Academic literature on the topic 'Epiphysis closure. eng'

We analyzed the thoracic limbs of 24 striped dolphins, Stenella coeruleoalba, by means of X-ray techniques. The body length of the dolphins, the number of postnatal dentine growth layers in the teeth, the degree of ossification of the hyoid bones, and development of the gonads (when available) were correlated with X-rays and used to estimate growth stages and skeletal maturity. Newborn animals showed advanced ossification centers in the humerus and at the proximal end of the radius and ulna. The proximal end of the humerus and the distal end of the radius and ulna ossify later, followed by closure of the epiphyseal plates at the proximal and distal ends of the metacarpal bones and phalanges. We identified physical maturity by epiphyseal fusion in the thoracic limb, and considered full maturity to have been attained with deposition of bone at the level of the epiphysis-metaphysis line. The results are discussed in relation to a possible new system of age determination in S. coeruleoalba.

11β-hydroxylase deficiency (11β-OHD) is the second most common form of congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH). Males with 11β-OHD CAH are often diagnosed late with a significantly advanced bone age leading to a poor height prognosis due to early closure of epiphysis. Delaying epiphyseal fusion by treatment of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) might be a useful strategy in patients with very advanced bone ages. However, there are limited data regarding the effect on final height and long-term safety of this approach. We report our experience with 11 years of letrozole treatment and 17 years of follow-up in a boy with 11β-OHD. He presented at 2 years and 11 months of age with a bone age of 13 years (predicted adult height, PAH, 129.5 cm). Letrozole was added after 1 year of glucocorticoid treatment due to no improvement in height prognosis (130 cm), and continued until the age of 14 years and 11 months. He also received GnRH analog treatment at 10 years and 3 months of age for 2.5 years due to central activation of puberty. He reached a final height of 165.2 cm (35.2 cm above his PAH). This long-term treatment with letrozole was associated with changes in vertebral morphology such as vertebral body end-plate changes, Schmorl nodes, and mild protrusions in the intervertebral discs. Testicular volumes, gonadotropins, testosterone, and anti-Müllerian hormone were normal at age 20 years. A spermiogram showed a normal count but impaired sperm motility and morphology. This unique case represents the longest duration of AI treatment reported in CAH and the first case in which letrozole was started before puberty with the final height reported. We conclude that AIs may restore height in selected patients with CAH with very advanced bone age and severely compromised height prognosis.

Almost 50% of the estimated 2500 species in the Bromeliaceae grow epiphytically in a remarkably wide range of habitats from inhospitable deserts to tropical rain forests (Benzing 2000). The degree of dependence on the host varies (Benzing 1990, Laube & Zotz 2006), and in some cases, epiphytic bromeliads may dispense completely with living hosts, and may thrive on artificial substrates such as electrical cables. This is not entirely surprising because this family provides examples of particularly remarkable adaptations to the epiphytic habitat like water-impounding leaf bases and water- and nutrient-absorbing scales (Benzing 2000). The so-called atmospheric forms in this family (e.g. Tillandsia recurvata) possess a dense covering of these scales, and use roots entirely as holdfasts, while leaves perform photosynthesis and take up water and nutrients. Although quite regularly mentioned in the literature (Benzing 1990, 2000; Brighigna et al. 1997, Lüttge 1989), we are not aware of any study investigating the vigour of plants growing on cables compared with plants growing on trees. The only functional aspects that have already been studied are related to nutrients, i.e. presence of nitrogen-fixing endophytes in Tillandsia recurvata plants from natural hosts and from electrical cables in Mexico (Puente & Bashan 1994) and differences in chemical composition of plant tissues and nutrient retention by leaves in Tillandsia capillaris growing on cables and trees in Argentina (Abril & Bucher 2009). Intermittent water supply, but also low nutrient supply, play an important role in epiphyte ecology (Zotz & Hietz 2001), which leads to the following alternative hypotheses: (1) Plants on electrical cables are usually close to roads.

