Academic literature on the topic 'Epistemological idealism'
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Journal articles on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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McWherter, Dustin. "Transcendental Idealism and Ontological Agnosticism." Kantian Review 17, no. 1 (January 27, 2012): 47–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415411000331.
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AbstractSince the initial reception of the Critique of Pure Reason transcendental idealism has been perceived and criticized as a form of subjective idealism regarding space, time, and the objects within them, despite Kant's protestations to the contrary. In recent years, some commentators have attempted to counter this interpretation by presenting transcendental idealism as a primarily epistemological doctrine rather than a metaphysical one. Others have insisted on the metaphysical character of transcendental idealism. Within these debates, Kant's rejection of ontology (of the kind exemplified by Wolff and Baumgarten) has received comparatively little treatment, although it is often acknowledged. The present essay seeks to contribute to the secondary literature on Kant by offering an analysis of this claim and elaborating its consequences for transcendental idealism. This will take the form of a critical examination of transcendental idealism's supposed ontological agnosticism—that is, its disavowal of any ontological claims. The overall conclusion is that Kant's rejection of ontology is deeply problematic, and to such an extent that it may be necessary to reconsider the possibilities of defending transcendental idealism as a purely epistemological, non-ontological doctrine.
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Paiva, Mikhael Lemos. "MATERIALISM, IDEALISM AND THE ONTO-EPISTEMOLOGICAL ROOTS OF GEOGRAPHY." InterEspaço: Revista de Geografia e Interdisciplinaridade 3, no. 9 (October 10, 2017): 07. http://dx.doi.org/10.18764/2446-6549.v3n9p07-26.
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MATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E AS RAÍZES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DA GEOGRAFIAMATERIALISMO, IDEALISMO E LAS RAÍCES ONTO-EPISTEMOLÓGICAS DE LA GEOGRAFÍAThe present article has as proposal the discussion of the philosophical categories of Idealism and Materialism in the Geographical thought. Starting from the assumption that the knowledge is a fact, we explicit our onto-epistemological basis by a dialog between the main representatives of each Philosophy pole, from Democritus to Hegel, exposing after the sublation to the metaphysics done by the dialectical materialism. Using a bridge to the hard core of the Critical Geography (Lefebvre, Harvey and Quaini), we transmute the philosophical debate to the geographical field showing the often ignored roots, logic and addictions of the Modern Geography. Retaking in the end the duel between Idealism and Materialism, we present our thesis in which the Crisis of Geography is, in fact, just the result of a process originated from its incapacity as a discipline to overcome the limiter vestige of its birth: the Metaphysics.Keywords: Philosophy of Geography; Lefebvre; Historical Materialism; Geography’s Crisis.RESUMOO presente artigo tem como proposta a discussão das categorias filosóficas de idealismo e materialismo no pensamento Geográfico. Partindo do pressuposto de que o conhecimento é um fato, explicitamos a nossa base onto-epistemológica por meio de um diálogo entre os principais representantes de cada polo da Filosofia, de Demócrito à Hegel, expondo logo após a suprassunção à metafísica realizada pelo materialismo dialético. Pela ponte com o núcleo duro da Geografia Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), transmutamos o debate filosófico para o campo geográfico ao mostrar as tão ignoradas raízes, lógica e vícios da Geografia Moderna. Retomando ao fim o duelo entre idealismo e materialismo, apresentamos nossa tese de que a Crise da Geografia é, na verdade, apenas o resultado de um processo oriundo de sua incapacidade como disciplina de superar o resquício limitador de seu berço: a Metafísica.Palavras-chave: Filosofia da Geografia; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialético; Crise da Geografia.RESUMEN En este artículo se propone la discusión de las categorías filosóficas del idealismo y el materialismo en el pensamiento geográfico. En la hipótesis de que el conocimiento es un hecho, aclaramos nuestra base ontológica y epistemológica por medio de un diálogo entre los principales representantes de cada polo de la filosofía, Demócrito hasta Hegel, lo que sigue la supresión hacia la metafísica realizada por el materialismo dialéctico. Considerando los autores claves en la Geografía Crítica (Lefebvre, Harvey e Quaini), ubicamos el debate filosófico hacia el campo geográfico para indicar las raíces, por supuesto ignoradas, la lógica y los vicios de la Moderna Geografía. Pronto la retomada en el fin del artículo entre idealismo y materialismo, enseñaremos nuestra tesis de que la crisis de la Geografía es, en verdad, solamente el resultado de un proceso oriundo de su incapacidad, cómo disciplina, en superar el vestigio limitador de su cuna: la Metafísica.Palabras clave: Filosofía de la Geografía; Lefebvre; Materialismo Dialéctico; Crisis de la Geografía.
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Lau, Chong-Fuk. "Kant’s Epistemological Reorientation of Ontology." Kant Yearbook 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2010): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kantyb-2010-020106.
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Abstract This paper analyzes Kant’s epistemological reorientation of ontology, explaining in what sense Kant’s complex theory of transcendental idealism and empirical realism should be understood as an ontological realism under the framework of epistemological idealism. The paper shows that Kant’s concept of existence is only applicable to empirical objects in the spatiotemporal causal framework. Accordingly, not only things in themselves, but also epistemic conditions such as the transcendental subject and the faculties of sensibility and understanding cannot be said to exist. They are theoretical constructs in the transcendental discourse to account for the normative conditions of objective cognition and reality.
