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Burns, Alexis Meashal. "Engineering Approaches to Control and Prediction of Upper Extremity Movement." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1552238907400524.
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Rodrigues, Carla Iolanda Costa. "Photonic integrated circuits for NG-EPON." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/22732.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Along with privacy and security, the growth of demand from the consumer
for higher bandwidth presents one of the most important modern challenges
in telecommunications infrastructures. The researchers were encouraged to
nd not only e cient but also the economically viable solutions capable of
meeting the growing needs of the consumer. Optical communications are
the way that can accompany this growth.
The Passive Optical Network (PON) is an architecture that shares the ber
bandwidth among several users. There has been a constant study under
this topic for the purpose of using all the ber abilities and to nd new
solutions to keep the access network simple.
Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs) are a technology that emerged to help
the complexity of the hardware that exists nowadays. It is a single chip
capable of integrating numerous optical components, which leads to a reduced
complexity, size and power consumption. These are the important
characteristics that make the PICs a powerful tool to use in several applications.
This dissertation presents a monolithic PIC transceiver in the context of
Next Generation of Ethernet Passive Optical Network (NG-EPON) which
aims to design and implement integrated optical circuits for future access
networks. The transceiver architecture is able to be used as an Optical
Network Unit (ONU) with a 4 channels approach for 100 Gb/s solutions.
The present work contributed for the FUTPON project supported by P2020.<br>Em par com a privacidade e segurança, a crescente procura do consumidor
por maiores larguras de banda apresenta um dos mais importantes desafios
modernos das infraestruturas de telecomunicações. Esta procura incentiva
assim a investigação de novas soluções não são eficientes, mas também economicamente
viáveis, capazes de satisfazer as crescentes necessidades do
consumidor. As comunicações óticas apresentam ser o meio apropriado
para acompanhar este crescimento.
A Rede Óptica Passiva (PON) e uma arquitectura usada para distribuição de
fibra ótica ate ao consumidor final. Esta tecnologia permite dividir a largura
de banda de uma única fibra por diferentes clientes. Tem havido um estudo
constante no âmbito deste tópico para conseguir tirar máximo partido das
capacidades da fibra e de modo a encontrar novas soluções para tornar este
método mais simples.
Os Circuitos Oticos Integrados (PIC) sao uma tecnologia que surge para
ajudar na complexidade do hardware existente hoje em dia. Consiste num
único chip capaz de integrar vários componentes óticos, o que leva a uma
diminuição da complexidade, tamanho e redução do consumo de energia.
Estas características fazem com que seja uma tecnologia vantajosa para uso
em diferentes aplicações.
O desenho e a implementação da arquitectura do transrecetor em formato
PIC no contexto da Next Generation of Ethernet Passive Optical Network
(NG-EPON), e o principal objectivo desta dissertação onde visa o desenvolvimento
circuitos óticos integrados para redes oticas de acesso futuras.
Esta arquitectura devera ser utilizada como Optical Network Unit (ONU)
contendo 4 canais para atingir 100 Gb/s. Este trabalho contribuiu para o
projecto FUTPON suportado pelo P2020.
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Middleton, Duncan George. "First study of the (e,ep'n) reaction." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275626.
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Rodrigues, José Pedro Oliveira. "Study and test of an EPON network." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/7656.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Electrónica e Telecomunicações<br>O rápido crescimento do acesso a internet de banda larga, e o consumo
de novos conteúdos tem levado os operadores a apostarem fortemente nas
redes ópticas passivas de acesso. Essa aposta pretende chegar ao maior
numero e diversidade de utilizadores possível. Para aumentar a capacidade
das redes existentes, bem como diminuir o seu custo, foram criadas normas
que regulam a criação de equipamentos para esse efeito.
Ao longo deste documento são abordadas as normas e respectivos requisitos
para implementação deste tipo de redes, quer da tecnologia EPON quer da
tecnologia GPON, bem como ainda das tecnologias mais recentes que sucedem
as primeiras, as redes 10G-EPON e XG-PON. Com base num protótipo
apresentado numa dissertação de 2010 vai ser caracterizado o dispositivo,
apresentados melhoramentos e vai ser comprovado o seu funcionamento em
diversos cenários.<br>The rapid growth of broadband internet access, and the consumption of new
services, has led the operators to strongly bet in optical passive networks.
This commitment aims to reach as greatest number and diversity of users as
possible. To increase the capacity of the existing networks, while decreasing
its cost, standards were created to regulate the creation of devices for this
purpose.
Throughout this document it is discussed the standards and their requirements
for the implementation of this kind of networks, whether EPON
or GPON technology, as well as the latest technologies which replace the
former, 10G-EPON and XG-PON. Based on a prototype presented in a dissertation
of 2010 the device will be characterized, improved and it will be
proved its operation in various scenarios.
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Dias, Mariana Piquet 1986. "Quality of service provisioning in integrated EPON-WiMAX networks = Provisão de qualidade de serviço em redes integradas EPON-WiMAX." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275524.
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Orientador: Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-25T17:13:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2013<br>Resumo: A demanda por acesso a Internet banda larga tem crescido devido ao aumento da demanda por banda passante pelas aplicações que exigem altas taxas de transmissão de dados como vídeo sobre IP (IPTV) e jogos interativos. Para atender a esta demanda, tecnologias de acesso banda larga vem sendo, rapidamente, desenvolvidas. Tecnologias cabeadas em bra oferecem banda larga a altíssimas taxas, porém são custosas. Por outro lado, tecnologias de rede sem o oferecem mobilidade, porém operam a menores taxas de transmissão a baixo custo de implantação. Apesar destas vantagens, tecnologias sem o operam em espectro limitado, o que limita a banda alocável a cada usuário. A integração de redes WiMAX com redes EPON combina a grande quantidade de banda disponível em redes de acesso óptica com a mobilidade das tecnologias de rede sem o. Nesta integracão, um escalonador de banda WiMAX precisa levar em consider- ação a variabilidade da banda fornecida pelo escalonador EPON. Este trabalho propõe um mecanismo de escalonamento WiMAX chamado Decit Based QoS Uplink Scheduler (DBQUS), compatível com o padrão IEEE 802.16 e desenvolvido para a ONU-BS da rede EPON. Experimentos de simulação foram realizados para avaliação do escalonador DBQUS. Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time) é usado na parte O escalonador proposto é apto a garantir QoS (Quality of service) para O algoritmo IPACT ( EPON da rede. as estações cliente WiMAX mesmo quando a quantidade de banda disponível é insuciente para prover os requisitos de QoS de todas as conexões WiMAX. Resultados mostraram que o escalonador DBQUS é eciente na distribuição de largura de banda entre as estações cliente WiMAX, independentemente do tempo de ciclo da rede EPON<br>Abstract: The demand for broadband Internet access has grown due to the increasing demand for bandwidth by applications that require high rates such as video over IP (IPTV) and interactive gaming. To meet this demand, broadband access technologies, have been developed. Fiber cabled technologies oers high-speed access but with at high cost. On the other hand, wireless networks support mobility and demands low deployment cost but low rate transmission. Besides these advantages, wireless technologies access a limited spectrum, shared by multiple users which limite the bandwidth allocated to each user on the convergence of network access. The integration of WiMAX and EPON networks combine the large bandwidth avail- able in optical access networks with the mobility of wireless network technologies. In this integration, a WiMAX bandwidth scheduler must consider the variability of bandwidth provided by EPON scheduler. This work proposes WiMAX scheduling mechanism called Decit-Based QoS Uplink Scheduler (DBQUS) which was developed for the ONU-BS in EPON network. Simulations were conducted to evaluate the DBQUS scheduler. The Interleaved Polling with Adaptive Cycle Time (IPACT) algorithm is used in the EPON network. Results show that the proposed scheduler is able to guarantee QoS (Quality of Service) for WiMAX sta- tions even when the amount of bandwidth available is insucient to provide the WiMAX QoS requirements to all connections. Dierent simulations also showed that the DBQUS scheduler eciently distributes bandwidth between the WiMAX stations, under dierent EPON cycle times<br>Mestrado<br>Ciência da Computação<br>Mestra em Ciência da Computação
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Sarischoulis, Efstratios. "Schicksal, Götter und Handlungsfreiheit in den Epen Homers." Stuttgart Steiner, 2007. http://d-nb.info/98692265X/04.
