Relevant bibliographies by topics / Epistemic states

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Epistemic states'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Epistemic states"

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Ma, Jianbing, Weiru Liu, and Salem Benferhat. "A belief revision framework for revising epistemic states with partial epistemic states." International Journal of Approximate Reasoning 59 (April 2015): 20–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2015.01.003.

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Hookway, Christopher. "Affective States and Epistemic Immediacy." Metaphilosophy 34, no. 1‐2 (January 2003): 78–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9973.00261.

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Jenkin, Zoe. "The Epistemic Role of Core Cognition." Philosophical Review 129, no. 2 (April 1, 2020): 251–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00318108-8012850.

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According to a traditional picture, perception and belief have starkly different epistemic roles. Beliefs have epistemic statuses as justified or unjustified, depending on how they are formed and maintained. In contrast, perceptions are “unjustified justifiers.” Core cognition is a set of mental systems that stand at the border of perception and belief, and has been extensively studied in developmental psychology. Core cognition's borderline states do not fit neatly into the traditional epistemic picture. What is the epistemic role of these states? Focusing on the core object system, the author argues that core object representations have epistemic statuses like beliefs do, despite their many prototypically perceptual features. First, the author argues that it is a sufficient condition on a mental state's having an epistemic status as justified or unjustified that the state is based on reasons. Then the author argues that core object representations are based on reasons, through an examination of both experimental results and key markers of the basing relation. The scope of mental states that are subject to epistemic evaluation as justified or unjustified is not restricted to beliefs.
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Meyer, Timothy. "Epistemic Institutions and Epistemic Cooperation in International Environmental Governance." Transnational Environmental Law 2, no. 1 (March 18, 2013): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102513000010.

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AbstractUnder what conditions should epistemic institutions (institutions that provide policy-relevant scientific advice) be integrated into international legal institutions – for example, the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change? Following work in law and economics on the theory of the firm, this article argues that where states will not implement environmental policies absent a collective decision to do so, greater hierarchical control of epistemic institutions by legal institutions may be necessary to ensure the credibility and availability of a usable scientific record. Hierarchy creates credibility because it allows all states necessary for cooperation in the legal institution to oversee the production of the scientific record that provides the basis for international legal rules. Hierarchy thus enhances the effectiveness of international law as a coordination tool, even at the expense of the autonomy of the scientific process. By contrast, where collective action is not necessary because states will unilaterally regulate an environmental problem once scientific uncertainty has been reduced, epistemic and legal institutions should be fragmented to ensure the unbiased production and dissemination of scientific information. In such situations, the credibility of the scientific record is demonstrated by decentralized adoption of science-based regulation.
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Lane, Melissa. "States of Nature, Epistemic and Political." Proceedings of the Aristotelian Society 99, no. 2 (January 1999): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-9264.00055.

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Letheby, Chris. "The epistemic innocence of psychedelic states." Consciousness and Cognition 39 (January 2016): 28–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.concog.2015.11.012.

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Rahman, AKMMahbubur, ASM Iftekhar Anam, and Mohammed Yeasin. "Robust modeling of epistemic mental states." Multimedia Tools and Applications 79, no. 47-48 (June 16, 2020): 35785–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11042-020-09145-5.

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Maher, Paul J., Wijnand A. P. Van Tilburg, and Eric R. Igou. "Lost in Multidimensional Space: Epistemic Motivations Define and Distinguish Negative Affect." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 45, no. 9 (March 12, 2019): 1409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167219833395.

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People’s knowledge of the world is limited and frequently imprecise. Thus, epistemic challenges are commonplace and much research in psychology has investigated their consequences. However, research has not systematically investigated how states of negative affect correspond to the desire for understanding and meaning in life. We investigated the role of epistemic motivations (e.g., meaning search) as features that distinguish forms of negative affect from one another. In three studies, we used multidimensional scaling to model the perceived similarity of negative affect states and then examined to what extent people differentiate these states based on their association with epistemic motivations. These studies revealed that negative states are reliably differentiated through their relation to epistemic pursuits. These findings were verified in a fourth study in which we experimentally induced epistemic affect. Overall, these results indicate that epistemic concerns characterize states of negative affect to a substantial degree.
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Ch. Meyer, J. J., and W. van der Hoek. "A DEFAULT LOGIC BASED ON EPISTEMIC STATES." Fundamenta Informaticae 23, no. 1 (1995): 33–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/fi-1995-2312.

