Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Épissage (génétique)'
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Desmet, François-Olivier. "Bioinformatique et épissage dans les pathologies humaines." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON1T017.
Full textDiscovered in 1977, splicing is a post-transcriptional maturation process that consists in link-ing exons together and removing introns from a pre-messanger RNA. For splicing to be cor-rectly undertaken by the spliceosome and its auxiliary proteins, several signals are located along the pre-messanger RNA sequence. Nearly half of pathogenous mutations in humans are now recognized to impact splicing and leading to a gene dysfunction. Therefore it is es-sential for biologists to detect those signals in any genomic sequence.Thus, the goals of this thesis were to conceive new algorithms: i) to identify splicing signals; ii) to predict the impact of mutations on these signals and iii) to give access to this information to researchers thanks to the power of bioinformatics. The proposed solution, Human Splicing Finder (HSF), is a web application able to predict all types of splicing signals hidden in any sequence extracted from the human genome. We demonstrated the prediction's efficiency of HSF for all situations associated with pathogenous mutations for which an impact on splicing has been experimentally demonstrated. Along with these direct benefits for the knowledge of biological processes for splicing and diagnosis, new genotype-specific therapeutic approaches can also benefit from these new algorithms. Thus, HSF allows to better target antisense olignucleotides used to induce exon skipping in Duchenne myopathy and dysferlinopathies.The recent recognition of the major interest of splicing in various domains such as fundamen-tal research, therapeutics and diagnosis needed a one stop shop for splicing signals. HSF has for object to fulfill this need, being regularly updated to integrate new knowledge and is already recognized as an international reference tool
Cocquerelle, Claude. "Formation de transcrits circulaires par épissage pour le proto-oncogène ETS-1." Lille 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIL10174.
Full textNous avons démontré que le mécanisme d'épissage inverse est intramoléculaire et que les transcrits comprenant une jonction exonique inversée ont une structure circulaire. Les molécules d'arn circulaires que nous avons identifiées, ne contiennent que la séquence exonique du deuxième au cinquième exon, ou au sixième exon du locus de ets-1. Nous avons observé une localisation cytoplasmique et une stabilité élevée pour ces molécules d'arn. Le taux d'expression des transcrits circulaires est de l'ordre de 1% du taux d'expression du transcrit linéaire de ets-1. La faible expression de transcrits circulaires pour le locus de ets-1 a-t-elle une signification biologique? Le mécanisme d'épissage inverse a été mis en évidence pour d'autres gènes, pour lesquels l'expression de transcrits circulaires est majoritaire sinon plus élevée que celle du transcrit habituel. Ces transcrits circulaires pourraient ainsi avoir une fonction en tant que molécule d'arn, comme cela a été démontré pour certains arns messagers
Théoleyre, Orianne. "Recherche de voies de régulation de l'épissage alternatif du pré-messager 4. 1R au cours de la différenciation érythroïde." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10061.
Full textToumaniantz, Gilles. "Caracterisation du mch-gene-overprinted polypeptide : une nouvelle proteine issue de la regulation post-transcriptionnelle du gene de l'hormone de melanoconcentration (mch)." Nice, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999NICE5356.
Full textDeguillien, Mireille. "Régulation de l'épissage alternatif de l'exon 16 du pré-messager 4. 1 R au cours de la différenciation érythroi͏̈de." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10031.
Full textDouablin, Alexandre. "Implication des facteurs d'épissage agissant en trans dans la régulation de l'épissage alternatif de l'exon 16 du pré-messager 4. 1R80 au cours de la différenciation érythroïde." Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10030.
Full textThe inclusion of exon 16 in the mature protein 4. 1R messenger RNA (mRNA) is a critical event in red blood cell membrane biogenesis. It occurs during late erythroid development and results in inclusion of the 10kDa domain needed for stabilization of the spectrin/actin lattice. We here identified KSRP as a predominant splicing factor that binds to ESS16, a splicing silencer within exon 16. Its binding requires hnRNP A1 protein in vitro but does not affect exon 16 splicing in intact cells. In addition, we observed that the regulation of the exon 16 inclusion in the erythroid system is not affected by hnRNP A1 in vivo, but rather is modulated by hnRNP A2 in an isoform specific manner
Galiana-Arnoux, Delphine. "Étude des mécanismes de régulation de l'épissage des exons v8, v9 et v10 alternatifs du gène codant pour la protéine CD44." Nantes, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NANT2021.
Full textTorres, Padilla Maria Elena. "Etude de l'expression et de l'activité transcriptionnelle des isoformes de HNF4alpha : récepteur nucléaire essentiel pour la différenciation hépatique." Paris 5, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA05S008.
Full textThe establishment of hepatic identity results from two processes : specific gene expression and acquisition of a defined morphology. Specific gene expression is regulated at the transcriptional level by the liver-enriched transcription factors. Among these, HNF4alpha is essential for development and hepatic differentiation. My work focused on the study of the expression and transcriptional activity of the isoforms encoded by the HNF4alpha gene. HNF4alpha1 and HNF4alpha7 transcripts originate from alternative promoters and the corresponding proteins possess different amino-termini. . .
Saudemont, Baptiste. "Contrôle traductionnel de l'épissage." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066407.
Full textBonnet-Dupeyron, Marie-Noëlle. "Recherche de nouvelles anomalies en cause dans les leucodystrophies d'origine indéterminée." Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CLF1MM12.