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Shamarina, Elena. "Lucy Allais. In Defense of Kant's Transcendental Idealism. (Book Review Allais L. Manifest Reality. Kant’s Idealism and his Realism. Oxford University Press (UK), 2015, 329 pp. ISBN 9780198747130)." Studies in Transcendental Philosophy 2, no. 1 (2021): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s271326680016010-1.
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In a review of the book “Manifest Reality. Kant's Idealism and his Realism” I present Lucy Allais's moderate metaphysical interpretation of Kant's transcendental idealism. An overview of the structure of the book acquaints the reader with the author's argumentation strategy. Allais criticizes the dominant interpretations of Kant's transcendental idealism and reveals their contradictions. Further, she develops her own interpretation of Kant's position, combining realism and idealism, metaphysical and epistemological judgments. Intuition plays a central role in the elicited epistemological contrast between intuition and concepts, and between intuition and sensation.
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Tse, Chiu Yui Plato. "Transcendental Idealism and the Self-Knowledge Premise." Journal of Transcendental Philosophy 1, no. 1 (March 26, 2020): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jtph-2019-0014.
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AbstractThe relation between transcendental idealism and philosophical naturalism awaits more careful determination, i. e. whether the issue of their compatibility hinges on their ontological view on the relation between physical and mental phenomena (i. e. whether it is supervenience or emergence) or on their epistemological view on our access to mental content. The aim of this paper is to identify a tension between transcendental idealism and philosophical naturalism, which lies not in their ontological view on the nature of substances, but in their epistemological view on the relation between self-awareness and the first-personal access to mental content. I will first trace the (mis)understanding of transcendental idealism as Berkeleyan idealism to a misinterpretation of the self-knowledge premise in transcendental arguments. I will argue that transcendental idealism is not so much concerned with grounding reality of the external world as with establishing the agential nature of the first-personal perspective of experience, and it has an important implication on the meaning and function of self-awareness in transcendental idealism.
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Dal Monte, Daniel Dal Monte. "“The Epistemological Interpretation of Transcendental Idealism and Its Unavoidable Slide into Compatibilism”." Revista de Estudios Kantianos 4, no. 2 (October 27, 2019): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/rek.4.2.13939.
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This paper consists in two major parts. In the first part, I explain and defend Kant’s explicit rejection of compatibilist theories of freedom in the Critique of Practical Reason. I do this by a careful analysis of some contemporary compatibilist theories. In the second major part, I explain how the epistemological interpretation of Kant’s transcendental idealism inevitably degenerates into a compatibilist version of freedom. The upshot will be that epistemological interpretations of transcendental idealism are not viable because of their connection with compatibilism, which Kant rejected.
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Koy, Christopher E. "The notion of Māyā in Arthur Schopenhauer’s epistemological idealism." XLinguae 14, no. 3 (June 2021): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18355/xl.2021.14.03.05.
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The Hindu texts known as the Upaniṣads were written by many different people from approximately 900 B.C. to about 300 B.C. The Upaniṣads represent one of the earliest efforts of man at giving a philosophical account of the world. As such, the Upaniṣads are invaluable in the history of human thought. The writings came to the West in bits and pieces in the first half of the 19th century in Latin, English and German translation. Soon after he finished his doctoral dissertation in 1813, Arthur Schopenhauer (1788-1860), took note of the very first European-language translation (or rather a retranslation) of the Upaniṣads by Abraham Anquetil-Duperron, a Parisian Orientalist who had lived in or near India for six years and had mastered Persian. Anquetil-Duperron translated into Latin a Persian translation of fifty Upaniṣads from the original Sanskrit. This influential translation entitled Oupnek’hat (1802) held Schopenhauer’s great interest for the remainder of his life. Schopenhauer was one of the few serious philosophers who early on read and was profoundly interested in the philosophy coming out of the East in the first half of the 19th century. This contribution will examine his understanding of māyā and its role in Schopenhauer’s epistemology as revealed in his book The World as Will and Representation
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Gabriel, Markus. "Zum Außenweltproblem in der Antike." Bochumer Philosophisches Jahrbuch für Antike und Mittelalter 12 (December 31, 2007): 15–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/bpjam.12.03gab.
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Miles Burnyeat famously argued that there could, in principle, be no idealism in Greek philosophy, because it was not yet prepared to regard the existence of an external world beyond our veil of perception as a serious philosophical problem. I believe that this thesis is historically and systematically false. Burnyeat’s claim is backed up by a short sketch of the most important philosophical systems in Greek philosophy that might seem to contradict his no-idealism view, viz. ancient skepticism and Neo-Platonism. In this paper, I argue against Burnyeat’s view on the basis of a reconstruction of Sextus Empiricus’ epistemological skepticism regarding the external world. Then, I try to show that Plotinus’ idealism and his theory of νοῦς are built on the assumption that metaphysical realism entails the problem of the external world and is, therefore, potentially inconsistent because of its skeptical results. Plotinus shows how skepticism about the external world can be avoided by idealism which can, thus, be seen as an explicit overcoming of epistemological skepticism. This whole train of thought explicitly refers to the problem of an external world. Therefore, Plotinus can be seen as answering the skeptical challenge with an idealistic metaphysic of experience.
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Greenberg, Robert. "Necessity, Existence and Transcendental Idealism." Kantian Review 11 (March 2006): 55–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1369415400002247.