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Skotiniotis, Michael, Aidan Roy, and Barry C. Sanders. "On the epistemic view of quantum states." Journal of Mathematical Physics 49, no. 8 (August 2008): 082103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2966133.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epistemic states"

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Guadarrama, Juan Carlos Acosta. "On updates of epistemic states: belief chance under incomplete information." Clausthal-Zellerfeld Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal, 2010. http://d-nb.info/999823132/34.

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Guadarrama, Juan Carlos Acosta [Verfasser]. "On updates of epistemic states: belief chance under incomplete information / Juan Carlos Acosta Guadarrama." Clausthal-Zellerfeld : Universitätsbibliothek Clausthal, 2010. http://d-nb.info/999823132/34.

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Keenan, Gregory William. "An Inquiry Into the Moral Significance of Doxastic and Epistemic States: Examining the Circumstantial Element of Moral Obligation." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2011. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/156.

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This thesis explores the moral significance of agent beliefs and epistemic states. In particular it will explore the following question: is an agent's moral obligation a function of her actual circumstances, what she believes those circumstances to be, or what her evidence indicates those circumstances are? Three corresponding views are explored and it is argued that each of these views is subject to one of two substantial worries, which are developed in this thesis (i.e. the manipulation worry and the unreasonableness worry).
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Dotterweich, Lisa J. "Who Knows What?: A Study of the Role of Epistemic Communities in the Making of the No Child Left Behind Act." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1238700803.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2009.
Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Nov. 13, 2009). Advisor: Tom Hensley. Keywords: No Child Left Behind Act, NCLB, epistemic communities, Antoniades, education policy. Includes bibliographical references (p. 213-223).
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Bostic, Sarah E. "Classism, Ableism, and the Rise of Epistemic Injustice Against White, Working-Class Men." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1559238446980086.

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Anderson, J. N. "Paradox in Christian theology : its presence, character, and epistemic status." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/18277.

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It is commonly claimed that certain tenets and doctrines of the Christian faith are paradoxical, that is, they give the appearance (at least) of logical inconsistency. In addition to alleged conceptual problems with classical theism, certain distinctively Christian doctrines – most notably, the doctrine of the Trinity and the doctrine of the Incarnation – have frequently been thought to suffer from serious internal logical difficulties. As such, question are naturally raised about the rationality of Christian beliefs. Since the earliest days of the church, sceptics have marshalled such considerations in defence of their stance of unbelief or outright disbelief with respect to the Christian faith. More remarkable, however, is the number of Christian thinkers who have concurred with their conclusions. Some have conceded not only the charge of paradoxically but also the charge of irrationality, shrugging it off or even championing it as a virtue. Others have granted that certain doctrines are paradoxical, but reject the accusation of intellectual impropriety. These differing stances indicate that there are two key questions to be answered concerning paradox in Christian theology. (1) Are any essential Christian doctrines genuinely paradoxical? (2) Can a person to rational in believing a paradoxical doctrine? In the first part of the thesis I develop a case for answering (1) in the affirmative, arguing that the orthodox Christian doctrines of the Trinity and the Incarnation, as reflected in the creeds and confessions of the early church, are indeed paradoxical. This conclusion is supported by (i) the history of the early Trinitarian and Christological controversies and (ii) the failure of contemporary theologians and philosophers to identify interpretations of these doctrines which avoid paradox while preserving orthodoxy. I also consider a range of strategies for responding to the problem of theological paradox, concluding that each is inadequate on either philosophical or theological grounds (or both). In the second part of the thesis I develop a case for answering (2) in the affirmative: even if certain Christian doctrines are paradoxical, Christians can nonetheless be rational in believing them.
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Sun, Muxia. "The Reliability Assessment and Optimization of Arbitrary-State Monotone Systems under Epistemic Uncertainty." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLC057.

