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Journal articles on the topic 'Epilespy in children'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Sari, Novi Komala, Nina Herlina, and Aswan Jhonet. "HUBUNGAN RIWAYAT KEJANG DEMAM DENGAN KEJADIAN EPILEPSI PADA ANAK ≤ 5 TAHUN DI RSUD Dr. H. ABDUL MOELOEK PROVINSI LAMPUNG TAHUN 2018-2019." Jurnal Kebidanan Malahayati 7, no. 3 (July 31, 2021): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.33024/jkm.v7i3.4203.

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Background : Epilepsy is a neurological disorder which often found in the world and has the highest incidence in children. The most common risk factor of epilepsy is febrile seizure. Febrile seizure refer to a seizure following by high-fever (>38°C) that often found in the age between 6 month – 5 years old. Objective : This study aim to acknowledge the relation between the febrile sizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in the children of ≤ 5 years old in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province 2018-2019. Methods: This study used an analytic research design with cross sectional approach. The population being used are all pediatric patients in the age of ≤ 5 years which diagnosed with epilepsy in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Lampung Province. Further, the sample being used in this research are 42 people which obtained from total sampling technique. While the statistic test being used is Chi square test. Results :Tthis study is show that 31 children (73.8%) had a febrile seizure history, and 11 children (26.2%) had not a febrile seizure history. Further, this study found that 8 children (19.0%) had a partial awakening epilepsy, and 34 children (81.0%) had a general awakening epilepsy. The result of chi square examination which is (p value 0.032) showed that there is a relation between the febrile seizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in children at age of ≤ 5 yearch in RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung in the year of 2018-2019. Conclusion : There is a relation between febrile seizure history and the incidence of epilepsy found in child.Suggestion : It is recommended to be able to pay attention, add insight about febrile seizures and epilepsy, so that mothers don’t panic and know how to overcome them. Keywords : Febrile Seizure, Epilepsy, Child ABSTRAK Latar Belakang : Epilepsi merupakan kelainan neurologis yang sering ditemui di dunia dan insidensinya terbanyak pada masa anak-anak. Faktor risiko epilepsi yang tersering adalah kejang demam. Kejang demam mengacu pada kejang yang berhubungan dengan demam tingkat tinggi (> 38°C) yang sering terjadi pada usia 6 bulan – 5 tahun.Tujuan Penelitian : Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak ≤ 5 tahun di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung 2018-2019. Metode Penelitian : Penelitian ini menggunakan desain penelitian analitik dengan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi yang digunakan adalah semua pasien anak usia ≤ 5 tahun yang didiagnosis epilepsi di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung. Sampel dalam penelitian ini berjumlah 42 orang yang diambil dengan teknik total sampling. Uji statistik yang digunakan adalah uji Chi Square.Hasil Penelitian : Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan sebanyak 31 anak (73.8%) memiliki riwayat kejang demam, serta 11 anak (26.2%) tidak memiliki riwayat kejang demam. Dan didapatkan sebanyak 8 anak (19.0%) memiliki epilepsi bangkitan parsial, serta 34 anak (81.0%) memiliki epilepsi bangkitan umum. Hasil uji Chi Square yaitu (p value 0.032) terdapat hubungan anatara riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak ≤ 5 tahun di RSUD Dr. H. Abdul Moeloek Provinsi Lampung Tahun 2018-2019.Kesimpulan : Terdapat hubungan antara riwayat kejang demam dengan kejadian epilepsi pada anak.Saran : Disarankan untuk dapat memperhatikan, menambah wawasan tentang kejang demam dan epilepsi, sehingga ibu tidak panik dan mengetahui cara penanggulangannya. Kata Kunci : Kejang Demam, Epilepsi, Anak.
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Upadhyay, Aishvarya, S. K. Upadhyay, O. P. Mishra, and Rajniti Prasad. "Cognitive Dysfunctions in Children with Epilepsy." Pediatric Education and Research 4, no. 3 (2016): 151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/per.2321.1644.4316.3.

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Kirabira, Joseph, Ben Jimmy Forry, Robyn Fallen, and Bernard Sserwanga. "Perceived stigma and school attendance among children and adolescents with epilepsy in South Western Uganda." African Health Sciences 20, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v20i1.43.

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Background: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that has a high worldwide prevalence with eighty percent of the global burden being in low and middle-income countries. There is a high level of perceived stigma among children and adolescents with epi- lepsy, which has severe debilitating effects and affects school attendance. Objective: To assess the effect of perceived stigma on school attendance patterns among children and adolescents with epilepsy. Methods: We conducted a cross sectional study among 191 children and adolescents aged from 6-18 years with epilepsy at one large semi-urban hospital and a small rural health center in SouthWestern Uganda. Epilepsy-related perceived stigma was measured using the adapted Kilifi Stigma Scale of Epilepsy and school attendance patterns were assessed using a piloted inves- tigator-designed questionnaire. Results: Children with high-perceived stigma were more likely to have never attended school (13.8%) or started school late (average age 5.7 years) compared to those with low-perceived stigma (average age 4.9 years). Additionally, those with high epilep- sy-related perceived stigma repeated classes 2.5 times more compared to those with low-perceived stigma. Conclusion: These preliminary findings suggest correlation between high-perceived stigma and disrupted school attendance patterns among children and adolescents with epilepsy, hence the need to address this social challenge. Keywords: Epilepsy; perceived stigma; school attendance; children; adolescents; Uganda.
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Knezevic-Pogancev, Marija. "Cerebral palsy and epilepsy." Medical review 63, no. 7-8 (2010): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns1008527k.

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Introduction. Cerebral palsy is the most common cause of physical disability in early childhood. Epilepsy is known to have a high association with cerebral palsy. All types of epileptic seizures can be seen in patients with cerebral palsy. Complex partial and secondary generalized ones are the most frequent seizure types. In persons with cerebral palsy and mental retardation, the diagnosis of epilepsy presents unique difficulties. Generally they are not able to describe the epileptic events themselves, parents are not able to describe them without fear and persons trained in epilepsy witness the events only rarely. Some syndromes, such as infantile spasms, West and Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, are particularly frequent, whereas children with cerebral palsy are rarely free of epilesy. It has been observed that epileptic seizures in children with cerebral palsy tend to have an earlier onset; they often appear in children with cerebral palsy and mental retardation; they are more severe in patients with a more severe degree of cerebral palsy. The overall outcome of seizures in children with cerebral palsy is poor, requiring prolonged course of antiepileptic medications, polytherapy with higher incidence of refractory seizures and hospital admissions for status epilepticus. The presence of a neurological deficit, as well as cerebral palsy, does not necessarily mean a poor prognosis after the discontinuation of antiepileptic drugs, but the risk of a relaps in persons with cerebral palsy is high. Aim. The objective of the paper was to show the relationship between cerebral palsy and epilepsy and to determine the occurrence, associated factors, nature and prognosis of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy.
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Ejeliogu, E. U., and A. Courage. "Prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to antiepileptic drugs among children with epilepsy in Jos, Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics 47, no. 3 (August 6, 2020): 240–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/njp.v47i3.8.

