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Journal articles on the topic 'Epistemic ambiguity'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 2 June 2025
Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Satta, Mark. "CONTEXTUALISM AND THE AMBIGUITY THEORY OF ‘KNOWS’." Episteme 17, no. 2 (2018): 209–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2018.36.

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ABSTRACTThe ambiguity theory of ‘knows’ is the view that ‘knows’ and its cognates have more than one sense, and that which sense of ‘knows’ is used in a knowledge ascription or denial determines, in part, the meaning (and as a result the truth conditions) of that knowledge ascription or denial. In this paper, I argue that the ambiguity theory of ‘knows’ ought to be taken seriously by those drawn to epistemic contextualism. In doing so I first argue that the ambiguity theory of ‘knows’ is a distinct view from epistemic contextualism. Second, I provide independent philosophical and linguistic co
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2

McGrath, Molly Brigid. "The Insidious Ambiguity of “Ideology”." Social Philosophy and Policy 41, no. 1 (2024): 62–83. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0265052524000323.

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AbstractThis essay identifies and explores three dominant intellectual traditions that critique and theorize about ideology: Marxist, prudentialist, and social scientific. For these traditions, the word ‘ideology’ names interest-serving rationalizations, pseudoscientific totalitarian zealotry, or political outlooks. The blending of these three specialized meanings has generated a colloquial sense of ideology that is philosophically untenable and damaging to political discourse. According to this colloquial sense, all thinking is ideological and we are all ideologues. In response, I instead off
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3

Hazlett, Allan. "WHAT DOES “EPISTEMIC” MEAN?" Episteme 13, no. 4 (2016): 539–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/epi.2016.29.

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ABSTRACTIn this paper I consider the meaning of the term “epistemic.” I discuss the idea that “epistemic” means “of or relating to knowledge,” and consider some uses of “epistemic” that do not jibe with this characterization of its meaning. I argue that “epistemic” is ambiguous: it is sometimes used to mean “of or relating to knowledge” and sometimes to mean “of or relating to belief.” I raise some worries about this ambiguity, and sympathetically consider the prospects for eliminating “epistemic” from our philosophical lexicon.
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Abraham, Kavi Joseph. "What is race? Epistemic ambiguity and liberal international order." International Affairs 100, no. 4 (2024): 1615–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ia/iiae129.

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Abstract There is increasing interest in how anticolonial actors advanced a norm of racial equality in mid-century formations of liberal international order (LIO). Less attention, however, is afforded to simultaneous epistemic conflicts over the scientific object of ‘race’ and their political effects. During postwar order-building and alongside political struggles for racial equality, there was wide and deep scientific debate on the analytical utility of race as a means to categorize human diversity. Race, I demonstrate, was rendered as epistemically ambiguous, caught between social scientists
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Kozlova, Natalya Yu. "On the Epistemic Functionality of Language." Epistemology & Philosophy of Science 62, no. 2 (2025): 89–105. https://doi.org/10.5840/eps202562224.

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This article seeks to broaden the scope of research on contemporary neurocognitive approaches to language comprehension by examining it through the lens of linguistic-philosophical analysis, with a focus on its epistemic functionality. The central issue addressed is the linguistic “assembly” of meaning – that is, how language structures perceptual experience and shapes the cognitive intentions of the subject. The study explores key features of natural language functioning, including epistemic focus, semantic ambiguity, and unconscious processing. Through an analysis of meaning differentiation
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Freitas, Raquel Coelho de, and Luciana Nogueira Nóbrega. "Epistemic indignation and decolonization of the concept of minorities." Revista Direito e Práxis 14, no. 3 (2023): 1742–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2179-8966/2022/62119i.

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Abstract This paper proposes the epistemic indignation as a logical and decolonizing way to reflect on the concept of minorities in contemporary Law. Using bibliographic research and analyzing the social history of the concept of minorities, we seek to demonstrate its ambiguity: while recognizing rights, it hides power relations which create, reinforce and update social, economic and epistemic injustices.
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Frana, Ilaria, and Kyle Rawlins. "Unconditional concealed questions and Heim's ambiguity." Semantics and Linguistic Theory 21 (September 3, 2011): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/salt.v21i0.2623.