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Dans ce travail, nous étudions l’évaluation de la fiabilité, la modélisation et l’optimisation de systèmes à états arbitraires à incertitude épistémique. Tout d'abord, une approche universelle de modélisation à l'état arbitraire est proposée afin d'étudier efficacement les systèmes industriels modernes aux structures, mécanismes de fonctionnement et exigences de fiabilité de plus en plus complexes. De simples implémentations de modèles de fiabilité binaires, continus ou multi-états traditionnels ont montré leurs lacunes en termes de manque de généralité lors de la modélisation de structures, systèmes, réseaux et systèmes de systèmes industriels modernes et complexes. Dans ce travail, nous intéressons aussi particulièrement aux systèmes monotones, non seulement parce que la monotonie est apparue couramment dans la plupart des modèles de fiabilité standard, mais aussi qu’une propriété mathématique aussi simple permet une simplification énorme de nombreux problèmes extrêmement complexes. Ensuite, pour les systèmes de fiabilité monotones à états arbitraires, nous essayons de résoudre les problèmes suivants, qui sont apparus dans les principes mêmes de la modélisation mathématique: 1. L’évaluation de la fiabilité dans un environnement incertain épistémique avec des structures hiérarchiques être exploitées par toute approche de programmation 2; l'optimisation de la fiabilité / maintenance pour les systèmes à grande fiabilité avec incertitude épistémique
In this work, we study the reliability assessment, modeling and optimization of arbitrary-state systems with epistemic uncertainty. Firstly, a universal arbitrary-state modelling approach is proposed, in order to effectively study the modern industrial systems with increasingly complicated structures, operation mechanisms and reliability demands. Simple implementations of traditional binary, continuous or multi-state reliability models have been showing their deficiencies in lack of generality, when modelling such complex modern industrial structures, systems, networks and systems-of-systems. In this work, we are also particularly interested in monotone systems, not only because monotonicity commonly appeared in most of the standard reliability models, but also that such a simple mathematical property allows a huge simplification to many extremely complex problems. Then, for the arbitrary-state monotone reliability systems, we try to solve the following challenges that appeared in its very fundamentals of mathematical modeling: 1. The reliability assessment under epistemic uncertain environment with hierarchy structures; 2. The reliability/maintenance optimization for large reliability systems under epistemic uncertainty
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Wilson, Elspeth Amabel. "Children's development of Quantity, Relevance and Manner implicature understanding and the role of the speaker's epistemic state." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/270302.

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In learning language, children have to acquire not only words and constructions, but also the ability to make inferences about a speaker’s intended meaning. For instance, if in answer to the question, ‘what did you put in the bag?’, the speaker says, ‘I put in a book’, then the hearer infers that the speaker put in only a book, by assuming that the speaker is informative. On a Gricean approach to pragmatics, this implicated meaning – a quantity implicature – involves reasoning about the speaker’s epistemic state. This thesis examines children’s development of implicature understanding. It seeks to address the question of what the relationship is in development between quantity, relevance and manner implicatures; whether word learning by exclusion is a pragmatic forerunner to implicature, or based on a lexical heuristic; and whether reasoning about the speaker’s epistemic state is part of children’s pragmatic competence. This thesis contributes to research in experimental and developmental pragmatics by broadening the focus of investigation to include different types of implicatures, the relationship between them, and the contribution of other aspects of children’s development, including structural language knowledge. It makes the novel comparison of word learning by exclusion with a clearly pragmatic skill – implicatures – and opens an investigation of manner implicatures in development. It also presents new findings suggesting that children’s early competence with quantity implicatures in simple communicative situations belies their ongoing development in more complex ones, particularly where the speaker’s epistemic state is at stake. I present a series of experiments based on a sentence-to-picture-matching task, with children aged 3 to 7 years. In the first study, I identify a developmental trajectory whereby word learning by exclusion inferences emerge first, followed by ad hoc quantity and relevance, and finally scalar quantity inferences, which reflects their increasing complexity in a Gricean model. Then, I explore cognitive and environmental factors that might be associated with children’s pragmatic skills, and show that structural language knowledge – and, associated with it, socioeconomic status – is a main predictor of their implicature understanding. In the second study, I lay out some predictions for the development of manner implicatures, find similar patterns of understanding in children and adults, and highlight the particular challenges of studying manner implicatures experimentally. Finally, I focus on children’s ability to take into account the speaker’s epistemic state in pragmatic inferencing. While adults do not derive a quantity implicature appropriately when the speaker is ignorant, children tend to persist in deriving implicatures regardless of speaker ignorance, suggesting a continuing challenge of integrating contextual with linguistic information in utterance interpretation.
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Bygg, Joel. "När kunskapen exkluderade : En kontextuell analys rörande den beslutsprocess som avkriminaliserade homosexuella handlingar mellan åren 1933-1944." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kulturvetenskaper (KV), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-60900.