Relevance. An important feature that determines the technological qualities of varieties and hybrids of beetroot is an erect, compact leaf rosette that persists until the end of the vegetation of plants. In this regard, much attention is paid to the selection of resistance to diseases affecting the leaves of plants, including Cercospora beticola Sacc. When creating resistant to Cercospora interline hybrids based on CMS, the selection of parent components plays an important role. In agroclimatic conditions of the Moscow region, Cercospora on industrial beetroot rarely reaches an economically significant threshold of harmfulness. However, in 2019, epiphytic development of Cercospora on summer first-year crops was observed in the block film greenhouse of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center», which allowed to assess the promising breeding material.Material and method. Phytomonitoring on beetroot plantings and sowing of the experimental production Department of the «Federal Scientific Vegetable Center» growing was carried out by methods of visual diagnostics and microscopy. Cercospora lesion in the breeding nursery was evaluated on an 11-point scale, the ranking of samples into five groups of resistance - according to the degree of disease development (R%). Analyzed: 28 sterile lines (А); 13 fertile lines of fixers (В); 25 lines of pollinators (С) and 38 hybrid F1 (АхВхС).Results. It was found that more than half of the studied lines were receptive to Cercospora. The share of relatively resistant lines was 13%. Most of them (8%) are ms - lines « obtained by pollination of CMS with mf-lines В. A close relationship (r=0.86-0.89) between the index of lesion of fixators and the degree of disease development of ms- lines was revealed, in some simple combinations a positive effect of heterosis on resistance to Cercospora relative to mf-В was noted. In the submitted sample F1 hybrids mainly observed between the nature of inheritance according to the degree of disease development (R, %), mixed effects the base line stability of pollinator mf-С (r=0,32) and a closer correlation of the stability of hybrid offspring the F1 with the resistant parent ms-line А (r=0.55). As a result of the evaluation, the most resistant to Cercospora ms- and mf-lines and derived from them hybrid F1, among which only 9% were included in the group of relatively resistant to C. beticola.

Summary A number of biological reference materials (RM) have been prepared in our laboratory specifically for validating analytical methods for the determination of Pb in biological matrices (e.g. blood, urine, liver, and bone). The RM's were developed using animal (goats and cows) that are routinely dosed with lead acetate to produce proficiency test samples for blood lead (and erythrocyte protoporphyrin). In cases where an animal becomes injured or infirm, the veterinarian in charge may recommend that the animal be euthanized. In such cases, samples of bone, brain, liver, and other tissues containing lead are removed at autopsy. Currently, we have collected bone samples from nine goats and one cow that were dosed with lead over periods ranging from 1 to 10 years, During the autopsy, the epiphyses (bone joints) are separated from each long bone. Skin, muscle, and other adhering tissues are dissected or scraped from each bone. Bone marrow is also removed. All bare bones are currently stored at -70°C until analyses for Pb are conducted. The only certified reference materials for bone Pb are those available from the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST), Gaithersburg, MD. Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1486 Bone Meal has a certified Pb concentration of only 1.335 μg/g. This is close to normal for humans, but is too low to be of practical use for in vivo X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) equipment, SRM 1400 Bone Ash has a certified Pb concentration of 9.07 μg/g. Neither SRM is optimal for validating in vivo XRF equipment, but they are both very useful in validating other analytical methods for bone Pb such as Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). We have developed an accurate, precise, and sensitive method for determining Pb in bone using GFAAS with Zeeman background correction. Using this method, we have analyzed the animal bones for Pb. Bone samples were divided into smaller pieces using a diamond-disc saw, freeze dried, and homogenized in a tantalum ball mill. Samples of bone powder were digested in nitric acid using a closed vessel microwave digestion system. Lead was determined using aqueous Pb standards in a chemical modifier optimized for the bone matrix. The method was validated using NIST SRM Bone Meal and Bone Ash. The detection limit is 0.6 μg/g based on 3 SD. Results for Pb in our animal bone range from approximately 5 to 50 μg/g dry weight. The results indicate that the intact bare bones would be excellent candidates for interlaboratory studies of in vivo XRF measurements of bone Pb. They are stable, well-characterized, easily transported between sites, and cover the clinically relevant range of bone lead concentrations likely to be encountered in the field. It is proposed that these materials be circulated as part of an interlaboratory comparison to interested centers using in vivo XRF After the XRF analyses, the bone samples will be analyzed for Pb by GFAAS for comparison purposes.