Full textGenetic diseases affecting primarily the myelin of the central nervous system (CNS), or leucodystrophies, include a large variety of phenotypes. The aims of this work lead with hypomyelinating forms, displaying a defect in myelin production and implicating the PLP1 gene which encodes the major proteins of CNS myelin, i. E. PLP and DM20. "PLP-pathies" are characterized by motor development impairment and encompass a wide continuum spectrum extending from severe forms of Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PMD) to relatively mild late onset spastic paraplegia (SPG2). However, a large proportion of patients presenting with a PMD or a SPG2 phenotype remains without identified PLP1 mutations suggesting either genetic heterogeneity or PLP1 gene alternative mutational mechanisms. This cohort of patients, called PMD like (PMLD), has been studied in this work to test both hypotheses. First, different candidate genes have been tested, including MBP which encodes the second major proteins of CNS myelin; GPM6B, which present close similarities with DM20 and OLIG2 which encodes a transcription factor oligodendrocyte specific. Secondly, the existence of PLP1 alternative mutational mechanisms has been evaluated by looking for small intragenic rearrangements, and for qualitative and quantitative abnormalities analyzing PLP and DM20 transcripts from patients' fibroblasts. Obtained results have excluded the implication of the tested candidate genes as well as PLP1 small intragenic rearrangements in the aetiology of PMLD. On the other hand, qualitative and quantitative analysis of PLP/DM20 transcripts from fibroblasts have demonstrated their usefulness and suggested that a PLP1 gene expression dysregulation could be involved in a subset of PMLD patients
Samara, Maha. "Contribution à l'analyse des interactions de longue distance dans le locus des chaînes lourdes d'immunoglobulines." Limoges, 2005. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/859092c7-2606-4d57-8b64-4dbeb7f3a948/blobholder:0/2005LIMO0039.pdf.
Full textLe, Sommer Caroline. "Identification de facteurs régulant en trans la maturation différentielle de la région 3' terminale de l'ARN pré-messager tropomyosine α chez Xenopus laevis." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S009.
Full textBarneche, Fredy. "Caractérisation de gènes de fibrillarine et de petits ARN nucléolaires impliqués dans la maturation des ARN ribosomiques chez Arabidopsis thaliana." Toulouse 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001TOU30146.
Full textMouille, Grégory. "L'épissage de glucanes : une étape majeure de la biosynthèse de l'amylopectine." Lille 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997LIL10118.
Full textLe, Guiner Caroline. "Étude de la régulation de l'épissage des exons alternatifs K-SAM et BEK du gène codant pour le FGFR-2 : affinement du rôle nucléaire et du mode de régulation des protéines TIA-1 et TIAR." Nantes, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003NANT2014.
Full textVitaliano-Prunier, Adeline. "Rôle de l'ubiquitination dans le couplage entre biogénèse et export nucléaire des ARNm." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066250.
Full textSantenard, Angèle. "Régulation de la transcription et organisation de la chromatine dans les ovocytes et l'embryon préimplantatoire de souris." Strasbourg, 2011. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2011/SANTENARD_Angele_2011.pdf.
Full textFertilisation of a metaphase II oocyte by the sperm, two differentiated cells, leads to the formation of a zygote, a totipotent cell capable of generating a new organism. In the first part of my thesis, I showed that TBP2 (TATA binding protein 2), an oocyte specific general transcription factor in the mouse, is necessary for oocyte development and maturation during folliculogenesis. TBP2 is necessary for the establishment of an oocyte specific expression pattern, and functions at least in part, through its binding to promoters of actively transcribed genes. In the second part of my thesis, I focused on the establishment of pericentric heterochromatin in the paternal pronucleus in zygotes. I showed that three main actors are responsible for heterochromatinisation of pericentric regions : post-translational modifications of H3. 3K27, recruitment of HP1B and of a double stranded RNA transcribed from the major satellites repeats. Some preliminary results also show that the intranuclear localization of pericentric regions after fertilization is crucial for early embryonic development. Basal transcription factors and chromatin modifications are involved in the establishment of specific gene expression pattern and in the formation of chromatin structures necessary to maintain genome integrity. In the mouse oocyte, sperm and zygote, the evolution of specific gene expression pattern and of chromatin modifications are directed by both genetic information and epigenetic reprogramming in order to generate a totipotent cell
Jaeger, Sophie. "Etude de la maturation de l'extrémité 3' non traduite et de la traduction de l'ARN messager codant pour l'histone H4." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2005. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2005/JAEGER_Sophie_2005.pdf.
Full textFirst we studied HBP protein interaction with the hairpin structure of histone H4-12 pre-mRNA. Starting from loss-of binding mutants of HBP, we selected by the yeast three hybrid system, HBP suppressors that restored the interaction for a wild-type hairpin RNA. Most of the selected mutations were located in both N- and C terminal domains of the protein, suggesting that these domains are involved in RNA recognition. Next we analyzed the structural effect of HBP binding to the 3'UTR of several histone pre-mRNA. Structural probing revealed strong secondary structures in the 3'UTR molecules that could prevent U7 snRNP anchoring to the RNA. We also showed that in some cases HBP-binding induced conformational changes at the level of U7 hybridization sequence. These changes were associated to a better annealing of a U7 snRNA transcript. However, this mechanism is not general to all histone-genes. Lastly, we focused on histone translation mechanism. We found that in vitro translation of H4-12 mRNA is highly efficient. Surprisingly, we found that 5' and 3' UTR are dispensable, which suggests that the Open Reading Frame (ORF) alone is able to recruit the ribosome. Using enzymatic and chemical probing we solved the secondary structure of the whole mRNA. The molecule appears to be circular due to hybridization of 5' and 3' sequences. With non-sense RNA designed to inhibit translation we identified essential nucleotides required for a highly efficient translation mechanism. Altogether, the data from in vitro translation, mutagenesis, toe print and electron-microscopy led us to propose a model that explains the highly efficient mechanism of histone translation. First, the ORF might efficiently recruit two ribosomes on Internal Ribosome Entry Sites (IRES). Second, after translation of the histone circular histone-mRNA an efficient recycling process would channel the ribosomes onto the initiation-codon for a new round of translation
Ritchie, William. "La régulation post-transcriptionelle : des mécanismes adaptés et intégrés." Aix-Marseille 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX22070.