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The following study examines the process behind the legalization of homosexual acts in Sweden between the years of 1933-1944. This is done through Michel Foucault’s thoughts about bio-power and episteme. The study also relies on the definition of heteronormativity found in Tiina Rosenbergs book Queerfeministisk agenda. I have made use of public Swedish government publications in the form of Statens offentliga utredningar (loosely translated to public investigations by the government) and motions, propositions and protocol from the Swedish parliament between the investigated period (1933-1944). The goal of the study was to identify the most influential episteme which in turn was analysed to see, if it in any way, influenced the discourse against homosexuals in a positive or negative way. Results from the study confirms that the contemporary episteme named after Emil Kraeplin which concludes that homosexual behaviour was seen in the light of being something socially constructed and could therefore be spread between individuals in the means of homosexual manipulations. This lead the episteme to influence the discourse against homosexuals to be viewed as a disease and a mental illness. By looking at homosexuality from the outlook of the Kraeplin episteme the Swedish law was formed in a way to protect the Swedish youth from being able to be manipulated into spreading the homosexual acts.
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Hernández, Loeza Sergio Enrique. "What distinguishes "intercultural professionals"? The experiences of male and femele graduates from the Intercultural University of the State of Puebla." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2017. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/112545.

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A poco más de diez años de la emergencia de universidades interculturales (UI) en México, sus egresados y egresadas comienzan a desempeñarse profesionalmente en diversos espacios. En el caso de la Universidad Intercultural del Estado de Puebla, a partir de entrevistas analizo las tensiones que sus egresados enfrentan en un mercado laboral caracterizado por la precarización e inseguridad, al tiempo que busco identificar los elementos que los distinguen como «profesionistas interculturales». Concluyo que el modelo educativo de las UI vinculadas con la Coordinación General de Educación Intercultural y Bilingüe promueve la formación de profesionistas capaces de llevar a cabo estrategias de visibilización de la diversidad cultural y lingüística, pero no necesariamente con la intención de cuestionar o transformar el sistema político-económico dominante. Asimismo, identifico los espacios laborales que se crean o son ocupados por estos novedosos profesionistas y las «fricciones epistémicas» que enfrentan al tratar de incorporarse al mundo laboral y que se manifiestan en la manera en que su toma de decisiones se ve inserta en un conflicto entre dedicar sus esfuerzos a satisfacer sus necesidades y aspiraciones personales o priorizar el trabajo en beneficio de su comunidad; todo ello en un contexto de altos índices de precarización laboral.
A little more than ten years after the emergence of Intercultural Universities (UIs) in Mexico, their graduates begin to perform professionally in various spaces. Based on interviews with graduates of the Intercultural University of the State of Puebla, I analyze the tensions they face in a labor market characterized by precarization and insecurity, while seeking to identify the elements that distinguish them as «intercultural professionals». I conclude that the educational model of the UIs linked to the General Coordination of Intercultural and Bilingual Education promotes the formation of professionals capable of carrying out strategies to visualize cultural and linguistic diversity, but not necessarily with the intention of questioning or transforming the dominant political-economic system. Likewise, the labor spaces that are created or occupied by these new professionals are identified, as well as the «epistemic frictions» that they face when trying to enter the world of work, which are manifested in the way in which their decision-making is inserted in a conflict between dedicating their efforts to satisfy their personal needs and aspirations, or prioritizing work for the benefit of their community; all in a context of high rates of precarious work.
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Books on the topic "Epistemic states"

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Gärdenfors, Peter. Knowledge in flux: Modeling the dynamics of epistemic states. Cambridge, Mass: MIT Press, 1988.

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Schutte, John M. Casting net assessment: Andrew W. Marshall and the epistemic community of the Cold War. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: Air University Press, Air Force Research Institute, 2014.

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Rabaka, Reiland. Against epistemic apartheid: W.E.B. Du Bois and the disciplinary decadence of sociology. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books, 2010.

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Wedgwood, Ralph. Epistemic Teleology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0005.