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In this paper, we investigate Concealed Questions (CQs) in the context of headed unconditionals. We observe that although CQs are licensed in unconditionals, the distribution of readings involved in Heim’s Ambiguity (Heim 1979) does not match that found in attitude contexts. Furthermore, the distribution of readings varies by verb class (epistemic vs. communication verbs). We propose that unconditional concealed questions involve questions derived from the denotation of the DP via a specially devised type-shifter, and show how this can block the unwanted readings in exactly the right cases. He
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8

Gearin, Alex K. "On the ambiguity of psychedelic awe in China." Anthropology Today 39, no. 6 (2023): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8322.12849.

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Psychology research frequently portrays the epistemic emotion of wonder as an intrinsic good. However, anthropologists highlight that social contexts shape its ambiguous political and moral potential. This concise article explores the awe‐inspiring DMT experience of a Chinese psychedelic user, which involves a humiliating encounter with a cosmic surveillance state. Analogous to the mood of wonder, the ambiguity inherent to psychedelic states originates from an existential vulnerability. This openness facilitates a wide range of potential social, moral, and psychological projects.
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9

Ilkhanipour, Negin. "Tense and modality in the nominal domain." Linguistica 56, no. 1 (2016): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/linguistica.56.1.143-160.

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It is well discussed in the literature that epistemic modals (Mod epis) are base-generated higher than Tense (T), while non-epistemic/root modals (Mod root) are base-generated lower than T, and that high modals are evaluated in the context of the speech event (i.e., with regard to the speaker at the speech time), whereas low modals are evaluated in the context of the VP event (with regard to an argument at the event time). In this study, looking with favour upon the presence of tense and modal functional projections in the nominal domain, and following the idea that adjectives are basegenerate
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10

Jeong, Sunwoo. "QUD effects on epistemic containment principle." ZAS Papers in Linguistics 60 (January 1, 2018): 487–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.21248/zaspil.60.2018.478.

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The Epistemic Containment Principle (ECP) requires that epistemic modals takewider scope than strong quantifiers such as every or most (von Fintel and Iatridou, 2003). Althoughfairly robust in its realization, a few systemic classes of counterexamples to the ECPhave been noted. Based on these, previous work has argued for two claims: subjective modalsobey the ECP, whereas objective ones don’t (Tancredi, 2007; Anand and Hacquard, 2008); andevery respects the ECP, whereas each violates it (Tancredi, 2007). This paper argues that explicitQuestions Under Discussion (QUDs; Roberts, 1996; Ginzburg,
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11

Koszowy, Marcin, and Douglas Walton. "Epistemic and deontic authority in the argumentum ad verecundiam." Pragmatics and Society 10, no. 2 (2019): 287–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.16051.kos.

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Abstract The aim of this paper is to elaborate tools that would allow us to analyse arguments from authority and guard against fallacious uses of them. To accomplish this aim, we extend the list of existing argumentation schemes representing arguments from authority. For this purpose, we formulate a new argumentation scheme for argument from deontic authority along with a matching set of critical questions used to evaluate it. We argue that clarifying the ambiguity between arguments from epistemic and deontic authority helps building a better explanation of the informal fallacy of appeal to au
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12

Ruebeck, Joshua B., Piers Lillystone та Joseph Emerson. "ψ-epistemic interpretations of quantum theory have a measurement problem". Quantum 4 (16 березня 2020): 242. http://dx.doi.org/10.22331/q-2020-03-16-242.

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ψ-epistemic interpretations of quantum theory maintain that quantum states only represent incomplete information about the physical states of the world. A major motivation for this view is the promise to provide a reasonable account of state update under measurement by asserting that it is simply a natural feature of updating incomplete statistical information. Here we demonstrate that all known ψ-epistemic ontological models of quantum theory in dimension d≥3, including those designed to evade the conclusion of the PBR theorem, cannot represent state update correctly. Conversely, interpretati
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13

Kirkwood, Kenneth William. "Of Luck Both Epistemic and Moral in Questions of Doping and Non-Doping." ETHICS IN PROGRESS 11, no. 1 (2020): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/eip.2020.1.4.

