Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Époque classique'
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Aka, Adou Marcel. "Finances publiques et richesses privées en Grèce aux époques classique et hellénistique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30016.
Full textThesis on the theme '' public finances and private wealth in Greece in Classical and Hellenistic periods '' raises the issue of the relationships and correlations between private wealth and public finances in the cities and kingdoms of the Greek world. During this long period, on the one hand the private wealth were formed independently of public finances by rents from the leasing of certain assets, by mining, trade and banking. In addition, by the intellectual work divination and sport. On the other hand, private wealth would have formed at the expense of public finances by corruption and embezzlement that Greek judges would have indulged in the exercise of their charges. The wealth that were thus formed in one way or another did not serve only for private use. They also served the public finances to overcome financial shortages , grain supply , finance wars , build or rebuild buildings, pay tribute or ransom , make sacrifices , perform embassies and supplying oil to gyms . Therefore, the Greek states had recourse to coercive imposition of tribute, the practice of confiscation and binding and the removal of taxes loans, fines and taxes. Moreover, the Greek states also appealed to the evergetism of the richest people who demonstrated their generosity during épidoseis, public subscriptions’ loans and individual evergetisms
Ioannou, Christina. "La présence phénicienne à Chypre et en Grèce à l'époque archaïque et classique." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100124.
Full textThis three-part comprehensive and systematic study focused on the Phoenician presence in Cyprus and Greece from the beginning of the archaic period till the end of the classical era, is based upon ancient literary sources and archaeology. The first part consists of an introduction to the subject and a presentation of the protagonists, the Phoenicians. Having tried to define the generic term ‘Phoenician(s),’ the author examines the first indication of this presence, as well as the first contacts between Phoenicians and the two countries, highlighting the fact that these relationships are in the continuity of the past. The second part gives prominence to the Phoenician presence in Greece, through a methodical analysis that defines the character and the impact of this presence during the archaic and classical periods. The third part concentrates on Cyprus: all the information that has been gathered throughout the research is subject to thorough examination; Kition proves to be a particular case, as it distinguishes itself from the other areas of the island, and is thus treated apart. This paper ends with a synthetic summary of all the data, trying to reach some conclusions on the Phoenician presence in Cyprus and in Greece, on its evolution, on how it had been influenced from the different historical events, and on its effect on the daily life of both countries
Doganis, Carine Karitini. "Démocratie et transparence : les sycophantes et la délation dans la cité d'Athènes à l'époque classique." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004IEPP0020.
Full textJakubiec, Alexandre. "La Religion d'autrui. Etude sur les différences religieuses et leurs appréciations en Grèce à l'époque classique." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSEN009.
Full textModern historians admit that there was a great variety in the Greek world of the classical period in the way one lives one's religious life. Thus, studies on the Greek religion have focused much on particular religious facts: on religion at the level of cities, regions, or even on minority religious facts such as magic, orphism and pythagorism, or even on religion of individuals like Plato. The notion of a religious "norm" and, therefore, of what is not part of the norm, is also of interest, as is the notion of otherness. A study on religious differences and their appreciation in Greece in the classical period is conceived as an extension of these works, seeking in particular to create a link between them. The main question that is asked is that of the relationship with the other in religious matters. How did the Greeks think and behave when confronted with a different way of thinking and acting than their own in matters of religion? Were they indifferent, curious, interested, contemptuous, violent? We must also look for the causes of such attitudes: why did they think and act as they did? The study therefore focuses on many themes - from the religion of the Barbarians to that of the nearest neighbour, including that of the Greeks in other cities - from a particular angle. It is about studying the difference, the plurality of religious experiences and the encounter between different religious experiences, between different ways of thinking and practising religion. This amounts to analysing the friction between several religious systems, between several religious norms or between a minority or even individual religious phenomenon and the religious norm
Nishimura, Yukio. "Les Notes sur Chopin d’André Gide et leur époque : un écrivain « classique » face à un musicien « romantique » ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA100031.
Full textAndré Gide loves Frederic Chopin so deeply that he even writes a book the whole content of which is dedicated to analyze this musician: Notes on Chopin (1931, 1948). Our thesis aims to study his thoughts on Chopin and to locate them in the history of the French reception of the musician. Regretting that his music is interpreted "falsely", Gide strives to present a true" figure of the composer. In this attempt, although Chopin’s art is generally regarded as "romantic", the novelist finds his aesthetic ideal - "classicism" – in it. When Gide discusses Chopin, the term "classicism" is related to three concepts which compose Gide's aesthetic and ethic: elitism, "anti-romanticism", and cultural nationalism. Consider that this image of a "classical" Chopin created by Gide does not seem very strange if we take into account Chopin's discourse at the time of the preparation of the Notes (1892-1931). People at the period began to approach the musician in more varied and more scientific ways, by relativizing the clichés connected to him (decadent, unhealthy, sentimental). As a result, they have come to pay attention to several aspects of Chopin's style, including his "classicism". So, it is not very surprising that Notes are accepted positively on the whole. Moreover, we confirm the ideas explained in Notes aren’t totally contradictory to the ones shared with the critics who are hostile to Gide, nor to those of Alfred Cortot whose so-called “romantic” performance the novelist rejects. These facts allow us to reconsider the possible contemporaneity of the Notes in the inter-war period, even though its content seems to be completely independent of the cultural situation of that time
Shin, Jungad. "Du Racine galant au Racine classique : essai sociopoétique de la réception de Racine à son époque (1659-1763)." Paris 3, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA030044.
Full textMataranga, Kalomira. "Contribution à l'étude de "l'intoxication" en matière politique et militaire chez les historiens grecs de la période classique." Paris 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA010668.
Full textZirah, Adrien. "ONOMATA. Essai d'anthropologie linguistique de l'Athènes classique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, EHESS, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023EHES0173.
Full textHow did the classical Greeks conceive language? While the Greeks have often been seen as the people par excellence of logos, the question of the name, the onoma, has long been considered a secondary issue. This study aims, on the contrary, to show its centrality not only from the point of view of the history of linguistics, but also as an anthropological object, perceptible in a wide variety of fields and media. Firstly, we aim to show the centrality of onoma, of the name, in Greek metalinguistic conceptions: far from being a simple 'etymological' game, phonic associations hold a central place in Greek thought, whether in literary texts or in social and political life. Plato's Cratylus, as an encyclopaedic and critical reflection on Greek linguistic thought, plays a key role in our work. Secondly, and more broadly, we study how the emergence of an autonomous linguistic discipline went with a normative discourse on Greek linguistic practices, from the attribution of names to human beings in a context that was both familial and ritualistic, to the practice of 'etymological' games, which some authors found disturbing. Far from being a pure question of knowledge, the Greek conception of the ὄνομα turns out to be an anthropological and socio-political issue
Lajeunesse, Maude. "Représentations, fonctions et statuts des parents dans les lois grecques des époques archaïque et classique : analyse des documents épigraphiques." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BOR30046.