Full textBusson, Adeline. "Interaction fonctionnelle de la protéine RBM15B avec les complexes CDK11p110/cyclines L : rôle de ces protéines à l'interface entre transcription et épissage." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S048.
Full textThe CDK11p110/cyclin L complexes contribute to the control of transcription and RNA maturation. We searched for new binding partners of CDK11p110 and identified the protein RBM15B. We have demonstrated that RBM15B inhibits preRNA splicing through functional competition with the CDK11p110/cycline L2α complex. RBM15B also interacts with the co-repressor of transcription NCoR and the histone deacetylase (HDAC) 3 suggesting its involvement in the control of transcription. Gene profiling analysis led us to identify several target genes of RBM15B including the transcription factor ATF3 and the gene SLC7A11 encoding the sub-unit xCT of the cystine/glutamate transporter. Reported alterations of CDK11 and cyclin L1α in various tumours led us to initiate the study of their expression levels as well as those of RBM15B, ATF3 and SLC7A11 in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs) and peritumoral hepatic parenchyma. Our preliminary data indicate a strong induction of SLC7A11 in HCCs compared to normal tissues
Disset, Antoine. "Altérations de l'épissage et pathologies humaines." Montpellier 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MON1T027.
Full textLe, Guédard-Méreuze Sandie. "Mutations des éléments cis-régulateurs de l'épissage : rôle en pathologie humaine." Montpellier 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON1T025.
Full textSplicing of pre-messenger RNAs to mature transcripts is a crucial step in eukaryotic gene expression. This highly regulated mechanism involves multiple signals, including the core splice site motifs (donor and acceptor splice sites) and auxiliary ci-regulatory elements, which are part of integrated "splicing code". More and more examples of splicing mutations resulting in genetic diseases are described in the literature, however their true contribution is probably underestimated. Indeed, sequence-based approach to study disease-causing genes in diagnostic procedures leads to the identification of an increasing number of variants of unknown significance (UVs). The biological consequences of the so-called UVs and notably their purative impact of splicing ar unknown. When specific analysis is not achievable in patients, in silico predictions associated with minigene studies are performed to determine the impact of these UVs on splicing. This strategy was applied to a set of UVs located in poorly conserved positions of acceptor and donor splice sites of Usher genes, and 76% of them were found to cause aberrant splicing. From our results, we further confirmed the importance of the overall nucleotidic environment in splice sites selection. In particular, we could establish that positions -1 and +4 in donor splice sites can compensate a mismatch at position +3 with the U1 snRNP and contribute to the correct recognition of such donor splice sites. Alernative splicing events play also a major role in modulation of disease severity. In the DMD gene, nonsense mutations introducing a premature stop codon are found in patients with a milder phenotype (Becker-like) than expected (Duchenne-like), and usually result from the elimination of the truncating mutation from dystrophin mRNA by skipping of an in-frame exon. This kind of disease-causing mutations can contribute to shed light on new cis-regulatory elements, in particular Exonic Splicing Enhancer (ESE) motifs, essential for splicing in the DMD gene, which may be important for the exon skipping therapeuric strategy
Aissat, Abdelrazak. "Variabilité phénotypique et épissage : combinaison d'analyses in vitro et in silico du gène CFTR." Thesis, Paris Est, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PEST0060.
Full textOver the past decades, studying the consequences of pathogenic mutations has allowed not only todefine the origin of several genetic diseases, but also to contribute to understand the phenotypicvariability between individuals within a disease. The CFTR gene was extensively analyzed since 1989,but among the over 1,900 mutations identified, the current challenge is to classify them as diseasecausingor neutral. These variants of unknown clinical significance (UVs) can alter multiple processes,from gene transcription to RNA splicing or protein function. The CFTR gene needs to include intactversions of all its 27 exons to be functional, and any mutation affecting its splicing process will reducethe amount of functional full-length transcripts. Previous studies have shown that mutations withinsome CFTR exons increase exon skipping. We hypothesized that a number of UVs occurring in otherCFTR exons could indeed affect splicing. By combining in vitro and bioinformatics approaches, weshowed how nucleotide variations within the CFTR gene could impact on the splicing of its premRNA.This work enabled us to provide the first experimental evidence of a premature terminationcodon removal by alternative splicing at a NAGNAG acceptor splice site. This unexpected phenotypemodifyingmechanism explains the much milder phenotype severity than expected for a nonsensemutation. The correction of premature termination codons (PTCs) by agents that promote readthroughrepresents a promising emerging tool for the treatment of many genetic diseases. Having demonstratedthat nonsense mutation could cause aberrant splicing, we postulated that the efficiency of thereadthrough treatment could be due not only to the stop codon itself but also to the amount ofcorrectible transcripts. We showed that a subset of nonsense mutations within the CFTR exon 15 has adifferent impact on the splicing efficiency by modifying the inclusion rate of this exon anddemonstrated that the total amount of transcripts together with the splicing profile should be assessedto anticipate and improve efficacy of readthrough therapy in CF patients. Finally, in order to anticipatethe occurrence of “splicing-causing” mutations, we used a combination of in silico and in vitroanalyses of all CFTR exons and pinpointed those harboring weak splicing signals, which render themmore sensitive to exonic splicing mutations.All these studies contribute to expand our knowledge on the phenotypic variability due to alternativesplicing of the CFTR gene. These studies will lead not only to predict the evolution of a disease, butalso to adjust therapy according to the mutation of each patient
Pouliot, Marie-Christine. "Caractérisation de la signature transcriptionnelle chez des femmes québécoises avec une histoire familiale de cancer du sein." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27355.