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Arbieto, Carmen Orencia Carrasco. "Alocação dinâmica de largura de banda em redes EPON." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18133/tde-28082007-154900/.
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As redes de telecomunicações se dividem em redes de longa distância, redes metropolitanas e redes de acesso. As redes de longa distância e metropolitana usufruem a alta capacidade de largura de banda da fibra óptica, enquanto nas redes de acesso há um gargalo de largura de banda por causa do uso de pares de fios e cabo coaxial. Para solucionar este problema e oferecer aos usuários acesso banda larga de baixo custo foram propostas as redes ópticas passivas (passive optical network - PON). A PON é formada por dois elementos básicos, a unidade de rede óptica (optical network unit - ONU), localizada perto dos assinantes, e o terminal de linha óptica (optical line terminal - OLT), localizado próximo ao provedor de serviços. Dentre os padrões disponíveis para redes PON, o Ethernet (EPON), padronizado pelo grupo IEEE 802.3ah, é opção atraente porque ele é bastante difundido nas redes locais. O protocolo de controle multiponto (multipoint control protocol - MPCP), já especificado, é responsável pelo controle de acesso ao meio, fornecendo infra-estrutura de sinalização para transmissão entre OLT e ONUs. Entretanto, o algoritmo de alocação de largura de banda, que realiza o controle de acesso ao meio com base no MPCP, foi considerado fora do escopo de trabalho do grupo de trabalho, permitindo que seja desenvolvido pelos fornecedores de equipamentos. Neste trabalho, arquiteturas de rede EPON e o protocolo MPCP são descritos e algoritmos de alocação de largura de banda são avaliados mediante simulação computacional. São abordados os algoritmos de alocação de largura de banda que integram multiplexação estatística e técnicas para o suporte a classes de serviços diferenciados, com base no esquema de multiplexação por divisão no tempo (time division multiplexing - TDM). Algoritmos que integram a multiplexação por divisão em comprimento de onda (wavelength division multiplexing - WDM) à arquitetura EPON TDM são também investigados. Os algoritmos WDM-TDM permitem a atualização progressiva da EPON que emprega o esquema TDM para WDM.<br>Telecommunication networks are divided into core, metropolitan and access networks. The core and metropolitan networks use high capacity bandwidth optical fibers, while the access networks have bandwidth bottlenecks because of the use of twisted-pair wires and coaxial cable. To solve this problem and to offers the users broadband access at low cost the use of passive optical networks (PON) is proposed. A PON is formed by two basic elements, the optical network unit (ONU), positioned close to the customers and the optical line terminal (OLT), located close to the service provider. Within the available standards for PON networks, the Ethernet (EPON), standardised by the IEEE group 802.3ah, is an attractive option because it is already widely used in local networks. The multipoint control protocol (MPCP), already specified, is responsible for the media access control, providing signaling infrastructure for transmission between OLT and ONUs. However, the bandwidth allocation algorithm, that controls access based on MPCP, was considered outside the scope of the work group, permitting that this be developed by equipment providers. In this work, EPON architectures and the MPCP protocol are described and bandwidth allocation algorithms are evaluated with computational simulation. Bandwidth allocation algorithms which integrate statistical multiplexing and techniques to support for differentiated classes of service, based on time division multiplexing (TDM) scheme are investigated. Algorithms that integrate wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) to the EPON TDM architecture are also investigated. The WDM-TDM algorithms permit the progressive upgrade of EPON based TDM to WDM schemes.
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Astudillo, Trujillo Carlos Alberto 1985. "Provisão de qualidade de serviço em redes integradas LTE-EPON." [s.n.], 2015. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/275556.
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Orientadores: Nelson Luis Saldanha da Fonseca, Juliana Freitag Borin<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-27T14:47:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2015<br>Resumo: A crescente demanda por acesso banda larga móvel tem motivado a implantação da tecnologia long term evolution (LTE) pelas operadoras de redes móveis (MNOs), permitindo o fornecimento de novos serviços que demandam alta largura de banda e requisitos rigorosos de qualidade de serviço (QoS). Este aumento da demanda de banda passante leva à necessidade de um grande número de estações rádio base e ao aumento na quantidade de tráfego injetado no backhaul da rede móvel (MBH). Para lidar com os elevados custos do MBH, redes ópticas passivas (PONs) podem ser usadas para reduzir os custos do MBH usando sistemas fiber to anywhere (FTTx) já implantado bem como lidar com a crescente demanda por acesso banda larga à Internet por usuários móveis. Além disso, a estação rádio base LTE, também conhecida como evolved NodeB (eNB), pode ser integrada à unidade de rede óptica (ONU) das PONs em um dispositivo único, chamado ONU-eNB. A ONU-eNB compete pela largura de banda com outras ONUs em PONs, o que pode potencialmente prejudicar o fornecimento de QoS aos usuários móveis. Esta dissertação propõe um framework para provisão de QoS em redes móveis LTE que empregam backhaul baseado em redes ópticas passivas Ethernet (EPONs). Propõe também, um escalonador para redes LTE com o objetivo de prover requisitos de QoS e melhorar a vazão total. O framework introduz uma arquitetura funcional para o dispositivo integrado ONU-eNB, um esquema de mapeamento de QoS e um método para permitir que os escalonadores LTE atuais possam levar em conta informações disponíveis da rede de acesso móvel (LTE) bem com informações sobre a rede de backhaul (EPON), a fim de melhorar o desempenho total da rede, especialmente quando o enlace de backhaul está congestionado. Mostra-se como a implementação do framework proposto melhora a utilização da rede e a provisão de QoS em uma rede integrada, mesmo sob variação da carga de tráfego no backhaul e na rede LTE<br>Abstract: The increasing demand for mobile broadband access has motivated mobile network operators (MNOs) to deploy the long term evolution (LTE) technology, which allows the support of new services demanding large amount of bandwidth and strict QoS requirements. The growth of bandwidth demands will increase dramatically the number of base stations and the amount of traffic injected into the mobile backhaul (MBH) network. To cope with the high cost of MBH networks, passive optical networks (PONs) can be employed by using the already deployed fiber to anywhere (FTTx) systems. Moreover, the LTE base station, also known as evolved NodeB (eNB), can be integrated with the optical network unit (ONU) in a single device, called ONU-eNB, which competes for bandwidth with other ONUs in PONs. Such competition for bandwidth can jeopardize the support of mobile users¿ quality of service (QoS) requirements. This dissertation proposes a QoS provisioning framework for LTE mobile networks employing Ethernet PON (EPON)-based backhaul. It also introduces a novel LTE scheduler with the aim of supporting QoS requirements as well as high throughput. The framework includes a functional architecture for the ONU-eNB, a QoS mapping scheme and a method to allow current LTE schedulers to take into account both information available from the mobile access network (LTE) and information from the backhaul network (EPON) in order to improve the overall network performance, specially when the backhaul link is congested. It is shown how the proposed framework can improve network utilization and quality of service provisioning in an integrated network even under variations of traffic load in the backhaul and in the LTE networks<br>Mestrado<br>Ciência da Computação<br>Mestre em Ciência da Computação
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Jayaraman, Shankar. "Dynamic cutback optimization." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/33812.
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The focus of this thesis is to develop and evaluate a cutback noise minimization process - also known as dynamic cutback optimization - that considers engine spool down during thrust cutback and is consistent with ICAO and FAR Part 36 noise certification procedures.
Simplified methods for flyover EPNL prediction used by propulsion designers assume instantaneous thrust reduction and do not take into account the spooling down of the engine during the cutback procedure. The thesis investigates if there is an additional noise benefit that can be gained by modeling the engine spool down behavior. This in turn would improve the margin between predicted EPNL and Stage 4 noise regulations.
Modeling dynamic cutback also impacts engine design during the preliminary and detailed design stages. Reduced noise levels due to cutback may be traded for lower engine fan diameter, which in turn reduces weight, fuel burn, and cost.
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Tack, Jeremy Lee. "Thermodynamic and mechanical properties of EPON 862 with curing agent DETDA by molecular simulation." [College Station, Tex. : Texas A&M University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-1069.
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Syrjänen, Elmeri. "Attention to the periphery attenuates the EPN and LPP." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Psykologiska institutionen, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-59197.