Full textThis study intends to highlight how and why the relatives were named in the epigraphical legislative documents (nomoi, psephismata, thesmoi) from archaic and classical Greek cities. Some of these laws concern family matters, such as inheritance or funerals. These laws intended to prevent either the extinction of the oikos or conflicts between relatives, which could have disrupt the society. Other rules concern the regluation of the city by itself. These texts regulated the social and civic inclusion of the children and the wife (as a potential mother) or the exclusion of the descendants of subversive individuals. The relatives named in the laws are, for most of them, members of the same oikos : the father, the mother and their children. But these relatives are specifically named ascendants or descendants. The general interest of the lawgivers was actually the preservation of the lineages, conditio sine qua non for the maintenance of both the oikos and the polis as a whole. Therefore, children and descendants are the relatives most frequently designated in the protected documents. They are named as main heirs, who will further give the status and the heritage they have received to their own children. This thesis points out that minor children, as well as women (spouses or mothers), even if they were excluded from the citizenship, were recongnized by the law but they couldn’t really act legally. The man, as husband and father, remains more often mentionned in the laws, as he had a main role both in the oikos and in the polis. The same applies to the son, who could sometimes substitute for the father, whereas the daughter is always a passive suject in the laws. As for the collaterals, these relatives could intervene when a break occured in the oikos, mostly when someone died, sometimes with the family-in-law of the deceased. Within the collaterals, the brother, who comes from the same oikos but, most of all, who is a member of the same lineage, is designated to be the perfect substitute
Calès, Sabrina. "L'oikonomos dans les cités grecques aux époques classique et hellénistique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30045.
Full textIn Greek cities, and especially in democratic systems, many citizens had to deal with public money. The oikonomos is one of the civic financial magistracies that spread throughout the Greek world in classical and Hellenistic times but especially in Asia Minor and Pont-Euxin.Firstly, the oikonomos refers to the administration of the oikos, the economic and social unit of Greek society. The organisation of the oikos and the practices implemented to ensure the survival and development of its members correspond to elementary principles known since epic poems. From the end of the 5th century onwards, the oikonomos has been identified as the holder of a technè that stimulated philosophical reflection in the city of Athens. The oikonomos was identified as the agent of the practice of oikonomia, the science of domestic management. In an era of significant economic, political and social change, philosophers established the link between domestic management and the administration of the city's affairs. The analysis of literary sources has made it possible to identify and understand the transition that took place at the end of the 4th century between the oikonomos, the manager of the oikos, and the civic magistracy. Secondly, the study of epigraphic sources highlights the role and place of the oikonomos in the cities where it is documented. In most cases, there was only one holder of the magistracy. The oikonomos was involved both in the payment of expenses and in the material support for the honours decreed by the city. Sometimes it may has been associated with other people. Treasurers, neopes or other financial or non-financial magistrates worked with the oikonomos. The analysis of their relationships provides elements for understanding not only the attributions of oikonomoi, the chain of the responsibilities involved in the process of honours publication and resolution but also on the management of the cities' finances
Garcia, Marine. "Recherches sur les cultes domestiques dans les cités grecques aux époques classique et hellénistique." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BOR30058.
Full textThis study proposes a new approach of Greek domestic cults, more precisely an archaeological approach. As a matter of fact, archaeological aspects of this topic have been neglected up until now, but excavations reveal the presence in many houses of altars (portable or not), hearths and a lot of religious artefacts and sacrificial remains (both animal and vegetable). All these elements are evidence of religious activities in the domestic area, and they must be taken into account for the current discussions. By making an inventory and by analyzing these evidences in a sample of houses situated in the Greek continent and in Greek isles, it is possible to question a well-established narrative based on literary sources since the end of the 19th century
Feyel, Christophe. "Les artisans dans les sanctuaires grecs aux époques classique et hellenistique à travers la documentation financière." Paris, EPHE, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998EPHE4043.
Full textThe building accounts of the greek sanctuaries are describing a population of craftsmen, who are studied in the dissertation. The first part is a catalog of evidences, with all the craftsmen mentionned in the epigraphic accounts of the erechtheum, eleusis, epidaurus, delfi, delos. The second part of the dissertation examines the craftsmen - the political status, the geographical origins, the specializations and the payements. The third part studies the relations between the authorities of the sanctuaries and the craftsmen, peculiarly through the building contracts. The dissertation contains graphics, maps and, at the end, an index with a full bibliography
Carrara, Aurélie. "La fiscalité des échanges extérieurs dans le monde grec (Egypte exclue) du VIe siècle à la conquête romaine." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30043.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to highlight what the stakes of tax systems are for the external exchanges and the Greek economy, without leaving out aspects of territory control from which it is very close. This reflection is mainly based on literary and epigraphic texts, concerning the various state organisations in the Greek world : cities, kingdoms, koina. The geographic and chronological perspective considered is wide in order to examine tax systems in their entirety and diversity. After setting the question in its historigraphic context, we have first studied the vocabulary of exchanges and taxation, in order to define classes used by Ancient Greeks. We have then observed the way Greeks introduced tax systems in external exchanges, their motives and the consequences in terms of territory’s control. Indeed, this taxation forms occured in the centre of power relationships, sometimes case of conflicts. In a third times, we have studied how the taxes used to be collected and have tried to describe the process, from the tax base to the payment, with manifestations of tax evasion and fraud. We have also been interested in agents of collection, in particular farm renters. Even if some practices appear as common in tax systems, we must not forget that they came from local context, sometimes very different, so we couldn’t assert it as a generality. At least, we have wondered about the way taxes were used as an economic tool, chiefly through fiscal privileges like exemptions
Cuche, Vincent. "Les dieux au combat : Guerre et interventions divines en Grèce à l'époque classique." Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100121.