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This article is a case study of a question of possible doping and how our insights into our moral judgements about doping are subject to considerations of both moral, but more presciently, epistemic luck. The eternal ambiguity surrounding the prevalence of doping, and its impact on high-level sport make this question entirely relevant for our discussions about the ethics of performanceenhancement in sport.
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14

Ntim, Stephen. "Epistemic Curiosity, Conceptual Ambiguity and Cognitive Conflict: Do these Implicate Students Exploratory Behavior?" Psychology and Cognitive Sciences – Open Journal 3, no. 4 (2017): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17140/pcsoj-3-135.

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15

Hall, Nina. "What is adaptation to climate change? Epistemic ambiguity in the climate finance system." International Environmental Agreements: Politics, Law and Economics 17, no. 1 (2017): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10784-016-9345-6.

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16

Kravčenko, Dmitrijs, and Anja Overgaard Thomassen. "Guest editorial: Organizational learning, collaboration and distributed work in times of epistemic ambiguity." Journal of Workplace Learning 35, no. 3 (2023): 245–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jwl-04-2023-197.

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17

Olegovna, Kostina O. "Virtue Epistemology: Normativity, Conceptual Polarization and Some New Insights." Chelovek 33, no. 2 (2022): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s023620070019515-3.

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The influence of Willard Quine’s radical naturalistic approach, ambiguity in estimation of methodological naturalism and its role for philosophy, along with the challenging Gettier problem, all led to a fundamental revision of normativity in analytic epistemology. Intellectual virtues used as the basis of epistemic process broaden the horizon of epistemological research, while allowing the incorporation of norms and values into its subject field. Still, the scope of intellectual virtues underlying the concept of normativity is seen quite differently by the researchers of this interdisciplinary
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18

Farkas, Johan, and Sabina Schousboe. "Facts, values, and the epistemic authority of journalism: How journalists use and define the terms fake news, junk news, misinformation, and disinformation." Nordicom Review 45, no. 1 (2024): 137–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/nor-2024-0016.

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Abstract In this article, we examine how journalists try to uphold ideals of objectivity, clarity, and epistemic authority when using four overlapping terms: fake news, junk news, misinformation, and disinformation. Drawing on 16 qualitative interviews with journalists in Denmark, our study finds that journalists struggle to convert the ideals of clarity and objectivity into a coherent conceptual practice. Across interviews, journalists disagree on which concepts to use and how to define them, accusing academics of producing too technical definitions, politicians of diluting meaning, and journ
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19

Ramos Zincke, Claudio. "Poverty as epistemic object of government: State cognitive equipment and social science operations." Social Science Information 54, no. 1 (2014): 91–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0539018414556178.

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This article studies the interrelation of the epistemic dimension of the State with the operation of social science embedded in institutional spaces of government and its effects on the process of production of social-science knowledge, conditioning its decisions. The reported study is based on the process of poverty measurement as conducted by the Chilean government. In this process, poverty appears as an object created and used not only as a scientific object of academic inquiry, but simultaneously as an epistemic object of government constituted by the State, and used for regulatory interve
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20

Rovati, João Farias. "Urbanismo versus Planejamento Urbano?" Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais 15, no. 1 (2013): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.2013v15n1p33.

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O uso dos termos urbanismo e planejamento urbano é frequentemente ambíguo. O artigo examina como se expressa essa ambiguidade na pós-graduação brasileira. A hipótese é que o problema obscurece a existência de campos epistêmicos distintos, gera divergências incongruentes e dificulta a cooperação entre conhecimento, saberes e profissões que de fato não se opõem, mas são complementares. Palavras-chave: urbanismo; planejamento urbano; campos epistêmicos; conhecimentos; profissões. Abstract: The use of the terms urbanismo and planejamento urbano is frequently very ambiguous. This article discusses
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21

Ozyumenko, Vladimir. "Social Reality Formation in Media Discourse: Information Ambiguity Strategy." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 2. Jazykoznanije, no. 3 (November 2019): 64–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu2.2019.3.5.