Die Flechtendiversität und -quantität wurde in den Jahren 2017/2018 in Rostock an 53 Bäumen erfasst. Die Ergebnisse wurden mit den Ergebnissen einer Kartierung von 1994/1995 verglichen. Ferner wurden die Feuchtigkeitsverhältnisse und der Grad der Eutrophierung bzw. die Luftqualität an den Bäumen der Gattungen Tilia und Acer anhand des bekannten Verhaltens der nachgewiesenen Flechten bezüglich Luftfeuchtigkeit/Niederschlägen, Eutrophierung und pH-Verhältnissen bewertet. 2017/2018 wurden 79 Flechtenarten und 14 lichenicole Pilzarten nachgewiesen. Die Gesamtzahl der im Untersuchungsgebiet nachgewiesenen epiphytischen Flechtenarten erhöhte sich damit auf 80. Die meisten Flechtenarten kommen an Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) und A. platanoides (34) vor. Die häufigsten Arten sind Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella und Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina und Taeniolella delicata sind Neufunde für Mecklenburg-Vorpommern. Hinsichtlich der Verbreitung und des Charakters der Fundorte können die nachgewiesenen Flechten und lichenicolen Pilze drei Gruppen zugeordnet werden: 1. Arten, die auch an stark befahrenen Straßen oder in eng bebauten Wohngebieten mit wenig Grünflächen und in den Stadtgebieten Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt oder Stadtmitte vorkamen, 2. Arten, die auch noch in locker bebauten, grünreichen Wohngebieten und in kleineren Grünlagen der Neubaugebiete vorkamen, aber nicht mehr in der Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt und Stadtmitte nachgewiesen wurden, 3. Arten, die nur an Bäumen vorkamen, die sich in der Nähe zum Offenland befinden. Der ersten Gruppe wurden 22, der zweiten Gruppe 32 und der dritten Gruppe 25 Flechtenarten zugeordnet. Dem Verhältnis zwischen der Frequenzsumme der stark nitrophytischen Arten und der Frequenzsumme der a-, schwach und mäßig nitrophytischen Arten auf den Bäumen entsprechend, wird die Luftqualität an 15 Bäumen der Gattungen Acer und Tilia für gut, an 14 Bäumen für mäßig und an 13 Bäumen für schlecht befunden. Auf der Grundlage des Verhältnisses zwischen der Anzahl basiphytischer Arten und der Summe an Arten an sauren oder/und subneutralen Borken wurden sechs Standorte als wenig, 21 Standorte als mäßig und 15 Standorte als stark schadstoffbelastet eingestuft. Meso- bis hygrophytische Flechten kamen an zehn Standorten mit nur ein oder zwei Arten, an 21 Standorten mit drei bis fünf Arten und an elf Standorten mit mehr als fünf Arten vor. Die epiphytische Flechtenflora hat sich in Rostock seit 1995 gravierend verändert. Es nahmen 69 Flechten im Bestand zu, von denen sich 52 Arten erst nach 1995 angesiedelt haben. Bei 32 Flechten ist eine schwache, bei 19 Flechten eine mäßige und bei 18 Flechten eine starke Zunahme zu verzeichnen. Lecanora conizaeoides kam 2017/2018 nicht mehr vor, vier Arten haben im Bestand abgenommen. Changes in the epiphytic lichen flora in the urban area of Rostock between 1994/1995 and 2017/2018 In 2017/2018, diversity and quantity of lichens were studied on 53 trees in Rostock city. The results were compared with the results of a mapping project in 1994/1995. Humidity conditions and degree of eutrophication at trees of the genera Tilia and Acer were interpreted with reference to the known indicator characteristcs of the lichen species concerning air humidity/precipitation, eutrophication and pH conditions. In 2017/2018, 79 lichen species and 14 lichenicolous fungus species were found. The total number of lichens increased to 80 species. Most species were found on Tilia spec. (60), Acer pseudoplatanus (43) and A. platanoides (34). The most common species are Phaeophyscia orbicularis, Physcia adscendens, Ph. tenella and Xanthoria parietina. Candelariella xanthostigmoides, Flavoparmelia soredians, Hyperphyscia adglutinata, Intralichen lichenum, Lecanora subcarpinea, Parmelia serrana, Parmelina quercina and Taeniolella delicata are new to Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania. The distribution and characteristics of the collection sites allow for deviding the species into three groups: 1. species also present along streets with heavy traffic or in densely populated residential areas with a lack of green areas and in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 2. species still present in sparse residential areas and smaller green areas but not in the districts Kröpeliner Tor-Vorstadt or City Centre, 3. species only colonizing trees close to the open landscape. Twenty-two species were assigned to the first, 32 species to the second and 25 species to the latter group. According to the proportion between the sum of frequencies of the strongly nitrophytic lichens and the sum of frequencies of the anitrophytic and moderately nitrophytic lichens on trees, air quality was indicated to be good at 15 trees of the genera Acer and Tilia, moderate at 14 trees and bad at 13 trees. Based on the proportion between the number of basiphytic lichen species and the sum of species colonizing acidophytic and subneutrophytic bark, six locations were categorized as little, 21 locations as moderately and 15 locations as strongly polluted. Mesophytic or hygrophytic lichens were present with only one or two species at ten locations, three to five species at 21 locations and over five species at 11 locations. Within the period under consideration, the epiphytic lichen flora of the Rostock urban area changed considerably. The populations of 69 lichen species increased, with 52 lichens newly establishing after 1995. In 32 lichen species a slight, in 19 species a moderate, and in 18 species a strong population increase was recorded. Lecanora conizaeoides disappeared and the populations of four species decreased.