Full textIn Canada, 5 to 10% of breast cancer cases are inherited and come from high-risk families. However, the majority of hereditary breast cancer is not yet characterized. Alternative splicing (AS) is a mechanism known to be involved in cancer development. The analysis of transcriptome in high-risk breast cancer individuals affected with breast cancer or not could reveal transcripts implicated in breast cancer susceptibility and development. RNA-seq technology was used to characterize the transcriptome in French Canadian families with high risk of breast and ovarian cancer. RNA extracted from immortalized lymphoblastoid cell lines of 117 women (affected or unaffected) and issued from BRCA1, BRCA2 or non-BRCA1/2 (BRCAX) families was used. Anova and Bonferroni tests followed by Scheffé test were performed to detect significantly and differentially expressed transcripts within these groups. In total, 95 transcripts corresponding to 85 genes were significant (p-value < 0.01). Hierarchical clustering based on transcriptional data allowed distinctive subgrouping of BRCA1/2 subgroups from BRCAX individuals. Enrichment in signaling pathways such as EIF2, IL-3 and mTOR was obtained. Furthermore, 28 transcripts were differentially expressed between BRCAX affected and unaffected women. The identification of differentially expressed transcripts could allow identifying individuals with a high susceptibility for breast cancer.
Lemaire, Sébastien. "Biais de composition nucléotidique des gènes et épissage alternatif." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN005/document.
Full textSplicing, a major step in gene expression, consists in the removal of the introns and the production of mature transcripts or mRNA. The regulation of or the disturbances in splicing are involved in numerous physiopathological situations. In this work, I used and analysed with bio-informatic approaches a lot of genome-wide datasets in order to define better the rules governing exon recognition during the splicing step. I show in this work that the mechanisms of exon recognition depend on the nucleotidic composition bias of the genes which host these exons. Thus, the recognition of the exons located in genes enriched with guanine and cytosine essentially depends on their 5' splicing site, which can be hidden by secondary structures. The recognition of the exons located in genes enriched with thymine and adenine essentially depends on splicing signals placed upstream the exons. Moreover, I show that the chromatin organization varies according to the nucleotidic composition bias in the genes, and that it has a particular impact on exon recognition. A lot of studies have shown that the genes are not randomly organized in a genome and that the architecture of the genes and of the chromosomes depends on their nucleotidic composition. Put together, my work suggests that it exists an direct link between the nucleotidic composition of a genomic region, the chromatin architecture and the recognition of the exons during the splicing step
Robert, Benoît. "Structure, expression et localisation de gènes de protéines contractiles synthétisées durant la différenciation myogénique chez la souris." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112233.
Full textSkeletal muscle cells can differentiate in cell culture conditions, when myoblasts fuse into multinucleated myotubes. During this transition, synthesis of a number of muscle specific proteins is activated. To study the mechanisms underlying this expression, we have prepared and characterized cDNA recombinant plasmids for contractile proteins. Using these probes, we have investigated the accumulation of the mRNAs for these contractile proteins during terminal differentiation of the myoblasts. This accumulation takes place just before that of the corresponding proteins, suggesting that the regulation operates at the transcriptional level. A gene corresponding to one of our cDNAs was isolated and characterized in detail. It encodes two proteins, the myosin light chains MLC1F and MLC3F. The two messengers are probably generated from two distinct promotors, by an alternative splicing mechanism which associates the common exons to exons specific for each mRNA. Phylogenetic analysis reveals conserved sequences 5' upstream of both promotors, which might constitute signals in the regulated expression of this complex gene. A second locus homologous to this gene contains a processed pseudogene. Mendelian genetic analysis was performed using these probes in a cross between two interfertiles mouse species. Genes for the isoforms of contractile proteins appear to be unlinked, with the exception of those for the myosin heavy chains. Structural characterization of these genes is a first step toward a functional analysis of the mechanisms which regulate their expression
Mary, Catherine. "Utilisation séquentielle des sites accepteurs d'épissage lors de l'expression du provirus HIV-1 : analyse par cartographie à la RNAse." Lyon 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LYO1T236.
Full textBarreau, Carine. "Étude fonctionnelle des éléments riches en AU de type III et implication de la protéine CUG-BP1." Rennes 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005REN1S055.
Full textGautherot, Isabelle. "Anti-messagers et ribozymes : médiateurs d'une immunomodulation spécifique." Lyon 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LYO10001.
Full textPetry, Franck. "Régulation de l'épissage alternatif de l'exon 10 de tau par la température." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27760.