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Background: Childhood epilepsy causes a tremendous burden for the child, the family, society as well as the healthcare system. Adherence toantiepileptic drugs (AEDs) is key to treatment success, one of the main causes of unsuccessful treatment for epilepsy is poor adherence to medications. Nonadherence in children with epilepsy presents a potential ongoing challenge for achieving a key therapeutic goal of seizure control.Aim: To determine the prevalence and factors associated with nonadherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy at Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria.Methodology: This cross sectional study was done to assess the prevalence and factors associated with non-adherence to AEDs among children with epilepsy from November 2019 to February 2020. A structured questionnaire was used to collect relevant information on the adherence of studysubjects to AEDs based on self/ caregiver report. Part of the questionnaire was derived from Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8).Results: One hundred and ninety four subjects were recruited for the study. The prevalence of nonadherence to AEDs was 44.8%. Factors significantly associated with non-adherence were low socioeconomic status, multiple drug therapy and long duration of treatment. The main reasons for nonadherence were financial constraint, forgetfulness, lack of improvement and medication side effects.Conclusion: Non-adherence to medication is common among children with epilepsy and it hampers the key therapeutic goal of seizure control. Improving per capita income of families, providing universal health insurance, medication reminders and appropriate education/counseling will reduce non-adherence and improve the long term outcome of childhood epilepsy in our region. Key words: Epilepsy, Children, Ant i -epilept ic drugs, Nonadherence, Prevalence, Associated factors, Jos, Nigeria.
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Ernawati, Iin, and Wardah Rahmatul Islamiyah. "Hubungan Kepatuhan Penggunaan Obat Anti Epilepsi terhadap Kejadian Kejang Pasien Epilepsi menggunakan kuesioner ARMS (Adherence Refill Medication Scale)." Journal of Pharmacy and Science 4, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.53342/pharmasci.v4i1.128.

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ABSTRAKEpilepsi termasuk penyakit kronis otak yang dikarakterisasi dengan kejang berulang (2 kali atau lebih), dimana terjadi gerakan involunter yang melibatkan sebagian tubuh (partial) atau seluruh tubuh (generale), dan seringkali disertai dengan hilangnya kesadaran dan kontrol fungsi saluran cerna atau saluran kemih. Pengobatan epeilepsi sering menggunakan OAE (Obat AntiEpilpsi). Diketahui 70% anak-anak dan dewasa dengan epilepsi berhasil diterapi dengan obat antiepilepsi. Salah satu ukuran manajemen terapi obat pada penyakit epilepsi adalah menurun atau hilangnya kejang, sehingga adanya kejadian kejang menjadi salah satu ukuran pencapaian end outcome. Kejadian kejang dipengaruhi oleh beberapa faktor diantaranya ada tidaknya faktor pemicu kejang dan kepatuhan konsumsi obat antiepilepsi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian observasional cross sectional yang dilakukan di poli neurologi Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD dr. Soetomo dan Instalasi rawat Jalan RS Universitas Airlangga. Selama penelitian diperoleh 52 pasien epilepsi yang menggunakan obat antiepilepsi. Padapenelitian ini diamati hubungan kepatuhan terhadap adanya kejang pasien epilepsi dalam penggunaan obat anti epilepsi. Pada penelitian ini diketahui nilai koefisien korelasi/ nilai rho (r) sebesar -0,348 dengan nilai p= 0,011 (p<0,05) atau signifikan secara statistik. Hasil tersebut menunjukkan adanya hubungan antara kategori kepatuhan (menggunakan kuesioner ARMS) dengan kejadian kejang, dimana semakin tinggi skor ARMS (dianggap semakin tidak patuh) berbanding lurus dengan peningkatan kejang.Kata kunci: Epilepsi, Kepatuhan, OAE, Kejang, ARMS ABSTRACTEpilepsy is a chronic brain disease characterized by recurrent seizures (2 times or more), in which involuntary movements involve part of the body (partial) or whole body (general). Treatment of epilepsy uses antiepileptic drugs. It is known that 70% of children and adults with epilepsy are successfully treated with antiepileptic drugs. One of measurements of drug therapy management in epilepsy is decreasing or losing seizures, so that the event of seizures is one measure of end outcomes. Seizure events are influenced by severalfactors including the presence or absence of seizure trigger factors and adherence with the consumption of antiepileptic drugs. This study was an observational cross sectional study conducted at the neurology department dr. Soetomo and Airlangga University hospital. This study aims to observe the relationship of adherence of antiepileptic drug consumption with seizures of epilepsy patients. This study observed 52outpatients with epilepsy taking antiepileptic drugs. This study showed that the correlation coefficient / rho value (r) is -0,348 with a value of p = 0.011 (p <0.05). These results indicate that an association between adherence categories (using the arms questionnaire) with the events of seizures, whereas the higher of the arms score (considered to be increasingly disobedient) is directly proportional to the increase in seizures.Keywords: Epilepsy, Adherence, AED, Seizure, ARMS
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Rafiqa Quaderi, Humaira. "Difficulties and Challenges in the Management of Childhood Epilepsy: An Experience in an Epilepsy Clinic of Dhaka Shishu (Children) Hospital." Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijtep.2348.9987.12120.3.

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Adelson, P. David. "The Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy in Children(New Therapies in Pediatric Neurosurgery)." Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 19, no. 4 (2010): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7887/jcns.19.311.

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9

Viscidi, Emma W., Ashley L. Johnson, Sarah J. Spence, Stephen L. Buka, Eric M. Morrow, and Elizabeth W. Triche. "The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder." Autism 18, no. 8 (October 28, 2013): 996–1006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361313508027.