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Current research shows that emotions have an important role in guiding attention and cognitions especially when the emotional stimuli are affective. Load theory proposes that when the perceptual load on attention is sufficiently high, irrelevant emotional stimuli is no longer attended to and thus will not produce a distracting effect. In this study 18 participants performed two discrimination tasks where their attention was manipulated spatially. To investigate the effect of spatial attention on ERP components, emotional pictures in 14 different semantic categories were shown while EEG was recorded. The results indicate that a successful perceptual load was achieved, reflected in the behavioral data that show there was a clear difference in performance between tasks. Further the results indicate that a strong effect was achieved in the mean amplitudes of both EPN and LPP corresponding to the semantic categories of pictures. Critically directing the attention to the periphery while emotionally salient pictures were presented attenuated the mean amplitude of both EPN and LPP.
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Muñoz, Escudero Marcos. "Eficacia hipotensora y seguridad de la cirugía filtrante con implante EX-PRESS versus esclerectomía profunda con implante Esnoper en cirugía combinada de catarata y glaucoma." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667037.
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Eficacia y seguridad del implante EX-PRESS P-50 versus esclerectomía profunda no penetrante con implante Esnoper V2000 en cirugía combinada de catarata y glaucoma. Estudio prospectivo, multicéntrico y comparativo.
OBJETIVOS:
Evaluar y comparar la eficacia y seguridad a 12 meses entre la cirugía filtrante con implante Ex-PRESS P-50 y la esclerectomía profunda (EPNP) con implante Esnoper V2000. Evaluar la morfología de la ampolla de filtración de manera sistemática.
MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS:
Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado, multicéntrico y con enmascaramiento simple. Se incluyeron pacientes de 54 a 89 años con diagnóstico de glaucoma primario de ángulo abierto sin cirugía filtrante previa y con diagnóstico de catarata que necesitaban tener una presión intraocular (PIO) más baja. Intervenciones: Facoemulsificación + Ex-PRESS P-50 o Facoemulsificación + EPNP con Esnoper V2000, ambos grupos con mitomicina C 0,2 mg/ml por 2 minutos. Variable principal: Presión intraocular. Variables secundarias: Tasa de éxito completo (PIO 6 mm Hg 18 mmHg), frecuencia y tipo de complicaciones, número de fármacos hipotensores, agudeza visual.
RESULTADOS:
Se incluyeron 98 ojos, 50 en el grupo Ex-PRESS y 48 en el grupo EPNP. A los 12 meses post-intervención la PIO (media DE) era 13,9 3,3 mmHg en el grupo Ex-PRESS y 13,3 3,6 mmHg en el grupo EPNP (p=0,38). La tasa de éxito completo fue del 75% y 80% en los grupos Ex-PRESS y EPNP, respectivamente (p=0,53). El número promedio de fármacos hipotensores al año de seguimiento ( DE) fue 0,2 (0,55) en el grupo Ex-PRESS y 0,17 (0,44) en el grupo EPNP (p=1,00). El número total de complicaciones fue más frecuente (66 en 35 sujetos) en el grupo Ex-PRESS que en el grupo EPNP (39 en 23 sujetos) (p=0,02). La incidencia de más de una complicación fue n=13 (26%) vs n=9 (18,8%) en los grupos Ex-PRESS y EPNP, respectivamente (p=0,38). El número total de intervenciones postoperatorias fue más elevado en el grupo Ex-PRESS (59) que en el de EPNP (26) (p=0,01). Se observó una disminución de la agudeza visual corregida (log MAR) a la semana de la intervención en ambos grupos (p=0,91) y una mejoría significativa al mes 3 y 12 de postoperatorio en ambos grupos (p= <0,001). El tiempo medio de cirugía ( DE) fue de 52,6 minutos (13,6) en el grupo Ex-PRESS y de 63,3 minutos (19,4) en el grupo EPNP (p=0,01)
CONCLUSIONES:
La cirugía combinada de facoemulsificación con Ex-PRESS tiene una tasa de éxito similar a la cirugía combinada de facoemulsificación con EPNP al año de seguimiento. Ambos procedimientos consiguen una reducción similar de la PIO y del número de fármacos hipotensores a los 12 meses. La cirugía Ex-PRESS requirió más intervenciones durante el postoperatorio y tuvo más complicaciones que el grupo EPNP, pero se necesitó menos tiempo quirúrgico que la EPNP.
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Hirschberger, Martina. "Gynaikon katalogos und megalai ehoiai : Ein Kommentar zu den Fragmenten zweier hesiodeischer Epen /." München : K. G. Saur, 2004. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb392334817.
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Fan, Tianmin. "A novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm with QoS support for EPON access networks." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27130.
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Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) has been considered as an attractive solution to next-generation broadband access networks due to its low cost and high throughput. However, designing efficient bandwidth allocation algorithms is a critical issue in EPON. In this thesis, various dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithms for EPON systems are first reviewed. A novel DBA algorithm, called per-slot DBA (PSDBA), is then presented to efficiently and fairly allocate bandwidth among different users. The PSDBA algorithm is based on the multi-point control protocol (MPCP) and allocates bandwidth on a per-slot basis. It is also combined with non-strict priority scheduling and priority queuing to support differentiated services in the design of an EPON system.
Extensive simulation experiments are performed. Simulation results show that the PSDBA algorithm outperforms a well-known DBA algorithm using a per-frame bandwidth allocation strategy.
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Grassini, Simone. "BRAIN ACTIVITY EFFECTS OF AWARENESS FOR EVOLUTIONARILY THREATENING STIMULI INVESTIGATING THE SNAKE DECTECTION HYPOTHESIS : INVESTIGATING THE SNAKE DETECTION HYPOTHESIS." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121986.
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Snakes are probably the best example of evolutionarily life-threatening stimulus as they have been one of the first predators of primates and mammals in general. In recent years, it has been shown that snake images produce specific behavioral and electrophysiological reactions in humans, provoking enhanced brain activity over the occipital cortex compared with pictures of other animals. The present study investigated the hypothesis that the response to snake images is independent from awareness. Subjects (n=27) were asked to observe pictures of threatening and non-threatening animal stimuli, presented rapidly and in random order on a screen. Awareness level was manipulated using 4 different conditions of backward masks. Event Related Potentials (ERPs) showed that activity over the occipital cortex was clearly more pronounced for snake images than for the other images, but only in unmasked condition.<br>Ormar är sannolikt ett av de bästa exemplen på ett evolutionärt livshotande stimuli då de utgjort ett av de första rovdjuren för primater och däggdjur i allmänhet. På senare år har man visat att bilder på ormar producerar specifika beteenden och elektrofysiologiska reaktioner hos människan, och ökad hjärnaktivitet i occipitalkortex jämfört med bilder på andra djur. Föreliggande studie undersökte hypotesen att responsen till ormbilder är oberoende från medvetandet. Deltagarna (n=27) ombads observera bilder på hotfulla respektive icke-hotfulla djurstimuli som presenterades snabbt och i slumpvis ordning på skärmen. Nivå av medvetande manipulerades genom att använda fyra olika betingelser av bakåt maskering. Event-relaterade potentialer (ERPs) visade att aktiviteten över occipitalkortex var betydligt mer uttalad för ormbilder jämfört med andra bilder, men bara i den icke-maskerade betingelsen.
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Kramer, Glen. "Design of next-generation subscriber access systems based on ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2003. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.
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Kaska, Jennifer Lynn. "Ependymin Mechanism of Action: Full Length EPN VS Peptide CMX-8933." Link to electronic thesis, 2003. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0528103-102730/.
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Hackstein, Olav. "Die Sprachform der homerischen Epen : Faktoren morphologischer Variabilität in literarischen Frühformen, Tradition, Sprachwandel, sprachliche Anachronismen /." Wiesbaden : L. Reichert, 2002. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40015449b.
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Mikauš, Jiří. "Návrh a simulace optické přístupové sítě typu PON." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-219444.
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The aim of master's thesis was to demonstrate chosen PON network in simulation software OPNET Modeler. The work deals with passive optical networks. In particular, solutions that are based on the transmission of Ethernet frames. EPON and 10GEPON standards are described in theoretical section. EPON Standard was introduced already in 2004. Newer 10GEOPN is back compatible, which is ideal as a suitable solution for modern network with a high data rates demands. The practical part describes process of developing network nodes for passive optical network. EPON model was developed in simulation tool, that demonstrates basic features of the standard IEEE 802.3ah. The simulation results are demonstrated in last section.