Full textTauopathies are a group of neurodegenerative disorders characterized by the presence of aggregates of hyperphosphorylated tau protein. These aggregates are either constituted of the six tau isoforms, or Tau4R isoforms or Tau3R isoforms, suggesting that altered tau exon 10 alternative splicing can lead to neurodegeneration. This was further supported by the discovery of mutations on matp gene mainly responsible for fronto-temporal dementia. The regulation of tau exon 10 alternative splicing is not fully understood in both physiological and pathological conditions. Indeed, the lack of data on the development of sporadic tauopathies (in absence of tau mutations) and models to study them make therapeutics strategies compromised. Interestingly, changes of tau isoforms expression has been reported during the mouse brain development. Indeed, Tau3R isoforms are dominant in the first developmental stages (embryonic and early post-natal) and are absent in adulthood. To the opposite, human adul brain expresses both Tau3R and Tau4R to equal amount. This inter-species fundamental difference of expression of tau isoforms is not understood. We noctided that some events are concomitant during the mouse brain development: shift of tau isoforms, shift of tau phosphorylation state and pups thermoregulation efficiency. It has been reported that temperature can influence the phosphorylation of tau protein and especially that hypothermia increases it. To date, no study has shown the impact of temperature on tau exon 10 alternative splicing. Thus, our hypothesis is that temperature is a new regulator of the expression of tau isoforms by modulating the alternative splicing of tau exon 10. The major goals of this thesis were to analyze the impact of temperature on the alternative splicing of tau exon 10 overall, and especially during the mouse brain development. On another hand, we want to analyze the mechanisms responsible for temperature-mediated tau exon 10 alternative splicing changes. First, we used the mouse brain development to characterize the expression of tau isoforms. Thus, we used mouse primary neuronal cells in the aim of analyzing the impact of direct changes of temperature on tau isoforms expression. Second, we used in vitro approaches to characterize the impact of temperature on tau exon 10 alternative splicing at both mRNA and proteins levels. Third, we have analyzed mechanisms involved in these changes. Our results show that temperature directly affects tau exon 10 alternative splicing at both mRNA and protein levels. For the first time, we show that hypothermia induces tau exon 10 exclusion whereas hyperthermia favors exon 10 exclusion. Moreover, we show that temperature is able to modulate the alternative splicing of human tau exon 10. Our results with primary neuronal cells show that temperature can influence the developmental pattern of expression of tau isoforms, suggesting that temperature is a strong modulator of tau exon 10 alternative splicing. Eventually, our results highlight the role of Muscle blind-like proteins (MBNL) as potential mechanisms involved in the regulation of tau exon 10 alternative splicing by the temperature. Interestingly, our work put in relief a new role of the temperature in the regulation of tau isoforms expression. As perspectives, it should be important to evaluate the functional impact of temperature-mediated changes of tau isoforms expression on brain.
Rouget, Christel. "Etude de la fonction cytoplasmique de la protéine CstF-77K au cours de la maturation méiotique de l'ovocyte de xénope." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20108.
Full textRobin, Valérie. "Epissage alternatif à des fins thérapeutiques dans le cadre des amyotrophies spinales." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066587.
Full textSpinal Muscular Atrophy (SMA) is a neuromuscular genetic disorder caused by mutations in the SMN1 gene encoding the SMN protein (Survival Motor Neuron). In SMA patients, the severity of the disease is inversely proportional to the amount of SMN produced. This very low production comes from the residual activity of the SMN2 gene which copy number varies between individuals. SMN2 differs from SMN1 by only 5 nucleotides including a C>T transition in exon 7 which creates a putative ESS preventing splicing of exon 7. Thus, the majority of SMN2 transcripts lacks exon 7 and can not ensure the production of SMN. Our strategy is to intervene via antisense sequences on the definition of SMN2 exon 7 to improve its inclusion in the final messenger. The analysis of this definition has led us to hide the ISS on intron 7 or the terminal portion of exon 7 forming a stem-loop reinforcing the putative ESS using synthetic oligonucleotides 2 'O-methyl and tricyclo-DNA, a new chemistry. These molecules were tested in vitro on patients cells. RT-PCR analysis showed exon 7 re-inclusion in about 60% of the messenger, a SMN resurgence by Western blot and by immunofluorescence the presence of nuclear gems characteristics of the SMN protein. This strategy was pursued in vivo in two SMA mice models varying severity. In both types, we showed an improvement of the phenotype. Taken together, these results demonstrate the efficiency of exon inclusion with tricyclo-DNA, an approach that could affect all SMA patients
Gouttenoire, Jérôme. "Mécanismes moléculaires déclenchés par la Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 dans les chondrocytes : identification d'un gène impliqué dans la chondrogenèse et le développement précoce." Lyon 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LYO10191.
Full textChoury, David. "Etude de l'édition des ARN mitochondriaux de plantes supèrieures : éléments de reconnaissance en cis et relation avec les autres processus de maturation." Bordeaux 2, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR21238.
Full textThis work describes the cis-recognition elements required for RNA editing in higher plants. We confirm for two editing sites that a minimal region of 23 nucleotides was necessary for editing. Studies of this region indicated that they are not consensus sequences. Suggesting that, notwithstanding a similar extent and location of cis-elements, the editing site recognition mechanisms may differ in plant mitochondria. This is an argument that both sites are recognized by different trans-acting factors. Chimeric constructs from either potatoe or wheat were used in electroporation experiments. We found that some editing sites were recognized in the heterologous context suggesting that those sites the putative trans-acting factors were conserved after the lost of the editing substrate or may recognize different sites. In wheat mitochondria, the potatoe rps 10 RNA was not recognized by wheat mitochondria. These results suggest the existence of a check point in the RNA maturation machinery
Daugeron, Marie-Claire. "Interactions ARN-protéine et snRNP-snRNP au sein du splicéosome et mise en évidence d'un mécanisme de phosphorylation-déphosphorylation lié à l'épissage." Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20238.