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Epilepsy is common in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) but little is known about how seizures impact the autism phenotype. The association between epilepsy and autism symptoms and associated maladaptive behaviors was examined in 2,645 children with ASD, of whom 139 had epilepsy, from the Simons Simplex Collection. Children with ASD and epilepsy had significantly more autism symptoms and maladaptive behaviors than children without epilepsy. However, after adjusting for IQ, only hyperactivity symptoms remained significantly increased (13% higher) in the epilepsy group. Among children with ASD without co-occurring intellectual disability, children with epilepsy had significantly more irritability (20% higher) and hyperactivity (24% higher) symptoms. This is the largest study to date comparing the autism phenotype in children with ASD with and without epilepsy. Children with ASD and epilepsy showed greater impairment than children without epilepsy, which was mostly explained by the lower IQ of the epilepsy group. These findings have important clinical implications for patients with ASD.
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Kartal, Ayşe. "Malformations of cortical development and epilepsy: Clinical, EEG and neuroimaging findings in children." Dicle Medical Journal / Dicle Tip Dergisi 41, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 457–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5798/diclemedj.0921.2014.03.0454.

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Lopes, Ana Filipa, José Paulo Monteiro, Maria José Fonseca, Conceição Robalo, and Mário Rodrigues Simões. "Memory Functioning in Children with Epilepsy: Frontal Lobe Epilepsy, Childhood Absence Epilepsy, and Benign Epilepsy with Centrotemporal Spikes." Behavioural Neurology 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218637.

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Specific cognitive deficits have been identified in children with epilepsy irrespective of results on intelligence tests. Memory deficits are traditionally attributed to temporal lobe epilepsy, whereas the impact of frontal lobe epilepsy on memory functions has remained controversial. The aim of this study was the examination of memory abilities in other childhood common epilepsy syndromes (frontal lobe epilepsy (FLE), childhood absence epilepsy (CAE), and benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECTS)) and the influence of epilepsy-related variables. Memory was examined in 90 children with epilepsy (each epilepsy group consisted of 30 children), aged 6–15, and compared with 30 control children. Children with FLE showed significant deficits in verbal and visual memory. In addition, type of epilepsy, earlier age at epilepsy onset, and longer active duration of epilepsy were associated with memory problems. Seizure frequency and treatment, however, did not influence memory performance. This study indicates that children with FLE show greater risk of developing memory deficits than children with CAE or BECTS, thus highlighting the importance of assessing also memory functions in frontal lobe epilepsy.
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Nanoti, Girish, Shantanu Shembalkar, and Prafulla Shembalkar. "Use of Paediatric Epilepsy Side Effects Questionnaire (PESQ) for Early Detection of Adverse Effects of Anti-Epileptic Drugs in Children with Epilepsy." Indian Journal of Trauma and Emergency Pediatrics 8, no. 2 (2016): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijtep.2348.9987.8216.8.

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Rutka, James T. "7.The Neurosurgical Management of Epilepsy in Children : The Hospital for Sick Children Experience(PS-4 Epilepsy Surgery:Creating New, Learning from Old,The 26^ Annual Meeting of The Japanese Congress of Neurological Surgeons)." Japanese Journal of Neurosurgery 15, no. 4 (2006): 320. http://dx.doi.org/10.7887/jcns.15.320_3.

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Novriska, Dora, Retno Sutomo, and Amalia Setyati. "Behavioral problems in children with epilepsy." Paediatrica Indonesiana 54, no. 6 (December 30, 2014): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.14238/pi54.6.2014.324-9.

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Background Epilepsy is a neurological disorder that most oftenaffects children. Most cases of epilepsy are found in developingcountries. Children with epilepsy are at risk of behavioral disordersthat can affect their quality of life. Studies on behavioral problemsin children with epilepsy have been limited in Indonesia.Objective To compare behavioral disorders in children withepilepsy to those in normal children, and to assess for possiblefactors associated with the occurrence of behavioral disorders.Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 47children with epilepsy and 46 children without epilepsy, aged 3-16years. Behavioral problems were screened with the Strength andDifficulty Questionnaire (SDQ), Indonesian version. Informationabout EEG description, medication, onset, and duration of epilepsywere obtained from medical records.Results Behavioral problems were found in 19.1% of childrenwith epilepsy and only in 2.2 % of children without epilepsy (PR8.8; 95%CI 1.16 to 66.77; P= 0.015). Significant differences werealso found in the percentage of conduct problems and emotionaldisorders. Multivariate analysis with logistic regression revealedthat the factors associated with behavioral disorders in childrenwith epilepsy were uncontrolled epilepsy (PR 13.9; 95%CI 1.45 to132.4; P=0.023) and focal EEG appearance (PR 19; 95%CI 1.71to 214.43; P=0.017). We also found that uncontrolled epilepsywas a factor related to emotional (PR 6.7; 95%CI 1.66 to 26.76;P=0.007) and conduct problems (PR 6.1; 95%CI 1.35 to 27.29;P=0.019).Conclusion Uncontrolled epilepsy and focal EEG results arefactors associated with increased risk of behavioral problems inchildren with epilepsy. Children with epilepsy should undergobehavioral disorder screening, followed by diagnosis confirmationand treatment.
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Bruck, Isac, Sérgio Antônio Antoniuk, Adriane Spessatto, Ricardo Schmitt de Bem, Romeu Hausberger, and Carlos Gustavo Pacheco. "Epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 59, no. 1 (March 2001): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2001000100008.

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OBJECTIVE: To describe the prevalence and characteristics of epilepsy in patients with cerebral palsy in a tertiary center. METHODS: a total of 100 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy were retrospectively studied. Criteria for inclusion were follow-up period for at least 2 years. Types and incidence of epilepsy were correlated with the different forms of cerebral palsy. Other factors associated with epilepsy such as age of first seizure, neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were also analysed. RESULTS: follow-up ranged between 24 and 151 months (mean 57 months). The overall prevalence of epilepsy was 62%. Incidence of epilepsy was predominant in patients with hemiplegic and tetraplegic palsies: 70.6% and 66.1%, respectively. First seizure occurred during the first year of life in 74.2% of patients with epilepsy. Generalized and partial were the predominant types of epilepsy (61.3% and 27.4%, respectively). Thirty-three (53.2%) of 62 patients were seizure free for at least 1 year. Neonatal seizures and family history of epilepsy were associated with a higher incidence of epilepsy. CONCLUSIONS: epilepsy in cerebral palsy can be predicted if seizures occur in the first year of life, in neonatal period and if there is family history of epilepsy.
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Walsh, Kelda, and David Dunn. "Anxiety in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 07, no. 03 (September 2018): 097–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676537.