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Modern media have become an important ideological tool in conveying and forming a certain view of the world and attitude towards it. While complying with the interests of the power structures, they shape public opinion by means of increasingly sophisticated media technologies and techniques. The article introduces multilevel means of creating ambiguity of a media text: verbs with the semantic component 'without proof', lexical units with semantics of uncertainty, means of expressing epistemic modality, interrogative headings, etc. The regular use of these means observed in the media enables th
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22

Öhman, Carl. "A theory of temporal telepresence: Reconsidering the digital time collapse." Time & Society 29, no. 4 (2020): 1061–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961463x20940471.

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This article focuses on the concept of ‘time collapse’ commonly used within scholarship on digital memory. Despite its intuitive appeal, I claim that the notion of a collapsed time leaves considerable room for conceptual ambiguity, which in turn hampers a deeper ethical analysis of the topic. In view of this ambiguity, the present article sets out to provide analytical rigor to, and thus unpack the ethical dimensions of, the notion of time collapse. Pursuing this goal, I introduce the concept of temporal friction, denoting informational resistance that makes moments of time perceivable as sepa
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23

Istiqomah, Istiqomah. "MENGKAJI RELASI AGAMA DAN MOTIVASI EPISTEMIK." Biopsikososial: Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Mercubuana Jakarta 6, no. 2 (2022): 730. http://dx.doi.org/10.22441/biopsikososial.v6i2.18039.

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Religion functions adaptively and helps provide a sense of coherence, control, and reduces ambiguity. Some Muslims are described as believing in and understanding Islamic teachings as a comprehensive (total) guide in all aspects of life including political and state life. The research aims to determine the relationship between Islamic totalism and epistemic motivation (need for cognitive closure). Through a non-experimental survey of 376 Muslim students in Jakarta, Bogor, Depok, Tangerang, Bekasi (Jabodetabek) with measuring instruments of Islamic totalism and need for cognitive closure. The r
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24

Mifka-Profozic, Nadia, David O’Reilly, and Juan Guo. "Sensitivity to syntactic violation and semantic ambiguity in English modal verbs: A self-paced reading study." Applied Psycholinguistics 41, no. 5 (2020): 1017–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0142716420000338.

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AbstractThe present study is, to our knowledge, the first self-paced reading experiment to investigate the effects of syntactic violation and semantic ambiguity on processing English modal auxiliaries. Forty undergraduate students, native speakers of English, took part in the study and read 36 target sentences, each containing a modal verb in context. Two of the most frequent English modals, can and may, were used in three distinct categories of modal expression: agent-oriented/ability, epistemic possibility, and speaker-oriented/permission. The two modal auxiliaries were manipulated such that
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Larina, Tatiana, Vladimir Ozyumenko, and Douglas Mark Ponton. "Persuasion strategies in media discourse about Russia: Linguistic ambiguity and uncertainty." Lodz Papers in Pragmatics 15, no. 1 (2019): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/lpp-2019-0002.

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Abstract The paper explores the role of the media in influencing public opinion from an inferential-pragmatic perspective. It presents preliminary results of the study focused on representation of Russia in Western newspapers. Drawing on Critical Discourse Analysis (Fairclough 1995,2001; van Dijk 2009) and media linguistics (Fowler 1991, Richardson 2007, among others) the study centres around the linguistic means of construing ambiguity/uncertainty, viewed as a strategy of persuasion. We mostly focus on the semantics of certain groups of words and other textual features such as indefinite pron
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Shavit, Ayelet, and Yael Silver. "“To Infinity and Beyond!”: Inner Tensions in Global Knowledge Infrastructures Lead to Local and Pro-active ‘Location’ Information." Science & Technology Studies 29, no. 4 (2016): 31–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.60222.

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We follow two biodiversity knowledge infrastructures that hold conceptual and practical inner tensions, and we argue that some of these diffi culties emerge from overlooking local information and different understandings of the term location. The ambiguity emerges from two basic concepts of space – exogenous and interactionist – that are both necessary yet readily suggest inconsistent practices – global standardization and local fl exibility – to organize location records. Researchers in both infrastructures fi rst standardized, digitized and globalized their records, then discovered inner ten
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27

Virovec, Viktória. "The modal analysis of the Hungarian future auxiliary fog ‘will, be going to’." Journal of Uralic Linguistics 3, no. 1 (2024): 87–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jul.00027.vir.

