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Journal articles on the topic 'Epoque 1900'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Marks, Elaine. ""Sapho 1900": Imaginary Renee Viviens and the Rear of the belle epoque." Yale French Studies, no. 75 (1988): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2930313.

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Haine, W. Scott. "The Development of Leisure and the Transformation of Working-Class Adolescence, Paris 1830–1940." Journal of Family History 17, no. 4 (October 1992): 451–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/036319909201700407.

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The evolution of the pastimes of Parisian working-class youth between 1830 and 1940 reveals the interconnection between the rise of modern leisure and the development of modern adolesence. Two striking images halfway between literature and sociology, the gamin and the apache, illuminate the transformation of working-class adolescence from social and spatial exclusion during the 1830s to exclusivity by the 1900s. By the Belle Epoque, working-class adolescents had articulated their own subculture through the abundant and varied diversions of “the city of light”: dance halls, cafés, cinemas, sports, and newspapers. The growing sense of exclusivity among working-class adolescents, however, undermined a wider sense of class consciousness. Working-class youth, especially after 1900, increasingly identified more with leisure and youth than with work and class. In general, the workplace ceased to be a site where expression and creativity could be exercised and instead became an instrument, a means to an end: the wage.

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Domeier, Norman. "The Homosexual Scare and the Masculinization of German Politics before World War I." Central European History 47, no. 4 (December 2014): 737–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008938914001903.

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It may seem strange today to study aspects of the political sphere—from foreign policy to diplomacy and the military—in the context of sexuality. But the Belle Epoque (1871–1914) was an era of prestige politics, also with respect to the politics of sexuality. This article reveals how the Eulenburg Scandal of 1906 to 1909 used sexual morality as a way to explain and interpret the tensions that pervaded Germany's domestic affairs and international relations. The reliance on sexual mores as an explanation for large-scale political events was the result of an ever-intensifying chain of national and international complications—complications that later undermined Germany's sense of national honor. The Eulenburg Scandal is remembered today mainly as the first major homosexual scandal of the twentieth century, but contemporaries experienced it in a wider sense: it became Germany's counterpart to the Dreyfus Affair in France—two examples of political, social, and cultural conflict that threatened the foundations of their respective countries.

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Gournay, Isabelle, and Marie-Laure Crosnier Leconte. "American Architecture Students in Belle Epoque Paris: Scholastic Strategies and Achievements at the Ecole des Beaux-Arts." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 12, no. 2 (April 2013): 154–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781413000054.

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The Gilded Age and Progressive Era witnessed the largest influx of American architecture students to the Paris Ecole des Beaux-Arts. The U.S. contingent—120 students admitted in the 1890s, 154 in the 1900s—accounted for 10 to nearly 20 percent of incoming students each year. This illustrated essay uses projects prepared by these students to introduce the major features and principles of the Ecole's architecture curriculum, in particular the physical and instructional framework of the atelier and the medium of the concours. The essay presents a step-by-step selection of projects by American students admitted between 1890 and 1909. These range from a twelve-hour sketch problem required for the admission competition to a diplôme (masters' thesis). Beyond introducing the Beaux-Arts method of instruction, these prints provide insight into the subsequent American career of their authors and thus of American architecture and urban design overall, given the enormous influence exerted by the Ecole des Beaux Arts and its anciens élèves. Drawings requested from Ecole students were not just artfully composed and brilliantly rendered pictures. They were problem-solving endeavors. Former students preserved them not only as study models, but also as status symbols, even trophies.

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Flower, J. "Review: Les Ecrits de Paul Nizan (1905-1940): portrait d'une epoque." French Studies 56, no. 3 (July 1, 2002): 428–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/fs/56.3.428.

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Brantz, Rennie W., and Hans-Jurgen Schroder. "Deutschland und Amerika in der Epoche des Ersten Weltkrieges, 1900-1924." German Studies Review 20, no. 1 (February 1997): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1432357.

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Needell, Jeffrey D. "The Revolta Contra Vacina of 1904: The Revolt against "Modernization" in Belle-Epoque Rio de Janeiro." Hispanic American Historical Review 67, no. 2 (May 1987): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2515023.

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Syrnicka, Krystyna. "Deotyma i Proniewska: dwugłos poetycki." Bibliotekarz Podlaski. Ogólnopolskie Naukowe Pismo Bibliotekoznawcze i Bibliologiczne 43, no. 2 (June 30, 2019): 281–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.36770/bp.21.

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W niniejszym artykule zostały zarysowane postacie dwóch poetek: Jadwigi Łuszczewskiej (bardziej znanej pod artystycznym pseudonimem Deotymy, 1834–1908), słynnej w swoim czasie improwizatorki, prowadzącej salon literacki w Warszawie, oraz Karoliny Proniewskiej (z lit. Praniauskaitė, 1828–1859), skromnej poetki ze Żmudzi, której talentowi nie dała się rozwinąć przedwczesna śmierć. Deotyma i Proniewska stały się swoistym fenomenem określonych zjawisk kulturowych swoich czasów. Ich twórczość doczekała się niejednoznacznej oceny, niemniej były niesłychanie popularne w swojej epoce, zarówno adorowane, jak też krytykowane, współcześnie jednak popadły w całkowite niemal zapomnienie. Losy tych dwóch kobiet mogą stanowić ciekawy przyczynek do badań nad kondycją, rolą i przeznaczeniem kobiety-literatki w ówczesnym społeczeństwie i kulturze.