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AbstractAnxiety is a common comorbidity in children with epilepsy, though often overlooked and undertreated. Fear and worry are common reactions of children with epilepsy and their parents. Risk factors are multiple and include demographical, epilepsy-related, genetic, and family variables. Anxiety negatively affects health-related quality of life (QOL) and may contribute to poor seizure control. Appropriate treatment of anxiety in children with epilepsy should follow practice guidelines developed for treatment of anxiety in children without epilepsy and consist of education, counseling, and potentially psychopharmacology.
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Pachange, Priyanka Narayanrao, J. V. Dixit, Arjun M. C., and Akhil Dhanesh Goel. "Quality of Life among Middle and Secondary School Children with Epilepsy." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 12, no. 03 (March 24, 2021): 490–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725242.

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Abstract Objectives Epilepsy is a leading cause of disability in school-going children. The objectives of this study were to estimate the prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children and to assess their quality of life (QOL). Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional study done in schools under the municipal corporation area of Latur Taluka, Maharashtra. At school, children were screened for epilepsy and the positive children were visited at home. Children with confirmed epilepsy were used to calculate prevalence. The QOL of children diagnosed to have epilepsy was assessed using Quality of Life in Childhood Epilepsy Questionnaire (QOLCE-55) version 1.0. Statistical Analysis Mean scores in scales and subscales of QOLCE-55 were calculated. Association between variables was analyzed using unpaired/independent t-test and analysis of variance. Statistically significance was fixed for a p-value less than 0.05. Results Prevalence of epilepsy in middle and secondary school children was found to be 3.20 per 1000. In QOLCE-55, physical functioning was the most compromised, with the lowest mean QOL score (mean = 58.3, standard deviation = 20.66). Present age of the child, age at the first seizure episode, and time interval since last seizure had a statistically significant relation with QOL. The treatment gap was found to be 70.4%. Conclusions Assessment of QOL in children with epilepsy is important for effective and comprehensive management of epilepsy.
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Hagn, Claudia, Romana Walch, Matthias Baumann, Edda Haberlandt, Martin Frühwirth, Kevin Rostasy, and Markus Rauchenzauner. "Quality of Life and Fitness in Children and Adolescents with Epilepsy (EpiFit)." Neuropediatrics 48, no. 03 (March 16, 2017): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1599236.

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Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the correlation between fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in children with idiopathic epilepsy compared with a healthy matched control group. Methods In this study, 107 children conducted a 6-minute walk test, anthropometric parameters were measured, and HRQoL was assessed using a standardized questionnaire (KINDL-R). Children were divided into two groups: (1) the patient group (n = 48) and (2) the healthy control group (n = 59). Results HRQoL of children with focal epilepsy was greater when compared with healthy children and children with generalized epilepsy. A significant association could be demonstrated for the 6-minute walk distance and mental wellbeing in children with epilepsy but not in healthy children. Furthermore, a negative correlation between the HRQoL and the amount of time spent in front of TV and computer in children with epilepsy and healthy children was seen. In children with focal epilepsy, a significant negative correlation could be shown between school sport and mental wellbeing as well as between school sport and self-esteem. Conclusion HRQoL in children with idiopathic epilepsy is significantly associated with physical fitness and might be positively influenced by an adequate education of patients and parents, a reduction of consumption of computer and TV in combination with age- and disease-adapted physical activity and sports.
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van Iterson, Loretta. "Story Learning Test: Decelerated Learning and Accelerated Forgetting in Children with Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Neuropsychology 5, no. 4 (November 13, 2019): 133–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40817-019-00072-4.

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Abstract Introduction Increasing interest is seen for early and late memory consolidation and accelerated forgetting, but little is known about these phenomena in children with epilepsy. The present study analysed the trajectory of learning and retention in typically developing children and children with epilepsy on a story learning test. Methods 285 children, 126 typically developing children and 159 children with epilepsy, in ages between 4 and 10 years and Full-Scale IQs ≥ 75, were given a specifically designed story learning test (iter-sein). The learning phase included Initial reading and a Free Recall trial with 10 Questions, and up to three repetition trials with Questions. Trials of Delayed Free Recall and Questions followed after half an hour, the next day and 1 week later. With several repeated measures analyses of variance, level of performance and gains or losses over time were analysed. Results Age-dependent learning was seen after repetitions. On the Questions, typically developing children outperformed children with epilepsy increasingly, due to smaller gains after the second trial. Learned information was similarly preserved. Free Recall showed similar performance for both groups up to day 2. A week later, a conspicuous loss of information was observed in the children with epilepsy, whilst typically developing children retained the information. On index scores, reliable cognitive loss of information was seen in epilepsy in 24.5% of the children. Semantic neuropsychological tasks and severity measures of epilepsy were associated with level of performance. Discussion The results provided evidence for early decelerated learning and late accelerated forgetting in children with epilepsy.
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Haider, Shahzad, Tahir Mahmood, Sajjad Hussain, Sajid Nazir, Sidra Shafiq, and Alina Hassan. "Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy in Wah Cantt, Pakistan: A Cross-sectional Study." Journal of Rawalpindi Medical College 24, no. 2 (June 26, 2020): 128–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.37939/jrmc.v24i2.1232.

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Objective: To assess the Quality Of Life (QOL) in children with epilepsy using modified QOLCE-55 questionnaire. Material and Methods: We consecutively enrolled children aged 4 to 16 years who were under treatment for childhood epilepsy. Basic demographic and clinical details including type of epilepsy, developmental history, family history of epilepsy and any co-morbidity were recorded in a predesigned Performa. QOL was evaluated by using modified QOLCE-55 (39 items) from parents. Results: A total of 54 children were enrolled in the study, 42 (78%) were males and 12(22%) were female children with epilepsy. Eight children got good QOLCE score, while 24 children had average and 22 children got a poor score. The good score was mostly seen in 4-8 years (40%) of age while the poor score was seen in 12-16 years (70%) age group. Age of the patients (p=<0.001), gender (p=<0.001), associated co-morbidities (p=0.003) and family history of epilepsy (p=0.011) showed a significant effect on the QOLCE score. Type of epilepsy (p= 0.825) and development of a child (p=0.109) did not affect the QOLCE score significantly. Conclusion: The study showed that Children with co-morbidities, family history of epilepsy and female children of older age group (12-16 years) had poor QOL. Types of seizures and development of the child did not significantly alter the QOLCE score.
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Pardos, Maria, Milena Korostenskaja, Jing Xiang, Hisako Fujiwara, Ki H. Lee, Paul S. Horn, Anna Byars, et al. "Physical Feature Encoding and Word Recognition Abilities Are Altered in Children with Intractable Epilepsy: Preliminary Neuromagnetic Evidence." Behavioural Neurology 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/237436.