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Lopez, Bonilla Mauricio. "Analise critica de plataformas GPON e EPON, para aplicação em redes opticas de acesso de alta capacidade." [s.n.], 2008. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258936.
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Orientadores: Edson Moschim, Felipe Rudge Barbosa<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Eletrica e de Computação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-13T08:22:47Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2008<br>Resumo: Neste trabalho apresentamos um estudo atual das plataformas GPON e EPON, mostrando suas principais características técnicas, realizando uma análise comparativa encontrando as vantagens e desvantagens entre as duas tecnologias. Utilizou-se o software livre analisador de protocolos Ethereal, para o estudo experimental de um enlace ponto a ponto Gigabit para diversos testes de tráfego, obtendo a perspectiva desde o modelo OSI do enlace. Também se realizaram estudos econômicos sobre a factibilidade ao momento de desenvolver uma rede óptica passiva, encontrando e apresentando argumentos válidos tanto econômicos como técnicos ao momento de implantar e massificar este tipo de redes em uma região.<br>Abstract: This work presents a study of the current GPON and EPON platforms, showing its main technical characteristics, making a comparative analysis finding the advantages and disadvantages between the two technologies. We used the free software Ethereal, which is an analyzer of protocols for the experimental study of a point to point Gigabit link doing tests for different kinds of traffic to get the perspective from the OSI. We also conducted studies on the economic feasibility of developing a passive optical network, finding and presenting valid economic and technical arguments to deploy and expand this type of networks in a region.<br>Mestrado<br>Eletrônica, Microeletrônica e Optoeletrônica<br>Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
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Simon, Mary. ""...wurze und aller crûte craft und arzâtlîche meisterschaft..." : zur Darstellung der heilkundigen Frauen in den mittelhochdeutschen hüfischen Epen." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26328.
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Women have been healers since the dawn of humankind. They had learned their medical skills in a natural way since, as child bearers, they were also the first midwives, nurses, health carers, apothecaries and physicians.<br>That women were skilled in the practice of medicine and that female healers were an accepted part in medieval medical practice is evident from the numerous references describing medical treatment as found in the courtly Middle High German romances. In this study, I will first offer an overview of the medical knowledge and practice of the Middle Ages. Then I will present literary examples and incidences portraying women as healers as described in the German courtly romances of Tristan by Gottfried von Stra$ beta$burg, Erec and Iwein by Hartmann von Aue, and Parzival and Willehalm by Wolfram von Eschenbach, in order to elucidate and complete the image of the medieval female healer.<br>At the time when these romances were created, medical knowledge and practice were greatly influenced by the transmission and reception of Greek & Arabic medical works which formed the basis of a new Latin medical learning. This in turn provided the basis for a growing vernacular European medical literature. On the one hand, medical practice was still based on traditional folk medicine with the female healers preparing and using simple herbal remedies; on the other hand, they resorted to exotic compound medicines, such as theriac, which was closer to the learned book medicine.
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Carrillo, Valencia Sandra Alejandra. "Comunicación Política y Ejercicio del Poder: Análisis Comparativo Cien Días de Gobierno EPN-AMLO." Tesis de maestría, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/110123.
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La comunicación política en México durante el periodo 2012-2018 funcionó
únicamente como herramienta de legitimación, pues las formas o mecanismos de
participación no surgieron desde la base social, sino que fueron tuteladas, por
tanto, no es posible hablar de comunicación política, en el mejor de los casos
podríamos decir que se trata de Información Política. En contraste, con los
ejercicios de participación que hemos observado en la administración actual
(2018-2023), que incluso, antes que entrará en funciones Andrés Manuel López
Obrador, ya se notaban algunos intentos por impulsar formas de participación
ciudadana diferentes a los que se habían observado en el pasado.
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Münster, Petr. "Návrh optické přístupové sítě FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2010. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218256.
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The aim of this work is an overview of the proposal for FTTx Optical Access Networks. In the introductory chapter written about the optical fiber and the transmission. Furthermore, as already discussed various options with regard to the implementation instead of the end of optical fiber - FTTN, FTTC, FTTP, FTTB, FTTH and standards, which are used to build fiber optic networks. The next chapter is an overview of the network elements that are in different layers reference model ISO / OSI used. The final theoretical chapter is devoted to progressive technologies for the construction of optical access networks, which has recently been used. Concepts are explained as HDPE pipe, microtubing or self-supporting cables. The practical part design model, passive optical networks in the area Slavičín, located in the Zlín region. FTTB architecture was chosen, where for each connection object is used in the existing copper lines. The proposed route will use a standard technology GEPON Wavelength division WDM, so to connect the individual buildings will be used only one thread. Realization of optical networking technology will be excavation. The optical cables and optical fiber bundles are protected by HDPE pipes stored in the bed of sand. For the optical signal split into multiple lines will be used by an optical splitter 1 / 16, located in an outdoor cabinet optic pathway. The distribution of signals for the settlement will take care Alloptic central station, which is optimized for the transmission of Triple Play services. On the basis of the proposal is to created a financial analysis that shows the return on the project. An important part of the network is also monitoring the network. The last part of this work therefore deals with the possibilities of monitoring networks in order to continuously monitor the network, in order to prevent any disturbances or quickly respond to network problems.
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Horváth, Tomáš. "Simulace a měření služeb Triple Play v sítích FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2013. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220307.
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The aim of this thesis was to ascertain with the measurement methods of passive optical networks and the creation of a simulation model that corresponds to the measured network and comparison of results. The first chapter deals with Triple Play services, which are focused on different services (transmission of television signals, voice and data transmission). Each service consists of a subchapter and presents a detailed description of the parameters associated with the transmission. The second chapter of the theoretical part consists of an analysis of passive optical networks according to termination method of FTTx optical fiber. Partial part of this chapter consists of description of standard passive optical networks APON, BPON, GPON and EPON. The EPON standard is explained in detail. The theoretical part of the thesis is concluded with a description of active elements that will form the laboratory measured network. Testing of designed passive optical network is performed in the practical part of the thesis. The measurement is divided into two chapters. The first chapter consist of measuring of the „inanimate network“, as there are missing active elements in the nominated net. Network measurements were done by a direct measuring method and reflectometric method. The second chapter of the practical part consists of measuring the parameters of quality of service (QoS). This chapter is divided into subchapters, such as: the measurement using RFC 2544 standard, the measurement using ITU-T standard Y.156 (EtherSam) and bit error rate testing (BERT). The practical part ends with a designed simulation network model, which was proposed in OptSim 5.2. The aim of the simulation model was to maximally resemble a real network, due to result comparison.
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Mathis, Gilles. "Analyse stylistique du Paradis perdu de John Milton l'univers poétique, échos et correspondances /." Aix-en-Provence : Université de Provence, 1987. http://books.google.com/books?id=xApbAAAAMAAJ.
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Le, Mentec Mickaël. "Usages des TIC et pratiques d'empowerment des personnes en situation de disqualifcation sociale dans les EPN Bretons." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00585132.
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Depuis la fin des années quatre-vingt-dix, les technologies de l'information et de la communication (TIC) envahissent tous les secteurs de la vie sociale, professionnelle ou culturelle. Pour éviter qu'un fossé numérique se creuse, les espaces publics numériques (EPN) ont été créés dès 1998 afin de permettre à toutes les personnes qui le souhaitent de bénéficier d'un accès accompagné aux TIC. Ces espaces ont aujourd'hui, malgré eux, la mission délicate d'accompagner certains publics qui se trouvent dans l'obligation d'utiliser ces outils numériques, en l'occurrence les demandeurs d'emploi pour lesquels l'usage d'Internet et autres logiciels sont devenus des outils indispensables à leurs démarches de retour à l'emploi. L'objectif de cette recherche est d'identifier les fonctions que jouent les EPN auprès de ces publics qui sont de plus en plus nombreux à fréquenter ces espaces. Face à un système de retour à l'emploi qui semble privilégier une logique de traitement des dossiers sur des critères d'efficacité quantitatifs, ce travail montre comment le public des disqualifiés sociaux s'approprient ces lieux de diffusion du numérique pour développer des usages des TIC et des stratégies d'empowerment afin de se libérer de l'assistance exercée par l'institution. Au-delà du rapport à l'emploi, cette recherche s'intéresse également à la fonction d'espace anonyme que remplit l'EPN. Elle porte une analyse sur la manière dont les publics s'approprient ces espaces pour échapper aux phénomènes de stigmatisation d'un statut " dévalorisé " que génère leur situation. Ce travail de recherche participe à la réflexion sur l'inclusion numérique et sur la manière dont s'articulent les dispositifs de retour à l'emploi et ceux qui mettent en place des actions autour des outils numériques.