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The role of transcendental idealism in Kant's theory of knowledge has been both deliberately underrated1 and inadvertently exaggerated. If conceivably not necessary, its role in Kant's explanation of the possibility of a priori knowledge in the Critique of Pure Reason is at least pivotal to the success of the explanation. On the other hand, though transcendental idealism depends on Kant's epistemological criterion of an existing object, or, simply, his criterion of existence, the criterion for its part is actually independent of the idealism. In fact, it may be because this independence has hardly been recognized that commentators have been unaware of the role the criterion may actually be playing in the continuing controversy over the correct interpretation of the idealism. Altogether, this article addresses both shortcomings – the underestimation and the exaggeration of the role of the idealism in Kant's epistemology. While it places the idealism at the centre of the epistemology, it also separates the criterion of existence from the idealism. In highlighting this contrast, the article explains how the criterion may actually be contributing to the persistence of the ongoing dispute over the correct interpretation of the idealism.
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Vukovic, Ivan. "The religious meaning of transcendental idealism." Theoria, Beograd 49, no. 1-2 (2006): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/theo0602037v.
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In his doctrine of transcendental idealism, Kant distinguishes things in themselves from appearances, ascribes the ordering of appearances to man and concludes that his knowledge is limited to their order. The second and the third of these hypotheses are epistemological by nature, and are related to each other through a general idea that man can know only what he has himself created. The division of reality, on the other hand, has not only an ontological, but also a religious meaning: while things in themselves are created by God, appearances are a creation of man. To understand this distinction, one should discern the way Kant viewed the relation of man to God. To do this, however, one should investigate the way Kant's critical philosophy has developed from his early writings.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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Gibbins, John Richard. "John Grote, Cambridge University and the development of Victorian ideas, 1830-1870." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/842.
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This thesis reconstructs and interprets the life and writings of the relatively unknown nineteenth century philosopher John Grote (1813-1866). It places his work in the intellectual contexts of the University of Cambridge of his day and discusses his place in the development of Victorian Thought. The thesis argues that John Grote, (brother of the historian George Grote) is a most original thinker in his own right and that historically he holds a crucial place in the debates that make up Victorian thought. Cambridge University between 1830 and 1870 is seen to have nurtured a dualistic intellectual movement called the Cambridge Network which rivalled intellectually, the centres of Edinburgh and London and the movements of Positivism utilitarianism -and common sense philosophy. In developing the Cambridge philosophy of his day in response to developments elsewhere in British philosophy, John Grote (like James Frederick Ferrier in Scotland) is shown to have elaborated a nascent form of indigenous philosophical idealism in England prior to the 1870's and the emergence of oxford Idealism. The introduction argues that a modern understanding and appreciation of John Grote's philosophy is unlikely without the reconstruction of the cultural, intellectual and institutional world which he inhabited. The loss of detail about this world in the twentieth century, explains why past attempts to popularize Grote's work have failed. Conventional accounts of the history of Victorian philosophy are elaborated and attacked in the introduction, as are the methodological assumptions upon which they were written. Chapter one provides details of Grote's life and writings but gives special prominence to his novel, and in retrospect revolutionary, work on language. Chapters two and three provide a historical reconstruction of the intellectual context that attended the production of Grote's corpus. The middle chapters from four to nine reconstruct Grote's analytic philosophical work in the areas of metaphysics, epistemology, ontology, ethics, and politics, revealing Grote's commitment to epistemological and ethical idealism and the production of a 'relational theory of obligation' and a 'jural theory of politics'. My arguments are synthesised in chapter ten and the conclusions and some indications as to John Grote's influence are appended.
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Silva, Lucas Eduardo da. "Estética e contemporaneidade: por uma outra filosofia da música nova." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/27/27157/tde-22092016-144019/.
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Com a finalidade de propor uma abordagem filosófica em torno de diversos problemas atuais da estética musical, em especial buscando identificar e situar uma crise existente na sua elaboração disciplinar, serão lançados nesta tese estudos sobre a problemática relação da estética com outros campos do conhecimento, tanto aqueles vinculados às ciências empírico-matemáticas quanto às ciências humanas. Questões centrais sobre a relação entre as artes e a filosofia, sobre o papel e a situação do esteta moderno, e sobre as tendências da composição musical contemporânea também serão abordadas, sempre no intuito de apresentar possibilidades epistemológicas para uma nova estética musical que sejam consubstanciais aos problemas das artes e da música contemporânea, bem como elementos para definições de arte e da música que sejam alternativas à histórica pregnância na modernidade do pensamento de vanguarda. Para tanto, esta tese se divide em quatro grandes ensaios, pretendendo-se que possam ser tomados, para além de sua unidade temática e estrutural, também isoladamente.In this dissertation, studies about the problematic relationship of aesthetics with other fields of knowledge, as those bound to empirical-mathematical sciences as well to human sciences, will be launched with the goal of proposing a philosophical approach around various current musical aesthetics problems, specially aiming to identify and to situate an existent crisis in its disciplinary elaboration. Main questions about the relation among arts and philosophy, about the role and situation of the modern aesthete, and about trends of contemporary musical composition will be broached as well, always intending to present epistemológical possibilities to a new musical aesthetics that are consubstantial to the problems of arts and contemporary music, as well as elements for definitions of art and music which may be alternative to historical impression of modernity on avant-garde thinking. Therefore, this dissertation is divided in four great essays, with the intention that they may be taken, over and above its thematic and structural unit, also separately.
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Bergstrom, Carson Robert. "The rise of new science epistemological, linguistic, and ethical ideals and the rise of the lyric genre in the eighteenth century." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/20719.
