Contents
Academic literature on the topic 'Épilepsie – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Épilepsie – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Épilepsie – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux"
Braem, Kirsten, and Rik J. Lories. "Un aperçu de la physiopathologie de la spondylarthrite ankylosante : contribution des modèles animaux." Revue du Rhumatisme 79, no. 1 (2012): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rhum.2011.11.003.
Full textFrugier, T., C. Cifuentes-Diaz, FD Tiziano, and J. Melki. "Amyotrophies spinales : apport des modèles animaux à une meilleure compréhension de la physiopathologie et au développement des thérapeutiques." médecine/sciences 17, no. 6-7 (2001): 737. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1998.
Full textELSEN, J. M., F. LANTIER, R. RUPP, et al. "Organisation à l’INRA des observations et expérimentations sur des animaux modèles ou agronomiques infectés par une Encéphalopathie Spongiforme Transmissible." INRAE Productions Animales 17, HS (2004): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2004.17.hs.3614.
Full text"Physiopathologie, modèles cellulaires et animaux (P553 – P604)." médecine/sciences 26 (January 2010): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/2010261s207.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Épilepsie – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux"
Nita, Dragos Alexandru. "Incessant transitions between active and silent states in cortico-thalamic circuits and altered neuronal excitability lead to epilepsy." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/19753.
Full textThe guiding line in our experiments was the hypothesis that the occurrence and / or the persistence of long-lasting fluctuations between silent and active states in the neocortical networks, together with a modified neuronal excitability are the key factors of epileptogenesis, leading to behavioral seizures. We addressed this hypothesis in two different experimental models. The chronic cortical deafferentation replicated the physiological deafferentation of the neocortex observed during slow-wave sleep (SWS). Under these conditions of decreased synaptic input and increased incidence of silent periods in the corticothalamic system the process of homeostatic plasticity up-regulated cortical cellular and network mechanisms and leaded to an increased excitability. Therefore, the deafferented cortex was able to oscillate between active and silent epochs for long periods of time and, furthermore, to develop highly synchronized activities, ranging from cellular hyperexcitability to focal epileptogenesis and generalized seizures. The kindling model was used in order to impose to the cortical network a synaptic drive superior to the one naturally occurring during the active states - wake or rapid eye movements (REM) sleep. Under these conditions a different plasticity mechanism occurring in the thalamo-cortical system imposed long-lasting oscillatory pattern between active and silent epochs, which we called outlasting activities. Independently of the mechanism of epileptogenesis seizures showed some analogous characteristics: alteration of the neuronal firing pattern with increased bursts probability, a constant tendency toward generalization, faster propagation and increased synchrony over the time, and modulation by the state of vigilance (overt during SWS and completely abolished during REM sleep). Silent, hyperpolarized, states of cortical neurons favor the induction of burst firing in response to depolarizing inputs, and the postsynaptic influence of a burst is much stronger as compared to a single spike. Furthermore, we brought evidences that a particular type of neocortical neurons - fast rhythmic bursting (FRB) class - is capable to consistently respond with bursts during the hyperpolarized phase of the slow oscillation, fact that may play a very important role in both normal brain processing and in epileptogenesis. Finally, we reported a third plastic mechanism in the cortical network following seizures - a decreasing amplitude of cortically evoked excitatory post-synaptic potentials (EPSP) following seizures - which may be one of the factors responsible for the behavioral deficits observed in patients with epilepsy. We conclude that incessant transitions between active and silent states in cortico-thalamic circuits induced either by disfacilitation (sleep), cortical deafferentation (4-Hz ictal episodes) and by kindling (outlasting activities) create favorable circumstances for epileptogenesis. The increase in burst-firing, which further induce abnormally strong postsynaptic excitation, shifts the balance of excitation and inhibition toward overexcitation leading to the onset of seizures.
Roch, Catherine. "Etudes par imagerie de l'évolution des modifications pathologiques pour la compréhension de la physiopathologie du modèle lithium-pilocarpine d'épilepsie du lobe temporal." Strasbourg 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13193.