Full textWar can be seen as two different and apparently contradictory phenomena. On the one hand, war belongs to the realm of mere materiality, of violence enforced on bodies and artefacts; on the other hand, it is an intellectual production, shaped by norms, rites and discourse: in a word, wars are objects of thought, fashioned in religious terms. This study relies on the principle that Greek polytheism can be used as a relevant pattern for the interpretation of military behaviours in the Antiquity. By systematically studying every ancient text containing a narrative about an intervention of a god, from the Persian Wars to the time of Alexander, we have dealt with two aspects of these sources: the purely military explanations given for the historical events and the imaginary representations used to describe them. As a result, it appeared that historical narratives of wars can be deciphered as the expression of conventions based on a complex set of oppositions and contrasts, which are direct reflexions of mythological discourses. The Greek stories of battles never tell us about purely historical events and the descriptions of soldiers’ behaviour are not independent of these representations. Gods played an important role in ancient depictions of wars, which use the same language as that of religion. Gathering all mention of religious offerings during battles and of gods’ epiphanies has allowed me to reach the conclusion that almost any god was suited to mingle with military events but each god did so on his own terms, which, in turn, shed light on different aspects of the Greek representations of war
Joncheray, Claire. "Les cités étrusques et le monde grec à la période classique, topographie et institutions." Thesis, Paris 10, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA100144/document.
Full textThe architecture of Etruscan city-states is investigated by reviewing existing archeological data and Greek literary sources ranging from the the mid-6th to the mid-4th century B.C. We then proceed to compare Etruscan and Greek city-states in terms of urban network, monumental construction or the relation between cities and their surrounding territories. Since recent interpretations tend to rely on a comparison with Greek city-states, a discussion and critical examination of this model is provided. It is argued that the absence in Etruscan city-states of urban squares and structures capable of hosting large gatherings can be explained by differing institutional needs and requirements, such as the adherence to strict religious rules, or the reception of clients by patrons. These distinctive factors are identified by assessing the structure of Etruscan society and by examining Etruscan magistracies. An examination of the role of trumpets among symbols of power is also developed in order to ascertain the military nature of the authority bestowed on Etruscan magistrates, as well as the strong social fabric of Etruscan city-states.By drawing on the distinction between urban public places, indicative of the consciousness of a urban community of forming a unitary whole, and urban public space, of a more specifically political significance, we arrive at the conclusion that a fragmentation of the latter into multiple places of power can be observed in Etruscan city-states. Finally, it is shown that such alternative spaces as the inner courts of private houses or the free spaces in sanctuaries can also be given a certain political status
Antoniou, Anastasie-Florence. "La religion et la condition de la femme à Athenes à l'époque classique." Paris 10, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA100130.
Full textThe participation of the Athens, during the classical age, at the religious worship, offers to them compensation and a consolation, considering the lack of political rights and their reclusion. The same function of this participation can be observed, through the survival of the ritual, considering the status of the Greek women up to the 20th century
Schnapp, Alain. "La duplicite du chasseur : comportement juvenile et pratique cynegetique en grece ancienne aux epoques archaique et classique." Paris, EHESS, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987EHES0304.
Full textFor the ancient greeks hunting was not only a means of relieving themselves of wild animals, a way of obtaining meat for food, it was also the distinct sign of mankind which was right away from the beasts and from the gods. As such, hunting gives the possibility of laying the foundations of anthropology and of vindicating the place of man in the city, and the place of the city in the world. Therefore the chasing and the capture of the animal are expounded, in greece, by a series of symbols. Philosophical enquiry, political metaphor, erotic vocabulary play with hunting as with an exhaustible pool for similes and images. I tried therefore to analyse the various aspects of hunting practice in epic poetry, tragedy, history and philosophy. Hunting is regularly represented in vase painting from the viith century to the ivth century. The investigation led me, then, to the interpretation of vase pictures. Through the appearing, the development of the modifications of them, i endeavoured to find the path for a social history which gives a privilegied place to youth behaviour. The confrontation of texts with pictures sketching this history and thus, the discovery of a somehow concealed part of the city face
Coutsinas, Nadia. "Défenses crétoises : fortifications urbaines et défense du territoire en Crète aux époques classique et hellénistique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210510.
Full textLe point de départ de ce travail est le catalogue des fortifications crétoises, qui comprend 61 sites fortifiés (enceintes urbaines, forts et tours isolées).
À partir d’une étude qui fait une grande place aux questions de topographie, il a été possible d’une part, de dégager des dynamiques régionales et d’autre part, d’identifier certaines caractéristiques et certaines évolutions dans l’implantation des cités crétoises.
L’exemple de la Crète permet d’alimenter le débat sur la place de l’enceinte dans la définition de la cité. Les vestiges archéologiques ne semblent pas aller dans le sens des sources littéraires, selon lesquelles toute cité était nécessairement ceinte d’un rempart. Mais l’existence d’une enceinte semble bien être la marque du statut de cité./This study aims to raise various questions regarding defence in Crete during the classical and Hellenistic Periods. As the Greek city-state was a double entity, it seemed important to not separate the defence of the town from the defence of the territory.
The starting point of this work was the catalogue of Cretan fortifications, which contains 61 fortified sites (city walls, forts and watch-towers).
Topography plays a key role in the study therefore it is possible, on the one hand to separate regional dynamics of some cities and, on the other, to identify certain characteristics and evolutions in the settlement of Cretan cities.
The example of Crete encourages the debate on the role of the city-wall in the definition of the city-state. Archaeological remains do not seem not to agree with literary sources which declare that every town had a wall. However the existence of a city-wall appears to be indicative of the city-state.
Doctorat en Histoire, art et archéologie
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Wilgaux, Jérôme. ""Le mariage dans un degré rapproché" : anthropologie historique du mariage athénien des demi-germains à l'époque classique." Bordeaux 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR30051.
Full textPiolot, Laurent. "Messène indépendante : une communauté politique nouvelle de la fin de l'époque classique : (politique, société et institutions) : IVe-Ier siècle avant J.C." Rennes 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN20027.