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This thesis undertakes to explore the way in which the emergence of new science epistemological, linguistic, and ethical ideals influenced and transformed the ways in which seventeenth- and eighteenth-century writers conceived of lyric experience, bringing about a metamorphosis of the lyric from a minor to a major genre. The Introductory Preamble establishes the polemical and intellectual bases for this study, drawing attention to the way in which eighteenth-century criticism devalues the contribution of the lyric in eighteenth-century culture and society. It shows how the lyric was the most popular poetic form throughout the century, and it provides evidence of a changing view of its expressive abilities from the early to the later decades. The Preamble concludes with the thesis that the lyric's change in generic valuation occurs because it shared many of the epistemological assumptions which conditioned or modified most thought and feeling throughout the century, that lyric experience evolved as part of a cultural circumambience in which, through both ideological and rhetorical precepts, experimental science was exerting an hegemonic force on every aspect of day-to-day experience. The lyric genre was that form which most readily expressed the new experience and appreciation of nature brought about by the experimental science. Chapter One assesses why the modern critical tradition has conceived the image of the eighteenth-century lyric as it has done for about two hundred years. This review yields theoretical and historical fruits for the arguments of later chapters. Chapter Two, focusing on Bacon's The Advancement of Learning, the work of Wilkins, Sprat, Locke, and others, examines those particular components of the new science which directly influenced the metamorphosis of the lyric genre--the rejection of authority, the development of epistemological principles, and adherence to a linguistic, rhetorical, and ethical code.
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Marques, Daniel Ballester. "Objetos ideais: a idealidade em investigações lógicas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-25032019-103602/.
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\"As Investigações lógicas\", de Edmund Husserl, têm sua origem na busca por uma nova fundamentação para a lógica. Tal objetivo resulta, em grande parte, de insatisfações em relação à compreensão da lógica como ramificação da psicologia, que, para Husserl, culminaria em contradição. Em oposição a essa teoria, o autor argumenta em prol de uma lógica verdadeira em si, possível apenas a partir de uma compreensão da verdade como ideia, independente de toda facticidade empírica. Husserl recusa-se, contudo, a subscrever à noção de uma idealidade hipostatizada, parte de uma realidade própria, separada do mundo sensível. Como é possível, então, sustentar simultaneamente essas duas posições? Para responder a essa questão e clarificar a relação entre as esferas do real e do ideal na obra, examinarei o texto das Investigações dando especial atenção ao lugar ocupado pela idealidade. Mostrarei, assim, que a compreensão husserliana de conceitos como expressão, ato mental e intencionalidade permite ao autor atribuir uma posição peculiar aos objetos ideais, que existem como objetos legítimos, sem situá-los num domínio totalmente separado daquele dos objetos da sensibilidade.Edmund Husserl\'s \"Logical Investigations\" have their starting point in the search for a new foundation for Logic. This goal springs to a great extent from dissatisfactions regarding the prevailing theory of Logic as a branch of Psychology, which results, to the author, in blatant contradiction. Opposing this theory, Husserl argues for a logical science that is true in itself, possible only when truth is taken as an idea, free from all empirical facticity. At the same time, the author refuses to subscribe to the idea of a hypostatized ideality, pertaining to its own realm, separate from the world of sensibility. How is it possible, then, to concurrently support these two positions? To answer this question and clarify the relationship between the spheres of real and ideal, we will delve into the Logical Investigations with an eye to the role fulfilled by ideality in their pages. In doing this, I will show that Husserl\'s understanding of concepts such as expression, act and intentionality allow him to assign a special role to ideal objects, which exist as legitimate objects, without consigning them to a realm completely foreign to that of the objects of sensory perception.
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Gigante, Lucas Cid. "As idéias : "asas espirituais" do interesse : um estudo de sociologia política de Max Weber /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106243.
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Orientador: Marco Aurélio Nogueira de Oliveira e SilvaBanca: Milton Lahuerta
Banca: João Carlos Soares Zuin
Banca: Antônio Flávio de Oliveira Pierucci
Banca: Gabril Cohn
Resumo: A presente pesquisa propõe-se a estabelecer um diálogo com a Sociologia Política de Max Weber, vendo-a como uma área estruturada pelos conceitos de dominação e legitimação, basicamente. Ao contrário da forma de discussão mais corrente que analisa e aplica tais conceitos - bem como os conceitos a eles imediatamente relacionados, como poder, organização e luta - queremos trabalhar a articulação entre idéias e interesses enquanto uma dimensão implícita nestes conceitos, pois que mantém estreita afinidade com eles. Isto significa que as idéias se inserem em cursos de legitimação de interesses materiais e de interesses ideais. Pretendemos demonstrar que existem, no pensamento de Weber, três níveis cruciais desta articulação, quais sejam: o epistemológico, o teórico sistemático de sua Sociologia da Religião e o de sua Sociologia Política, sendo que este último se objetiva a partir da ênfase nas justificações internas em que se apóia a dominação. Derivamos daí a principal questão da pesquisa: como as idéias se inserem em cursos de legitimação específicos?
Abstract: This study aims to establish a dialogue with Max Weber's Political Sociology, deeming it as an area structured by the concepts of domination and legitimation, basically. Unlike the most common approach, which analyzes and applies such concepts - as well as the concepts immediately related to them, such as power, organization and strife - we would like to work the articulation between ideas and interests as an implicit dimension in these concepts, for it bears close affinity with them. This means that ideas are inserted in courses of legitimation of ideal and material interests. Our intention is to demonstrate that there are, in Weber's thought, three crucial levels of such articulation: the epistemological, the theoretical systematic of his Sociology of Religion and that of his Political Sociology, the latter being objectified from the emphasis on the internal justifications which support domination. From that argument we derive the main question of this study: how are ideas embedded in specific courses of legitimation?