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Olujuwon, Oladele Justina, Kehinde Stephen Olorunmaiye, Adekola Olabisi Fatimoh, Oyedeji Stephen, and Animasaun David Adedayo. "Effects of pendimethalin on pod attributes of five elite accessions of cowpea." Agronomski glasnik 82, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.33128/ag.82.3.3.

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A field study on the effects of pre- and post-emergence application of herbicide (pendimethalin) on the reproductive yield of five accessions of cowpea (TVu-9092, TVu-16265, TVu-16320, TVu-16323 and TVu-16421) was conducted between June and August, 2018. Pendimethalin was applied both as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide (PE and EPOE) and followed by hand weeding at 4 and 8 weeks after sowing (WAS). Number of pods per plant was highest in TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha PE pendimethalin (19.33) and 0.250 kg/ha pendimethalin EPOE application (19.00). Highest pod diameter in PE treatment was produced in TVu-16320 with 0.25 kg/ha pendimethalin (7.55 mm) and TVu-16323 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin produced the highest pod diameter (7.74 mm) in the EPOE treatment. Highest pod length in the PE treatment was produced in TVu-9092 with 0.125 kg/ha, while TVu-9092 without pendimethalin produced the highest pod length (30.00 cm) in the EPOE treatment. In the PE treatment, TVu-16265 and TVu-9092 treated with 0.125 kg/ha had the highest (2.99 g) and lowest empty pod weights (1.70 g) respectively. In the EPOE treatment, the highest empty pod weight (3.01 g) was produced in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin while the control of TVu-16320 recorded the lowest empty pod weight (2.03 g). The highest of 100 seeds weight (14.91 g) was produced in TVu-16421 with 0.125 kg/ha pendimethalin PE treatment and lowest (9.26 g) was obtained in the untreated control of TVu-16323. In the post-emergence treatment, the lowest 100 seeds weight (8.88 g) was obtained in TVu-16320 with 0.125 kg/ha. Highest weight per pod in the PE and EPOE application was obtained in untreated control with TVu-9092 (10.47 g), while the lowest weight per pod (3.22 g) was in TVu-16265 with 0.125 kg/ha EPOE application. The study concluded that pendimethalin application as pre- and early post-emergence herbicide at low and high concentrations produced varying effects on pod attributes among the accessions of cowpea.

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Zimmer, Oliver. "Die Ungeduld mit der Zeit. Britische und deutsche Bahnpassagiere im Eisenbahnzeitalter." Historische Zeitschrift 308, no. 1 (February 5, 2019): 46–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hzhz-2019-0002.

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Zusammenfassung Die historische Zeitforschung neigt dazu, die Potenziale der modernen Zeitkultur mit ihrer Praxis gleichzusetzen. Neue Möglichkeiten, was die Reisegeschwindigkeit von Zügen, die Synchronisation von Bahnhofsuhren oder die Regulierung der Bewegungen des reisenden Publikums betrifft, definieren das Zeitbewusstsein und die Zeitverwendung einer Epoche jedoch nur unvollständig. Gerade beim Umgang mit der Zeit bleiben orts- und kontextspezifische Alltagserfahrungen von entscheidender Bedeutung. Diese These wird im vorliegenden Beitrag am Beispiel britischer und deutscher Eisenbahnpassagiere entwickelt. Mit der zunehmenden Beschleunigung und Verdichtung des Eisenbahnverkehrs stieg das Risiko von Verspätungen – und zwar unabhängig davon, ob die Betreiber (wie in Großbritannien) private Gesellschaften oder (wie in Deutschland nach der Reichsgründung mehrheitlich) Staatsbetriebe waren. Und gleichzeitig verringerte sich im auf Pünktlichkeit getrimmten Eisenbahnzeitalter die Wartebereitschaft der Menschen. Ungeduldiges Warten war nicht primär Ausdruck nationaler kultureller Eigenschaften, sondern eine Begleiterscheinung der Beschleuningung und Verdichtung des Verkehrs, wobei auch in diesem Bereich der Modernisierung nicht von einer einfachen Ursache-Wirkung-Beziehung auszugehen ist: Sozioökonomischer und technologischer Wandel und Veränderungen der öffentlichen Erwartungen und Wahrnehmungen beeinflussten sich bei diesem Vorgang gegenseitig. Mit ihrer Ungeduld brachten Einsenbahnpassagiere ihre Enttäuschung über das Versprechen einer berechen- und damit kontrollierbaren Moderne zum Ausdruck. Als weitverbreitetes Gefühl wurde Ungeduld zum Signum der modernen Zeit. Bis zum Beginn des letzten Drittels des 19. Jahrhunderts legten britische Bahnpassagiere deutlich mehr Ungeduld an den Tag als deutsche. Diese Differenz verringerte sich jedoch um 1900 spürbar. Nun entpuppte sich die Ungeduld mit der Zeit auch in Deutschland als Folge und Ferment einer Zeitkultur, die das Leben viel umfassender prägte, als es manchen lieb war.