Full textSince the american historian Carl Angus Roebuck published his dissertation entitled " a history of Messenia from 369 to 146 B. C. ", our documentation had grown considerably. However, this renewal does not on its own justify a regain of interest to this question. On the contrary, the epigraphical material imposes a reversal of the traditional approach in putting the question of the emergence of a new political community in the year 369 in the center of the debates. In fact, with the messenian independance, problems arise related to the set up of a new community. Still the question of the nature of the structure thus put into place (ethnos, polis or poleis, koinon ?) remains unanswered. The documentary limits were such that apart from Roebuck's synthesis, only messenian topography or cults were studied, but always on a regional scale. The excavations at Messene, near Mount Ithôme, on the site of present Mavromati, have profoundly modified our knowledge of the messenian city, and authorise a new perspective on current research. The study of the remains does not allow us to enter upon the history of the urban centre from 369 B. C. , that is from the date of its foundation by Epaminondas. On the other hand, the study of the epigraphics allows to approach the history of the polis of the Messenians, and breaking with the regional framework set by Strabon and Pausanias especially. This approach enables to bring new light on the history of Messene, on its relationships with other greek cities and with other communities of Messenia, on its institutions, and in particular on its political subdivisions. Furthermore, in this perspective, the study of the famous inscription of the Andania's Mysteries allow an important expansion on the organisation of the city of the Messenians. At last, the wealth of documentation from the imperial age testify of the vitality of the city and of the significant modification of institutional practice as shown by the existence and the functioning of the Oupesia
Villacèque, Noémie. "Théatai logôn, histoire de la démocratie comme spectacle : politique et théâtre à Athènes à l'époque classique." Toulouse 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOU20090.
Full textThe object of this study is twofold, to apprehend the actual interaction between Athenian theatre and politics, and to follow the evolution of the topos of democracy as performance, from the end of the 6th c. BC to 322 BC. The demos in Athens was sovereign, thus the origins of the topos for the demos-spectator in no way reflects any historical reality akin to present day notions of political apathy. Indeed, in the theatre, even for a tragedy, the audience is neither ignored nor silent; the citizen-spectators actively participate in the theatrical performance. Thus the poets, by transforming the performance into an assembly, demonstrate that the similarity between the actual places – in particular the theatre of Dionysos and the Pnyx, but also the lawcourts – accentuated in the eyes of the Athenians the analogy between political and judicial assemblies and theatrical ones. Lack of evidence precludes determining exactly when people establish this analogy, nonetheless, it is clear that it was during the last thirty years of the 5th century BC that the topos of democracy as performance really flourished. At this era, Athenians were clearly conscious of the theatrical nature of the lawcourts. In the theatre, the topos is staged by Aristophanes. Above all, it became an important argument in anti-democratic rhetoric. Theorized by Plato at the beginning of the 4th c. BC, the topos tended afterwards to lose its ideological value, becoming a simple insult, whereas at the same time, the theatralization of politics is generally admitted: for the orator, this means exploiting his qualities as an actor at the tribune. Skills taught henceforth in the schools of rhetoric
Le, Person Gwenaëlle. "La psukhê et les phrenes sont malades : représentations du délire à l'époque classique (VIe-IIIe)." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00267188.
Full textCogan, Gwenola. "Pratiques agonistiques et histoire culturelle des objets : prix et récompenses dans les concours des cités grecques, VIe et IVe siècles av. J.C." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010661.
Full textDurrive, Barthélemy. "Usage et fonctionnement d’un corps sans mode d'emploi. Que se joue-t-il entre l’intérieur et l’extérieur du corps dans la constitution d’une "physiologie du travail" (de l’Âge classique à la Belle Époque) ?" Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN080.
Full textThe phrase “work physiology” (referring to professional work) appeared during the International Hygiene and Demography Congresses between 1900 and 1904. It was first used to call for a brand new research program applying the methods and results of experimental physiology to the study of the body at work in several definite occupations. Creating its first official state-funded laboratory in 1913, this “professional work physiology” tried to launch – by means of well publicized case studies and declarations – a large-scale scientific enterprise for the scientific analysis of human work. The self-proclaimed aim was to rationalize legislation regarding fatigue, settle arguments (between employers and employees) on scientific grounds, and most of all optimize the organization of work. This specific kind of “work physiology” developed t first without the knowledge of Taylor’s research, but as soon as the beginning of the 1910’s, “work physiologists” started announcing that their own studies tended to improve taylorism – as they confirmed its principles while adapting its applications to the specificities of the living organism.This thesis takes the “1900 period” as a starting point in order to show how the scientific debates resulting in the formation of “work physiology” actually have roots in distant history – for the working body has been an object for scientific study since at least the late 17th century. Our hypothesis is as follows: the formation of a “work physiology” raises an important epistemological issue, namely that experts in the organic functioning suddenly analyze the way workers are using their own bodies. Thus, while changing their object, scientists claim that it is possible to evaluate and optimize this use of one’s body from a purely physiological standpoint. This thesis tries to shed light on the source and the evolution of this peculiar idea, throughout the 17th, 18th and 19th century. Focusing on a few famous cases studies in the scientific analysis of human work, we try to show how the modeling practices tend to mix statements about what happens inside the body with what is at stake outside the body, in the real-world work situation.While the facts analyzed here are historical in nature, the question asked to carry out the analysis is philosophical in nature: what can we learn from the motives developed by and the difficulties encountered by these physiologists of a new kind, regarding the claim to dictate a “correct use” of the body solely based on physiological knowledge ? The issue that this dissertation tries to raise boils down to this question: can one assign something like an instruction manual to the living body? – a question fully renewed in the fifties and sixties by the newly formed ergonomics
Bugnon, Sophie. "Apport de l’iconographie et des sources écrites à la connaissance des rites et des monuments funéraires grecs des époques classique et hellénistique." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100187/document.
Full textThe present work deals with the Greek funerary rites and monuments via the most relevant iconographic and written sources (vases, stelai, paintings, laws, epigrams, literature, etc.) dating back to the Classical and Hellenistic times. The interest here is to abide by the specific mode of functioning of each source so that one source should not be perceived merely as the sparring-partner of another, and so as to be able to fully appreciate whatever they are bound to convey. Even though we are first and foremost dealing with Art History, relying on the sources that are most likely to serve our purpose, the present essay is also strewn with additional archaeological examples purporting to reinforce its central thesis; it is intent also on presenting the reader with as accurate a vision as possible. Based on a comparative system, the present essay takes into account the area of the Greek world comprising Greece proper, including Macedonia, Asia Minor, and, to a lesser extent, Southern Italy. It divides into three main parts. The first part focuses above all on rites from the standpoint of the living people who perform them. The second part deals more specifically with the figure of the deceased as such, as well as with the monument marking his/her burial-place. The third part consists of an analysis of the sources so as to point out their categories of contributions while examining whether they might or might not be subsumed by a specific vision of death
Ismard, Paulin. "La communauté des communautés : les associations à Athènes, VIe-Ier siècles." Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010720.