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Hradílek, Pavel. "Síť FTTx." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2009. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-218130.
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The aim of this thesis is to clarify the issue of optical access networks, and to acquaint the reader with problems of their design and implementation. The introductory chapter describes the technologies and topologies, which are the most experienced in dealing with optical access network. There are a comparison of their basic parameters and limiting factors. Another part of the work is dedicated to progressive methods of construction such as microtubes and solution using the hanging cables, which due to the efficiency of construction, rapidity, economic and facilitate implementation. In conclusion the theoretical part there is issues of measurement. It describes a Optical Loss Test Set, OTDR method and method of measuring dispersion. Increasing demands on the capacity of the transmission paths, and their quality are caused of monitoring optical access networks, which can evaluate the failure on a route, target problems and inform service. The practical part compares EPON and GPON. In program OptiSystem was created model which these technologies are evaluated in terms of performance parameters, noise, jitter and eye diagram quality. The common feature of technology is transmission TDM frames, where EPON uses Ethernet and GPON technologies ATM. The outcome of simulation don´t show which technology is better, but result shows the conditions of the proposal of these technologies. At the end of work there are created several models for solving the optical access network with pricing per user. The most developed technology is FTTB in urban areas, when transmission in last mile uses copper circuit. This solution causing a rapid return on investment. Other technologies such as point-to-point FTTH or PON are implemented as individual proposals. Each of these solutions has advantages and disadvantages, so each project is unique and the solution is dependent on the project site and the requirements of customers.
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PRADO, Agenor Antonio. "Proposta para minimizar penalidade do tráfego de melhor esforço (BE) em redes óticas passivas ethernet (EPON): análise através de modelo híbrido analítico/simulado." Universidade Federal do Pará, 2011. http://repositorio.ufpa.br/jspui/handle/2011/2844.
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Neste trabalho, propõe-se uma melhoria na estratégia de escalonamento baseada em pesos das classes de tráfego em redes óticas passivas Ethernet – EPON, de modo a não penalizar demasiadamente a classe tipo melhor esforço (BE). Como suporte, desenvolveu-se um modelo híbrido
analítico/simulado para análise de desempenho do fluxo de subida, baseado no atraso total de quadros. A modelagem foi feita utilizando Redes de Petri Coloridas Estocásticas (Stochastic Colored Petri Nets
- SCPN) da qual se obtém, por simulação, o tamanho médio da fila que posteriormente é usado para, analiticamente, obter-se o atraso total. Não obstante ao crescimento de aplicações multimídia em tempo real, no ano de 2010, o tráfego tradicional na Internet (navegação web, email, mensagens instantâneas) classificado como melhor esforço ainda foi responsável, sozinho (excluindo transferência de arquivos P2P), por valores em torno de 18% do tráfego na Internet. Somando-se a este percentual as aplicações P2P, que também não são essencialmente sensíveis ao atraso, têm-se uma participação de 58% (o tráfego P2P foi no ano de 2010 responsável por aproximadamente 40% do volume total de informações trafegadas na Internet). Mesmo em previsões feitas para o ano de 2014 o tráfego BE ainda representará
aproximadamente 40% do volume total de dados a serem trafegados nas redes IPs mundiais. Estes números demonstram que a preocupação com este tipo de tráfego não pode ser relegada a uma importância secundária em detrimento às aplicações que exigem maior qualidade de serviço. Tomando como base o escalonamento IPACT (Interleaved Polling with Adapting Cycle Time) esta dissertação demonstra que é possível, através da melhoria proposta, obter atrasos menores no
tráfego de melhor esforço, sem que as classes de tráfego prioritárias ultrapassem as especificações de atraso recomendadas para cada uma destas.<br>An improvement in the scheduling strategy based on weights of classes of traffic (CoS) is proposed in this work so as not to penalize too much the best-effort (BE) class type. As support, a hybrid analytical/simulated model to analyze the performance of upstream flows in Ethernet Optical Passive Networks (EPON) based on frame’s total delay, was developed. The modeling was done using Stochastic Colored Petri Networks (SCPN), from where the
average queue size is obtained. Then, this average is used to analytically obtain the total delay. Besides the growth of multimedia real-time applications, the traditional traffic in the Internet (as web browser, email and instant messengers) is still, alone, responsible for 18% of the total traffic (excluding P2P traffic). Adding the P2P applications load, which traffic is also not sensible to delay, a 58% of participation is reached (only P2P traffic was responsible for 40% of the total traffic flowing thru the Internet in the year of 2010). Also in traffic’s forecasts for 2014 the Best Effort (BE) traffic will be still responsible for 40% of the total
load in IP networks in the world. This numbers shows that the cares with this kind of traffic cannot be put in low relevance while giving more resources to classes that requires more quality of services. Having the scheduling strategy called IPA(Interleaved Polling with Adapting Cycle Time) as a base, this work demonstrates, by the improvement proposed, that is possible
to reach lowers delays in the best effort traffic, without making the upper priority classes reach delays over the parameters recommended for which one.
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Petit, Aimé. "L'anachronisme dans les romans antiques du XIIe siècle." Lille : Centre d'études médiévales et dialectales de l'Université de Lille III, 1985. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/13978956.html.
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Chlápek, Jan. "Návrh nových laboratorních úloh s gigabitovou pasivní optickou sítí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2019. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-402124.
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The diploma thesis is focused on design of new laboratory exercises on the topic of gigabit passive optical networks. The theoretical analysis is devoted to acquaintance with basic problematics of PON and analysis of individual PON standards. Special attention, besides GPON, XG-PON and EPON standards, is devoted to security issues in PON. The goal of practical section of the thesis is the design of four laboratory exercises. Two exercises are focused on configuring GPON and XG-PON networks in a console environment with the help of exemplary console commands. The goal of the third exercise is to hook up and configure an EPON network using web configuration interface. The fourth exercise is designed for a realization of DoS attack against a fully functioning laboratory GPON network. The objective is to jam the upstream communication bandwidth with laser transmission causing a desynchronization between active network elements.
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Saif, Sakina. "AP-1 is required for CMX-8933-induced SOD upregulation and is translocated in response to a human EPN mimetic." Link to electronic thesis, 2004. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0503104-162858/.
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Schönhoff, Judith. "Von "werden degen" und "edelen vrouwen" zu "tugentlichen helden" und "eelichen hausfrawen" zum Wandel der Konzepte von Weiblichkeit und Männlichkeit in den Prosaauflösungen mittelhochdeutscher Epen." Frankfurt, M. Berlin Bern Bruxelles New York, NY Oxford Wien Lang, 2006. http://d-nb.info/989510042/04.
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Yakub, Krista Grace. "Reaction Formation and Homophobia| An ERP Examination." Thesis, University of South Florida, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1535467.
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<p> Homophobia in men may be, in part, due to reaction formation rooted in unacceptable same-sex attraction. Previous studies have not confirmed a covert same-sex attraction in homophobic men, which is necessary for a reaction formation theory of homophobia. This study sought to reveal possible covert same-sex attraction in homophobic men. In this study, heterosexual and homosexual male erotic images were presented in a passive S1/S2 stimulus prediction design to 48 self-identified heterosexual participants, grouped by homophobia. Three event-related potential responses related to valenced emotional processing were examined: the medial frontal negativity (MFN), the late positive potential (LPP), and the positive frontal slow wave (FSW). While homophobic men have a larger FSW in response to erotics across the board, <i>F</i>(1,46) = 3.88, <i>p</i> = .055, no significant interactions between homophobia and image content were found. As such, homophobic men may have more interest in erotic images in general, but this study does not demonstrate that homophobic men find homosexual erotics appetitive.</p>
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Rejent, Andrew. "Experimental Study of the Flow and Acoustic Characteristics of a High-Bypass Coaxial Nozzle with Pylon Bifurcations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1250272655.
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Patel, Nitin R. "Intermediate Strain Rate Behavior of Two Structural Energetic Materials." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/4865.
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A new class of materials, known as multi-functional energetic structural materials (MESMs), has been developed. These materials possess both strength and energetic functionalities, serving as candidates for many exciting applications. One of such applications is ballistic missiles, where these materials serve as part of structural casing as well as explosive payload.