Objective: This study has investigated the amount of bone remodeling in patients with a slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) treated with in situ fixation until closure of the epiphysis and the factors affecting remodeling. Method: Patients who underwent surgery for SCFE between January 2010 and January 2015 were retrospectively screened: Twenty-four male and 7 female patients (mean age 12.6 ± 1.9 years) were included in the study. Gender, age, history, and laterality of trauma, duration of hip pain (acute, chronic, acute on chronic background), and hip radiographs were evaluated. The Southwick and alpha angles were measured, and the factors affecting remodeling were assessed. The statistical analyses were conducted using SPSS 25.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY); 95% confidence levels were calculated and p < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Results: The preoperative displacement angles measured on the anteroposterior and lateral radiographs were 15.03° ± 9.1° and 25.93° ± 14.1° and at the last follow-up they were 11.63° ± 8.7° and 21.6° ± 12.1°, respectively. The alpha angles measured on the lateral radiographs preoperatively and at the end of follow-up were 52.33° ± 11.6° and 47.87° ± 11.8°, respectively. Significant remodeling was reflected in the angles measured on the anteroposterior and lateral X-ray images. Greater preoperative displacement angle was associated with less remodeling. Conclusion: Preoperative displacement affects the degree of postoperative remodeling. In patients with severe epiphyseal displacement, open reduction is an option but in situ pinning should be considered in that it is less invasive and more physiological.