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Abstract In this paper it is argued that the Hungarian future auxiliary fog is a modal rather than a temporal operator. As opposed to previous findings in the literature, the paper claims that it can be used when the proposition is inferred, therefore it can have an epistemic modal base. The results of a questionnaire study and introspective data are presented to support this claim. Based on these data, it is argued that the distributional difference between fog and the non-past cannot be explained by the presence or absence of temporal ambiguity only, the choice also depends on the context. N
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28

Brandmayr, Federico. "Are Theories Politically Flexible?" Sociological Theory 39, no. 2 (2021): 103–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/07352751211016036.

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Social theories are politically flexible if people use them to support opposite political claims. But is this even possible? And what kind of theories have such a property? Moving beyond epistemological debates about neutrality and value-leadenness, this article defends an empirical approach to the study of flexible and rigid political uses of social theories. I identify two main sources of flexibility: endogenous properties of theories, notably their generality, ambiguity, and neutrality, and exogenous features of the contexts in which they are used and of the individuals who use them, notabl
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29

Mason, Gail. "Fear and Hope: Author's Response." Hypatia 21, no. 2 (2006): 196–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2006.tb01102.x.

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This response seeks to pick up on the key questions and concerns raised by Nancy C. M. Hartsock and Karen Houle in their critiques of The Spectacle of Violence. I mold my response around two emotions that are never far from the question of violence: fear and hope. Is it fear of ambiguity that stops us from delicately blending the experiential with the discursive, the nodal with the circular, the corporeal with the epistemic, or the oppressive with the constitutive? If so, we can only hope that the power of such ambivalence lies in its ability to unsettle these treasured lines of force.
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Poks, Małgorzata. "Epistemic Disobedience and Decolonial Healing in Norma Elía Cantú’s Canícula." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 50, no. 2-3 (2015): 63–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2015-0024.

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Abstract Using the U.S.-Mexican border as the place of enunciation, Cantú’s autoethnobiographical novel insists on the materiality of the border, especially for those living on its southern side, while simultaneously deconstructing it as artificial - a line splitting families and assigning nationalities on an arbitrary basis. Being a collage of photographs from the time the writer was growing up in southern Texas and the cuentos inspired by these visuals, Cantú’s Canícula documents how border crossings and re-crossings become symptomatic of living in a liminal space and how they destabilize th
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Mason, Qrescent Mali. "#BlackGirlMagic as Resistant Imaginary." Hypatia 36, no. 4 (2021): 706–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/hyp.2021.48.

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AbstractThis article concerns itself with the ways that Black women have taken up #BlackGirlMagic as a critical reimagining of their subject positionalities as Black women. I argue that #BlackGirlMagic is a resistant imaginary that has significantly altered the contemporary western social imaginary and suggest that the intersectional ambiguity that Black women animate builds community among Black women toward collective liberation. Bringing together Kimberlé Crenshaw's concept of intersectionality, Simone de Beauvoir's concept of ambiguity, and María Lugones's concept of oppressed←→resisting s
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32

Kozlova, Natalya Yu. "The indeterminancy of meaning: on the connection between ontological reality, nonsense, and linguistic criticism." Semiotic studies 5, no. 1 (2025): 31–37. https://doi.org/10.18287/2782-2966-2025-5-1-31-37.

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The article analyzes the problem of semantic ambiguity. It reveals a correlation between ontological reality, nonsense, and language criticism in the context of the relationship between language and subjectivity. The idea of semantic ambiguity as a basic characteristic of language, indicating its semantic openness and incompleteness, is considered. The problem of giving meaning is analyzed, which leads to the conclusion that recognizing the semantic incompleteness of language calls into question ontological reality as the main criterion for the meaningfulness of an utterance and shifts the emp
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Mudde, Anna. "“Before You Formed in the Womb I Knew You”: Sex Selection and Spaces of Ambiguity." Hypatia 25, no. 3 (2010): 553–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1527-2001.2010.01111.x.