In this study, the dynamic compressive behavior of two types of MESMs in the intermediate strain rate regime is investigated. The first type is a thermite mixture of Al and Fe₂O₃ particles suspended in an epoxy matrix. The second type is a shock compacted mixture of Ni and Al powders. Compression experiments on a split-Hopkinson pressure bar (SHPB) apparatus are carried out at strain rates on the order of 103 s-1. In addition, a novel method for investigating the dynamic hardness of the Al + Fe₂O₃ + Epoxy materials is developed. In this method, high-speed digital photography is used to obtain time-resolved measurements of the indentation diameter throughout the indentation process.
Experiments show that the shock compacted Ni-Al material exhibits a rather ductile behavior and the deformation of the Al + Fe₂O₃ + Epoxy mixtures is dominated by the polymer phase and significantly modulated by the powder phases. The pure epoxy is ductile with elastic-plastic hardening, softening, and perfectly plastic stages of deformation. The Al and Fe₂O₃ particles in Al + Fe₂O₃ + Epoxy mixtures act as reinforcements for the polymer matrix, impeding the deformation of the polymer chains, alleviating the strain softening of the glassy polymer matrix at lower levels of powder contents (21.6 - 29.2% by volume), and imparting the attributes of strain hardening to the mixtures at higher levels of powder contents (21.6 - 49.1% by volume). Both the dynamic and quasi-static hardness values of the Al + Fe₂O₃ + Epoxy mixtures increase with powder content, consistent with the trend seen in the stress-strain curves.
To quantify the constitutive behavior of the 100% epoxy and the Al + Fe₂O₃ + Epoxy materials, the experimentally obtained stress-strain curves are fitted to the Hasan-Boyce model. This model uses a distribution of activation energies to characterize the energy barrier for the initiation of localized shear transformations of long chain polymeric molecules. The results show that an increase in powder content increases the activation energy, decreases the number of transformation sites, causes redistribution of applied strain energy, and enhances the storage of inelastic work. These effects lead to enhanced strength and strain hardening rate at higher levels of powder content.
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Turna, Ozgur Can. "Bandwidth allocation and energy efficiency solutions in optical access networks." Thesis, Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TELE0005/document.
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Dans ce travail de thèse, un aperçu général sur les systèmes PON est présenté et sont étudiés les mécanismes et classification PON existants. Après, nous introduisons notre première contribution qui est un algorithme d'allocation dynamique de bande passante pour EPON. Cet algorithme proposé est désigné comme «hcDBA». Par la suite, une amélioration de l'algorithme de hcDBA avec mécanisme de prédiction précoce est présentée. Notre simulation montre bien que notre algorithme hcDBA est performant comparé aux mécanismes existants en termes de taux de perte de paquets et de délai d’accès. Dans notre seconde contribution, nous sommes intéressés au problème de consommation d’énergie qui est un sujet d’actualité dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les études montrent aujourd’hui que les réseaux d'accès constituent une partie remarquable de la consommation totale d'énergie dans les réseaux de télécommunication. Les organisations ITU-T et IEEE ont publié la recommandation pour la conversation de l'énergie pour les réseaux PONs. Bien que, la consommation totale d'énergie des nœuds ONU est plus importantes que d'autres équipements dans le réseau d'accès fixe, les normes et la plupart des travaux de recherches ont porté sur les économies d'énergie du côté de ONU. Dans cette thèse, nous sommes concentrés sur une méthode d'efficacité énergétique basée sur la conservation de l'énergie du côté de l’OLT. La méthode proposée permet d’économiser de l'énergie en déplaçant dynamiquement des cartes d’OLT en mode de sommeil profond en fonction des charges de trafic entrant et sortant<br>In this thesis, general overview about PON systems is presented and existing PON mechanisms and classification are investigated. After, a novel dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm for EPON is introduced. This proposed algorithm is named as “Half Cycling Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation-hcDBA” by the inspiration of its half cycling processing mode. Later, an improvement of hcDBA algorithm with early prediction mechanism is presented. As a result statement of the study, hcDBA algorithm performs better than existing mechanism in terms of packet loss ratio and access delays. Beside, simulation traffic behavior of EPON’s upstream channel has been investigated in order to support the decision of selecting suitable traffic generator in further studies. Energy conversation is one of the hot topics in telecommunication networks. Access networks constitute remarkable portion of the total energy consumption in telecommunication networks. ITU-T and IEEE organizations published recommendation for energy conversation in PONs. While, total energy consumption of ONUs is more than other equipment in fix access network the standards and most of the researches focused on saving energy at ONU side. In this thesis I focused on an energy efficiency method based on energy conversation on OLT side. The proposed method save energy by dynamically moving OLT cards to deep sleep mode according to the incoming and outgoing traffic loads
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Terrier, Viktor. "North European Power Systems Reliability." Thesis, KTH, Elkraftteknik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-202581.
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The North European power system (Sweden, Finland, Norway, Denmark, Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) is facing changes in its electricity production. The increasing share of intermittent power sources, such as wind power, makes the production less predictable. The decommissioning of large plants, for environmental or market reasons, leads to a decrease of production capacity while the demand can increase, which is detrimental to the power system reliability. Investments in interconnections and new power plants can be made to strengthen the system. Evaluating the reliability becomes essential to determine the investments that have to be made. For this purpose, a model of the power system is built. The power system is divided into areas, where the demand, interconnections between areas, and intermittent generation are represented by Cumulative Distribution Functions (CDF); while conventional generation plants follow a two-state behaviour. Imports from outside the system are set equal to their installed capacity, with considering that the neighbouring countries can always provide enough power. The model is set up by using only publicly available data. The model is used for generating numerous possible states of the system in a Monte Carlo simulation, to estimate two reliability indices: the risk (LOLP) and the size (EPNS) of a power deficit. As a power deficit is a rare event, an excessively large number of samples is required to estimate the reliability of the system with a sufficient confidence level. Hence, a pre-simulation, called importance sampling, is run beforehand in order to improve the efficiency of the simulation. Four simulations are run on the colder months (January, February, March, November, December) to test the reliability of the current system (2015) and of three future scenarios (2020, 2025 and 2030). The tests point out that the current weakest areas (Finland and Southern Sweden) are also the ones that will face nuclear decommissioning in years to come, and highlight that the investments in interconnections and wind power considered in the scenarios are not sufficient to maintain the current reliability levels. If today’s reliability levels are considered necessary, then possible solutions include more flexible demand, higher production and/or more interconnections.<br>Det nordeuropeiska elsystemet (Sverige, Finland, Norge, Danmark, Estland, Lettland och Litauen) står inför förändringar i sin elproduktion. Den ökande andelen intermittenta kraftkällor, såsom vindkraft, gör produktionen mindre förutsägbar. Avvecklingen av stora anläggningar, av miljö- eller marknadsskäl, leder till en minskning av produktionskapaciteten, medan efterfrågan kan öka, vilket är till nackdel för kraftsystemets tillförlitlighet. Investeringar i sammankopplingar och i nya kraftverk kan göras för att stärka systemet. Utvärdering av tillförlitligheten blir nödvändigt för att bestämma vilka investeringar som behövs. För detta ändamål byggs en modell av kraftsystemet. Kraftsystemet är uppdelat i områden, där efterfrågan, sammankopplingar mellan områden, och intermittent produktion representeras av fördelningsfunktioner; medan konventionella kraftverk antas ha ett två-tillståndsbeteende. Import från länder utanför systemet antas lika med deras installerade kapaciteter, med tanke på att grannländerna alltid kan ge tillräckligt med ström. Modellen bygger på allmänt tillgängliga uppgifter. Modellen används för att generera ett stort antal möjliga tillstånd av systemet i en Monte Carlo-simulering för att uppskatta två tillförlitlighetsindex: risken (LOLP) och storleken (EPNS) av en effektbrist. Eftersom effektbrist är en sällsynt händelse, krävs ett mycket stort antal tester av olika tillstånd i systemet för att uppskatta tillförlitligheten med en tillräcklig konfidensnivå. Därför utnyttjas en för-simulering, kallad ”Importance Sampling”, vilken körs i förväg i syfte att förbättra effektiviteten i simuleringen. Fyra simuleringar körs för de kallare månaderna (januari, februari, mars, november, december) för att testa tillförlitligheten i nuvarande systemet (2015) samt för tre framtidsscenarier (2020, 2025 och 2030). Testerna visar att de nuvarande svagaste områdena (Finland och södra Sverige) också är de som kommer att ställas inför en kärnkraftsavveckling under de kommande åren. De indikerar även att planerade investeringar i sammankopplingar och vindkraft i scenarierna inte är tillräckliga för att bibehålla de nuvarande tillförlitlighetsnivåerna. Om dagens tillförlitlighetsnivåer antas nödvändiga, så inkluderar möjliga lösningar mer flexibel efterfrågan, ökad produktion och/eller fler sammankopplingar.