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Objective evaluation of language function is critical for children with intractable epilepsy under consideration for epilepsy surgery. The purpose of this preliminary study was to evaluate word recognition in children with intractable epilepsy by using magnetoencephalography (MEG). Ten children with intractable epilepsy (M/F 6/4, mean ± SD 13.4 ± 2.2 years) were matched on age and sex to healthy controls. Common nouns were presented simultaneously from visual and auditory sensory inputs in “match” and “mismatch” conditions. Neuromagnetic responses M1, M2, M3, M4, and M5 with latencies of ~100 ms, ~150 ms, ~250 ms, ~350 ms, and ~450 ms, respectively, elicited during the “match” condition were identified. Compared to healthy children, epilepsy patients had both significantly delayed latency of the M1 and reduced amplitudes of M3 and M5 responses. These results provide neurophysiologic evidence of altered word recognition in children with intractable epilepsy.
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Almane, Dace N., Qianqian Zhao, Paul J. Rathouz, Melissa Hanson, Daren C. Jackson, David A. Hsu, Carl E. Stafstrom, et al. "Contribution of Family Relatedness to Neurobehavioral Comorbidities in Idiopathic Childhood Epilepsies." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 24, no. 7 (May 10, 2018): 653–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617718000243.

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AbstractObjectives:Rates of cognitive, academic and behavioral comorbidities are elevated in children with epilepsy. The contribution of environmental and genetic influences to comorbidity risk is not fully understood. This study investigated children with epilepsy, their unaffected siblings, and controls to determine the presence and extent of risk associated with family relatedness across a range of epilepsy comorbidities.Methods:Participants were 346 children (8–18 years),n=180 with recent-onset epilepsy, their unaffected siblings (n=67), and healthy first-degree cousin controls (n=99). Assessments included: (1) Child Behavior Checklist/6-18 (CBCL), (2) Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function (BRIEF), (3) history of education and academic services, and (4) lifetime attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) diagnosis. Analyses consisted of linear mixed effect models for continuous variables, and logistic mixed models for binary variables.Results:Differences were detected between the three groups of children across all measures (p<.001). For ADHD, academic problems, and executive dysfunction, children with epilepsy exhibited significantly more problems than unaffected siblings and controls; siblings and controls did not differ statistically significantly from each other. For social competence, children with epilepsy and their unaffected siblings displayed more abnormality compared with controls, with no statistically significant difference between children with epilepsy and unaffected siblings. For behavioral problems, children with epilepsy had more abnormality than siblings and controls, but unaffected siblings also exhibited more abnormalities than controls.Conclusions:The contribution of epilepsy and family relatedness varies across specific neurobehavioral comorbidities. Family relatedness was not significantly associated with rates of ADHD, academic problems and executive dysfunction, but was associated with competence and behavioral problems. (JINS, 2018,24, 1–9)
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Wanigasinghe, Jithangi, Carukshi Arambepola, Roshini Murugupillai, and Thashi Chang. "Age, sex and ethnic differentials in the prevalence and control of epilepsy among Sri Lankan children: a population-based study." BMJ Paediatrics Open 3, no. 1 (June 2019): e000430. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjpo-2018-000430.

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ObjectiveTo estimate the prevalence of childhood epilepsy in Sri Lanka by different age groups (0–5, 6–10 and 11–16 years), sex and ethnicity, and to describe the types and outcomes of epilepsy.Design and patientsA population-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in the district considered to be ethnically most balanced in Sri Lanka. A door-to-door survey was performed in the 0–5 year age group (60 geographically defined areas as clusters; 19 children per cluster), and a school-based survey in the 6–16 year age group (150 classes as clusters; 25 children per cluster). The screened children with epilepsy were reviewed individually for confirmation of the diagnosis of epilepsy, typing of the underlying epilepsy syndrome and assessment of control. The same group of children were re-evaluated 1 year later to reconfirm the syndromic diagnosis and to assess the stability of control of epilepsy.ResultsThe overall prevalence of childhood epilepsy was 5.7 per 10 000 children aged 0–16 years (95% CI: 38 to 87). It was higher with younger ages (73.4 per 10 000 children aged 0–5 years; 55.1 per 10 000 children aged 6–10 years and 50.4 per 10 000 children aged 11–16 years). A male dominance was noted in both age groups. In each age group, the prevalence was highest in children of Sinhalese ethnicity. Symptomatic focal epilepsy was the single most common group of epilepsy in both age groups. Majority of children remained well controlled on medications.ConclusionThe findings indicate a relatively high burden of epilepsy among children in Sri Lanka, however, these were comparable to the burden of disease reported from other countries in the region.
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Kamel, Magdy Mostafa, Samir Mohammed Mounir, Nagwa Ismail Okaily, Mohammed Hosny Abdelzaher, and Mohammed Hosny Hassan. "Possible Role of Heat Shock Protein 70 in Childhood Seizures." International Journal of Epilepsy 05, no. 02 (October 2018): 087–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676907.

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Abstract Background There has been a long interest in investigating the relationship between heat shock protein (HSP) expression and the evidence of neuronal damage in the most susceptible brain areas after seizures. So, the present study aimed to assess heat shock protein (HSP70) in children with seizures (febrile seizures and epilepsy), and to find out the cutoff point of this marker that may help in confirming epilepsy diagnosis. The present study has been conducted to evaluate serum levels of HSP70 in children with epileptic and febrile seizures and to compare these results to that of healthy children. Materials and Methods A prospective study included 85 children (32 females and 53 males) in Children and Maternity Unit, Minia University Hospital, Minia, Egypt. Children were subdivided into three groups, group (I) included 30 children with epilepsy, group (II) included 30 children with febrile seizures, and group (III) included 25 healthy children that served as a control group. HSP70 assay was performed for all included children using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results The overall results revealed significant high serum HSP70 levels in epilepsy and febrile seizures groups when compared with control group (p < 0.001). Also, HSP70 serum levels were significantly higher in epilepsy group than in febrile seizures group (p < 0.001). Serum HSP70 level at a cutoff point > 170 ng/L showed 60% sensitivity and specificity equal to 83.3% in prediction of epilepsy. Conclusion HSP70 level was significantly higher in epileptic and febrile seizures children than normal healthy children, and HSP70 may be beneficial in confirming the diagnosis of epilepsy.
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Blackmon, Karen, Randall Waechter, Barbara Landon, Trevor Noël, Calum Macpherson, Tyhiesia Donald, Nikita Cudjoe, et al. "Epilepsy surveillance in normocephalic children with and without prenatal Zika virus exposure." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 14, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): e0008874. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0008874.