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The spaces provided by biotechnologies of sex selection are rich with epistemological, ontological, and ethical considerations that speak to broadly held social values and epistemic frameworks. In much of the discourse about sex selection that is not medically indicated, the figure of the “naturally” conceived (future) child is treated as a problem for parents who want to select the sex of their child. As unknown, that child is ambiguous in terms of sex—“it” is both and neither, and might be the “wrong” sex. Drawing on Beauvoirean thinking about ambiguity and desire, I cast part of the desire
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Greco, Paolo. "On the Political Use of the Reportative Conditional in Italian Newspapers." Anuari de Filologia. Estudis de Lingüística 10 (December 18, 2020): 105–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/afel.2020.10.5.

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The labels condizionale riportivo (reportative conditional) or condizionale citativo (quotative conditional) are employed to describe certain uses of the conditional mood in Italian, particularly when the conditional marks the non-firsthand nature of a given piece of information. This use of the conditional is particularly frequent in the language of newspapers. However, reportative conditionals may also carry epistemic overtones, and they are used by speakers when they want to stress that they are not committed to the truthfulness of the information reported. Depending on the context, a repor
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Kozlova, Natalya Yurjevna. "Rhetoric of Science: On the Conceptual Origins of One Oxymoron and the Possibilities to Overcome It." Философская мысль, no. 5 (May 2025): 58–67. https://doi.org/10.25136/2409-8728.2025.5.74002.

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Despite the obviousness of the rhetorical basis of scientific discourse, the idea of the rhetoric of science is one of the most controversial and paradoxical - the combination of "rhetoric of science" is often perceived as an oxymoron. In the article, using hermeneutic reflection, as well as logical and analytical methods developed within the framework of modern epistemology of the humanities, the conceptual sources of this perception are analyzed and the possibilities for overcoming it are identified. The idea is developed according to which the negative attitude to rhetorical elements in sci
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Pérez, Arnulfo. "A Framework for Computational Thinking Dispositions in Mathematics Education." Journal for Research in Mathematics Education 49, no. 4 (2018): 424–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/jresematheduc.49.4.0424.

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This theoretical article describes a framework to conceptualize computational thinking (CT) dispositions—tolerance for ambiguity, persistence, and collaboration—and facilitate integration of CT in mathematics learning. CT offers a powerful epistemic frame that, by foregrounding core dispositions and practices useful in computer science, helps students understand mathematical concepts as outward oriented. The article conceptualizes the characteristics of CT dispositions through a review of relevant literature and examples from a study that explored secondary mathematics teachers' engagement wit
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37

Ewara, Eyo. "“I Understand That I Will Never Understand”: White Ignorance, Anti-Racism, and the Right to Opacity." Critical Philosophy of Race 12, no. 2 (2024): 292–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/critphilrace.12.2.0292.

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ABSTRACT This article offers a philosophical exploration of, and critical engagement with, the antiracist slogan “I understand that I will never understand. However, I stand.” Drawing on Charles Mills’s discussions of white ignorance and Édouard Glissant’s conception of the “right to opacity,” it first offers several interpretations and philosophical reconstructions of the claim that white allies “understand that they will never understand,” reading this as potentially articulating either an epistemic failure or a kind of ethical self-limitation. It then draws on the work of Saidiya Hartman to
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Naji Abed, Asst Lect Safa, and Prof Dr Salih Mahdi Adai AlMamoory. "A Psycho-Pragmatic Study of Superstition in Literary Texts." April-May 2024, no. 43 (April 9, 2024): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jlls.43.11.25.

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The present study investigates the concept of superstition in some literary texts from a psycho-pragmatic view. It aims to present the conceptualization of the superstition in literary texts by employing psycho-pragmatic tools as implicatures, specch acts, items of relevance theory, perceptual organizations and types of deictic expressions. It comes up with two types of superstition which are causal and coincidental in which pledges, condemnation, request, states, description speech act have been used; scopal, epistemic, existential, partitive, and privatalization are utilized as relevance ite
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Tollan, Rebecca, and Bilge Palaz. "What Does That Mean? Complementizers and Epistemic Authority." Open Mind 8 (2024): 366–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00135.