Full textRinaldi, Sandrine. "Les hétairoi, compagnons guerriers et amis, images et réalités politiques d'Homère à Alexandre le Grand." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100196/document.
Full textAmongst warriors, the hetairoi are a group of men around a leader, with the main purpose of serving him. In Homeric poems, the hetairos may either be a warrior setting out with his king or chief, or a companion remaining at the oikos and taking care of his property during his absence. In Macedonia, the hetairoi are at once the men forming the Macedonian cavalry and the hegemons forming the king’s staff. The hetairoi fight alongside their leader, confer with him, and share his meals. Some are his close friends, where there are stronger affinities or personal friendship ; age usually accounts for these closer relationships. Thus many of the principal hetairoi of a chief are men of his own age group, and therefore grew up with him.The notion of hetairos refers to values such as courage and loyalty, and therefore to the heroic ideal. Thus, the strength of such a community lies in respect for these values, mutual support, and bonds of friendship but also in social practices such as gift-and-counter-gift exchanges.However, this ideal, when taken to extremes, becomes hybris, excess, and turns the valiant hetairoi into arrogant men, caring no more for their leader, but for themselves. As a result, such hetairoi come to be a danger to the rest of the community, or to the king, who is then compelled to wish for, and sometimes even to contrive their death
Lucas, Thierry. "L'organisation militaire du territoire de la Confédération béotienne (447-171 avant J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H076.
Full textRecent studies on Boeotia led to a better understanding of the creation and the development of the Boeotian koinon. The collaboration between the various cities under the form of a federal structure has a clear military expression, which has been ofte n underlined, but never studied in detail. In this PhD thesis I propose a synthesis on the military institutions and the army of the Boeotian koinon. From the foundation of the Classical confederacy in 447 B.C. to the dissolution of the Hellenistic koinon in 171 B.C. Chapter One deals is devoted to the institutions of the koinon, and more particularly to the relation that can be discerned between the political structure of the Confederacy and its army. Chapter Two deals with the federal army of the Classical period as it it described in the literary sources, and more particularly the battle descriptions by the Greek historians. It aims to describe the composition of this army, its structure and the tactics employed. For the Hellenistic period, the lack of literary sources led to a different approach; only the epigraphical record is complete enough to allow such a study. Chapter Three is therefore devoted to the composition of the Hellenistic army and to the military reform which took place between 230 and 220 B.C., while Chapter Four is a demographic study that relies upon the conscript lists. Chapter Five analyses the military culture in Boeotia, that is to say the visibility of the military in the funeral, religious and cultural landscape. Eventually, Chapter Six deals with the defense of the territory and the analysis of the fortifications of Boeotia
Fouchard, Alain. "Recherches sur la crise de l'idéologie aristocratique en Grèce au Ve siècle av. J. -C." Besançon, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BESA1020.
Full textAugier-Dechêne, Christèle. "Le Ve siècle de Plutarque." Thesis, Tours, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008TOUR2001.
Full textPlutarch is a Greek author of Ist-IInd centuries A.D. whose numerous and various works are in particular an essential source of our knowledge on the period called Vth century, "golden age" of Greece. Does Plutarch have a clear and definite vision of this century as a homogeneous period and, consequently, is he responsible for our current view ? The analysis of his sources reveals that he is widely dependent on the historiographical tradition of the IVth century. Plutarch is more interested in men than in events and more in their behaviours than in their acts. The study of the "great figures" of the Vth century shall thus permit the answer to the previous questions. In fact, this study reveals that Plutarch does not apprehend this century in a uniform way but perceives a change in the decades 440-430. This change is among others due to the replacement of the political leaders especially in Athens
Dausse, Marie-Pierre. "Géographie historique de la Molossie aux époques classique et hellénistique." Paris 10, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA100180.
Full textThe Molossia, central part of Epirus, was regarded for years like a border of the greek world and its inhabitants like "Barbarous". This studie of Historical géography of Molossia at classical and hellenistic times is an original work about the heart of the epirotic State, during three centuries (Vth-IId B. C. ). All the sources have been used (litterature, archaeology, epigraphy and numismatic) and the tools of the geography. But, the most important point comes from the surveys, done in Epirus. So, we are able to present a map of fortifications of Molossia and a systematic description of the sites. We can also do suggestions for the organisation of this territory, in which the itinerary of transhumance, the centers and the ethnè paly a central rule
Delahaye, Adrien. "Archéologie et images de l'austérité spartiate : l'apport de l'iconographie et de la culture matérielle laconiennes à l'histoire de Sparte (VIe-Ve siècles av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PA01H047.
Full textStudying the history of Sparta raises the question of the sources. In addition to the weakness of the available written documentation, occurs the problem of the “Spartan Mirage”, that is to say the construction of a historiographical discourse characterized by idealization phenomena, in particular by ancient authors who are usually not Spartans. Although the latter has been patiently deconstructed since F. Ollier’s work, it is worth noting that it was mainly based on literary testimonia, while archaeological realia remained little exploited. The laconian vases, figured or not, nevertheless constitute a source that can be analysed in the context of a historical frame. This study proposes to return to one of the essential aspects of the “Mirage”, the Spartan austerity, whose creation is generally placed during the 6th century. The production of laconian black figures, which experienced its peak of production and decline during this period, constitutes a privileged field of experimentation to restate the terms of the debate. The cross-checking of this data with the texts on the one hand and the contemporary material culture on the other – black glazed vases, bronzes, reliefs, lead and ivory figurines – makes it possible to conduct a comparative approach. The search for parallels in the contemporary ceramic series of Athens, Corinth or Boeotia finally offers a way to put in perspective the specificity of the spartan case. Finally, austerity turns out to be only one of the numerous chimeras of the "Spartan Mirage"
Genevrois, Gérard. "Étude du vocabulaire crétois d’après les inscriptions (époques archaïque, classique et hellénistique)." Paris, EPHE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EPHE4020.