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Children with Congenital Zika Syndrome and microcephaly are at high risk for epilepsy; however, the risk is unclear in normocephalic children with prenatal Zika virus (ZIKV) exposure [Exposed Children (EC)]. In this prospective cohort study, we performed epilepsy screening in normocephalic EC alongside a parallel group of normocephalic unexposed children [Unexposed Children (UC)]. We compared the incidence rate of epilepsy among EC and UC at one year of life to global incidence rates. Pregnant women were recruited from public health centers during the ZIKV outbreak in Grenada, West Indies and assessed for prior ZIKV infection using a plasmonic-gold platform that measures IgG antibodies in serum. Normocephalic children born to mothers with positive ZIKV results during pregnancy were classified as EC and those born to mothers with negative ZIKV results during and after pregnancy were classified as UC. Epilepsy screening procedures included a pediatric epilepsy screening questionnaire and video electroencephalography (vEEG). vEEG was collected using a multi-channel microEEG® system for a minimum of 20 minutes along with video recording of participant behavior time-locked to the EEG. vEEGs were interpreted independently by two pediatric epileptologists, who were blinded to ZIKV status, via telemedicine platform. Positive screening cases were referred to a local pediatrician for an epilepsy diagnostic evaluation. Epilepsy screens were positive in 2/71 EC (IR: 0.028; 95% CI: 0.003–0.098) and 0/71 UC. In both epilepsy-positive cases, questionnaire responses and interictal vEEGs were consistent with focal, rather than generalized, seizures. Both children met criteria for a clinical diagnosis of epilepsy and good seizure control was achieved with carbamazepine. Our results indicate that epilepsy rates are modestly elevated in EC. Given our small sample size, results should be considered preliminary. They support the use of epilepsy screening procedures in larger epidemiological studies of children with congenital ZIKV exposure, even in the absence of microcephaly, and provide guidance for conducting epilepsy surveillance in resource limited settings.
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Pavone, Piero, Carmela Gulizia, Alice Le Pira, Filippo Greco, Pasquale Parisi, Giuseppe Di Cara, Raffaele Falsaperla, et al. "Cerebral Palsy and Epilepsy in Children: Clinical Perspectives on a Common Comorbidity." Children 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8010016.

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Cerebral palsy (CP) is a frequent cause of childhood disability often associated with a complex group of disorders, including epilepsy, which is reported to impact approximately 40% of affected individuals. This retrospective study involved a group of children affected by CP, some of whom also had comorbid epilepsy. The aim of this study was to report our experience of analyzing, in particular, (a) some of the clinical aspects of the different type of CP, and (b) the relationship between the clinical data of children affected by CP plus epilepsy and each type of CP. Methods: This retrospective single-center study was performed with 93 children admitted to the Pediatric Department of the University of Catania, Italy, affected by CP and distinguished according to the type of motor clinical presentation, with 46 showing epileptic seizures, compared to a control group of 136 children affected by epilepsy without other neurologic disorders. Results: Among the 93 CP children, 25 (27%) had spastic quadriplegia (plus one patient with dystonic quadriplegia), 39 (42%) had spastic hemiplegia, 11 (12%) had spastic diplegia (plus two with ataxia and one with dyskinetic CP), and 14 (15%) did not have a well-defined type of CP. The frequency of epilepsy was higher in affected CP children who showed major motor dysfunction (GMFCS IV–V types). As regards the 46 children with CP plus epilepsy, compared to the group of the control, the age of epilepsy onset was found to be statistically significant: 21 ± 35.1 months vs. 67 ± 39.7. Conclusions: Epilepsy represents one of the most frequent comorbidities of cerebral palsy. In children with CP, particular attention should be paid to the early identification and treatment of comorbid epilepsy.
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Donner, Elizabeth J., Charles R. Smith, and O. Carter Snead. "Sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy." Neurology 57, no. 3 (August 14, 2001): 430–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.57.3.430.

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Background: Sudden unexplained death is a significant cause of mortality in people with epilepsy. Risk factors that have been identified include male sex, poor compliance with medications, and antiepileptic drug (AED) polypharmacy. However, these may not apply to the pediatric population in which the causes of epilepsy differ from the adult population. Therefore, risk factors for sudden unexplained death in epilepsy (SUDEP) in children must be evaluated independently from those in the adult population.Methods: Cases of SUDEP in children less than 18 years of age occurring over a 10-year period in the province of Ontario, Canada, were identified. Records were reviewed for demographic and clinical features and neuropathology findings.Results: Twenty-seven cases of SUDEP in children were identified. Sixty-three percent were male. Age at death ranged from 8 months to 15 years. Fourteen children had symptomatic epilepsy (52%), five had cryptogenic epilepsy (18%), and eight had idiopathic epilepsy (30%). Twelve children were treated with one AED (46%), 10 were on two AED (38%), and three were on three AED (12%). At the time of death, seven children had one serum AED concentration below the therapeutic range (35%) and 12 children had AED levels within the therapeutic range (60%).Conclusions: This case series represents the largest series of sudden unexplained death in children with epilepsy. At least two previously described risk factors for SUDEP in adults, low serum AED levels at time of death and AED polytherapy, do not appear to be significant in children.
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Fox, Christine K., Lori C. Jordan, Lauren A. Beslow, Jennifer Armstrong, Mark T. Mackay, and Gabrielle deVeber. "Children with post-stroke epilepsy have poorer outcomes one year after stroke." International Journal of Stroke 13, no. 8 (June 29, 2018): 820–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747493018784434.