Doutor
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Gigante, Lucas Cid [UNESP]. "As idéias: asas espirituais do interesse : um estudo de sociologia política de Max Weber." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/106243.
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A presente pesquisa propõe-se a estabelecer um diálogo com a Sociologia Política de Max Weber, vendo-a como uma área estruturada pelos conceitos de dominação e legitimação, basicamente. Ao contrário da forma de discussão mais corrente que analisa e aplica tais conceitos – bem como os conceitos a eles imediatamente relacionados, como poder, organização e luta – queremos trabalhar a articulação entre idéias e interesses enquanto uma dimensão implícita nestes conceitos, pois que mantém estreita afinidade com eles. Isto significa que as idéias se inserem em cursos de legitimação de interesses materiais e de interesses ideais. Pretendemos demonstrar que existem, no pensamento de Weber, três níveis cruciais desta articulação, quais sejam: o epistemológico, o teórico sistemático de sua Sociologia da Religião e o de sua Sociologia Política, sendo que este último se objetiva a partir da ênfase nas justificações internas em que se apóia a dominação. Derivamos daí a principal questão da pesquisa: como as idéias se inserem em cursos de legitimação específicos?
This study aims to establish a dialogue with Max Weber’s Political Sociology, deeming it as an area structured by the concepts of domination and legitimation, basically. Unlike the most common approach, which analyzes and applies such concepts – as well as the concepts immediately related to them, such as power, organization and strife – we would like to work the articulation between ideas and interests as an implicit dimension in these concepts, for it bears close affinity with them. This means that ideas are inserted in courses of legitimation of ideal and material interests. Our intention is to demonstrate that there are, in Weber’s thought, three crucial levels of such articulation: the epistemological, the theoretical systematic of his Sociology of Religion and that of his Political Sociology, the latter being objectified from the emphasis on the internal justifications which support domination. From that argument we derive the main question of this study: how are ideas embedded in specific courses of legitimation?
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Antunes, Paulo Fernando Rocha 1985. "O substrato idealista no programa de filosofia do ensino secundário e nas posteriores orientações." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/18001.
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Relatório da prática de ensino supervisionada, Mestrado em Ensino de Filosofia no Secundário, Universidade de Lisboa, 2014O Relatório de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada procurará, a um primeiro tempo, surpreender um substrato dominante, embora latente, no Programa de Filosofia do Ensino Secundário, confirmado pelas posteriores Orientações. Como o título indica, tal substrato sobressairá como idealista. Esta primeira parte, guardada para a anunciada investigação crítica, arrepiará caminho através da chamada “questão fundamental da filosofia”, das teses sobre a chamada “terceira via”, e por intermédio de um posicionamento adverso – materialista. Buscar-se-á, então, relevar as principais consequências derivadas de um tal substrato idealista (de um matiz ético-performativo) e a importância de um outro posicionamento face à realidade. Na segunda parte, o Relatório procurará refletir a prática de estágio dado o contexto programático e escolar, destacando a subunidade que versa sobre o Conhecimento (René Descartes). Visa uma prática e reflexão que dimana das laborações contidas na primeira parte, isto é, não deixando de se espelhar nas aulas. E procura, num momento final, destacar a importância do ensino da Filosofia no Ensino Secundário como corolário consequente de uma tal reflexão ao longo da investigação. Palavras-chave Idealismo; Materialismo; Práxis; Epistemologia; Educação
The Report of Supervised Teaching Practice endeavors, firstly, to come upon a latent but dominant substrate of the Philosophy Program for Secondary Education, confirmed by subsequent guidelines. As the title indicates, this substrate emerges as idealistic. This first part, left for the critical research announced, will make way through the so-called “fundamental question of philosophy”, through theses on the so-called “third way”, and through an adverse position – a materialistic one. We will then try to identify the main consequences of such an idealistic substrate (of an ethical-performative hue) and the importance of having a different positioning in view of the reality. In the second part, the report will seek to mirror the Practice, given its programmatic stage and school context, highlighting the subunit on the Knowledge (René Descartes). It aims at a practice and reflection that emanates from what is worked upon in the first part, but always being mirrored in the lessons. Finally, it seeks to highlight the importance of teaching Philosophy in Secondary Education as a consequent corollary of such a reflection throughout the research. Keywords Idealism; Materialism;
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Gabriel, Fernando da Cruz. "The pursuit of peace and the character of modern state : a critical revision of Michael Oakeshott’s philosophy of history and its application to the study of international political thought." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/12482.
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The argument of this thesis intends to show how the philosophy of Michael
Oakeshott can be used for the study of intellectual history. In order to do so, I will first
approach Oakeshott’s philosophy as an epistemology, and argue that there is a
movement detectable in his works, from an earlier metaphysical idealism detectable in
the works of the 1920’s, which was substantially modified in Experience and its Modes but
retained most of the identity characteristics of the British idealism, towards the final
formulation as a form of post-metaphysical, non-foundational contextualism that
characterises On Human Conduct, published in the 1970’s. The common thread uniting
Oakeshott’s successive philosophical formulations is the search for a viable
philosophical “platform of understanding”, capable of safeguarding the autonomy of
the theoretical idioms of understanding and of surmounting several important
difficulties that have plagued most post-foundational philosophies, namely
philosophical scepticism, a search that I will argue reached a successful culmination in
On Human Conduct.