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Novotná, Veronika. "Charakteristika snímků z rastrovacího transmisního elektronového mikroskopu tenkých biologických řezů." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2014. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-220844.
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Diplomová práce popisuje fyzikální principy mikroskopů TEM, SEM a STEM spolu s jejich vhodností pro pozorování vzorků citlivých na elektrony, jako jsou zalévací média či biologické vzorky. Dále je popsána příprava vzorků pro STEM (TEM) a popis interakcí, ke kterým dochází mezi primárním elektronovým svazkem a vzorkem. Součástí práce je také pojednání o zpracování mikroskopických obrazů s podkapitolou o metodách kvantitativního porovnání obrazů ze STEM. Praktická část práce je zaměřena zejména na měření úbytku hmoty zalévacích médií (Epon, Spurr, LR White) způsobený primárním svazkem elektronů v nízkonapěťovém STEM. Ultratenké řezy několika tlouštěk byly zkoumány při různých nastaveních mikroskopu (urychlovací napětí, celková dávka, proud svazku, čištění povrchu vzorku a komory mikroskopu) a zobrazovacích módech (světlé a tmavé pole). Dále jsou zkoumány také biologické vzorky Krásnoočka štíhlého (Euglena gracilis) zalitého v pryskyřicích Epon a Spurr. Nasbírané snímky, vytvořené algoritmy a získané výsledky jsou diskutovány a zhodnoceny.
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Melo, David António Sacadura de. "Análise e planeamento de redes de acesso C-RAN sobre ethernet." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/23813.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Eletrónica e Telecomunicações<br>Recentemente, com o aumento dos dispositivos móveis e do tráfego gerado por estes, surgiu a necessidade de reformular a arquitetura das redes de acesso móvel atuais. Com o intuito de alcançar este objetivo, prevê-se que seja implementado o paradigma C-RAN, que permite centralizar o processamento, promover positivamente a utilização da rede e reduzir os custos de operação e manutenção.
Na primeira parte, é feito um estudo de pior caso da aplicação da Ethernet como meio de transporte do CPRI na rede fronthaul que interliga as RRHs, geograficamente distribuídas, com o nó central onde reside a BBU pool. Nesta parte, são comparadas duas redes baseadas em Ethernet: as redes EPON e as redes switched Ethernet. O estudo feito mostra que as redes switched Ethernet permitem suportar um número de RRHs maior do que as redes EPON e, para o mesmo número de RRHs, permitem alcançar maiores coberturas geográficas. Além disso, mostra-se que o uso de prioridades e de diferentes valores de tamanho de pacotes Ethernet permite ganhos adicionais de cobertura geográfica nas redes switched Ethernet.
Após se concluir das vantagens da switched Ethernet, a segunda parte do trabalho realizado propõe algoritmos de planeamento de redes fronthaul baseadas nesta tecnologia. Os algoritmos são avaliados em cenários gerados aleatoriamente com dois objetivos; o primeiro é avaliar a sua eficiência e o segundo é avaliar os ganhos que se obtêm com o uso de prioridades e de tamanhos de pacotes diferentes na rede Ethernet de suporte.<br>Recently, with the increase of mobile devices and the traffic generated by them, the need to reformulate the architecture of the current mobile access networks has arisen. In order to achieve this goal, the C-RAN paradigm is expected to be adopted, which allows the processing centralization, positive promotion of network usage and reduction of operation and maintenance costs.
In the first part, a worst case study is carried out on the use of Ethernet as a means of transporting CPRI radio signals in the fronthaul network that interconnects the geographically distributed RRHs, with the central node where the BBU pool is hosted. In this part, two Ethernet-based network technologies are compared: the EPON networks and the switched Ethernet networks. The study shows that switched Ethernet networks allow a larger number of RRHs to be supported than EPON networks and, for the same number of RRHs, it also allows a larger geographic coverage. In addition, it is shown that the use of priorities and different Ethernet packet sizes allows additional geographic coverage gains in switched Ethernet networks.
After concluding the advantages of switched Ethernet, the second part of the work proposes algorithms for fronthaul network planning based on this technology. The algorithms are evaluated in randomly generated scenarios with two objectives; the first is to evaluate their efficiency and the second is to evaluate the gains that are obtained by using different priorities and packet sizes in the supporting Ethernet network.
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Augustin, Anja [Verfasser], Horst [Gutachter] Brunner, and Joachim [Gutachter] Hamm. ""Norden, Suden, Osten, Wester": Länder und Bewohner der Heidenwelt in deutschen Romanen und Epen des 12. bis 14. Jahrhunderts. Rolandslied, Herzog Ernst, Parzival, Willehalm, Reinfried von Braunschweig, Wilhelm von Österreich / Anja Augustin. Gutachter: Horst Brunner ; Joachim Hamm." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1111783462/34.
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Augustin, Anja Verfasser], Horst [Gutachter] [Brunner, and Joachim [Gutachter] Hamm. ""Norden, Suden, Osten, Wester": Länder und Bewohner der Heidenwelt in deutschen Romanen und Epen des 12. bis 14. Jahrhunderts. Rolandslied, Herzog Ernst, Parzival, Willehalm, Reinfried von Braunschweig, Wilhelm von Österreich / Anja Augustin. Gutachter: Horst Brunner ; Joachim Hamm." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2015. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-109142.
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KUAN-CHENG, LIN, and 林冠呈. "Ellipse-Space Probabilistic Neural Networks,EPNN." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94825034723527799639.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>資訊管理學系<br>95<br>This study proposed the ellipse-space probabilistic neural network (EPNN), which includes three kinds of network parameters that can be adjusted through training: the variable weight representing the importance of each input variable of each pattern, the core-width-reciprocal representing the effective range of each pattern, and the data weight representing the reliability of each pattern. Being optimized by the learning process, these network parameters can be used to improve the accuracy of model, and to calculate the variable importance index to offer the ability to appraise importance of each input variable. To prove the performance of EPNN, three artificial regression problems, three artificial classification problems as well as ten actual ones were employed to test it and compare it with back-propagation network (BPN) and probabilistic neural network (PNN). The results proved that (1) the accuracy of EPNN is slightly lower than BPN, while strongly higher to PNN in the artificial problems; the accuracy of EPNN is obviously higher than BPN and PNN in the actual classification problems, and (2) the variable importance index really expressed the importance of each input variable to the output variable, which makes model have the explanation ability.
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Liao, Yu-Sheng, та 廖友聖. "EPON系統". Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94299615668103790404.
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碩士<br>中華大學<br>電機工程學系碩士班<br>99<br>Thesis of this article is to discuss the connection of current reliability testing platform, wireless local area network (WLAN), and auto-testing software. With such combination, WLAN can timely transfer the testing data back and forth. This achieves the purpose of real-time monitoring with no distance concerns.
Reliability test engineer can immediately judge the testing results according to the data and condition. Also, they can stop the testing process and proceed to modify the testing parameters, and execute re-start when necessary. To prevent test engineer frequent commuting back and forth between lab and office, company and home, product reliability test engineer can use wireless monitoring system for reliability test.
The existence of wireless networks directly changes individual working and life. People use the new technique combine radio frequency with local area network (LAN) that establishes WLAN with greater efficiency. Users can easily access the network to collect, save, or share information at anytime. This does reach the ideal state of information dissemination with no boundary.
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Lin, Chien-Fu, and 林健富. "Scheduling Downstream Traffic in EPON." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/00091293875275807689.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程學系(所)<br>96<br>There is no doubt that Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is one of the most promising technology for the next generation broadband access network. It provided integrated services with the low-cost fiber infrastructure and shared transmission media between the CO equipment and users in FTTx application. According to our survey, there are many journal papers and researches discussing the dynamic bandwidth allocation mechanism for upstream traffic only in EPON, not much discussion for downstream traffic.