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Background Epilepsy is a common complication of pediatric stroke. Aim In this study, we aim to measure the association between epilepsy and neurologic outcome after childhood arterial ischemic stroke. Methods Prospective cohort study of children (29 days–19 years) enrolled after an acute arterial ischemic stroke at 21 international pediatric stroke centers and followed to identify epilepsy. One year post-stroke, outcomes were scored using the examination-based Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure (range = 0–10); higher values reflect greater disability. Ordinal logistic regression was used to measure the association of Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure scores (categorized as 0–1, 1.5–3, 3.5–6, 6.5–10) with epilepsy. Results Investigators enrolled 86 children (median age = 6.1 years, interquartile range (IQR) = 1.4–12.2 years) with acute stroke. At 1 year, 18/80 (23%) remained on an anticonvulsant including 8/80 (10%) with epilepsy. Among the 70 with Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure scored, the median was 0.5 (IQR = 0–1.5) for children without epilepsy ( n = 63), and 6 (IQR = 0.5–10) for children with epilepsy ( n = 7). In univariable analyses, poorer 1-year outcome was associated with middle cerebral artery stroke, cortical infarcts, hemorrhagic transformation, hospital disposition not to home, and epilepsy. In multivariable analysis, middle cerebral artery stroke (odds ratio (OR) = 4.9, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 1.1–21.3) and epilepsy (OR = 24.1, CI = 1.5–380) remained associated with poorer outcome. Conclusions Children who developed epilepsy during the first year post-stroke had poorer neurologic outcomes than those without epilepsy.
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McSHANE, M. A. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 76, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.76.5.i480.

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30

Jellinger, K. A. "Epilepsy in Children." European Journal of Neurology 12, no. 4 (April 2005): 328–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-1331.2004.01064.x.

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31

Andriola, Mary. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 4, no. 1 (January 1987): 94–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-198701000-00014.

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Wyllie, Elaine. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology 13, no. 3 (May 1996): 262–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004691-199605000-00013.

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Buchhalter, Jeffrey. "Epilepsy in Children." Pediatric Neurology 33, no. 4 (October 2005): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2005.08.004.

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Guerrini, Renzo. "Epilepsy in children." Lancet 367, no. 9509 (February 2006): 499–524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(06)68182-8.

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35

Verity, C. "Epilepsy in Children." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 57, no. 10 (October 1, 1994): 1301–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.57.10.1301-b.

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Low, N. L. "Epilepsy in Children." Neurology 37, no. 7 (July 1, 1987): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1212/wnl.37.7.1269-a.

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Ferry, Peggy C. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 141, no. 11 (November 1, 1987): 1157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1987.04460110027014.

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Baxter, P. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 71, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.71.4.389.

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Dulac, Olivier. "Epilepsy in children." Current Opinion in Neurology 7, no. 2 (April 1994): 102–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00019052-199404000-00005.

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Stephenson, J. B. P. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Disease in Childhood 62, no. 2 (February 1, 1987): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.62.2.216.

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41

Hughes, John R. "Epilepsy in children." Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 67, no. 1 (July 1987): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(87)90172-6.

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42

Gieron-Korthals, Maria A. "Epilepsy in Children." Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine 151, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archpedi.1997.02170380114030.

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43

Lakhan, Ram. "What is next after transfer of care from hospital to home for stroke patients? Evaluation of a community stroke care service based in a primary care clinic." Journal of Neurosciences in Rural Practice 04, no. 04 (October 2013): 408–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0976-3147.120241.

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ABSTRACT Background: Epilepsy is a disorder that is commonly found in people with intellectual disability (ID). The prevalence of epilepsy increases with the severity of ID. The objective of this study was to determine if there is an association between intelligence quotient (IQ) and epilepsy in children with ID. Materials and Methods: A total of 262 children, aged 3-18 years, with ID were identified as part of a community‑based rehabilitation project. These children were examined for epilepsy and diagnosed by a psychiatrist and physicians based on results of electroencephalogram tests. A Spearman’s correlation (ρ) was used to determine if there was an association between IQ scores and the occurrence of epilepsy. X2 statistics used to examine the relationship of epilepsy with gender, socioeconomic status, population type, severity of ID, family history of mental illness, mental retardation, epilepsy, and coexisting disorder. Results: Spearman’s rho –0.605 demonstrates inverse association of IQ with epilepsy. X2 demonstrates statistically significant association (P < 0.05) with gender, severity of ID, cerebral palsy, behavior problems, and family history of mental illness, mental retardation, and epilepsy. Conclusions: Lower IQ score in children with ID has association with occurrence of epilepsy. Epilepsy is also found highly associated with male gender and lower age.
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Jovanovic, Svetlana, and Ivanka Gajic. "Health habits, attitudes and behavior towards oral health of children with epilepsy." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 135, no. 3-4 (2007): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh0704167j.

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Introduction: Children suffering from epilepsy are high at risk of oral diseases primarily due to their underlying medical condition which can have an impact on the maintenance level of oral hygiene, but also due to adverse effects of antiepileptic drugs. Objective. The aim of this paper was to identify habits, attitudes and behavior of children with epilepsy and parents in respect to oral health. Method. The experimental group consisted of 50 children with epilepsy, 24 boys and 26 girls, 7-14 years old, mean age 11.2?2.2 years. The control group consisted of healthy children, matched by age and gender. The instruments of investigation consisted of the structured interview of children and parents concerning oral health habits, attitudes and behavior. We used medical records of children with epilepsy as a source of information on their diagnosis, duration of the illness and current therapy. Statistical analysis was performed by chi-squared test, nonparametric correlation, Wilcoxon?s signed rank test and logistic regression. Results. Results showed that more children with epilepsy and their parents had inappropriate habits and attitudes towards oral health, as well as nutrition habits (p<0.001). Compared to healthy controls, children with epilepsy washed their teeth less often and shorter, they had less knowledge about causes of oral diseases and about influence of oral diseases on general health, and they had worse self-rating of teeth and gum condition. In addition, significantly more children with epilepsy used an incorrect technique of teeth brushing (p<0.001). Characteristics of children?s epilepsy and educational degree of parents had no influence on these differences. Conclusion. Study results showed that children with epilepsy and their parents had worse habits, attitudes and behavior towards oral health than healthy controls and their parents. This difference can be explained primarily by worse parental estimation of oral health and behavior towards oral health in comparison to parents of healthy controls. .
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Thierry, Adoukonou, Agbeille Falilatou, Bokossa Covalic, Dovoedo Elodie, Agbétou Mendinatou, Adedemy Didier, Noudamadjo Alphonse, and Agossou Joseph. "Epilepsy and Malaria in Children Aged 1 to 15 Years in Parakou in 2018: Case-Control Study." Child Neurology Open 7 (January 1, 2020): 2329048X2095411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2329048x20954111.