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Wedgwood focuses his discussion around two evaluative concepts: correctness and rationality. Wedgwood proposes that these two concepts are related in the following way: one belief state is more rational than another if and only if the first has less expected inaccuracy than the former. He argues, however, that this view should not be understood as a form of consequentialism since it is not the total consequences of a belief state that determine its rationality. The view is rather a version of epistemic teleology. Wedgwood deploys this view to illuminate the difference between synchronic and diachronic evaluation of belief states as well as to disarm objections that have been leveled against epistemic consequentialism.
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Spiritual knowing: Alternative epistemic perspectives. Carrollton, GA: State University of West Georgia, 1997.

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Knowledge in Flux: Modeling the Dynamics of Epistemic States. The MIT Press, 1990.

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Spiritual Knowing: Alternative Epistemic Perspective (State University of West Georgia Studies in the Social Scien). State University of West Georgia, 1997.

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Carballo, Alejandro Pérez. Good Questions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0007.

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Pérez Carballo adopts an epistemic utility theory picture of epistemic norms where epistemic utility functions measure the value of degrees of belief, and rationality consists in maximizing expected epistemic utility. Within this framework he seeks to show that we can make sense of the intuitive idea that some true beliefs—say true beliefs about botany—are more valuable than other true beliefs—say true beliefs about the precise number of plants in North Dakota. To do so, however, Pérez Carballo argues that we must think of the value of epistemic states as consisting in more than simply accuracy. This sheds light on which questions it is most epistemically valuable to pursue.
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Askell, Amanda. Epistemic Consequentialism and Epistemic Enkrasia. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0013.

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Askell investigates what the epistemic consequentialist will say about epistemic enkrasia principles, principles that instruct one not to adopt a belief state that one takes to be irrational. She argues that a certain epistemic enkrasia principle for degrees of belief can be shown to maximize expected accuracy, and thus that a certain kind of epistemic consequentialist is committed to such a principle. But this is bad news for such an epistemic consequentialist, according to Askell, because epistemic enkrasia principles are problematic.
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Schellenberg, Susanna. Content Particularism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827702.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 distinguishes four ways one might account for perceptual particular. We can take an epistemic approach and understand perceptual particularity in terms of a special epistemic relation to the particulars perceived. We can take an ontological approach and understand perceptual particularity in terms of the ontological dependence of the perceptual state on the particulars perceived. We can take a psychologistic approach and understand perceptual particularity in terms of the phenomenal character of perceptual states by arguing that phenomenal character is constituted by the particulars perceived. Finally, we can take a representational approach and understand perceptual particularity in terms of features of perceptual content. The chapter argues that perceptual particularity is best accounted for in terms of perceptual content rather than in terms of epistemic, psychologistic, or ontological dependency properties.
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Book chapters on the topic "Epistemic states"

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Bochman, Alexander. "Epistemic States." In A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change, 43–76. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04560-2_3.

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Meyer, Thomas. "Merging Epistemic States." In PRICAI 2000 Topics in Artificial Intelligence, 286–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-44533-1_31.

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Lang, Jérôme, Pierre Marquis, and Mary-Anne Williams. "Updating epistemic states." In AI 2001: Advances in Artificial Intelligence, 297–308. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45656-2_26.

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Bochman, Alexander. "Contractions of Epistemic States." In A Logical Theory of Nonmonotonic Inference and Belief Change, 345–78. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04560-2_12.

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Martins, João Pavão. "A Structure for Epistemic States." In New Directions for Intelligent Tutoring Systems, 198–212. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77681-6_13.

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Dick, Rainer. "Epistemic and Ontic Quantum States." In Graduate Texts in Physics, 491–514. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57870-1_19.

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Muravitsky, Alexei Y. "Information Systems via Epistemic States." In Innovations and Advances in Computer Sciences and Engineering, 265–71. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-3658-2_46.

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Mata Díaz, Amílcar, and Ramón Pino Pérez. "Merging Epistemic States and Manipulation." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 457–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86772-0_33.

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Atmanspacher, Harald, Peter beim Graben, and Thomas Filk. "Can Classical Epistemic States Be Entangled?" In Quantum Interaction, 105–15. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-24971-6_11.

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Hellman, Deborah. "An Epistemic Defense of Precedent." In Precedent in the United States Supreme Court, 63–76. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7951-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Epistemic states"

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Appriou, Aurelien, Jessy Ceha, Smeety Pramij, Dan Dutartre, Edith Law, Pierre-Yves Oudeyer, and Fabien Lotte. "Towards measuring states of epistemic curiosity through electroencephalographic signals." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc42975.2020.9283108.