Full textFournier, Régis. "Etude de la biogenèse, de la structure, de l'évolution et du mécanisme d'action du snoRNA U3 de levures." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10263.
Full textPortales-Casamar, Elodie. "Identification et caractérisation de nouvelles isoformes du Rho-GEF Trio." Montpellier 2, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MON20126.
Full textIaccarino, Ciro. "Etude de l'épissage et de la signalisation du récepteur dopaminergique de type D2." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002STR13090.
Full textThe neurotransmitter dopamine (DA) is the most abundant catecolamine in the central nervous system (CNS) where it is implicated in a variety of physiological functions including motor control, sexual behaviour and cognition. In parallel to its functions in the central nervous system, DA also exerts an inhibitory neuroendocrine control of hormone synthesis and release as well as cell proliferation in the pituitary gland. D2Rs exist in two different isoforms originated by alternative splicing of the same transcript. The long isoform (D2L) is predominant in the striatum and pituitary gland, whereas it is less abundant than the short isoform in the substantia nigra and the olfactory tubercle. The long isoform differs from the short isoform in the presence of the sixth exon. This exon codes for 29 amino acids that constitute part of the third intracellular loop of the D2R. It has been shown that such loop is involved in the interaction with G-proteins as well as that D2L and D2S preferentially bind different G-proteins. In Borrelli laboratory a mouse line knock-out for the receptor D2 has been generated. These mice show a phenotype characterized by posture problems and tremors. Knock-out mice move less than WT and show low performance in the rota-rod test that measure the ability of coordination of the animals. Indeed the knock-out mice phenotype strongly rassembles to the Parkinson desease. Furthermore female knock-out mice develop pituitary hyperlasia due to lactotrop proliferation than finally leads to prolactinomas formation. During my thesis I tried to approch different aspects of D2R fuctions. . It has been have shown that the two D2R isoforms have different function in vivo in the central neurosystem. Using a mouse line which expresses only the D2S isoform without a decrease in the total level of D2R mRNA Borrelli laboratory has demonstrated that D2L is more deeply implicated in motor out-put of the dopaminergic system while D2S mainly controls the firing and dopamine release of dopaminergic neurones. In the first part of my thesis I studied the role of the different D2R isoforms in the pituitary gland physiology. The pituitary gland is composed of five different cellular types: lactotrops, somatotrps, tyrotrops, corticotrops and melanotrops. Each cellular type is characterized by the secretion of one or more trophic hormones that regulate a diverse range of important biological processes in response to signals from the hypothalamus and peripheral organs. The D2R is expressed in only in lactotrops in anterior lobe and melanotrops in intermediate lobe. We generated two transgenic lines expressing the long or the short isoform of the receptor specifically in the pituitary
Cseh, Botond. "The role of autocrine FN in cultured endothelial cells." Nice, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NICE4077.
Full textCellular fibronectin (cFN) variants containing extra FN Type III repeats, including Extra Domains B and A, are major constituents of the extracellular matrix (ECM) surrounding newly forming blood vessels during development and angiogenesis. Their expression is regulated by angiogenic stimuli, and their assembly into fibrillar networks is driven by α5β1 integrin and cytoplasmic partners such as Integrin Linked Kinase (ILK) and tensin1. During my thesis J examined the role and potential functional redundancy of the different cFN variants in cultured bovine aortic endothelial (BAE) cells, using isoform-selective RNA interference. The results show that cFN-depleted cultures fail to assemble a subendothelial matrix indicating that FN fibrillogenesis is a cell autonomous process in endothelial cells in which basal secretion of cFN is coupled to integrin-dependent assembly. Isoform-specific cFN silencing alters integrin usage and impacts on downstream signalling events that regulate cytoskeletal organization, cell motility, proliferation and capillary morphogenesis on a basement membrane matrix. Silencing of cFN causes a shift of ILK and tensin 1 from α5β1-containing fibrillar adhesions to αvβ3-based adhesive structures. This integrin switch is accompanied by a Src-regulated disruption of adherens junctions. Altogether, these results highlight a novel role for autocrine FN in subendothelial matrix assembly and junctional integrity thus providing a spatially and temporally restricted control of endothelial plasticity during angiogenic blood Bessel remodelling
Forne, Thierry. "Les modifications post-transcriptionnelles du snRNA U6 chez les mammifères : implications dans l'épissage des ARNs pré-messagers." Montpellier 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MON20076.
Full textHoarau, Jean-Jacques. "Étude des processus d'épissage alternatifs et de polyadénylation impliqués dans le polymorphisme de longueur de la région 3' non traduite des ARNm DQA1." La Réunion, 2002. http://elgebar.univ-reunion.fr/login?url=http://thesesenligne.univ.run/02_14_Hoarau.pdf.
Full textOustric, Vincent. "Thérapie génique appliquée à la protoporphyrie érythropoïétique humaine : Correction d'un épissage alternatif anormal par l'utilisation d'oligonucléotides en antisens." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012VERS0022.