I will then argue that Oakeshott’s philosophy contains a valuable contribution to
the understanding of the practice of historiography, which may be characterised as a
form of historicism that simultaneously rejects naturalism and narrativism as unhistorical
forms of explanation. However, Oakeshott’s historicism is “uneven”, in the
sense that his satisfactory treatment of the questions of historical interpretation
contrasts with the relative neglect of the questions of historical representation: as
instruments for an historical understanding of the existing and complex human
associations, Oakeshott’s ideal characters of civil association, or societas, and enterprise
association, or universitas, describing two opposing modes of political association, are
overly schematic. This insufficiency will be addressed through the construction of an
extended version of the ideal modes of societas and universitas, which will be
transformed into a richer base of ideal characters by recourse to the narrative
archetypes of Romance, Satire, Comedy and Tragedy, thus creating four “micromodes”
of political association.
These ideal characters are intended to be particularly suited to capture stylistic
differences in written utterances, and are therefore apt to be use in the historical study
of political thought; accordingly, their usefulness will be illustrated through their application to the study of a set of writings by Benjamin Constant, Jeremy Bentham,
Leonard Woolf and Hans Morgenthau, united by their common theme, which is a
moral dimension of world politics: the pursuit of peace and its connection with the
character of the activity of government. The study presents a fresh interpretation of
Oakeshott’s philosophy and innovates in the use of modality as an “open-ended”
structure, illustrating its possibilities for the historical study of political thought.Nesta tese pretende-se mostrar de que modo a filosofia de Michael Oakeshott pode ser utilizada para o estudo da história das ideias. Para esse efeito, começarei por abordar a filosofia de Oakeshott em perspectiva epistemológica e argumentarei que existe um movimento detectável ao longo da obra do autor, de uma forma de idealismo metafísico nos escritos datados da década de 1920, um discurso filosófico que foi substancialmente revisto em Experience and its Modes mas que preservou características identitárias típicas do idealismo filosófico britânico, até à formulação final em On Human Conduct, caracterizável como uma abordagem contextual, pósmetafísica e não-fundacional. O traço comum às sucessivas reformulações da filosofia de Oakeshott é a busca de uma “plataforma filosófica de entendimento”, susceptível de salvaguardar a autonomia epistemológica dos diversos idiomas teóricos de conhecimento e capaz de evitar algumas dificuldades importantes que afectam a maioria das abordagens filosóficas não-fundacionais, quer estruturalistas, quer pósestruturalistas, designadamente o problema do cepticismo. Seguidamente argumentarei que a filosofia de Oakeshott contém uma contribuição valiosa para a compreensão da prática historiográfica, uma contribuição que pode ser caracterizada como uma forma de historicismo, rejeitando simultaneamente abordagens científicas ou literárias como inadequadas à teorização histórica. No entanto, o historicismo de Oakeshott é “desequilibrado” no sentido em que privilegia o tratamento de questões relativas à interpretação histórica em detrimento das questões relativas à representação histórica: enquanto instrumentos para o estudo histórico das associações políticas existentes e complexas, os tipos ideais da “associação civil”, ou societas, e da “associação empresarial”, ou universitas, que descrevem os dois pólos opostos de associação política teorizados por Oakeshott, são excessivamente esquemáticos. Esta insuficiência será corrigida através da construção de uma variante deste modelo dualista de tipos ideais, com recurso aos arquétipos narrativos do Romance, Sátira, Comédia e Tragédia, por forma a criar quatro “micro-modos” de associação política. Estes novos tipos ideais são construídos por forma a serem particularmente adequados à identificação de variações estilísticas na expressão escrita, sendo portanto instrumentos úteis para o estudo da história do pensamento político; uma utilidade que será ilustrada através da respectiva aplicação ao estudo de um conjunto de textos de Benjamin Constant, Jeremy Bentham, Leonard Woolf e Hans Morgenthau, cujo tema comum consiste na reflexão sobre uma dimensão moral da política internacional: a prossecução da paz perpétua e a sua ligação com o carácter da actividade governamental. O estudo apresenta uma nova interpretação da filosofia de Michael Oakeshott e propõe uma utilização construtiva e inovadora das identidades modais de associação política, demonstrando que estas podem ser utilizadas como uma estrutura “aberta”, com possíveis aplicações interessantes para o estudo histórico do pensamento político.
Books on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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Augusto, Luis M. Who's afraid of idealism?: Epistemological idealism from the Kantian and Nietzschean points of view. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2006.
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Who's afraid of idealism?: Epistemological idealism from the Kantian and Nietzschean points of view. Lanham, MD: University Press of America, 2005.
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The rise of new science epistemological, linguistic, and ethical ideals and the lyric genre in the eighteenth century. Lewiston, N.Y: Edwin Mellen Press, 2002.
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Kellner, Birgit. Proving Idealism Dharmakīrti. Edited by Jonardon Ganeri. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199314621.013.18.
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The existence of the external world is a major contested issue among Buddhist and Brahmanical thinkers in the logico-epistemological period of Classical Indian philosophy (c.5th–12th century ce). Buddhist philosophers aligned with the idealist Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda tradition refuted external objects with different methods and arguments. Two philosophers who contributed significantly to the discussion are Vasubandhu (probably between 350 and 420 ce) and Dharmakīrti (between mid-6th and mid-7th century ce), who was one of the two main figures in the logico-epistemological or pramāṇa school. Vasubandhu’s refutation of external objects in his Viṃśikā Vijñaptimātratāsiddhiḥ has been interpreted as an argument from ignorance that external objects do not exist because there is no evidence for their existence. Dharmakīrti’s main arguments against external objects from Pramāṇavārttika and Pramāṇaviniścaya are different. Investigating them in light of his elimination of arguments from ignorance from his own and original logical theory offers new possibilities for appreciating his stance on idealism.