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Ortega Rodríguez, Iván. "La crítica de Patocka a Husserl: subjetividad trascendental frente al mundo como trascendental." Investigaciones Fenomenológicas, no. 5 (February 12, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rif.5.2015.29820.

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Jan Patočka (1907-1977) desarrolló un original trabajo fenomenológico pese a circunstancias adversas. En él, pasó de defender unas tesis muy cercanas a Ideas I a sostener unos planteamientos notablemente alejados. Para el filósofo checo, Husserl habría localizado la esfera trascendental pero habría errado al tomarla por un ente o preente subjetivo. Por el contrario, una aplicación consecuente hasta el final de la epojé nos permite ir hasta la auténtica esfera trascendental, que es el mundo como proto-estructura universal de aparición. En consecuencia, Patočka diverge muy notablemente de Husserl al tiempo que mantiene la propuesta de una fenomenología trascendental (aunque “a-subjetiva”). Asimismo, esta noción de la esfera trascendental permite profundizar la crítica a Husserl, pues su subjetivismo vendría dado por haber confundido la realización concreta del aparecer en cada sujeto concreto con la esfera pura del aparecer. Husserl no habría sido, a ojos de Patočka, lo suficientemente trascendental.Jan Patočka developed an original phenomenological research in spite of adverse circumstances. He underwent a profound evolution. If at first his theses were very close to Husserl’s Ideas, at the end of his life his position was notably different of his master’s. For the Czech philosopher, Husserl was right to speak about a transcendental sphere but was wrong to take it as an entity or pre-entity of subjective nature. On the contrary, a consequent use of epokhe enables us to get to the true transcendental sphere. This sphere is the “world” as the universal structure of appearing as such. Consequently, Patočka diverges from Husserl but he keeps the idea of a transcendental phenomenology (though “a-subjective”). Furthermore, Patočka thinks that Husserl mistook the realisation of appearing in each particular subject with the pure sphere of appearance. According to Patočka, then, Husserl’s Phenomenology would not have been transcendental enough.

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Sawyer, Stephen W. "Becoming Americans in Paris: Transatlantic Politics and Culture between the World Wars by Brooke L. Blower, and: Whose Spain? Negotiating “Spanish Music” in Paris, 1908–1929 by Samuel Llano, and: Twilight of the Belle Epoque: The Paris of Picasso, Stravinsky, Proust, Renault, Marie Curie, Gertrude Stein, and Their Friends through the Great War by Mary McAuliffe." Journal of World History 26, no. 2 (2016): 420–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jwh.2016.0043.

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Mollier, Jean Yves. "L’argent dans la presse a la Belle Epoque." Secuencia, no. 103 (December 7, 2018). http://dx.doi.org/10.18234/secuencia.v0i103.1685.

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Este artículo se centra en el papel del dinero en el desarrollo de la prensa francesa durante la Belle Époque, 1880-1910. Mientras que la venta de diarios aumentó de un millón de ejemplares en 1870 a tres millones en 1880 y de nueve a diez millones en 1900 (menos de 40 millones de habitantes), los bancos y las grandes empresas industriales penetraron profundamente en los periódicos. Las páginas financieras se alquilaban a compañías especializadas en publicidad y las grandes empresas trataron de utilizar la prensa para drenar el ahorro público. Varios escándalos, procedentes de Panamá, el níquel y los préstamos rusos, revelarán la extensión de la corrupción de los periodistas, los propietarios de la prensa, así como de los parlamentarios. El consejero del Ministro de Finanzas ruso hablará acertadamente de “la abominable venalidad de la prensa” que socavó la democracia y demostró la capacidad de los medios para manipular a la opinión pública.

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Lenz, Maria Heloisa. "AUGE E INÍCIO DO DECLÍNIO DA ECONOMIA ARGENTINA." Análise Econômica 18, no. 33 (October 7, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2176-5456.10648.

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Este paper analisa o comportamento da economia argentina na sua fase inicial até o início do século XX e divide-se em quatro partes. A primeira apresenta uma periodização para as diversas fases da economia argentina. A segunda examina o período de formação da economia argentina, iniciando em 1820 e terminando ao redor de 1870. A terceira, que inicia em 1870, examina o comportamento da economia argentina durante a chamada Belle Epoque, especialmente em relação à influência inglesa, à constituição da base da economia do país com grande apropriação de terra para criação de gado, e à inauguração do primeiro frigorífico. A quarta examina a depressão econômica ocorrida em 1890/1900 e a crise bancária de 1890. Finalmente, a última parte apresenta uma discussão sobre o inicio do fim do período de rápido crescimento.

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Gadala, Clarisse. "Daniel Couégnas, Fiction et culture médiatique à la Belle Epoque dans le magazine Je sais tout (⁠1905-1914⁠)." Belphégor, no. 17, 1 (March 9, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/belphegor.2009.

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