Full textDeleterious accumulation of protoporphyrin IX (PPIX) in erythroid cells can result from a partial deficiency in ferrochelatase (FECH) or from induction of ALAS2. Most protoporphyric patients (EPP) present in trans to a FECH gene mutation an IVS3-48C hypomorphic allele promoting a abnormal alternative splicing. The aberrantly spliced mRNA is degraded and contributes to a low FECH enzyme activity allowing EPP phenotypic expression. We have identified an antisense oligonucleotide (V1-ASO) which allows redirecting splicing from the cryptic to the physiological site. This V1-ASOmediated redirection allows reducing by 60% the PPIX overproduction in primary cultures of EPP erythroid progenitors.
Bonnard, Elisabeth. "Le Précurseur du neuropeptide FF A : expressions, maturation et pharmacologie fonctionnelle." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30013.
Full textLe, Tonquèze Olivier. "Identification des cibles de la protéine de liaison aux ARN CUGBP1, par séquençage massivement parallèle." Rennes 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN1S024.
Full textThe RNA binding protein CUGBP1 is involved in regulation of alternative splicing, mRNA stability and translation. These functions appear conserved across evolution and may lead to pathological conditions in situations of CUGBP1 gain or loss of function. In order to determine the real extent of the regulations by CUGBP1 we realised two different studies aimed at identifying the targets for CUGBP1. First, based on an in silico approaches, we identify the mRNA encoding the protein CD9 as a direct target for CUGBP1-mediated regulation. In the second study I developed a Cross-link ImmunoPrecipitation procedure for CUGBP1 in human cells and identified the in vivo binding sites and targets by SOLiD deep sequencing. The in vivo binding sites identified allow us to present a genome wide landscape of CUGBP1 binding targets. These targets are potentially dis-regulated in loss of function for CUGBP1. The binding sites identified should allow us to refine the prediction algorithms for CUGBP1 binding sites thereby permitting the identification of the CUGBP1 target in any cellular context. This approach may prove especially useful in conditions where CUGBP1 is either misexpressed or mislocalized
Eckenfelder, Agathe. "Perturbation de la maturation des ARN pré-messagers : biologie et applications thérapeutiques." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077148.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy is caused by mutations in the dystrophin gene that mostly disrupt the mRNA reading frame. Artificial exclusion of an exon is possible to restore the reading frame, giving rise to a shorter but functional protein. To induce exon skipping, antisense sequences directed against splice sites of pre-mRNA are used. These sequences can be attached to small nuclear RNAs, such as U7 or Ul improving their stability, and then be delivered usmg viral vectors to achieve long term correction. Our recent work has demonstrated that AAV and lentiviral vectors efficiently deliver antisense sequences for exon skipping in the skeletal muscle of mice, dogs, and in cells from Duchenne patients. This work has laid the foundation for clinical trials now in preparation but face the problem of large quantifies of vector to be administered. Several modifications can be envisaged to reduce the dose of vector including optimization of the expression levels of therapeutical U7snRNA. We modified two U7 cassettes, the U7DTex23 used for the skipping of exon 23 in the murine dystrophin pre-mRNA and the U7ex51 AONlongl spécifie of the skipping of exon 51 in the human dystrophin pre-mRNA. U7 cassettes in which a muscle specific enhancer has been added, or new cassettes based on RNAPIII transcriptional elements from the U6 or 7SK genes, have been produced. The new cassettes have been packaged into lentiviral or AAV2/1 vectors and tested in human myoblasts or following direct injection into the muscle of mdx mice respectively. The results show that the change of promoter does not allow expressing U7 whereas addition of the enhancer seems to increase U7 expression and exon skipping
Martin, Juliette. "Le Gene Agouti Bovin : Organisation Structurale et expression tissulaire : Production par génie génétique de trois variants protéiques." Limoges, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001LIMO0048.
Full textThe work presented in this report was begun within the framework of a research program for genetic markers of the French bovine species in association with INRA and UPRA. .
Tinguely, Aurélien. "Transcription et épissage des gènes d’immunoglobulines non-productifs : étude des mécanismes mis en jeu et de leur influence au cours du développement des lymphocytes B." Limoges, 2013. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/b0d0391d-810a-48dd-a69e-e2ecf79edf4e/blobholder:0/2013LIMO310I.pdf.
Full textDuring DNA rearrangements of variable immunoglobulin (Ig) segments, random V(D)J junctions increase the diversity of B cell primary repertoire. In two-third of the cases, these random junctions generate frameshift mutations that lead to the appearance of premature termination codons (PTC). If these PTC-containing Ig transcripts are translated, they could generate truncated proteins that could pose a threat to B cell development and function. Several studies including ours showed that non-productively rearranged Ig genes are actively transcribed, and that post-transcriptional regulation strongly downregulated their mRNA levels. The main issue of this work was to quantify the contribution of the RNA surveillance mechanisms involved in the decrease of non-productive Ig mRNA throughout B cell development. The study of RNA surveillance of IgH transcripts showed that productively and non-productively VDJ-rearranged alleles exhibit equivalent transcription. In addition, our results highlighted the cooperation of three different RNA surveillance mechanisms: NMUP (nonsense-mediated up-regulation of pre-mRNA), NAS (nonsense-associated altered splicing), and NMD (nonsense-mediated mRNA decay). We also demonstrated that IgH transcription and RNA splicing rates determine by which RNA surveillance mechanisms a B lymphocyte can get rid of nonproductive IgH mRNA. With regard to nonproductive Igκ transcripts, the study of NAS revealed the existence of a new checkpoint, the "TIE (Truncated-Ig Exclusion) checkpoint", that ensures counter-selection of plasma cells producing truncated Ig. Finally, we demonstrated that the proximity between I exon donor splice site and its promoter boost the germline transcription of the S region, and therefore its accessibility to AID during class switch recombination. In conclusion, our results showed active transcription of excluded alleles and a cooperation of RNA "quality control" mechanisms. In addition, data described here regarding the toxicity of truncated Ig in plasma cells could open new therapeutic perspectives for the treatment of myeloma patients
Jobert, Laure. "Analysis of the function of human TAF15 in the regulation of gene expression." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007STR13193.