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Schnell, Alexander. Phenomenology and German Idealism. Edited by Dan Zahavi. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198755340.013.4.
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The thesis of this chapter consists in putting forward the idea that, from the point of view of their speculative foundation, the works of the founding fathers of phenomenology (Husserl and Heidegger) admit of a unity, the nature of which is clarified by certain crucial contributions from German idealism. The perspective that the author is concerned to develop consists in attempting to show that, if phenomenology is understood as a transcendental philosophy, then to grasp its meaning, recourse to German idealism is unavoidable. To this end, the author examines the two “fundamental bases,” which amount to an epistemological and an ontological perspective; and he sketches how, from a perspective that draws “metaphysical” conclusions from these phenomenological analyses, these two parts can be understood as belonging to a single project. The essential objective will thus consist in showing how the concept of the transcendental in phenomenology relies on classical transcendental idealisms.
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Bruno, G. Anthony, ed. Schelling's Philosophy. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198812814.001.0001.
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Despite F. W. J. Schelling’s relative exclusion from the ongoing German idealist renaissance in Anglophone scholarship, recent critical and historical engagement with idealist texts affords an unprecedented opportunity to discover the richness and value of his thinking. This volume provides a wide-ranging presentation of Schelling’s original contribution to and internal critique of the basic insights of German idealism, his role in shaping the course of post-Kantian thought, and his sensitivity and innovative responses to questions of lasting metaphysical, epistemological, ethical, aesthetic, and theological importance. The contributing authors offer compelling reasons to regard Schelling as one of Kant’s most incisive interpreters, a pioneering philosopher of nature, a resolute philosopher of human finitude and freedom, a nuanced thinker of the bounds of logic and self-consciousness, and perhaps Hegel’s most effective critic.
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Quante, Michael. The Logic of Essence as Internal Reflection. Edited by Dean Moyar. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199355228.013.12.
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The grammar of subjectivity, in particular in the form of self-consciousness, belongs to this day to the most difficult objects of philosophy. This holds in the philosophy of German idealism as well as in analytic philosophy. This grammar supplies the basic structure of all fundamental epistemological conceptions and is itself the object of various ontological interpretations. Hegel’s analysis of essence as internal reflection, which is analyzed in detail in this chapter, is one of the most rigorous analyses of this grammar of subjectivity. His conception has two main strengths: first, the approach operates at such a fundamental level that the distinction between the epistemological and the ontological dimension is itself conceived as an element of this grammar. Second, Hegel succeeds in unfolding the complexity of this grammar out of a single principle by means of a self-referential movement of the concept.
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Nassar, Dalia, and Kristin Gjesdal, eds. Women Philosophers in the Long Nineteenth Century. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190868031.001.0001.
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The long nineteenth century spans a host of important philosophical movements: romanticism, idealism, socialism, Nietzscheanism, and phenomenology, to mention a few. Hegel, Schopenhauer, Kierkegaard, Nietzsche, and Marx are well-known names from this period. This, however, was also a transformative period for women philosophers in German-speaking countries and contexts. Their works are less well known yet offer stimulating and pathbreaking contributions to nineteenth-century thought. In this period, women philosophers explored a wide range of philosophical topics and styles. Throughout the movements of romanticism, idealism, socialism, and phenomenology, women philosophers helped shape philosophy’s agenda and provided unique approaches to existential, political, aesthetic, and epistemological questions. While during the nineteenth century women continued to be (largely) excluded from formal education and positions, they developed ways of philosophizing that were accessible, intuitive, and activist in spirit. The present volume makes available to English-language readers––often for the first time––the works of nine significant women philosophers, with the hope of stimulating further interest in and scholarship on their works. The editors’ introductions offer a comprehensive overview of the contributions of women philosophers in the period as well as to individual figures and movements. The translations are furnished with explanatory footnotes and are designed to be accessible to students as well as scholars.
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Flikschuh, Katrin A. 24. Kant. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780198708926.003.0024.
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This chapter examines the political ideas of Immanuel Kant. Kant is widely regarded as a precursor to current political liberalism. There are many aspects of Kant's political philosophy, including his property argument, that remain poorly understood and unjustly neglected. Many other aspects, including his cosmopolitanism, reveal Kant as perhaps one of the most systematic and consistent political thinkers. Underlying all these aspects of his political philosophy is an abiding commitment to his epistemological method of transcendental idealism. After providing a short biography of Kant, this chapter considers his epistemology as well as the relationship between virtue and justice in his practical philosophy. It also explores a number of themes in Kant's political thinking, including the idea of external freedom, the nature of political obligation, the vindication of property rights, the denial of a right to revolution, and the cosmopolitan scope of Kantian justice.
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Aherne, Philip. The ‘way of seeking’. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799511.003.0008.
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Coleridge’s influence in Cambridge through the nineteenth century is examined in Chapter 7, especially as it affected the development of a philosophy he opposed, utilitarianism. The author accepts Skorupski’s (1993) assessment of Coleridge as an important precursor of British idealism, finding his philosophy a particular blend of German transcendentalism, Platonic creeds, and Christian ethics representing a distinct school in its own terms. His contemporary significance was undoubtedly influential. In 1890, James Martineau argued for Coleridge’s influence in British philosophy through the nineteenth century, claiming that ‘his Platonic gospel has passed in the heart of our generation’ and declared that ‘empirical psychology and utilitarian ethics are the permanent objects of Coleridge’s hostility’. Martineau was extending Mill’s dichotomous paradigm of Bentham versus Coleridge. The stability of this opposition is questioned in this chapter, which claims that Mill’s development of utilitarian ethics depended on Coleridge’s epistemological distinction between Reason and Understanding.