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Objective: To study the link between malaria and epilepsy in children in Parakou district. Methods: This case-control study included children 1-15 years of age with epilepsy. Each case of epilepsy was matched to 2 controls for age, sex and neighborhood of residence. The exposure variables were a history of malaria (number and type), family history of epilepsy and other past medical history. The odds ratios (OR) and their confidence interval were used to estimate association. Results: A total of 123 children including 41 children with epilepsy and 82 controls were included. The overall average number of malaria episodes per year in both groups combined was 1.8 ± 0.9 episodes. In the multivariate analysis, cerebral malaria (OR: 50.35 [5.28-480.30]), family history of epilepsy (OR: 12.17 [2.15-69.01]) and number of malaria episodes (OR: 13.27 [4.53-98.48]) were associated. Conclusion: This study supports the association between cerebral malaria and the onset of epilepsy.
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Tokatly Latzer, Itay, Amit Blumovich, Liora Sagi, Shimrit Uliel-Sibony, and Aviva Fattal-Valevski. "Prediction of Drug-Resistant Epilepsy in Children With Cerebral Palsy." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 3 (November 4, 2019): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819883157.

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Epilepsy is estimated to exist in approximately 40% of individuals with cerebral palsy; however, the specific features that make it drug resistant are not well defined. The main aim of this study was to determine the clinical risk factors that could predict drug-resistant epilepsy, in children with cerebral palsy. The study was performed via a retrospective chart review, analyzing clinical parameters of 118 children with cerebral palsy with either drug-resistant epilepsy or controlled epilepsy, between the years 2013 and 2018. We established a predictive model for drug-resistant epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy that is simple to apply in clinical settings and composed of the additive effect of a low Apgar score at 5 minutes, neonatal seizures, focal-onset epilepsy, and focal slowing on electroencephalogram (EEG; area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.840). Early prediction of drug-resistant epilepsy may benefit to achieve better seizure control in children with cerebral palsy.
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Prajapati, Mukesh Kumar, Deepak Dwivedi, and Naresh Bajaj. "Quality of Life in Children with Epilepsy." Journal of Pediatric Epilepsy 09, no. 02 (April 18, 2020): 036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1710054.

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Abstract Objective The main aim of this study was to assess quality of life in children with epilepsy. Materials and Methods A prospective observational study was conducted in Regional Early Intervention Centre of the Department of Pediatrics Tertiary Care Hospital in central India. This study included 120 children with epilepsy aged between 2 and 18 years. In this study, we assessed the quality of life in children with epilepsy with the help of Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). We further analyzed the quality of life in various dimensions. For the statistical analyses for SPSS version, 20 was used, chi-squared and Fisher's exact test was used for categorical variables, and Student's t-test was used for quantitative variables. Linear regression analysis was done for multivariate analysis. Result Mean total PedsQL score for total cohort was 70.96. The cognitive dimension of epileptic children was more affected than physical, social, and emotional dimensions. Factors associated with lower PedsQL scores in epilepsy patients were associated with long duration of epilepsy, polytherapy, male gender, low head circumference, presence of intellectual disability, and refractory epilepsy. Conclusion Epilepsy affects the quality of life in children across all age groups. Among epilepsy indicators, polytherapy, refractory epilepsy, and duration of epilepsy were the most important factors associated with poor quality of life. We can conclude that every effort should be made to decrease the duration of treatment and minimize the number of drugs for improving the quality of life in this patient cohort.
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Petrukhin, L. S., K. Y. Mukhin, and М. I. Medvedev. "Basic principles of treatment of epilepsy in children." Neurology Bulletin XXIX, no. 1-2 (March 15, 1997): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb79932.

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Currently, epilepsy is one of the most pressing problems in pediatric neurology. The incidence of epilepsy in the pediatric population ranges from 0.5 to 0.75%. The problem of epilepsy is a problem of accurate syndromological diagnosis and treatment. The modern classification of epilepsy, epileptic syndromes and similar disorders distinguishes about 40 different forms of epilepsy, differing in clinical symptoms, principles of therapy, prognosis.
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Mond, Casparia, Trevor Duke, and John Vince. "Epilepsy in Papua New Guinea: a longitudinal cohort study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 10 (July 19, 2019): 941–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2019-317217.

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Epilepsy affects up to 1-4% of children living in low income and middle countries, however there are few studies of the problems faced by children with epilepsy in such settings. We aimed to document the situation for children with epilepsy in Port Moresby, an urban area in Papua New Guinea, a low-middle income country in the Western Pacific region. We conducted longitudinal cohort study using mixed methods, with serial data collected over 2 years which assessed seizure control, neurodevelopment, and structured interviews with children and parents. For quantitative data descriptive statistics are reported; for qualitative data common responses, themes, experiences and perceptions were grouped and reported in narrative. Forty-seven children with epilepsy were followed for a median of 18 months. Twenty six (55%) children had some associated neurodevelopmental disability. Children gave detailed and vivid descriptions of their experience of seizures. Most children and parents had a positive view of the future but faced many challenges including financial difficulties, fear of having seizures especially at school, restriction of activity that isolated them from peers, and significant stigma and discrimination. Seizure control improved over time for some children, but inconsistent supply of phenobarbitone hindered better control. Comprehensive care for children with epilepsy requires a good knowledge of the individual patient —including their seizure type and comorbidities, their family, and their strengths and vulnerabilities. Children with epilepsy face many problems that can lead to isolation, discrimination and restricted opportunities.
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Go, Cristina, and O. Carter Snead. "Pharmacologically intractable epilepsy in children: diagnosis and preoperative evaluation." Neurosurgical Focus 25, no. 3 (September 2008): E2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc/2008/25/9/e2.

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It is important to correctly diagnose medically intractable epilepsy in children and to identify those children whose medically refractory, localization-related seizures may be surgically remediable as soon as possible to optimize the surgical outcome. In this paper the authors review the definition of medically intractable seizures and discuss the various causes and risk factors for this disorder in children. They also outline the presurgical diagnostic evaluation process for pharmacologically intractable epilepsy in children who may be candidates for surgical treatment of localization-related seizures. The treatment of children with medically intractable epilepsy is both challenging and rewarding. Surgery has the potential of altering the natural history of epilepsy by improving or eliminating seizures in carefully selected patients.
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