Full textThanks to its exceptionally rich epigraphic corpus, Cretan is one of the Greek dialects that lends itself optimally to a fruitful lexical study. The specific nature of the vocabulary of Cretan inscriptions is connected to the conditions under which the dialect emerged, namely from the osmosis between the Dorian dialect of the new conquerors and the Mycenaean Greek spoken by the previous elite – whence the interest to compare the Cretan vocabulary with that of all the dialects from the southern Group (Ionian-Attic, Arcado-Cypriot and Mycenaean). The study shows the richness of the Cretan vocabulary in morphological, semantic, institutional or purely lexical archaisms. Many terms used in Cretan prose appear elsewhere only in poetry or in the works of lexicographers. It identifies the systematic processes (composition, suffixation, derivation, etc. ) by which the Cretan legislator (particularly in Gortyn) creates his legal and institutional vocabulary from an archaic lexical fund which he adapts to the needs of the judicial procedure. Cretan has very few strictly Dorian lexical traits given the sizeable list of words that this dialect shares, often exclusively, with Ionian alone or with Ionian-Attic. This observation is undoubtedly influenced by the quantitative heterogeneity of the available sources, because it should be borne in mind that no other dialect has a corpus as rich as Cretan; the concordances observed are not any less impressive. In particular, the striking resemblance between the Cretan legal vocabulary and that of the Classical Attic language can only be explained by borrowing from a common archaic fund of the Greek language and legal thought. The lexical similarities point to the problem of the “Dorism” of the laws of ancient Crete and ultimately that of the unity of Greek law
Pimouguet-Pédarros, Isabelle. "La défense du territoire en Carie aux époques classique et hellénistiques (histoire et archéologie)." Bordeaux 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR30051.
Full textAs a contact between the Greek and Persian worlds, Caria established itself early on as a specific entity. This originality found expression in the emergence of a local power, that of the "Hecatomides". With the Macedonian conquests and to a greater extent under the Diadochi, it became a theatre of military operations before entering the tenture of the Great Hellenistic monarchies. In this way, its geostrategic location itself shows the importance of a study of the defence of territory. The foreseen approach of study claims to be both historical and archeological. This involves a perception of the links between the politic and the art of fortifications. In Caria, distinct political forms existed, on even coexisted which differenciated from each over by their particular type of territory : communal territories, states undergoing territorial integration, or territorial entities. Within these territories, the froms of organisation and domination were not identical even if there are undeniable phenomena of superposition and interpenetration. The means employed to ensure safety as well as on occasion the ways of governing, were analogous but the political finality was radically different. The relations between defence and politic have as a consequence the study of military architecture which constitutes what could be called an archeology of defence. This implies that the material aspects of defence (the nature, the function, tha dating of fortifications) and the theoretical aspects of defence (the applications and concepts of defence) are indissociable
Granger, Clara. "Héraclès dans l'imaginaire grec : iconographie et procédés de représentation aux époques archaïque et classique." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE2140.
Full textHerakles is one of the most important figures in the literature and art of ancient Greece, and he is the subject of a huge mythology as complex as varied. Herakles’ story is developed in the oral traditions and transcribed in the texts, as well as widely put in image. He is profusely represented in attic ceramics, which constitute a polysemic support, making all the variations that allow his complex figure. First, a vase could be seen in differents ways and views : from a simple reception to a more elaborate thought, according to the abilities and the culture of the spectators. Then, Heracles is the only character in Greek mythology who has such an ambiguous nature, of heroes and gods. So the Greek artists have adapted, on various media, from architecture to ceramic, a large number of his deeds, highlighting one quality or an other, depending on which episode is represented. Obviously, in order to interpreting the image of Herakles in the archaic and the classical periods of Greek antiquity, the particular context of a city, the political situation and the object must all be considered
Romieux-Brun, Élodie. "Clio dans les romans grecs : l’Histoire chez Chariton et Héliodore." Thesis, Paris 4, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA040163.
Full textReferences to history are frequent in the Greek novels Chaireas and Callirhoe, by Chariton (1th century AD), and Aithiopika, by Heliodorus (4th century AD.) These references take a variety of forms. The novels are set in the classical period, but they refer to a wide range of events and historical figures. They also feature rich intertextual engagement with the histories of Herodotus and Thucydides, in a way that recalls the allusive practices of contemporary orators. Thanks to the flexibility of the novel framework, which had not yet been codified, the authors represent the past in innovative, complex, and divergent ways. The Romance of Chaireas and Callirhoe, I demonstrate, exhibits a large variety of references to the past, giving a condensed summary of Greek history from the classical era to Alexander the Great. Echoes to Thucydides suggest thoughts on the transformation of Athens, while references to different historical figures reflect the change of moral values from the classical era to imperial times. The references to the past are linked to political thoughts, in connection with orators' discourses. The Aithiopika, by contrast, presents elaborate allusions to Herodotus Histories. Through these echoes, the novelist affirms the profoundly innovative capacity of the Greek novel as a genre. References to history, I conclude, draw the outlines of an original fictional universe, which finds its place between history and legend, and serve as a counterpoint to the political and moral frameworks developed in oratorical contexts
Desbals, Marie-Anne. "La Thrace et les thraces dans l'imaginaire grec aux époques archaïque et classique : littérature et iconographie." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100157.
Full textAubert, Émilie Jacqueline Joëlle. "Les trônes et leurs usages : étude des personnages siégeant dans l'imagerie grecque aux époques archai͏̈que et classique." Poitiers, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006POIT5008.
Full textSitting is an act within the reach of everyone and has no social connotations ; however the fact of sitting is privilege which engenders an honorary distinction between the sitting figure and those accompanying him or her. These hierarchical relationships and the manner in which Greek creators of images represented them, which have been analysed by studying, for all media, thrones and the figures occupying them, between the end of the 7th century and the third quarter of the 4th century. From this research, real or illustrated thrones cannot be defined in formal terms, any seat or even other objects could contribute to marking precedence resulting from a particular status. Throne users come from several categories relating their religious, political, legal or social roles. Even though kings and men were shown enthroned, the throne is above all a divine attribute. The slide between divine and profane took place during the 6th century, through the representation of mythical kings and then thrones were occupied by actors or allegories of the city and individuals shown in the private sphere. Although the enthroned figure can rarely be identified from the shape of the throne, in group scenes, it size, the figure's gestures, attributs and placing, wether at the centre of the composition or to the side if it is a procession, set him of her apart from other figures who are simply sitting down
Weber-Pallez, Clémence. "Représentations et réalités spatiales de la péninsule argolique aux époques archaïque et classique : de l'espace des cités à celui de l'Argolide." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSEN048.