Abstract Aim The present study investigated the diversity of aquatic macrophytes in the littoral zone of Lajeado Reservoir, Tocantins River. We characterized spatial variations in species richness, composition and abundance along depth gradients. Methods Macrophyte sampling occurred at the end of the dry season (September and October 2014) in four sites of the reservoir. We established transects perpendicular to the shoreline, each 25 m long, divided in 3 sections (plots of 5 x 5 m). Results In total, we recorded 18 taxa of aquatic macrophytes, belonging to nine families and four life forms. Najas microcarpa, Echinodorus tenellus. and Chara sp. were the more frequent and abundant taxa. Considering depth gradients, we recorded 18 taxa in the section closer to the shoreline, 13 in the middle section and 10 in the section more distant to the shoreline. Submerged and emergent species were more frequent and abundant, especially in the section close to the shoreline; epiphytes and free-floating species were rare. Plot species richness (total, emergent and submerged) decreased along the gradient, and a Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS) revealed that the plot close to the shoreline had different composition when compared to adjacent sections. Individual species showed particular behaviors, but most tended to decline in abundance and occurrence along the gradient. Conclusions The present study revealed that small-scale environmental gradients affect the distribution of aquatic plants in Lajeado Reservoir, with greater diversity in habitats close to the shoreline.

Orientador: Lucy Marie Ribeiro Muniz
Resumo: O tamanho adulto influencia a eficiência do sistema de produção, bem como as doenças metabólicas, que prejudicam e atrasam o desenvolvimento do animal. Maturidade precoce pode ser buscada para as fêmeas, que são mais eficientes que animais de maior porte em condições de escassez e/ou limitação de alimentos, e para macho, que atingem o acabamento de gordura na carcaça mais rapidamente. A avaliação do grau de maturidade óssea correlacionada com a densidade mineral óssea pode ser uma ferramenta para seleção desses animais. O grau de maturidade óssea reflete a maturidade do esqueleto como um todo. O padrão geral de crescimento pode ser descrito como disto-proximal com amadurecimento mais rápido dos ossos na extremidade. O experimento tem por objetivo, estabelecer a curva de maturidade óssea, correlacionando peso, altura, densidade mineral óssea e adaptando metodologia desenvolvida por Oishi, Hamada e Sakamoto (1996) em bovinos Nelore, com o intuito de utilização no diagnóstico preventivo de doenças metabólicas ósseas que acometem animais em desenvolvimento, proporcionando uma forma de monitorar as alterações ósseas destes animais criados em sistema extensivo. Dez machos e dez fêmeas foram analisados, mensalmente, através de radiografias, pesagem e altura de cernelha até os 24 meses ou até o fechamento do disco epifisário dos ossos estudados. Foram feitas radiografias da porção distal do metacarpo e de falange proximal (desenvolvimento rápido e de fácil acesso), utilizando as vistas látero-medial esquerda e dorsopalmar. As radiografias foram escaneadas e lidas através de um programa computacional específico. O grau de maturação óssea foi avaliado através da escala de mudanças morfológicas da epífise dos ossos longos, em escala de zero (epífise ausente) e dez (fechamento completo do disco epifisário) desenvolvida por Oishi, Hamada e Sakamoto (1996)... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The adult size influences the efficiency of the production system, like the metabolics disease that prejudices and retard the animal desenvolviment. Precocity maturity may be obtained to females that are more efficient that biggest animals in conditions of lack or food limitations, and for males that attain carcass fat faster. The evaluation of the maturity degree correlated with bone mineral density can be the key to select these animals. The bone maturity degree reflects the all-skeletal maturity. The general standard of bone growth may be descript like disto-proximal with faster bone maturation in extremities. The experiment has like objective to stabilize the curve of bone maturity, correlating weight, height, bone mineral density and to adapting OISHI, Hamada and Sakamoto (1996) bovine Nelore methodology with the finality of utilization in the prevent diagnostic of bone metabolic disease that occur in growth animals, giving a way to monitore the bone alteration of these animal living in extensive system. Ten males and ten females were studied, monthly, througth radiographies, weight, and height until 24 months old or until the epiphyseal disc closure of studied bones. Were taken radiographies of distal metacarpal and distal left falangeal extremity (fast growth and easy access) utilizing mediolateral and dorsopalmar view. Those radiographic images were scanned and read througth computer program. The bone maturity degree was available througth morphologic changes scale of epiphysis long bones, zero scale (absent epiphysis) and ten (completely closure) development by Oishi, Hamada and Sakamoto (1996). Was establish for radiographics exams like the prevent of bones metabolics disease.
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