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Mata Diaz, Amilcar, and Ramon Pino Perez. "Impossibility in Belief Merging (Extended Abstract)." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/799.

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With the aim of studying social properties of belief merging and having a better understanding of impossibility, we extend in three ways the framework of logic-based merging introduced by Konieczny and Pino Perez. First, at the level of representation of the information, we pass from belief bases to complex epistemic states. Second, the profiles are represented as functions of finite societies to the set of epistemic states (a sort of vectors) and not as multisets of epistemic states. Third, we extend the set of rational postulates in order to consider the epistemic versions of the classical postulates of social choice theory: standard domain, Pareto property, independence of irrelevant alternatives and absence of dictator. These epistemic versions of social postulates are given, essentially, in terms of the finite propositional logic. We state some representation theorems for these operators. These extensions and representation theorems allow us to establish an epistemic and very general version of Arrow's impossibility theorem. One of the interesting features of our result, is that it holds for different representations of epistemic states; for instance conditionals, ordinal conditional functions and, of course, total preorders.
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Bauters, Kim, Weiru Liu, Jun Hong, Lluis Godo, and Carles Sierra. "A Syntactic Approach to Revising Epistemic States with Uncertain Inputs." In 2014 IEEE 26th International Conference on Tools with Artificial Intelligence (ICTAI). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictai.2014.32.

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Aravanis, Theofanis, Pavlos Peppas, and Mary-Anne Williams. "Epistemic-entrenchment Characterization of Parikh’s Axiom." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/107.

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In this article, we provide the epistemic-entrenchment characterization of the weak version of Parikh’s relevance-sensitive axiom for belief revision — known as axiom (P) — for the general case of incomplete theories. Loosely speaking, axiom (P) states that, if a belief set K can be divided into two disjoint compartments, and the new information φ relates only to the first compartment, then the second compartment should not be affected by the revision of K by φ. The above-mentioned characterization, essentially, constitutes additional constraints on epistemic-entrenchment preorders, that induce AGM revision functions, satisfying the weak version of Parikh’s axiom (P).
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Kern-Isberner, Gabriele, and Gerhard Brewka. "Strong Syntax Splitting for Iterated Belief Revision." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/157.

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AGM theory is the most influential formal account of belief revision. Nevertheless, there are some issues with the original proposal. In particular, Parikh has pointed out that completely irrelevant information may be affected in AGM revision. To remedy this, he proposed an additional axiom (P) aiming to capture (ir)relevance by a notion of syntax splitting. In this paper we generalize syntax splitting from logical sentences to epistemic states, a step which is necessary to cover iterated revision. The generalization is based on the notion of marginalization of epistemic states. Furthermore, we study epistemic syntax splitting in the context of ordinal conditional functions. Our approach substantially generalizes the semantical treatment of (P) in terms of faithful preorders recently presented by Peppas and colleagues.
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Lakemeyer, Gerhard, and Hector J. Levesque. "A First-Order Logic of Limited Belief Based on Possible Worlds." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/62.

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In a recent paper Lakemeyer and Levesque proposed a first-order logic of limited belief to characterize the beliefs of a knowledge base (\KB). Among other things, they show that their model of belief is expressive, eventually complete, and tractable. This means, roughly, that a \KB\ may consist of arbitrary first-order sentences, that any sentence which is logically entailed by the \KB\ is eventually believed, given enough reasoning effort, and that reasoning is tractable under reasonable assumptions. One downside of the proposal is that epistemic states are defined in terms of sets of clauses, possibly containing variables, giving the logic a distinct syntactic flavour compared to the more traditional possible-world semantics found in the literature on epistemic logic. In this paper we show that the same properties as above can be obtained by defining epistemic states as sets of three-valued possible worlds. This way we are able to shed new light on those properties by recasting them using the more familiar notion of truth over possible worlds.
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Haldimann, Jonas Philipp, Gabriele Kern-Isberner, and Christoph Beierle. "Syntax Splitting for Iterated Contractions." In 17th International Conference on Principles of Knowledge Representation and Reasoning {KR-2020}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/kr.2020/47.