Full textThis thesis follows the methodology of historical geography and of the history of spatial representations in Ancient Greece. Its main goal is to fill the gap in contemporary historiography, regarding the spatial definition covered by the term of Argolid and the realities to which it refers in the archaic and classical periods. The Argolid, located in the north-east of the Peloponnese, only appears as a region in literature during the Roman period. Did a territorial unit exist in earlier periods? Is the Argolid a territory or a region in the archaic and classical periods or is it just a histographical construct by the Ancients and Moderns?Starting from the analysis of expressed territorialities at these times in the Argolic peninsula, we study the spatial representations related to this space, in order to understand whether it formed a geographical unit for the Greeks back then. In the Argolic peninsula, many identities coexisted, which formed as many territories at different scales (those of kome, of the city or of the ethnic territory). Nevertheless, the peninsula did not have a clear and strong identity that would have made it a territory.The Argolid is the result of active interventions of Argos in the field of representations: it is linked not only to the lot of Temenos, which constituted the famous territorial Argive myth, but also to the association of the areas under the rule of Agamemnon and Diomedes in the Catalogue of Ships. The Argolid hence symbolically includes all the cities of the northeastern Peloponnese. Originally a mythological entity in Argives’ minds, which was later diffused throughout the archaic and classical Greece, the Argolid is also a concrete reality, since it forms a real region in Archaic and Classical periods, that is to say, a favorable environment to economic, worship or cultural interactions
Vanden, Broeck-parant Jean. "Conservation, entretien et restauration des bâtiments en Grèce aux époques classique et hellénistique, d'après les cas de Delphes et de Délos." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/258267.
Full textDoctorat en Histoire, histoire de l'art et archéologie
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Gkaleas, Konstantinos. "Philosophie et gymnastique dans la philosophie grecque classique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010702.
Full textThe purpose of this thesis is to study the role and the function of gymnastike in the tradition of Classical Greek thought. Studying the context in which Plato and Aristotle developed their ideas concerning gymnastike, we comprehend that there are three types of gymnastike in Greek tradition, the military gymnastike (related to the Homeric epics), the athletic gymnastike (related to the Pindaric odes) and the medical gymnastike (related to the Hippocratic corpus). Plato and Aristotle revisit and elaborate these categories. Plato incorporates gymnastike into his educational program, but he rejects the athletic gymnastike. Hippocrates influences Plato, who seems to utilize many elements of this type (medical gymnastike). It seems that gymnastike has the ability to fortify the thymic part of the soul, nevertheless, Plato condems every excessive use of gymnastike, since this lack of moderation cultivates the thymic part, provoking psychological and civic imbalances. Gymnastike is an important factor regarding the “ascension” towards the Form of Beauty (Κάλλος). Equally, Aristotle incorporates gymnastike in his educational program. He takes great care to protect children’s physical condition, indicating in a way the negative aspects of immoderate gymnastike. Thus, he criticizes the athletic gymnastike. Aristotle underlines that the excessive use of military gymnastike leads to a socio-political deterioration
Kimmel-Clauzet, Flore. "Morts, tombeaux et cultes des poètes grecs : étude de la survie des grands poètes des époques archaïque et classique en Grèce ancienne." Lyon 3, 2008. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/out/theses/2008_out_kimmel_f.pdf.
Full textThe most famous poets of Ancient Greece have been honored and worshipped by the next generations. Our study relies on a new corpus of documents about Homer, Hesiod, Archilochus, Pindar, Aeschylus, Sophocles, Euripides, that we gathered, translated and commented. The traditional narratives about the poets draw a portrait of extraordinary men, who die in a violent or marvellous way. The poet appear thus as somebody who deserves the attention of the community. The graves were the most important places to commemorate the dead poets, and the funerary epigrams that were written about them expressed the vivid relationship of the literary community to the famous poets of the past. Various kinds of cults are also known: they can be different from a poet to another, or from a period to another. Our study is an attempt to make clear the various attitudes of the ancient Greeks to their poets, but also to explain them, taking mostly into account the commentaries of the ancient authors. It appears that the conception of the poets' status, the place given to their works in the society, as a basement for culture and education, but also a certain type of patriotism, have deeply influenced the treatment of the ancient poets
Viviers, Didier. "Les cités crétoises aux VIe et Ve siècles avant notre ère: contribution à l'étude de l'Etat en Grèce aux époques archaïque et classique." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/213061.
Full textSarrazanas, Clément. "Agonothésie, athlothésie et chorégie à Athènes : organisation et organisateurs des concours civiques aux époques hellénistique et impériale." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MON30002.
Full textThis doctoral thesis examines the modalities of organizing and financing the contests (agônes) taking place in the city of Athens in Hellenistic and Imperial periods (from 320 BC until the middle of the 3rd century AD). It consists of a comprehensive corpus gathering all the available evidence (mostly inscriptions), with a French translation and a specific commentary (Volume I) ; a historical and analytic synthesis on the topic as a whole (Volume II) ; and appendixes and illustrations (Volume III).This study first aims at a definition of the institutions Athenians chose to create at the head of the civic contests. It mostly deals with agonothesia, a civic office created at the beginning of the Hellenistic period and was maintained until the Roman Empire. We have defined the fields of expertise and of actions of the Athenian agonothetes and their evolutions, paying a specific attention to both the history of this office and of the city. A similar inquiry has been carried on about athlothesia, a magistracy concerned only with Panathenaia, and choregia, which was recreated in the 1st century AD (both of them being well less known than agonothesia). The tasks implied by these offices, often overlooked, reveal a very important personal involvement from the office-holders.Contrary to what is generally assumed, the agonothetes did not fund the contests exclusively from their own pockets, as a close examination shows. At least until the Imperial period, the city continued to provide most of the money needed. Finally, a social study investigates on who were the Athenian agonothetes and which milieu they were coming from ; it scrutinizes the importance of agonothesia in a public career, and the perception of this office by the average fellow-citizens. Agonothesia usually brought popularity to its holder, and quite often motivated public honors from the city.This thesis is a monography on the organization of Athenian games throughout six centuries, which allows a study on the long term, in a coherent space, geographically and politically. It shows the importance of the agonistic life in Athens, notably from institutionnal, cultural, economical and political points of view
Bonnin, Grégory. "L'impérialisme athénien vu des Cyclades (478-338 a.C.)." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30079.