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Abstract A core goal of research in language is to understand the factors that guide choice of linguistic form where more than one option is syntactically well-formed. We discuss one case of optionality that has generated longstanding discussion: the choice of either using or dropping the English complementizer that in sentences like I think (that) the cat followed the dog. Existing psycholinguistic analyses tie that-usage to production pressures associated with sentence planning (Ferreira & Dell, 2000), avoidance of ambiguity (Hawkins, 2004), and relative information density (Jaeger, 2010
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Yazdi, Mohammad, Noorbakhsh Amiri Golilarz, Kehinde Adewale Adesina, and Arman Nedjati. "Probabilistic Risk Analysis of Process Systems Considering Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainties: A Comparison Study." International Journal of Uncertainty, Fuzziness and Knowledge-Based Systems 29, no. 02 (2021): 181–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218488521500098.

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The fault tree analysis (FTA) is one of the important probabilistic risk assessment tools that is extensively used in different industrial applications. However, the classical FTA has been widely criticized due to its ambiguity and vagueness in finding the probability of basic events (BEs), and accordingly, in computing the probability of top events (TEs). In this paper, we propose a new approach considering the integration of fuzzy set theory and evidence theory for handling both types of uncertainties, i.e., epistemic and aleatory. In addition, to estimate the probability of TEs alternativel
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Cheng, Lu. "Demystifying Algorithmic Fairness in an Uncertain World." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 38, no. 20 (2024): 22662. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v38i20.30278.

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Significant progress in the field of fair machine learning (ML) has been made to counteract algorithmic discrimination against marginalized groups. However, fairness remains an active research area that is far from settled. One key bottleneck is the implicit assumption that environments, where ML is developed and deployed, are certain and reliable. In a world that is characterized by volatility, uncertainty, complexity, and ambiguity, whether what has been developed in algorithmic fairness can still serve its purpose is far from obvious. In this talk, I will first discuss how to improve algori
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Lõbus, Triin. "Võimalikkus hispaania keele modaalverbi poder ja eesti keele modaalverbide semantikas. Tõlkevastete analüüs." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2016): 125–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2016.7.2.06.

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Kokkuvõte. Artiklis uuritakse episteemilist modaalsust hispaania ja eesti keele võimalikkusmodaalverbide semantikas. Võrdlus lähtub hispaania keele modaalverbist poder, vaadeldes selle episteemilise kasutuse tõlkevasteid ilukirjandusteostes. Analüüsi aluseks on episteemilise modaalsuse tähendusala täpsem määratlemine. Prototüüpset kõnelejakeskset (subjektiivset) võimalikkushinnangut eristatakse objektiivsest situatsioonilisest võimalikkusest, mis on episteemilise/mitte-episteemilise modaalsuse piiripealne vaheaste. See eristus võimaldab modaalverbide tähendusalasid paremini eritleda ja omavahe
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Hauswald, Rico. "Non-Tethered Understanding and Scientific Pluralism." Journal for General Philosophy of Science 52, no. 3 (2021): 371–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10838-020-09547-x.

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AbstractI examine situations in which we say that different subjects have ‘different’, ‘competing’, or ‘conflicting understandings’ of a phenomenon. In order to make sense of such situations, we should turn our attention to an often neglected ambiguity in the word ‘understanding’. Whereas the notion of understanding that is typically discussed in philosophy is, to use Elgin’s terms, tethered to the facts, there is another notion of understanding that is not tethered in the same way. This latter notion is relevant because, typically, talk of two subjects having ‘different’, ‘competing’, or ‘con
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Yasin, Miroslav I. "COGNITIVE CLOSURE CONCEPT: HISTORY AND RELEVANT NOTIONS." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 1 (2020): 174–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-1-174-181.

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In this article a theoretical investigation of the concept of cognitive closure including the historical involvement of research on this issue and an analysis of the relevant notions is presented. The concept of cognitive closure is considered from a historical point of view – concepts and theories that logically lead to the issue of studying cognitive styles and cognitive closure in particular are given. Such notions as ambiguity intolerance, certainty orientation, desire for a simple cognitive structure, dogmatism, fundamentalism and rigidity of thought are presented to be closely related to
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Llaveria Caselles, Eric. "Contours of a Historical Materialist Theory of Transsexuality." TSQ 11, no. 2 (2024): 239–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/23289252-11215483.