Full textThe study of the physiopathology of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is still debated. In fact, there is no clear response to questions like: (1) is hippocampal sclerosis the cause or the consequence of epilepsy? (2) why does only a part of the population develop epilepsy after an initial precipitating injury? The lithium-pilocarpine (li-pilo) model in the rat is a well-studied model of TLE which reproduces most clinical, and neuropathological features of human TLE. Moreover, the consequences of status epilepticus induced by li-pilo are age-dependent. We used various imaging techniques (magnetic resonance imaging, autoradiography and single-photon emission computed tomography) to study the evolution of pathological modifications that lead to epilepsy after status epilepticus induced by li-pilo in adult and developing rats. Our results suggest that status epilepticus induced by the li-pilo will cause modifications of metabolism, cerebral blood flow as well as very early damage in the thalamus and the piriform and entorhinal cortices. Furthermore, the cortical alterations are predictive of epileptic outcome. These alterations are mainly the result of an excitotoxic mechanism and characterize the initial step of epileptogenesis. The thalamus, which is also activated early and intensively (enough to provoke a blood-brain barrier breakdown), could be a synchronizer of epileptic activities. The hippocampal sclerosis seems to be the consequence of cortical alterations and progressively worsens. Although it is sclerosed, the hippocampus is strongly activated during the chronic phase of epilepsy showing its key role in the epileptic circuit
Avramescu, Sinziana. "Cellular and homeostatic network mechanisms of posttraumatic epilepsy." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25580/25580.pdf.
Full textAfter penetrating cortical wounds, the brain becomes gradually hyperexcitable and generates spontaneous paroxysmal activity, but the progressive mechanisms of epileptogenesis remain virtually unknown. The guiding line of our experiments was the hypothesis that the reduced cortical activity following deafferentation triggers homeostatic mechanisms acting at cellular and network levels, leading to an increased neuronal excitability and finally generating paroxysmal activities. We tested this hypothesis either in anesthetized adult cats, or during natural sleep and wake, using the model of partially deafferented suprasylvian gyrus to induce posttraumatic epileptogenesis. We evaluated the effects of acute and chronic cortical deafferentation on the survival of neurons and glial cells and how long-term input deprivation could shape up the properties of neuronal networks and the initiation of spontaneous cortical activity. Following cortical deafferentation of the suprasylvian gyrus, the deeply laying neurons, particularly the inhibitory GABAergic ones, degenerate progressively in parallel with an increased propensity to paroxysmal activity, mainly during slow-wave sleep. The chronic input deprivation and the death of neurons activate homeostatic plasticity mechanisms, which promote a gradual increased neuronal connectivity, higher efficacy of excitatory synaptic connections and changes in intrinsic cellular properties favoring increased excitation. The spontaneous cortical activity quantified by means of firing rate augments also progressively, particularly during slow-wave sleep, characterized by periods of silent states alternating with periods of active states, which supports furthermore our hypothesis regarding the involvement of homeostatic plasticity mechanisms. The degeneration of neurons in the deep cortical layers generates important changes in the laminar distribution of neuronal activity, which is shifted from the deeper layers to the more superficial ones, in the partially deafferented part of the gyrus. This change in the depth profile distribution of firing rates modifies also the initiation of spontaneous cortical activity which, in normal cortex, and in the relatively intact part of the deafferented gyrus, is initiated in the deep cortical layers. Conversely, in late stages of the undercut, both the cortical slow oscillation and the ictal activity are initiated in the more superficial layers and then spread to the deeper ones. Cortical trauma induces also an important reactive gliosis associated with an impaired function of glial cells, responsible for a dysfunctional K+ clearance in the injured cortex, which additionally increases the excitability of neurons, promoting the generation of paroxysmal activity. We conclude, that the homeostatic plasticity mechanisms triggered by the decreased level of activity in the deafferented cortex, generate an uncontrollable cortical hyperexcitability, finally leading to seizures. If this statement is true, augmenting cortical activity rapidly after cortical trauma rather than decreasing it with antiepileptic medication, could prove beneficial in preventing the development of posttraumatic epileptogenesis.
Inscrite au Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures
Libouban, Hélène. "Modèles animaux d'hyper-résorption osseuse : méthodes d'étude et physiopathologie." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0502.
Full textSeveral animal models, with a high bone resorption level, were studied : the orchidectomized (ORX) rat model, the 5T2MM murine myeloma model with or without ovariectomy (OVX). We have first examined reproducibility, accuracy and sensibility of several methods used to evaluate bone loss. Then, we have studied the physiopathology of high remodeling rate in these animal models. Densitometric measurements (DXA) of bone mineral content (BMC) were done in control rats. Precise and accurate BMC measurements were obtained on 3 different generations of densitometer. However, discrepancy of BMC was dependent on the net weight of the bone. BMC measurements were performed on bone of ORX rat and ORX treated with a bisphosphonate. Accuracy was not affected by a large distribution of BMC values. DXA appeared to be less sensitive than bone histomorphometry to appreciate bone loss in the ORX rat model. In the ORX rat, histomorphometry evidenced alteration of trabecular bone architecture before bone loss occured. In the 5T2MM murine myeloma model, the increase of bone resorption induced disaparition of trabecular bone and numerous cortical perforations. We have proposed a combined animal model in which OVX was performed in mice prior inoculation of 5T2MM cells. OXV induced an increase bone remodeling which was associated with an increase of tumor growth and earlier development of osteolytic lesions. This result could explain some sudden burden of indolent MM into aggressive MM in man when a modification of mode remodeling happens
Riban, Véronique. "Rôle du thalamus dorsomédian dans un circuit de contrôle des crises épileptiques : étude dans deux modèles de crises généralisées et de crises focales." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13167.