Full textThis PhD thesis reveals the story of the relationship between Athens and the Cyclades during the Classical era, from the Persian Wars to the period of Delian Independence. Athenian Imperialism is questioned here from a new perspective, inspired by subaltern studies. Central to this book is the way the Islanders lived under Athenian domination: how they understood and perceived it and, ultimately, how they reacted to it. This study helps change our understanding of Athenian power, which until now has only ever been understood in terms of its coercive ways. Switching the focus is to restore an active role to the subalterns: with no means of resisting the intrusive Athenian hegemony, the Islanders accepted it and enjoyed the benefits of the pax Atheniensis. This work also offers the story of the creation of a new place, in which inhabitants assert their common identity under Athenian domination. In the minds of Athenians and islanders alike, the islands come to be known as the Cyclades
Assan, Libé Nathalie. "Mendiants et mendicité dans la littérature grecque archaïque et classique." Thesis, Paris 4, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA040113.
Full textThis study/PhD thesis is focused on the beggary and the beggar in Greek literature, from Homer to the cynicism. At the beggining, I am dealing with the study of four word groups : πτωχός ‟beggar”, ἀγύρτης ‟begging priest”, ἀλήτης ‟vagabond”, πλάνης ‟wanderer” and ἐπαίτης, προσαίτης, μεταίτης ‟almsman”. The preserved corpus of Greek literature with mention of the beggary is fortuitously restricted to poetry. By her pragmatic function, ancient Greek poetry remains connected with contemporary social problems. My work's aim is to investigate how literary and aesthetic representations of the beggary have a social function. I adopted three methodological perspectives: a semantic study of the beggary (synonyms and connotations), an study of the literary and dramatic functions of that character (sometimes action accelerator, sometimes factor of emotions), and an analysis of his argumentative role in political and moral reflexions about poverty during the fourth century B.C. The motive of the beggary enabled Greek people to consider a type of civic exclusion, and in parallel, to apprehend the nature of the social cohesion. A chronological approach shows that this character, previously a counter-model of the perfect citizen, becomes - when big economical changes arrive - an endearing character, who symbolically reinstates excluded people in the city and indirectly promote public solidarity
Sin, Hangsu. "La Conception de l'histoire selon les classiques confucéens et les idées réformistes du lettré coréen Yi Ik." Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA070078.
Full textYi Ik studied classics and history all his life long. As a result he proposed many new interpretations of classics such as about jingtian or badao. Contrary to his new comprehension, his governing ideas are very similar to those of Zhu Xi. We can find his unique ideas in his discourses on political situation. He tried to justify his family and his faction so he declared their justice and morality. His conception of history is a result of such attitude. Contrary to studies so far, he accented value of moral. But his opened method influenced some of his disciples. They studied even works of Wang Yangming and catholic. The work of Yi Ik edited by them contains many new ideas. Many of them were executed because of their relation to catholic. The others wished to keep the value of neo Confucianism. They edited his work once again at the end of 19th century under the threat of foreign powers. So they deleted many of his works concerned with science and western. They had succeeded his legitimacy until the beginning of 20th century
Finocchio, Erika. "Xénophon et Athènes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA100182.
Full textThe following study aims to analyse Xenophon’s attitude to Athens and democracy. By recounting the events of Athenian history as they are related in Hellenica and as the author experienced them, the work aims to demonstrate: - that Xenophon does not condemn democracy as an unfair form of politics, even though he does not agree with the political decisions made by Athens during the 5th century B.C. - that, due to the lessons it learnt from its defeat in the 5th century B.C., Athens is the only city capable, in the eyes of the author, of resolving the conflict between Greeks and bringing peace to Greece in the 4th century B.C. - that Xenophon would like to improve democracy, not through structural reforms but through a reform of political thinking based on the Socratic model
Claquin, Laurent. "Cuisines et céramiques de cuisine dans le monde grec colonial aux époques archaïque et classique (début VIIe-fin IVe s. av. J.C.) : approche archéologique des pratiques culinaires à Marseille, Mégara Hyblaea et Apollonia du Pont." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3089.
Full textThis work on the kitchen ceramics is focused on three sites from different mother cities, a distinct and discontinuous geographic environment, and in contact with diverse populations: Marseille, Megara Hyblaea and Apollonia Pontica.The goal is not to get a holistic view of the Greek kitchen from the 7th to the 4th century BC., which would be reductive, but a comparative analysis to evaluate the nature of the relationship between the Greek colonies each other, and these with the communities with which they are in contact.It is divided into three distinct and complementary parts. The first lays the foundations by placing this work in its historiographical context while specifying the methodology adopted; a large part is dedicated to characterize the function, uses, culinary processes and terminology of each shape, by crossing the sources (text, iconography, coroplasty, ethnography and archaeology).The second part develops the typo-chronological analysis of the Greek kitchen ceramics from the preparation of the food to its cooking, sometimes using various devices and utensils. Finally, the third part highlights, by an intrinsic diachronic analysis, the culinary faciès for each of these three colonies and its evolution due to multiple phenomena of cultural interactions between the pre-Roman societies.This approach allows to reveal, in a common cultural framework to the Greeks, a discontinuity of the perceptible eating behaviours in the Greek colonial world, varying according to the scale (local, regional, interregional) and the socio-economic context considered
Barrière, Florian. "Étude critique, traduction et commentaire du livre II du Bellum ciuile de Lucain." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100168.
Full textLucan's epic has not been edited nor translated in France since Bourgery's edition published between 1927 and 1930. This fact is surprising considering that English, German and Italian scholars did such a work at the end of the 20th century and at the beginning of the 21st century. These two present volumes try to compensate this lack in contemporary French scholarship by furnishing a new edition, translation and commentary of Bellum ciuile's book 2. The first volume begins with an introduction to Lucan, to his epic and to some of the distinctive features of book 2, followed by an history of Lucan's text transmission. Pharsalia's textual tradition is complex and it is not possible to make a stemmatic recension fo the manuscripts. Moreover, the obvious contamination of Lucan's tradition does not imply that we are facing a well transmitted text : quite the opposite, many lines of the Bellum ciuile are certainly corrupted. The text established in this work doesn't rely on nothing but manuscripts of Pharsalia : I used as well the indirect tradition and, most importantly, the numerous conjectures made since the 15th century to improve the understand of Lucan's text. In the second volume of this work, the Latin text and its translation are followed by a line by line commentary. It is composed by critical discussion about text establishment, comments about stylistics and explanations of all the allusions made by the poet