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Parikh developed the notion of syntax splitting to describe belief sets with independent parts. He also formulated a postulate demanding that belief revisions respect syntax splittings in belief sets. The concept of syntax splitting was later transferred to epistemic states with total preorders and ranking functions by Kern-Isberner and Brewka along with corresponding postulates for belief revisions. Besides revision, contraction is also a central operation in the field of general belief change. In this paper, we analyse belief contractions with respect to syntax splitting. Based on the work on syntax splitting for revision, we develop syntax splitting postulates for contractions on ranking functions, on epistemic states with total preorder, and on belief sets. Finally, we evaluate different contractions from the literature, namely moderate contraction, natural contraction, lexicographic contraction, and c-contractions with respect to the newly developed contraction postulates.
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Bakalis, Konstantinos, Dimitrios Vamvatsikos, and Michalis Fragiadakis. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Steel Liquid Storage Tanks." In ASME 2015 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2015-45370.

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A seismic fragility assessment procedure is developed for atmospheric steel liquid storage tanks. Appropriate system and component-level damage states are defined by identifying the failure modes that may occur during a strong ground motion. Special attention is paid to the elephant’s foot buckling failure mode, where the estimation of the associated capacity and demand requires thorough consideration within a probabilistic framework. A novel damage state is introduced to existing procedures with respect to the uncontrollable loss of containment scenario. Fragility curves are estimated by introducing both aleatory and epistemic sources of uncertainty, thus providing a comprehensive methodology for the seismic risk assessment of liquid storage tanks. The importance of dynamic buckling is acknowledged and the issue of non-sequential damage states is finally revealed.
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Tetrick, Dan E., Daniel Farley, Golnaz Arastoopour, Michael Zinn, David Williamson Shaffer, and Naomi C. Chesler. "RescuShell: A Biomechanical Design Epistemic Game for First-Year Engineering Education and Potentially Increased Retention of Women." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14069.

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The American engineering workforce lacks the size and diversity needed to maintain its place as the world leader in science and technology. Across the United States, academic institutions are attempting to retain men and especially women in engineering degree paths by providing introductory coursework that motivates them to persist to graduation. Epistemic games provide students with an authentic engineering experience that may increase their persistence towards engineering degrees. This authentic experience, which we refer to as a virtual internship, helps students create an engineering epistemic frame, in which their skills and knowledge are linked a developing engineering identity, values, and epistemology. RescuShell is an epistemic game that was developed to provide this virtual internship experience for first-year engineering students and increase the persistence of women. In RescuShell, students complete a biomechanical engineering design project in which they create an arm joint for a human enhancement suit. Students research the joint’s actuators, control sensors, power sources, types of articulation, and materials. Completed designs are assessed by the company’s various stakeholders for their ability to meet thresholds for safety, agility, payload, work capacity, reliability, and cost. We anticipate that RescuShell will motivate more men and women to persist to engineering degrees and future careers in the engineering profession than traditional first-year engineering coursework.
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Novog, D. R., K. Atkinson, M. Levine, O. Nainer, and B. Phan. "Treatment of Epistemic and Aleatory Uncertainties in the Statistical Analysis of the Neutronic Protection System in CANDU Reactors." In 16th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone16-48127.

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In existing and new nuclear power plants a variety of special safety systems are employed which will trigger fast reactor shutdown in the event of an accident or undesirable plant condition. A key consideration in determining the optimal trip setpoints for these safety systems is the treatment of both epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. A significant issue also arises in attempting to construct probabilistic methodologies that accurately account for these uncertainties while still maintaining consistency with instrument uncertainty calculation methodologies like ISA 67.04. Furthermore, for probabilistic based analyses such as Loss of Regulation events in a CANDU reactor, the calculation of the neutron overpower trip setpoint involves extremal functions and as such extreme value statistics are applied. Since there are variations in the actual reactor physics parameters (fuel channel power, flux detector drift and total reactor power) and thermalhydraulic conditions, determination of accident behavior is more complicated than if the reactor conditions were completely fixed in time. This paper presents the methodology used to establish the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties in reactor trip setpoints such that margins to safety can be established and so that quantitative statistical statements can be made on the probability of safety system action and the confidence level which is self-consistent with the instrument calculation methodology outlined in ISA 67.04. This paper examines the trip setpoints required to mitigate Loss of Power Regulation accidents in a CANDU reactor using a unique treatment of the epistemic and aleatory uncertainties. In addition to the statistical treatment, a key finding in this work relates to the specification of the initial reactor state based on synchronous plant measurements as opposed to Monte Carlo generated states based on sampling of fitted probability distributions.
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