Book chapters on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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Westphal, Kenneth R. "Hegel’s Idealism and Epistemological Realism." In Hegel’s Epistemological Realism, 140–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2342-3_11.
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Praetorius, N. "Some consequences of epistemological idealism." In Principles of Cognition, Language and Action, 363–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-4036-2_17.
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Guillán, Amanda. "Epistemological Factors of Scientific Prediction." In Pragmatic Idealism and Scientific Prediction, 101–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-63043-4_4.
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"Epistemological Idealism." In Idealism (Routledge Revivals), 23–74. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203094846-5.
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Dicker, Georges. "The Epistemological Argument." In Berkeley's Idealism, 194–204. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195381467.003.0011.
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Allen, Barry. "Epistemological Empiricisms." In Empiricisms, 199–280. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197508930.003.0004.
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The chapter considers the rise of modern epistemological empiricism, from Gassendi and Locke to Spencer and the positivists. The chapter studies empirical philosophy in France (Condillac, Diderot, La Mettrie, Maine de Biran); Claude Bernard’s experimental medicine; the concept of experience in British idealism; the idea of “experimental life” in J. S. Mill and Nietzsche; Dilthey’s concept of experience (Erlebnis); Russell’s concept of sense data; and the value of experience in scientific philosophy (Mach) and logical empiricism (Carnap). Additionally the chapter discusses the emergence of observation as a scientific practice, the contributions of the social studies of science to our understanding of experimental practice, and surveys modern thought concerning visual perception.
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Lande, Vidar. "The Suffering Reality of Reason Love: Kierkegaard’s Attempt to Overcome Epistemological." In Idealism, Metaphysics and Community, 153–62. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315187594-12.
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Fernandes, Sérgio. "Husserl’s “Idealism”. Intentional Externalist Adverbialism and Epistemological Disjunctivism." In Roman Ingarden and His Times. Ksiegarnia Akademicka Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.12797/9788381382106.06.
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Rometsch, Jens. "Why there is no “recognition-theory” in Hegel’s “struggle of recognition”: Towards an epistemological reading of the Lord-Servant-relationship." In German Idealism Today, edited by Markus Gabriel and Anders Moe Rasmussen. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9783110498615-008.
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"16 Theory of Reflection and Transcendental Idealism—An Epistemological Rendezvous manqué." In Max Weber: Modernisation as Passive Revolution, 182–98. BRILL, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004280991_018.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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Rabaça, Armando. "The Philosophical Framework of Le Corbusier's Education: Schuré and German Idealism." In LC2015 - Le Corbusier, 50 years later. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/lc2015.2015.671.
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Abstract: This paper seeks to demonstrate that Le Corbusier's autodidactic agenda between 1908 and 1911 reflects a consistent philosophical reasoning based on the philosophical tradition of German idealism. The vehicle of analysis is the connection between Édouard Schuré's 'Sanctuaires d'Orient', a book Le Corbusier read in 1908, and three key episodes of the subsequent period of travel. Schuré's book provides us with the philosophical framework to which he was exposed. The three episodes, in turn, are taken as case studies in order to demonstrate the correlation between the philosophical background of the book and Le Corbusier's changing attitudes during this period. The terms of this correlation are based on an evolutionary conception of history and can be synthesized as the belief in cultural progress, leading to a new society built upon the unity of science, religion and art, in a secular-sacred life attained through the recovery of a pantheistic existence, and in art and architecture as a means to an epistemological experience. I will lastly argue that this creates the basis for the lifelong influence of idealism in Le Corbusier's work and thought. Keywords: Le Corbusier's Education; Schuré; German Idealism; Romanticism. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.671
Reports on the topic "Epistemological idealism"
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Ivanyshyn, Petro. BASIC CONCEPTS OF YEVHEN MALANIUK’S NATIONAL-PHILOSOPHICAL INTERPRETATION: ESEISTIC DISCOURSE. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11070.
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The purpose of the research is to outline the structure of the main methodological ideas within the frames of interpretive thinking in the essay of the famous Vistnyk’s writer, critic and essayist Yevhen Malaniuk. Considering the purpose and tasks of the studio, an interdisciplinary methodological base, related to the author’s “national approach”, has been worked out. The epistemological potential of national philosophy as a philosophy of national existence, national science as a theory of nation, hermeneutics as a theory and practice of interpretation and post-colonialism as interpretation of cultural phenomena from the standpoint of anti- and post-imperial consciousness are used in the work. The scientific novelty is that on the basis of the previous hermeneutic generalization and definition of national-existential methodology, a propaedeutic outlining of the structure of national-philosophical concepts within the frames of the essayistic interpretation of reality in Ye. Malaniuk is proposed. In the methodological sense, the writer’s essayism is structured by such concepts as nation-centrism, idealism, voluntarism, heroism, and can be considered as one of the variants (close by the experiences of D. Dontsov, Yu. Lypa, M. Mukhyn, etc.) of the Vistnyk’s national-philosophical (national-existential, nationalistic or nation-centric) hermeneutics, that is, the way of understanding, which the author by himself outlined as a “national approach”. The support of Ye. Malaniuk as a culture-philosopher and exegete on the eternal nation-centric values and criteria in his essayistic studies makes his reflections not only historically interesting, but also theoretically productive, classically important for the development of modern Ukrainian hermeneutics and humanities in general.