IEEE 802.3ah defines the specification of EPON but it didn’t describe any mechanism for scheduling, bandwidth allocation and transmission. GATE and REPORT messages are critical factors in EPON bandwidth allocation mechanism whatever downstream or upstream. Unfortunately, they also impact the performance of EPON e.g. limited control-plane bandwidth issue.
In this paper, we will describe a scheduling mechanism for the downstream traffic in EPON and highlight the problems. Furthermore, we would like to clarify those exist problem in downstream whether could be ignore as like previous researchers mention.
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Tseng, Shih-wei, and 曾士瑋. "Delay Sensitive EPON Dynamic BandwidthAllocation Mechanism." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/18921504270742131840.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程學系(所)<br>94<br>Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is one of the potential solutions for the next generation access technology. Its economical equipment and maintenance costs are particularly attractive to telecommunication service providers. The EPON has a tree topology and the upstream bandwidth from optical network terminals to the optical line terminal is shared. To utilize the bandwidth in a fair and efficient manner, numerous dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes are proposed in the literature.
In this thesis, we will introduce and review these schemes, list their strength and weakness. One of our goals in this thesis is to give an overview to the current status of researches in this area. We will also introduce our work on a new scheme that considers performance on both bandwidth and delay.
In the EPON system, the existing algorithms of dynamic bandwidth allocation mainly focus on bandwidth allocation. The designers of these algorithms did not consider the delay resulted from the polling between ONUs. The delay will affect real-time video and audio applications. Thus, when we design a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm, the delay between the polling of ONUs is an important factor that we need to consider. We proposed a scheme that not only allocate the bandwidth fairly but also reduce the delay between the polling of ONUs. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to consider both performance metrics in EPON. In conclusion, we summarize future works and point out the pending challenges for future study.
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Wei, Tseng Shih, and 曾士瑋. "Delay Sensitive EPON Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Mechanism." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/20919801458056962543.
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碩士<br>大同大學<br>資訊工程研究所<br>94<br>Ethernet passive optical network (EPON) is one of the potential solutions for the next generation access technology. Its economical equipment and maintenance costs are particularly attractive to telecommunication service providers. The EPON has a tree topology and the upstream bandwidth from optical network terminals to the optical line terminal is shared. To utilize the bandwidth in a fair and efficient manner, numerous dynamic bandwidth allocation schemes are proposed in the literature.
In this thesis, we will introduce and review these schemes, list their strength and weakness. One of our goals in this thesis is to give an overview to the current status of researches in this area. We will also introduce our work on a new scheme that considers performance on both bandwidth and delay.
In the EPON system, the existing algorithms of dynamic bandwidth allocation mainly focus on bandwidth allocation. The designers of these algorithms did not consider the delay resulted from the polling between ONUs. The delay will affect real-time video and audio applications. Thus, when we design a dynamic bandwidth allocation algorithm, the delay between the polling of ONUs is an important factor that we need to consider. We proposed a scheme that not only allocate the bandwidth fairly but also reduce the delay between the polling of ONUs. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to consider both performance metrics in EPON. In conclusion, we summarize future works and point out the pending challenges for future study.
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Peng, Chun-Chen, and 彭崇禎. "Uplink Scheduling Schemes in EPON Access Network." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q82kx3.
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碩士<br>國立交通大學<br>電信工程系所<br>92<br>Rapid deployment of broadband services in the residential and small business area has played an important role in the evolution of access networks. Currently, Ethernet passive optical networks (EPON) are being considered as a promising solution for the next generation access network, due to the convergence of low-cost Ethernet equipment and low-cost of fiber infrastructure. In addition, the growing demand of broadband services such as IP telephony, video on demand has urged the network operator to accelerate the deployment of full-service access networks. In this thesis, we proposed a delay-considered scheduling scheme for real-time services, i.e. voice and video service, and two fairness-considered scheduling schemes, i.e. Hybrid LQF-QLP scheme and Hybrid EQL-QLP scheme, to support non-real-time data service. The goal of the scheduling algorithm is to meet the delay bound of voice service, and to simultaneously maintain the fairness of both packet delay and packet blocking probability for non-real-time data service. Simulation results show that the proposed scheduling method can meet our goal.
In addition, we proposed a prediction-based scheduling method, in which we adopt a Moving Average technique. We find that by implementing a predictor, the maximum cycle time can be extended and the system throughput can be improved. Simulation results show that the proposed scenario can improve performance well.
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Jie-Siang, Wu, and 吳詰翔. "Ethernet Passive Optical Network (EPON) Simulation Using NS2." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70071548165096087485.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>資訊工程學系<br>95<br>The need of internet bandwidth has to improve relatively for the flourishing development of the multimedia. Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Loop is familiar to be used right now, nevertheless, the uploaded and downloaded bandwidth is Asymetrix ,and have not enough bandwidth to use, and turn the transmission into a bottleneck gradually. So the fiber network is the preferable solution to eliminate Last Mile problem.
NS2 (Network Simulator - Version 2) is a object-orient network simulator, it can simulate true network system structure .like routers, links, node of network , etc. In the respect of network structure, the abandon of the postponement or package with the package of the respect of the characteristic of the network , such simulation as TCP, UDP,etc., but because the NS2 model does not support the Ethernet Passive Optical Network ( EPON) in NS2 Simulation. In this paper, we have made several DBA algorithms and applied increased EPON model in NS2 network simulator. Finally , we will be analysis different of algorithms in our newly-increased model , and we will discuss what is the reason to cause these results.
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Yin, Pei-Hwa, and 尹培華. "The Design of Offline Scheduling Mechanisms on EPON." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2g5qu7.
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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>資訊工程系研究所<br>99<br>In recent years, PON has been considered as one of the appropriate solutions to deal with the transmission bottleneck between backbone network and access network. TDM-EPON shows the advantages of both low cost and easy implementation, but it has to take time-synchronization issue of upstream transmission into account. Therefore, it is very important to design an effective dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme for such a network system.
This thesis proposes a dynamic bandwidth allocation scheme based on the architecture of offline scheduling. The design goal of this scheme is to reduce the idle time when the system is already overloaded. To achieve this goal, a few packets with the higher priority are allowed to be transmitted during the idle time. The packet delay、packet dropping ratio and utilization level are used as the metrics of performance measurement. We compare the simulation results with the other proposed schemes. Under some specific traffic input conditions, our scheme can achieve better performance results. However, we also observe that the performance behaviors of the proposed scheme are highly sensitive to the traffic input patterns. We also apply our proposed schemes on Long Reach PON to observe the simulation results. It is found that with the increase of transmission distance, the performance of the proposed scheme gets worse. We thus discuss and identify the future research directions and possible solutions.
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Brady, Rebecca Jane 1980. "Characterization of the epsin homolog EpnA in Dictyostelium discoideum." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/3999.
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Clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane invaginate into coated vesicles to internalize receptors and membrane. The clathrin adaptor epsin contains an aminoterminal ENTH domain that binds PI(4,5)P₂ and a carboxy-terminal domain that binds clathrin, and accessory proteins such as AP2. Here, we assessed how inter- and intramolecular factors affect the contribution of epsin to coated-pit function in living cells. We found Dictyostelium epsin was not required for global clathrin function, but plays an essential role in spore development. We demonstrated that clathrin, but not AP2, was critical for epsin to associate with clathrin-coated pits. We found that the carboxy-terminal region of epsin was essential, but not sufficient, for targeting epsin within clathrin-coated pits on the plasma membrane. In addition to targeting epsin to the membrane, the amino-terminal ENTH domain regulates the interaction between epsin and clathrin, an essential property that cannot be replaced by an alternate PI(4,5)P₂ binding domain. Moreover, the ENTH domain facilitates the functional interaction between clathrin and actin during late stages of endocytosis, possibly by regulating the activity of the adaptor Hip1r. Both the ability to bind PI(4,5)P₂ and another function mediated by residue T107 are critical for the activity of the ENTH domain. Our results support a model where the ENTH domain coordinates with the clathrin-binding C-terminal domain to allow a dynamic interaction of epsin with coated pits. Furthermore, we propose that the ENTH domain of epsin facilitates the membrane recruitment and phosphorylation of Hip1r, which in turn mediates the productive interaction of clathrin with the actin cytoskeleton at the plasma membrane.<br>text