Full textTAF15 (TBP-associated factor 15) forms with EWS (Ewing sarcoma) and TLS (translocated in liposarcoma) the TET protein family, whose genes are frequently translocated in human sarcomas. TAF15 has been identified on the basis of its association with a subpopulation of the general transcription factor TFIID and RNA polymerase II. We found by gene expression profiling that about 7. 5% of the genes were misregulated upon TAF15 knockdown. A detailed analysis of certain TAF15-regulated genes showed that TAF15 acts at the transcriptional level and is recruited on the transcripts of its target genes. Most importantly, TAF15 can form a novel complex with the spliceosomal small nuclear U1 RNA (U1 snRNA) that is distinct from the well-characterized small nuclear ribonucleoprotein U1 particle. Since TAF15 binds both the U1 snRNA and its target transcripts and also controls transcription of a specific set of genes, TAF15 may participate in the coupling of transcription and splicing on certain genes
Diallo, Modibo. "Contribution au diagnostic de l’albinisme : étude de variants d'épissage, recherche de variants régulateurs et étude du spectre génotypique au Mali." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0147.
Full textAlbinism is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous genetic condition characterized by a variable degree of hypopigmentation and ocular damage. Molecular diagnosis of albinism is based on systematic analysis of the 21 known genes for SNV and CNV. The diagnostic yield is around 70%. The aim of this thesis is to improve the diagnostic rate. In order to achieve this goal, we used an expanded NGS panel that includes all introns of the genes for the 5 most frequent forms of albinism, TYR, OCA2, SLC45A2, GPR143 and HPS1, and we have performed whole genome sequencing. In the first part we analyzed 23 patients from Mali. Patients had a moderate to severe oculocutaneous albinism phenotype. Diagnosis was obtained in all patients. OCA2 was the most frequent form (17/23, 74%), followed by OCA1 (4/23, 17%) and OCA4 (2/23, 9%). The deletion-insertion NM_000275.3:c.819_822delinsGGTC of OCA2 was the most frequently encountered. Four new variants have been identified, including 2 in TYR and 2 in OCA2. One of the new variants is a deep intronic variant that modifies OCA2 RNA splicing by the inclusion of a pseudo-exon. This study is the first report on the genotypic spectrum of albinism in a western sub-Saharan country. Part 2 of the thesis involved the analysis of splicing variants in 121 patients with a single pathogenic heterozygous variant. Among the variants tested (RT-PCR or minigenes), 9 variants showed an impact on splicing, causing either exon skipping or the inclusion of a pathogenic pseudoexon. This work enabled us to establish the diagnosis in 11 patients, representing an additional 9.1% of all unresolved patients included in this study. In Part 3 we highlighted 9 new rare variants in candidate enhancers of the OCA2 gene and a large deletion upstream of TYR, taking away two distal enhancers. These variants cannot yet explain the disease, as their pathogenicity must first be validated by functional tests, which are currently being optimized. In the final section, we performed exome analysis on 15 patients with no diagnosis. The diagnosis was rectified in 2 patients by the identification of pathogenic variants in TYR. A variant of interest was identified in the RAB9A, a candidate gene. However, functional tests are required to validate this variant. In TPCN2, a possible albinism gene, two interesting variants were identified, one requiring functional testing and the other already described as pathogenic, enabling us to establish the diagnosis in the patient
Le, Hir Maëva. "Développement de stratégies thérapeutiques de trans-épissage pour la maladie de Huntington et la dystrophie musculaire de Duchenne, et étude du maintien des vecteurs AAV dans un contexte musculaire dystrophique." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066294.
Full textDuchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is caused by mutations in DMD gene which abolish the synthesis of dystrophin protein (Dys). The modular structure of Dys allowed to imagine a therapeutic exon skipping strategy, in order to express a truncated but functional Dys. As all exons are not dispensable, a therapeutic trans-splicing strategy has been developed in the team to repair the end of DMD transcripts. Repaired transcripts and a small amount of dystrophin resulting from trans-spliced transcripts were detected in vivo. An exon exchange (EE) strategy was also developed, and showed its efficiency in vitro. It was then tested in vivo in wt and mdx mice by injections of AAV vectors encoding exon exchange molecules. The detection of AAV viral genomes (VG) revealed an important difference between VG copy numbers contained in wt vs mdx injected muscles, suggesting that degeneration/regeneration cycles characterising dystrophic muscles could cause a loss of VG. We studied AAV VG persistence in three models of DMD: mdx and double KO (DMD-/-UTRN-/-) mice, and GRMD dog. A loss of VG was observed in the three models: in the short term when the dose of therapeutic vector injected is unsufficient or when the vector is not therapeutic, and in the long term even when an optimal dose of therapeutic vector is injected. As therapeutic trans-splicing is relevant for dominant diseases, we developed a trans-splicing strategy to repair HTT transcripts, in which polyQ sequence expansion in exon 1 leads to Huntington disease. We developed pre-trans-splicing molecules and tested them in vitro: trans-spliced transcripts were detected in a reproducible way, but always in low amounts