on the activity of B. bassiana? We employed the epigeic earthworm Eisenia fetida, B. bassiana TST05 strain, and the insect Atrijuglans hetaohei mature larvae to study the impact of earthworm epidermal mucus on the vitality and pathogenicity of B. bassiana to insect. Methods included scanning electron microscope observation, detection of spore germination, fungal extracellular enzyme activity, and infection testing to A. hetaohei. The results showed that the B. bassiana spores may attach to the cuticle of E. fetida but they could be covered by the epidermal mucus and became rough and shrunken. After treatment with the epidermal mucus, the spore germination and extracellular enzymes of B. bassiana was significantly inhibited. Inoculation of A. hetaohei larvae with a mixture of B. bassiana and mucus showed that the mucus could reduce the pathogenicity of B. bassiana to the insect, resulting in a slower disease course and lower mortality. It was concluded that the epidermal mucus of the earthworm E. fetida can inhibit the activity of B. bassiana, as well as the infectivity and pathogenicity of fungus to target insects. However, after treatment with epidermal mucus the surviving B. bassiana still had certain infectivity to insects. This is of great significance for the application of B. bassiana in biological control of pests.
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Moura, Cristiane Coelho de, Thaís Ribeiro Costa, Letícia Renata Carvalho, Miranda Titon, Israel Marinho Pereira, and Evandro Luiz Mendonça Machado. "Morpho-physiological classification of seeds and morphology of fruits and seedlings of Richeria grandis." Rodriguésia 71 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202071098.
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Abstract The objective was to describe and characterize the fruit morphology, seeds, seedlings and germination of Richeria grandis. Mature fruits were collected from matrix trees located in gallery forests. After, morphological descriptions were performed. Biometric measurement of fruits and seeds were carried out. A total of 650 seeds were randomly separated, with 20% being used for germination and humidity testing on the same day of collection and the others stored for 5, 10, 15 and 20 days. The germination test was performed in a gerbox, conducted in a laboratory chamber of the type B.O.D (biochemical oxygen demand) with a photoperiod of 12h and a temperature of 25 ºC ± 1 ºC. Periodic observations were made to monitor the development of the seedlings until the first germinated seeds reached the full seedling stage. The fruit of R. grandis is a simple, dry, capsule type septifraga, dehiscent and schizocarpic, with average length of 16.24 mm and an average width of 8.57 mm. The seed is an ellipsoid shape, containing a sarcotesta and has an average length of 7.40 mm and an average width of 4.57 mm. R. grandis presents recalcitrant seeds, which emerge in a Phanero-epigene-foliaceous manner. The radicle breaks the integument on the second day after sowing, the collection is evidenced on the 10th day, separating the primary root from the hypocotyl. At day 16, the cotyledons expand from the forehead, positioned at a 90º angle to the hypocotyl. The protophyll and the epicotyl appear only after the 50th day, characterizing the complete seedling.