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Abstract This article proposes to engage with the etiological question haunting the transsexual subject as a sociogenic project of identifying and analyzing relevant problematizations of transsexuality. The article elaborates on the social contexts of the biomedical, sociological, and genealogical problematizations of transsexuality, critically assessing their onto-epistemic stances and political fields. Building on the limitations of these three problematizations, the article projects a fourth problematization drawing from Marxist-feminist approaches. To this end, it engages critically with f
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Guenther, Mathias. "Therianthropes in a Cartesian and an Animistic Cosmology: Beyond-the-Pale Monsters versus Being-in-the World Others." Literatura Ludowa 66, no. 3 (2022): 7–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.12775/ll.3.2022.001.

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The nature of human-animal hybrid beings (or therianthropes) is examined in an Animistic (traditional San Bushman) and a Cartesian (Early Modern Western) cosmology. In each ontological ambiguity is imagined and conceptualized in different terms. One of them is through monstrosity, which, in the Western schema, is equated with human-animal hybridity. This equivalence threatens the boundaries and categories that buttress western cosmology, through a being – the human-animal hybrid – deemed a conceptual and epistemological abomination. It elicits a category crisis that is as much cerebral as it i
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Shnurovska, L. V. "Dynamics of Semantic and Pragmatic Framework of Modal Proposition: Linguistic and Cognitive Aspects." Scientific Journal of National Pedagogical Dragomanov University. Series 9. Current Trends in Language Development, no. 17 (August 21, 2018): 135–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.31392/npu-nc.series9.2018.17.10.

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The article outlines the linguocognitive background for semantic and pragmatic structural dynamics of the modal proposition in planes of relevance, ambiguity, force dynamics, as well as possible worlds theories. The integrated theoretical approaches entailed the development of a relatively admissible algorithm for interpreting the modal values in a vast number of pragmatic frameworks. Due to the algorithm, a modal proposition incorporates a logical relation and a propositional domain. Logical relation integrates semantic denotation and pragmatic implication and presupposition into the linguist
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Ricciardi, Giuseppe, and Joshua Martin. "Accounting for variability in the truth-evaluation of bare epistemic possibility statement." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 7, no. 1 (2022): 5249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v7i1.5249.

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It is hotly debated whose perspective is relevant for defining the truth-value of bare epistemic possibility statements: the utterer or the assessor. Central to this debate are findings on truth-value judgments of ‘might p’ statements in “eavesdropping” scenarios where the statement is appropriately asserted from the point of view of the speaker but does not correspond to how in reality things are. We offer findings from two studies suggesting that in these scenarios English speakers disagree on the truth-value not only of ‘might p’ but also, surprisingly, of bare ‘p’. We argue that underlying
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Stepanovic-Todorovic, Sanja. "The meaning and the scope of the separability thesis between morals and law." Theoria, Beograd 47, no. 3-4 (2004): 65–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo0404065s.

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This paper analyzes possible meanings and implications of the separability thesis (between morals and law) mainly within the context of the Hart Dworkin debate. The separability thesis was first brought into connection with the 'soft-positivism', that was expounded on the presumption of compatibility between basic positivistic statements and moral principles i.e. values. The analysis shows that Dworkin was not in fact disputing with the separability thesis, but with the more radical version of the hard fact positivism. It is found that Hart supported one additional version of the separabiity t
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Lapidow, Elizabeth, and Elizabeth Bonawitz. "What’s in the Box? Preschoolers Consider Ambiguity, Expected Value, and Information for Future Decisions in Explore-Exploit Tasks." Open Mind 7 (2023): 855–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/opmi_a_00110.

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Abstract Self-directed exploration in childhood appears driven by a desire to resolve uncertainties in order to learn more about the world. However, in adult decision-making, the choice to explore new information rather than exploit what is already known takes many factors beyond uncertainty (such as expected utilities and costs) into account. The evidence for whether young children are sensitive to complex, contextual factors in making exploration decisions is limited and mixed. Here, we investigate whether modifying uncertain options influences explore-exploit behavior in preschool-aged chil
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