Full textRigoulot, Marie-Aude. "Apport de la neuroprotection à la compréhension de l'épileptogenèse dans deux modèles d'épilepsie du lobe temporal." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004STR13163.
Full textClouet, Johann. "Développement de l'ingénierie tissulaire du disque intervertébral : de la physiopathologie aux modèles animaux." Nantes, 2010. http://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show.action?id=8c0865ed-dda5-4ac1-be66-9ee5be04f8f3.
Full textLow back pain affects 80% of the population at least once during life and constitutes a public health problem for our modern industrialized societies. Usually, they are the consequences of the intervertebral disc degeneration. Currently, the knowledges about mechanisms leading to this disc degeneration are well understood and allow to define new targets to treat the origin of the intervertebral disc degeneration. The first promising results in tissue engineering of articular cartilage associated with the existence of similarities between articular cartilage and intervertebral disc allow to considered the same approach to treat the intervertebral disc. The principle of this approach is based on the use of cells associated with a biomaterial and the substitute is injected into the degenerated disc. An update of current advances in this area is achieved and the various problems encountered during the development of such projects are discussed. These include the choice of cells and scaffolds injected, the choice of appropriate culture conditions, and the choice of evaluation methods and reliable animal models
Saint, Mezard Pierre. "Physiopathologie de l'inflammation cutanée : apports des modèles expérimentaux et rôle du stress psychologique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO1T189.
Full textMontandon, Gaspard. "Conséquences à long terme de la caféine administrée en période néonatale sur le développement du contrôle respiratoire du rat : étude des plasticités du contrôle respiratoire, de la fonction cardiovasculaire et de la régulation du sommeil." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25709/25709.pdf.
Full textMarsolais, David. "Modulation du processus inflammatoire et réparation tendineuse." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18732.
Full textTendinopathies show a high prevalence and can alter the quality of life for many years. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology of tendinopathies is not well characterized and it may explain the lack of effective treatments to accelerate tendon healing. This thesis was therefore dedicated to the study the role of potential regulators of the pathophysiological sequence following tendon trauma. In a first project we set up an experimental model of acute tendon injury where collagenase was injected into the Achilles tendon of rats. This procedure induces a classical sequence of accumulation of leukocytes where neutrophils accumulate massively 24 hours following the injection of collagenase, followed by macrophages on day 3. We also showed, in a second project, that injection of collagenase reduces the load to failure by more than 50% 3 days post trauma. Moreover, administration of diclofenac, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, did not rescue tendons from that loss of mechanical strength, presumably because the anti-inflammatory effect was located in the paratenon and not in the core of the tendon where the load-resisting collagen bundles are located. In a third project we studied the role of p53, a putative regulator of the inflammatory process and extracellular matrix homeostasis, on the pathophysiological sequence following an acute tendon trauma. Transactivation inhibition of p53 reduced the accumulation of neutrophils and macrophages in the entire tendon. This anti-inflammatory effect was not associated to a rescue of the mechanical properties and even delayed the onset of healing. In view of the evidence that anti-inflammatory strategies failed to rescue tendons from functional loss, we challenged the dogma that the inflammatory process could induce non-specific damages to the tendon extracellular matrix. Intra-tendinous injection of carrageenan induced a massive accumulation of inflammatory cells. However this was neither associated to a reduction of tendons’ collagen content nor to a reduction of the load to failure. In conclusion, we identified new mediators and mechanisms of the pathophysiology of tendons. Our results challenge the concept that inflammatory cells strictly play deleterious effects following tendon trauma.
Books on the topic "Épilepsie – Physiopathologie – Modèles animaux"
Advanced Course in Epileptology. (2nd 1992 Erice, Sicily). Epileptogenic and excitotoxic mechanisms: Proceedings of the Advanced Course in Epileptology, Erice, Sicily, January, 1992. J. Libbey, 1993.
Avanzini, G., R. Fariello, G. Avanzini, U. Heinemann, and R. Mutani. Epileptogenic and Excitotoxic Mechanisms. John Libbey Eurotext Limited, 1993.
Bach, Peter. Nephrotoxicity:In Vitro and in Vivo, Animals to Man. Springer, 1989.